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Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Date post: 08-Apr-2015
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Presentation of recent research that demonstrates varying tolerance to saline conditions by almond rootstocks.
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Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management D. Doll, R. Duncan, L. Hendricks, W. Micke, and G. Arnold University of California Agriculture and
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Page 1: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Rootstock Selection for

Salinity Management

D. Doll, R. Duncan, L. Hendricks, W. Micke, and

G. ArnoldUniversity of CaliforniaAgriculture and Natural

Resources

Page 2: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A little bit of background…

1990: Warren Micke and Lonnie Hendricks established a rootstock trial in the Atwater/Livingston Area

- Atwater Sand- 6 Rootstocks: Brights Hybrid, Halford,

Hansen, Lovell, Nemaguard, Nemared,- Spacing: 24’ x 24’- 5 blocks of 6 trees established in RCBD

Page 3: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Hendricks retired in 2001, ending the continuous data collection

Around the orchards 15th year, marginal leaf scorching started to appear on peach rootstocks

Possible differences in salt tolerance?

A little bit of background…

Page 4: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A little bit of background…Salt burn:•Accumulated amounts of salt within the tissue become toxic•Salts come from fertilizers, manures, irrigation water•Stresses the trees – makes them “work harder” for the water•Winter rains often leached salts out rooting profile•Growers can apply leaching fraction to reduce

Page 5: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A little bit of background…

Sources of Salt within rootstock trial:

• Fertilizer• Manures/compost• Irrigation water:

Sodium (meq/liter)

Calcium (meq/liter)

Magnesium (meq/liter)

Carbonate (meq/liter)

Chloride (meq/liter)

E.C. mmhos/cm

Well 6.35 2.10 5.59 0.00 0.63 0.28

UC Values 3.0 4.0

Page 6: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A profile soil sample will tell if salt is accumulating:

E.C. (dS/m) Sodium (meq/L) Chloride (meq/L)

1’ 0.19 0.55 0.31

2’ 0.19 0.82 0.30

3’ 0.81 3.12 0.94

4’ 1.25 5.05 1.24

5’ 0.93 3.96 0.93

UC Value <5.0 <5.0

A little bit of background…

Page 7: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A little bit of background…Leaf tissues were pulled from non-fruiting spurs in Mid-July:

Page 8: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

A little bit of background…

Sodium % Chloride %

None <0.25 >0.3

Increasing 0.25-0.40 0.3-0.5Severe >0.4 >0.5

Critical Values for July Leaf Sampling

Page 9: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Does the rootstock impact salt tolerance?

Sodium % within leaf tissues

A AA

B

B B BB

B B BIncreasing

Severe

P=0.05

Page 10: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Does the rootstock impact salt tolerance?

Chloride % within leaf tissues

B BB

BB

BB

B

AA A A

Increasing

P=0.05

Page 11: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Does the variety impact salt tolerance?Sodium Chloride

P=0.05P=0.05

BA

A A

NO YES

Page 12: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

What about yield?

P=0.05

A A

A

B

B

BB

Page 13: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

What about yield?

P=0.05

AA

BBBB

Page 14: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View - Lovell

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 15: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View- Brights Hybrid

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 16: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View - Halford

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 17: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View - Hanson

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 18: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View - Nemaguard

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 19: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Orchard View - Nemared

Carmel Nonpareil

Page 20: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Conclusions• Sampling of irrigation water, soil profile, and tissue

sampling should be done to monitor salt build up• Peach Almond Hybrids have a higher salt tolerance than

peach rootstocks• Yields after 20 years are higher on peach almond hybrids

than on peach rootstocks in the conditions of the trial.• Growers can use P/A hybrids to help manage salt in

orchards, BUT:– Many P/A hybrids are susceptible to ring nematode and

bacterial canker complex– It should not take the place of proper irrigation/salt

management – i.e. leaching coefficient

Page 21: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

Acknowledgements: Arnold Farms for hosting the trial, helping

with harvest, and maintaining the trial during the 7 year absence of a farm advisor.

Larry Burrows and Isaiah Pagani for crack out and harvest.

Online weekly update about almond production at www.thealmonddoctor.com

Page 22: Almond Rootstock Selection for Salinity Management - Doll UCCE

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