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Also known as transgenic
Genetically Modified OrganismsFoods
By: David & Samuel
Images
GMO Foods GMO Animals
•Glow in the dark pigs
•Salmon
•Apes with human genes
•Cows with human genes
•Goats with silk in their milk (Biosteel)
• Corn
•Canola
•Soybeans
•Cotton
GMO FOOD & ANIMALS
Definitions
• Agar- is a polymer made up of subunits of the sugar galactose, and is a component of the cell walls of several species of red algae that are usually harvested in eastern Asia and California.
• GMO- Genetically Modified Organisms • GRAS- Generally Recognized As Safe
• R&R- Round-up ready
Definitions
• Pathogen: An agent of disease. A disease producer. The term pathogen most commonly is used to refer to infectious organisms.
• Patho- means a disease.
• Gen- indicating a producer
• Genome- is a set of genes in a organism. The genes that you want to change.
• FDA- Food and Drug Administration.
Technology
• The new gene insertions are called transgenic or genetically modified organisms.
• The methods to this is through; transformation, injection, viral infection, or bombardment.
• Through DNA-coated tungsten or gold particles.• The two ways to do this is through a gene gun
(particle gun) or through bacterial vectors.
Gene Gun (Particle Gun) You have a bullet that is plastic,
containing the DNA pellets (containing the desired gene) of gold or tungsten particles
As it enters the cell at high speeds it leaves behind some of the DNA coating.
The pellets can travel at speeds around 1000ft/s
Bombardment
Is inserting into the cell similar to the Gene gun. Is also use to insert into living animal organs.
Transformation
• Same as Bombardment. • Transformation has three steps
• Arguably- leads to one or a few copies of engineered DNA to the plants genome. Keep the DNA intact.
• This causes tumors and galls this is where they insert the wanted gene.
• The Gene Gun• Protoplasts a cell gone through enzyme treatment to
get rid of its cell wall made by sugar polymers. • The plant as to be able to go through homologous
recombination. Some mosses can go through this.
Viral Infection Or known as viral carrierIt creates a virus and if infects a targeted
area.So the virus attacks the cell and replicates
this is when you add your selected gene in. GM DNA is 2-4 % different than the DNA of
the parent, this is due to unpredicted mutations.
Scientist took a human gene but in a single cell and the cell changed 5% of their expression.
GMO FOODS
Advantages
• Greater product yield• Could perhaps be
produced in larger amounts for less money through cloning
• Increased taste, colour, aesthetic appeal
• Easier for farmers to manage, and therefore grow for less
Disadvantages • World does not have a
food shortage, the world is just greedy
• Eventual adaptations and possible mutations of viruses and weeds
• Loss of natural elements, procedure, products
• Uncontrollable technology, replicates itself in nature
Resistance to pests
New viruses/weeds, which will increase development in
technology. Increases understanding of how the
body functions
Genetic pollution, cannot be contained by a fence, it
spreads through pollination
When problems occur they will be hard to stop, because
of the nature technology. I.e. The plants make more
than one copy of the viruses/weeds
Advantages Disadvantages
GMO FOODS
GM PLANTS• Do not need a permit if they meet these 6 areas
1. The plant is not a noxious weed
2. The genetic stuff introduced to it is safely placed into the plant’s own genome
3. The introduction is known and does not cause plant disease
GM PLANTS 4. GM plant is not toxic to non-targeted organisms
5. The gene will not cause new plant viruses
6. GM plant cannot contain genetic material from animal or human pathogens
Possible Actions Advantages More Jobs More foods Making under
developed countries slowly becoming more developed
Better nutrients in food
DisadvantagesSoil is damagedLoose wildlifeKill certain insects
like butterflies
Possible Actions Advantages Less pollutionLess environmental
problems Waste less time and
money Good For ethanol
fuel
Disadvantages Create pollination
pollution
Personal implications
Increase of income of certain farmers especially farmers that are powerful and bigger than usual family farms
But it can descended family farms losing your right to know about foods of today and have no right to choice between normal or GMO foods (which means no labels of products)
Personal Implications
It can cause diseases, cancers, birth defects, disorders and even developing defects as growing and aging which eventually killing people you care about or even yourself.
Soci
eta
l Im
plic
ati
ons
Thanks to GMO foods
we are losing our own
naïve plants and animals like cattle, corn, grains and other
foods that are not GMOPossible crime rates
for more money and
power in under developing countries
*Global Implications
*It can grow in just about everywhere in the world including drought areas and flooded areas as well.
*Getting people to be working as a more decent wage rate and can make the poor people like Kenya and other third world countries to have more nutritional and delicious foods for them.
*Global Implications
*Can cause illnesses and big companies want more. And people will have to work even when ill.
Interesting facts GMO Corn Hybrid Corn Native Corn
# of minerals
# of minerals are that digestible
Wild life choices
Interesting facts GMO Corn Hybrid
Corn Native Corn
# of minerals
8 8 32
# of minerals that are digestible
0 8 32
Wild life choice
3 2 1
Native Corn
Hybrid Corn
GMO Corn
Interesting facts
Interesting fact What seed did canola originate from?
Rapeseed Canola wheat
Which country came up with canola?
France
Canada
Brazil
Interesting Fact What was the main purpose of canola? Get rid of fatty acids to make it better to eat. What was other purpose of canola? Animal feed it is high in protein. Who is the biggest single producer of canola?
Canada United States Argentina
Interesting fact How much canola will be produced by 2015 in Canada ? 15 million tons 20 million tons 5 million tons
Interesting fact What can canola with stand? Canola can with standing herbicides. What was the main purpose of canola? Get rid of fatty acids to make it better to eat.
SOURCES
http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312650/food.htm
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/genetically-modified-foods-pros-and-cons.html
http://www.raw-wisdom.com/50harmful. http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GMO
s.htm http://www.downtoearth.org/blogs/2010-04/orga
nic/suggestion-evaluating-gmo-technology-dangerous-until-proven-safe
http://www.responsibletechnology.org/
SOURCES
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6383
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Genome
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/canola
http://gmo.wikidot.com/forum/t-293930
SOURCES
http://gmo.wikidot.com/forum/t-293930 http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-dna-particle-bom
bardment http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/
pages/Genetically_modified_foods_techniques http://terrektwo.hubpages.com/hub/List-Of-Genetically-En
gineered-Animals Jeffery Smith’s presentation: BIO-AG Educational Seminar,
Jan 18. 2012