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alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele Chapter 2 Chapter 2 amniotic fluid amniocentesis Chapter 2 Chapter 2 androgens amniotic sac Chapter 2 Chapter 2 autism artificial insemination Chapter 2 Chapter 2 blastocyst autosome Chapter 2 Chapter 2
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Page 1: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

amniotic fluid amniocentesis

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

androgens amniotic sac

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

autism artificial insemination

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

blastocyst autosome

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 2: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

a member of a pair of genes.

a blood test that assesses the mother’s blood level of alpha-fetoprotein, a substance that is linked with fetal neural tube defects.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a procedure for drawing and examining fetal cells sloughed off into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

fluid within the amniotic sac that suspends and protects the fetus.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the sac containing the fetus. male sex hormones.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

injection of sperm into the uterus to fertilize an ovum.

a developmental disorder characterized by failure to relate to others, communication problems, intolerance of change, and ritualistic behavior.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a member of a pair of chromosomes (with the exception of sex chromosomes).

a stage within the germinal period of prenatal development in which the zygote has the form of a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

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cephalocaudal carrier

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

chromosomes chorionic villus sampling

(CVS)

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

congenital conception

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

cystic fibrosis critical period

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

DES diethylstilbestrol deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 4: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

a person who carries and transmits characteristics but does not exhibit them.

from head to tail.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a method for the prenatal detection of genetic abnormalities that samples the membrane enveloping the amniotic sac and fetus.

rod-shaped structures composed of genes that are found within the nuclei of cells.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the union of a sperm cell and an ovum that occurs when the chromosomes of each of these cells combine to form 23 new pairs.

present at birth and resulting from genetic or chromosomal abnormalities or from exposure to the prenatal environment

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

in this usage, a period during which an embryo is particularly vulnerable to a certain teratogen.

a fatal genetic disorder in which mucus obstructs the lungs and pancreas.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

genetic material that takes the form of a double helix composed of phosphates, sugars, and bases.

a synthetic estrogen that has been linked to cancer in the reproductive organs of children of women who used it when pregnant.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 5: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

dominant trait dizygotic (DZ) twins

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Down's syndrome donor IVF

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

embryonic disk ectoderm

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

embryonic stage embryonic disk

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

endometriosis inflammation endoderm

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 6: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

twins that derive from two zygotes; fraternal twins.

a trait that is expressed.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the transfer of a donor’s ovum, fertilized in a laboratory dish, to the uterus of another woman.

a chromosomal abnormality characterized by mental retardation and caused by an extra chromosome in the 21st pair.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the outermost cell layer of the newly formed embryo from which the skin and nervous system develop.

part of the blastocyst that differentiates into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the embryo.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the platelike inner part of the blastocyst that differentiates into the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm of the embryo.

the stage of prenatal development that lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy; it is characterized by the development of the major organ systems.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the inner layer of the embryo from which the lungs and digestive system develop.

inflammation of endometrial tissue sloughed off into the abdominal cavity rather than out of the body during menstruation; the condition is characterized by abdominal pain and sometimes infertility.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 7: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

estrogen endometrium

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

fetal stage fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

genetic counselors gene

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

genotype genetics

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

hemophilia germinal stage

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 8: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

the inner lining of the uterus. a female sex hormone produced mainly by the ovaries.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a cluster of symptoms shown by children of women who drank heavily during pregnancy, including characteristic facial features and mental retardation.

the stage of development that lasts from the beginning of the ninth week of pregnancy through birth; it is characterized by gains in size and weight and by maturation of the organ systems.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the basic unit of heredity. Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

health workers who compile information about a couple’s genetic heritage to advise them as to whether their children might develop genetic abnormalities.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the branch of biology that studies heredity.

the genetic form or constitution of a person as determined by heredity.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the period of development between conception and the implantation of the embryo.

a genetic disorder in which blood does not clot properly.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 9: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

HIV/AIDS heterozygous

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Huntington’s disease (HD) homozygous

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Klinefelter syndrome invitro fertilization (IVF)

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

mesoderm meiosis

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

mitosis miscarriage

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 10: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

having two different alleles.

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus which cripples the body’s immune system. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition in which the immune system is weakened such that it is vulnerable to diseases it would otherwise fight off.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

having two identical alleles. a fatal genetic neurologic disorder whose onset is in middle age.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

fertilization of an ovum in a laboratory dish.

a chromosomal disorder found among males that is caused by an extra X sex chromosome and that is characterized by infertility and mild mental retardation.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the form of cell division in which each pair of chromosomes splits so that one member of each pair moves to the new cell. As a result, each new cell has 23 chromosomes.

the central layer of the embryo from which the bones and muscles develop.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can sustain life on its own, most often due to defective development.

the form of cell division in which each chromosome splits lengthwise to double in number. Half of each chromosome combines with chemicals to retake its original form and then moves to the new cell.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

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motility monozygotic (MZ) twins

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

muscular dystrophy multifactorial problems

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

neural tube mutation

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

ovulation

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

phenylketonuria (PKU) phenotype

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 12: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

twins that derive from a single zygote that has split into two; identical twins. Each MZ twin carries the same genetic code.

self-propulsion.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors.

a chronic disease characterized by a progressive wasting away of the muscles.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a sudden variation in a heritable characteristic, as by an accident that affects the composition of genes.

a hollowed-out area in the blastocyst from which the nervous system develops.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the releasing of an ovum from an ovary.

an infection of the abdominal region that may have various causes and that may impair fertility.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

the actual form or constitution of a person as determined by heredity and environmental factors.

a genetic abnormality in which phenylalanine builds up and causes mental retardation.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 13: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

placenta placenta

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

premature polygenic

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

progestin prenatal

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

recessive trait proximodistal

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

rubella Rh incompatibility

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 14: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

an organ connected to the uterine wall and to the fetus by the umbilical cord. The placenta serves as a relay station between mother and fetus for the exchange of nutrients and wastes.

the organ formed in the lining of the uterus that provides nourishment for the fetus and elimination of its waste products.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

resulting from many genes. born before the full term of gestation. Also referred to as preterm.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

before birth.

a synthetic hormone used to maintain pregnancy that can cause masculinization of the fetus.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

from the inner part (or axis) of the body outward.

a trait that is not expressed when the gene or genes involved have been paired with dominant genes.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a condition in which antibodies produced by the mother are transmitted to the child, possibly causing brain damage or death.

a viral infection that can cause retardation and heart disease in the embryo. Also called German measles.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 15: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities

sex chromosome

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

sickle-cell anemia sex-linked genetic

abnormalities

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

stillbirth sonogram

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Tay-Sachs disease syphilis

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

testosterone teratogens

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 16: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

a chromosome in the shape of a Y (male) or X (female) that determines the sex of the child.

abnormalities that are transmitted from generation to generation and carried by a sex chromosome.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

abnormalities resulting from genes that are found on the X sex chromosome. They are more likely to be shown by male off spring (who do not have an opposing gene from a second X chromosome) than by female off spring.

a genetic disorder that decreases the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a procedure for using ultrasonic sound waves to create a picture of an embryo or fetus.

the birth of a dead fetus.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a sexually transmitted infection that, in advanced stages, can attack major organ systems.

a fatal genetic neurological disorder.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

environmental influences or agents that can damage the embryo or fetus.

a male sex hormone produced mainly by the testes.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 17: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

toxemia (or pre-eclampsia) thalidomide

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

ultrasound Turner syndrome

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

uterus umbilical cord

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

Page 18: alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)assay allele amniotic fluid ...college.cengage.com/coursemate/psychology/rathus_978128508400… · into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders.

a sedative used in the 1960s that has been linked to birth defects, especially deformed or absent limbs

a life threatening disease that can afflict pregnant women; it is characterized by high blood pressure.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a chromosomal disorder found among females that is caused by having a single X sex chromosome and is characterized by infertility.

sound waves too high in pitch to be sensed by the human ear.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2

a tube that connects the fetus to the placenta.

the hollow organ within females in which the embryo and fetus develop.

Chapter 2 Chapter 2


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