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1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood โ€“ AlHaTorah.org http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood 1/2 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood Introduction WOODEN AND COPPER ALTAR In Shemot 27, as part of the blueprint of the Mishkan and in its courtyard, Hashem commands the construction of an altar made out of acacia wood (" ื™ื ๏ฌธ ื™ ๏ฌช ืฆ "ืข) and plated with " ืช ๏ฌช ื— "ื (copper / brass / bronze). ๏ฌช ๏ฌช ื• ื— ๏ฌฑ ื– ๏ฌพ ื” ื” ื™ ื” ื™ ื‘๏ฌตืข ื‘ ืจ ื— ๏ฌพ๏ญ‹ืช ืจ ๏ฌช ื ืž ื— ื• ืจ ๏ฌพ๏ญ‹ืช ื ๏ฌช ื ืž ื™ื ื— ๏ฌธ ื™ ๏ฌช ืฆ ืข ื— ๏ฌฑ ื– ๏ฌพ ืช ื” ื ื™ืช ๏ฌซ ืข ื•(ื) ืช. ๏ฌช ื— ืช๏ญ‹ ื  ื ื™ืช ๏ญ„ ืฆ ื™ื• ื• ืช ื  ืจ ืง ื™ืŸ ื™ ื” ๏ญ€๏ฌต ๏ญŠ ๏ฌพ ื™ื• ืž ืช ๏ญ€ ืข ๏ญ„ ๏ฌฑ ืœ ๏ฌฎืจ ื™ื• ืข ืช ื  ืจ ืง ื™ืช ๏ฌซ ืข ื•(ื‘) . ืช๏ญ‹ ืž ๏ฌพ๏ญ‹ืช ืง ื๏ฌซ๏ฌต. ืข ืŸ ื™ ืจ ๏ฌป ื” ๏ฌฑ ืช ๏ฌฏื” ื ืจ ืจ ื” ๏ฌช ื ืช๏ญ‹ ๏ฌป ื” ื ๏ฌซ ืข ืช ๏ญŠ ื— ื‘๏ฌตื‘ ืœ ื (ื—) This description raises some important questions: How could a wooden altar survive the constant sacrificial fire burning on its top? What does the term " ืช ื— ื‘๏ฌตื‘ ืœ "ื mean? EARTHEN AND STONE ALTARS Only a few chapters earlier, immediately following the Decalogue in Shemot 20, Hashem commands the nation to build him either an earthen or stone altar: ืœ ื› ๏ฌฑ ืจ ืง ืช ๏ฌฑ ื ื• ืื  ืช ืฆ ื ื™ ืž ืœ ืช ๏ฌช ื ื• ื™ ืช ืช ืข ื™ื• ื ืœ ืข ๏ญŠ ื— ื‘ ื– ื™ ื• ื” ๏ฌผ ๏ฌซ ืข ื” ๏ญŠ ืž ื“ ื— ื ๏ฌฑ ื– ืž(ื›) ื ื™ ื” ๏ฌผ ๏ฌซ ืข ื™ื ๏ญŠ ื  ื‘ ื— ื ๏ฌฑ ื– ื ืž ื ื•(ื›ื) . ื™ ๏ญŠ ื› ืจ ๏ฌตื‘ ื™ ืœ ื ื ื™ ๏ฌฏื‘ื• ืž ืช ๏ฌช ื™ืจ ื ๏ฌป ืจ ๏ฌฎื– ๏ฌช ื ื ืงื• ๏ฌพ ื”ื ืจ ๏ฌช ื™ ื ื— ๏ฌฑ ื– ืœ ืž ืช ืข ืข ืž ื” ื‘ ืœ ืข ื ืช ื•(ื›ื‘) . ื” ืœ ืœ ื— ๏ญŠ ื• ื™ื” ืœ ืข ๏ญŠ ืค ื  ื” ๏ฌฑ ืจ ื™ ื— ื™ืช ๏ฌป ื– ืŸ ๏ฌฒ ื” ืช ื” ื ื  ื‘ ืช ื™ื•. ืœ ืข ืช ื• ืจ ื” ืข ืœ ๏ฌฒ ืชThese verses present additional difficulties: What is the relationship between these altars and the one by the Mishkan? Why would Hashem give instructions to build the altar from one set of materials, only to replace them shortly afterwards with a different set of materials? What does " ื™ ๏ญŠ ื› ืจ ๏ฌตื‘ ื™ ืœ ื™ ๏ฌฏื‘๏ญ‹ื ื ืž ืช ๏ฌช ื™ืจ ื ๏ฌป ืจ ๏ฌฎื– ๏ฌช ืง๏ญ‹ื ื ๏ฌพ ืœ ื” ื› "๏ฌฑin verse 20 mean? Given that the priests wore pants (Shemot 28:42), why is verse 22 concerned about the revealing of nakedness that would result from walking up stairs to the altar? ADDITIONAL ALTARS In addition to these two general commands to build an altar, the Torah describes the construction of EN/HE [1] EN/HE
Transcript

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood 1/2

Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood

Introduction

WOODEN AND COPPER ALTAR

In Shemot 27, as part of the blueprint of the Mishkan and in its courtyard, Hashem commands the

construction of an altar made out of acacia wood ("ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื") and plated with "ื ื—ืฉืช" (copper / brass /

bronze).

(ื) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืืจ๏ฟฝ ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ ืจื‘ื•ืข ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืฉ๏ฟฝืฉ

ืืžื•ืช ืงืžืชื•. (ื‘) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืงืจื ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืคื ืชื™ื• ืžืžื ื• ืชื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆืคื™ืช ืืชื• ื ื—ืฉืช.

(ื—) ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืืชื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืื” ืืช๏ฟฝ ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื•.

This description raises some important questions:

How could a wooden altar survive the constant sacrificial fire burning on its top?

What does the term "ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช" mean?

EARTHEN AND STONE ALTARS

Only a few chapters earlier, immediately following the Decalogue in Shemot 20, Hashem commands the

nation to build him either an earthen or stone altar:

(ื›) ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืข๏ฟฝืชื™๏ฟฝ ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™๏ฟฝ ืืช ืฆืื ๏ฟฝ ื•ืืช ื‘ืงืจ๏ฟฝ ื‘ื›ืœ

ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™๏ฟฝ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™๏ฟฝ. (ื›ื) ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ๏ฟฝื

ืชื‘ื ื” ืืชื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื—ืจื‘๏ฟฝ ื”ื ืคืช ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืชื—ืœืœื”. (ื›ื‘) ื•๏ฟฝื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืžืข๏ฟฝืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืืฉืจ ๏ฟฝื

ืชื’ืœื” ืขืจื•ืช๏ฟฝ ืขืœื™ื•.

These verses present additional difficulties:

What is the relationship between these altars and the one by the Mishkan? Why would Hashem give

instructions to build the altar from one set of materials, only to replace them shortly afterwards with a

different set of materials?

What does "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™๏ฟฝ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™๏ฟฝ" in verse 20 mean?

Given that the priests wore pants (Shemot 28:42), why is verse 22 concerned about the revealing of

nakedness that would result from walking up stairs to the altar?

ADDITIONAL ALTARS

In addition to these two general commands to build an altar, the Torah describes the construction of

EN/HE

[1]

EN/HE

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national altars near or on top of two different mountains. The first of these takes place at Mt. Sinai in

Shemot 24, right in between the two commands cited above:

(ื“) ื•ื™ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”' ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื

ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ื”) ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื ืขืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืข๏ฟฝืช ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”'

ืคืจื™ื. (ื•) ื•ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื’ื ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ื ื–ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.

The second case is found in Devarim 27, where the nation is commanded to build an altar at Mt. Eival:

(ื“) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืชืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืจ

ืขื™ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื™ื“. (ื”) ื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ๏ฟฝื ืชื ื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื–ืœ.

(ื•) ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•๏ฟฝืช ืœื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ.

This latter altar bears some striking parallels to the verses in Shemot 20, as both refer to a stone altar and

the concern of a sword being used in the construction process. Is there a connection? What is the

relationship between the altars built at the mountains of Sinai and Eival and the altars commanded in

Shemot 20 and 27?

This question is asked by the .

EN/HE

EN/HE

[1] Tanchuma

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Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood

Exegetical Approaches

OverviewShemot 20 and 27 appear to be at odds regarding the materials from which the altar was constructed,

and commentators disagree as to how to reconcile the two accounts. The Mekhilta attempts to

synthesize them by suggesting that the altar was made of wood, but filled with earth. Many later

exegetes, though, understand that the two texts speak of different altars. Ibn Ezra explains that Shemot

20 speaks of the one-time altars at Mt. Sinai and Mt. Eival, while R. D"Z Hoffmann posits that Shemot 20

refers to altars built for private use rather than for the entire nation. Finally, the Hoil Moshe suggests that

the two chapters reflect a change in plans which occurred as a result of the sin of the Golden Calf.

Two Aspects of the Same Altar

This approach harmonizes the two sets of verses, suggesting that both refer to the altar of the Tabernacle,

and the command in Shemot 20 is merely presenting additional aspects which are not mentioned in

Shemot 27.

SOURCES: , , , , ,

, , , , , , , ,

, ,

The earthen altar is identical to the wooden altar in the Tabernacle, and it is called an โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”"

"earthen altar" in Shemot 20 either because the wooden altar was connected to the earth, or because it

was filled with earth. Thus, the verse in Shemot 20 is read as if it said: "a [wooden] altar [connected to or

filled with] earth you shall make for me". The Netziv attempts to support this position by noting that the

definite article ("ื”") affixed to the word "ืžื–ื‘ื—" in Shemot 27 hints to the reader that this altar is already

known from the earlier verse in Shemot 20.

R. Eliezer b. Yaakov in the Bavli associates this stone altar with the Tabernacle altars in โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

Shiloh, Nov, and Givon, as well as the Temple altar, which were all built from or filled with stones. The

Mekhilta, though, suggests that it refers to the stone altar built on Mt. Eival. Ralbag explains that a wooden

altar filled with earth was appropriate for a nation in transit in the desert, and it was replaced by more

permanent stone structures upon their entry and settling of the land of Israel.

R. Yishmael in the Mekhilta contends that this is one of three cases in which the word โ€“ "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

,should be construed as mandating an obligatory action "ื•ืื" rather than merely providing an option.

These commentators explain this phrase to mean that the altar was made of wooden boards โ€“ "ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช"

with a hollow inside (which was filled with earth).

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta DeRashbi Bavli Zevachim Targumim R. Saadia Gaon

Rashi Rashbam R. Yosef Bekhor Shor Rambam Chizkuni R. Avraham b. HaRambam Ramban Ralbag

Abarbanel Seforno Netziv

[1]

[2] [3] [4]

[5]

[6]

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Would a wooden altar not burn? According to , the wooden altar was hollow and filled with earth to

its top, and was thus less flammable.

No steps for modesty The Mekhiltas reinterpret this prohibition to refer to taking large steps. The priests

are not to use stairs so that they do not approach Hashem with a "haughty step" ("ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ืกื”"). Rashi,

though, maintains that there is some immodesty in walking up stairs, even though the priests are wearing

pants.

Location of command in Shemot 20 โ€“ It is unclear why only some limited aspects of the altar would be

mentioned already in Parashat Yitro, separate from the main commandment.

Different Altars

The commands to build an earthen or stone altar in Shemot 20 refer to altars which were distinct from the

wooden altar of the Tabernacle in Shemot 27. Commentators divide regarding the identities of the altars

mentioned in Shemot 20:

One-time National Altars

The commandments to build earthen and stone altars refer to the building of a special altar for each of two

unique covenantal ceremonies, one of which took place at the foot of Mt Sinai, and the other on Mt. Eival.

SOURCES:

.Ibn Ezra identifies the earthen altar with the altar Moshe built at Mt. Sinai in Shemot 24 โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”"

This altar is referred to by this name because it was actually made from earth.

Ibn Ezra identifies this stone altar with the only altar which the Torah explicitly states was to โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

be made of stone, the altar to be built on Mt. Eival described in Devarim 27.

The Altar in the Tabernacle โ€“ The altar in the Tabernacle was made of copper plated wood, rather than

earth or stone, and is thus unconnected to the altars discussed in Shemot 20.

One time commands for Moshe himself โ€“ According to Ibn Ezra, the commands of Shemot 20 were one

time instructions which were each to be fulfilled on a single occasion, and they were not intended for all

generations. Ibn Ezra in Yesod Mora further clarifies that the directive was issued to Moshe himself, and

was not a mitzvah incumbent upon the nation.

Ibn Ezra understands this phrase to mean that the Tabernacle's altar was hollow, and filled โ€“ "ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช"

with earth. He emphasizes, though, that this is not sufficient reason to call such an altar an "earthen altar",

and thus the altar of the Tabernacle cannot be the subject of the command in Shemot 20.

Would a wooden altar not burn? As the wooden altar was filled with earth, there was less concern of it

burning.

Rashi[7]

[8]

Ibn Ezra

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

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No steps for modesty โ€“ Since the altars in Shemot 20 were not part of the Tabernacle and the regular

priestly rites, it was necessary to include a warning not to use steps, so as to prevent immodest exposure if

their service was performed in robes (without pants).

Ibn Ezra explains that this refers to all the places in which Hashem โ€“ "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™"

chooses to have his glory reside, such as Shiloh and Nov. The verse is saying that if people visit (and

presumably sacrifice at) such places, then Hashem will visit and bless them in return. According to Ibn

Ezra, though, it is not clear why this is mentioned in Shemot 20, as it is unrelated to the altars being

discussed there.

to mean "and if" and explains that Hashem is telling "ื•ืื" Ibn Ezra understands the word โ€“ "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื—..."

Moshe that he presently needs to build an earthen altar, and if he merits to enter the Land of Israel, he will

then build a stone one.

Location of the command in Shemot 20 โ€“ Ibn Ezra suggests that the command to build the earthen altar

appears here because these verses open the unit that will climax with the Sinai covenant of Chapter 24, for

which this very altar is being built. According to Ibn Ezra, Hashem opens the unit by telling Moshe that

they are about to make a covenant which will necessitate an altar, and He then proceeds to relay the

content of the covenant. It is not clear, though, why Hashem also relayed the command to the build the

stone altar here, given that the covenantal ceremony at Mt. Eival takes place only much later.

Chronology of Chapter 24 โ€“ Ibn Ezra must maintain that the events of Chapter 24 occur in their

chronological place, and not, as others suggest, in Chapter 19 and before the giving of the commandments

in Chapter 20.

Private Altars

The verses which speak of earth and stone altars refer to private altars (ื‘ืžื•ืช), used by non-priests outside

of the Tabernacle and Temple, for both private sacrificial worship and the ritual slaughtering of meat for

personal consumption (ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื•ื”).

SOURCES: ,

According to Yefet the Karaite and R. D"Z Hoffmann, the command regarding the earthen โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”"

altar refers to the building of altars for private sacrificial worship outside the sanctuary. Both limit such

altars to places sanctified by Divine revelation ("ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™"), and to restricted time

periods (see below). According to R. D"Z Hoffmann, earth was chosen as the building material to

symbolize the temporal nature of these altars.

These commentators differ regarding the function of stone altars and how they relate to the โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

earthen ones of the previous verse:

Bamot for private sacrificial worship โ€“ Yefet asserts that the altars for private sacrifice could be

made from either earth or stone and that this verse, too, comes to permit such temporary altars.

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

Karaite exegetes R. D"Z Hoffmann

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Slaughtering ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื•ื” โ€“ Two other Karaites, Nahawandi and Hadassi, maintain that this verse is

referring to building stone altars for the slaughtering of non-sacrificial meat. They point to Shemuel I

14:32-35 as evidence, as there Shaul commands his soldiers to slaughter their sheep and cattle on

a large stone, instead of pouring the blood on the ground.

Permanent altars โ€“ R. D"Z Hoffmann suggests that this command refers to the permanent and

centralized altars of Mt. Eival, Shiloh, and the Beit HaMikdash. According to R. D"Z Hoffmann, the

earthen altars were allowed during periods of insecurity and unrest, but during eras of peace, only one

centralized altar was used. As it was meant to be a permanent structure, it was made of stone.

When and why were private altars allowed?

According to Yefet, sacrificing on a private altar was allowed only during periods in which the Ark was

separated from the Tabernacle. This is perhaps related to the idea that in such periods the Divine

presence was diffused among various locations.

In contrast, R. D"Z Hoffmann asserts that private altars were allowed during periods when a lack of

peace and security impeded travel to one centralized location.

The Altar in the Tabernacle โ€“ The command to build the altar of the Tabernacle is unrelated to the

commands in Shemot 20.

According to Yefet and R. D"Z Hoffmann, this phrase limits the โ€“ "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™"

permission for sacrificial worship on a private altar to sites in which Hashem reveals himself. Such a

dispensation also ceased to exist entirely once Hashem selected a single location for his presence ("ื”ืžืงื•ื

.("ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”'

According to Yefet, the verse is providing two equally valid options for the material from โ€“ "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

which one might build private altars. One can build from earth, or, if one prefers, from stone. R. D"Z

Hoffmann, in contrast, understands the word "ืื" to mean "when", and the verses to refer to two different

time periods.

R. D"Z Hoffmann follows the Midrash in explaining that the altar of the Tabernacle was hollow โ€“ "ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช"

and filled with earth. It is not clear how the Karaite commentators explain the phrase.

Would a wooden altar not burn? According to R. D"Z Hoffmann, the center of the altar was filled with

earth, so there was no concern of it burning.

No steps for modesty โ€“ Hadassi explains that the verse is directed at individual Israelites who would not

necessarily be wearing pants, rather than at the priests.

Change in Plans

The commands in Shemot 20 and 27 each refer to different time periods. Before the sin of the Golden Calf,

there were private altars which were made out of earth or stone. However, after the sin of the Golden Calf,

worship became centralized, and the lone sacrificial altar situated in the Mishkan was constructed of wood

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and copper.

SOURCES:

According to the Hoil Moshe, until the Sin of the Golden Calf, anyone was โ€“ "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื" and "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”"

allowed to build an altar wherever they chose. The verses in Shemot 20 delineate the requirements for

these altars: they must be made of either earth or uncut stones, and cannot have steps.

The Altar in the Tabernacle โ€“ Once the Israelites sinned with the Golden Calf, Hashem prohibited

personal worship, and required all sacrifices to be made in one centralized location, on the altar of the

Tabernacle. The altar specifications in Shemot 20 were not applicable to this later altar.

ื‘ื›ืœ" The Hoil Moshe suggests that this verse should be read as if written โ€“ "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™"

ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™". Before the sin, one was allowed to build an earthen or stone altar in any place

that one desired to call out in the name of Hashem.

This approach views the earthen and stone altars as two equal options given to the โ€“ "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื"

private sacrificer. He can choose to build either an earthen one or a stone one. The word "ื•ืื" is

understood simply to mean "and if".

No steps for modesty โ€“ Since the command in Shemot 20 applies to all private individuals (and not just

the priests who wore pants), it was necessary to include a warning not to use steps so as not be

immodestly revealing when clothed in robes.

.The Hoil Moshe does not explain this term โ€“ "ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช"

Would a wooden altar not burn? This position could simply suggest that since the Tabernacle's altar was

coated with copper, it would not burn. Further, the Hoil Moshe suggests that the "ื›ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—" was a copper

top for the wooden altar which might have further separated the fire from the wood.

The altars at Mt. Sinai and Mt. Eival โ€“ These two altars are unconnected to the commands of either

Shemot 20 or Shemot 27.

Changes in plans โ€“ This position assumes that sacrificial worship in the Tabernacle was not Hashem's

original plan. Originally, Hashem did not want to limit sacrifices to any individual group or place, as His

glory is found all over and is accessible to all. After the nation's sin, though, Hashem decided that the nation

was not worthy of such worship and needed limitations and safeguards. The Hoil Moshe does not explain

why the sin required that different materials be used when building the centralized altar in the Tabernacle.

One might propose that once there was to be just one centralized altar, Hashem desired it be built with

more precious materials.

Location of command in Shemot 20 โ€“ The command of Shemot 20 is found in its chronological place.

Chronology and the Tabernacle โ€“ This position assumes that the chapters discussing the command to

build the Tabernacle are recorded out of chronological order, as they were commanded only after the sin of

Hoil Moshe

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the Golden Calf (and the atonement for it).

Ibn Ezra notes the difficulty in this reading โ€“ see below.

His position is thus parallel to the earlier understanding of "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”".

See also Rambam and Ramban.

There is no Biblical evidence regarding the materials used in the construction of these altars. The Talmud

Bavli derives this from the triple repetition of the word "stones" in Shemot 20 and Devarim 27.

Cf. R"Y Bekhor Shor who emphasizes the need for a lightweight model which would be easier to transport.

See also Chizkuni who thus accounts for the holes in the altar ("ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืจืฉืช") through which the dirt would

pour out when the people would travel.

According to him, the verse refers to the altar at Mt. Eival which was obligatory.

This is explicitly noted by Abarbanel; cf. Seforno Shemot 30:1. For alternative approaches see ,

and also see Raavyah who suggests that the top of the altar was, in fact, made of wood.

See R. Avraham Maimonides and Ramban who attempt to address this question.

He points out how in both places the verses mention the sacrificing of burnt and peace offerings.

Ibn Ezra asserts that all Biblical altars are referred to by the material from which they were constructed,

and not based on with what their interior was filled. He thus suggests that the verse in Shemot 20 can merely

serve as an "ืืกืžื›ืชื" (textual hook) to teach that the Tabernacle's altar needed to be filled with earth, but is

not actually referring to that altar. See above for the Rabbinic interpretation.

The stone altar on Mt. Eival was also used for both burnt and peace offerings, as per Shemot 20.

This could perhaps also account for the switch to the singular forms of "ืชืขืฉื”". Ultimately, because of the

delay in entering the land, the stone altar on Mt. Eival was built only by Yehoshua, and thus, before his death,

Moshe transmits the instructions regarding the stone altar to the next generation.

Since Ibn Ezra views the two altars not as two potential options, but rather as two separate obligations, he

is forced into this somewhat more difficult read of the verse.

While the division of the parashot might suggest that the section of Shemot 20:18-23 concludes the story

of the Decalogue, Ibn Ezra instead suggests that it really introduces the new unit of Parashat Mishpatim which

details the laws which will form the basis for the covenant with Hashem at the end of the Parashah. [The laws

begin with the acceptance of Hashem as their sole God ("ื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืืชื™ ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ ื›ืกืฃ๏ฟฝ") and extend through Parashat

Mishpatim.] Cf. Cassuto who points out that this section opens with an introductory formula "ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื”"

whereas Parashat Mishpatim begins with a mere conjunction ("ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื"), suggesting that it is merely a

continuation and not a new beginning.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

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[7] Tanchuma

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In addition, when the full ceremony is commanded in Devarim, the instruction to build a stone altar is

repeated, making the command in Shemot 20 seemingly redundant. Yet, Ibn Ezra could potentially respond

that the initial plan (were it not for the sin of the Golden Calf) was for the nation to enter the land of Israel

immediately after Moshe received the Tablets of the Law. He might also explain that the need for repetition in

Devarim was because Moshe himself was no longer going to be fulfilling the command, and thus he needed to

transmit the command (he had been previously given) to the next generation of leadership.

He claims that the words, "We will do and we will hear" of Chapter 24 are not identical to the nation's

response in Chapter 19 of "We will do". The latter simply implied that the nation was ready to listen to Hashem,

whereas their statement in Chapter 24 implied a willingness to actually perform the various commandments

given after the Decalogue and in Parashat Mishpatim. Ibn Ezra (as opposed to those who hold that Chapter

24 is earlier) is, thus, able to maintain that the command to build the earthen altar preceded the covenant of

Chapter 24.

Yefet stresses that this refers only to non-obligatory and non-permanent sacrifices, and that this is

permitted only during periods in which the Ark is separate from the rest of the Tabernacle. R. D"Z Hoffmann

similarly asserts that such altars can only be built at certain times, when there is a lack of peace or security in

Israel. See below for elaboration.

According to Yefet, this includes: (a) any place in which there was a direct command to sacrifice (such as

the altar on Mt. Eival mentioned in Devarim 27:5-6 and Yehoshua 8:30-35, or the altar built by Gidon in

Shofetim 6:26-27), (b) any site in which the Shekhinah or an angel appears, and (c) any site where the Ark or

another vessel from the Tabernacle or Temple is present. Cf. the similar analysis of R. D"Z Hoffmann.

While verse 20 specifies that the earthen altars are for sacrifices ("ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืข๏ฟฝืชื™๏ฟฝ ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™๏ฟฝ"), this is

not explicit regarding the stone altars of verse 21.

See who also proves from the story that an altar is necessary when slaughtering ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื•ื”.

Unlike the Karaites, though, he limits this obligation to eras in which private bamot were permissible. According

to him, the leniency of slaughtering one's own meat without an altar is only applicable when such altars are "at

a distance", such as when there is only one centralized altar. In a period when everyone could build their own

altar for sacrifices, though, one had an altar readily accessible, and thus one was obligated to sprinkle the

blood of non-sacrificial meat there as well.

Yefet disagrees with this reading of the story and instead explains it in a way that aligns with his

understanding of the command to build stone altars. He suggests that Shaul was not simply slaughtering

regular meat to eat, but was rather sacrificing burnt or peace offerings, and thus needed an altar.

Thus, according to R. D"Z Hoffmann only the previous verse of "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”" refers to private altars.

Hadassi's position may be the exact opposite (but this requires additional clarification).

Thus, upon the nation's arrival in Israel, with the hope that tranquility was imminent, a stone altar was built

on Mt. Eival. Similarly, in Shiloh, the altar was built from stone, and finally, in Shelomo's time, too, the copper

altar was filled, not with earth (like the Tabernacle), but with stones. According to R. D"Z Hoffmann, then, the

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[18]

[19]

[20] R. Yosef Kara

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command regarding earthen altars in 20:20 relates to the era in which private altars were permitted (ื”ื™ืชืจ

while the command regarding stone altars in the following verse (20:21) relates to the period in which ,(ื‘ืžื•ืช

bamot were prohibited.

R. D"Z Hoffmann also discusses the status of the forty years in the wilderness, during which the nation was

in close proximity of the Tabernacle, but were frequently in transit (see above that the altar was filled with

earth because of this state of transience). He raises the possibility that private altars were allowed while the

nation was traveling, and were prohibited only while they were encamped. R. D"Z Hoffmann also opines that

the entire prohibition of such bamot arose only (in Sefer Vayikra) as a response to the sin of the Golden Calf,

due to the concern that a plurality of worship sites would lead to further idolatry. Thus, he asserts (presumably

based on Devarim 12:8) that by Sefer Devarim, the prohibition had already been nullified.

R. D"Z Hoffmann disassociates these commands, but still asserts that the altar of the Tabernacle in the

wilderness was also filled with earth to symbolize that it too lacked permanence.

See the note above for what this encompasses.

He asserts that both are valid unless a Divine command specifies which to use.

Since he understands that the verses refer to two separate obligations and relate to two different eras

(rather than being one command which can be fulfilled in two ways), it is difficult to explain the "ืื" as "if".

According to Hadassi, the verse refers to non-sacrificial slaughter. The Karaite commentary Keter Torah of

Aharon b. Eliyahu rejects this possibility since the verse specifies "ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™", but according to Nahawandi and

Hadassi even altars for regular slaughter (ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืขืจื™ื) could be termed "ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™".

See the extensive discussion of this possibility in R. D"Z Hoffmann's commentary and the array of sources

cited there.

The Torah then elaborates on the extra requirements for one who opts for the stone option.

For other cases in which the Hoil Moshe employs a similar methodology, see About R. Moshe Yitzchak

Ashkenazi and see the discussion of his position in An Eye for an Eye.

For a private individual building his own altars, this would have been cost prohibitive and impractical.

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Sources

Biblical Texts

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'-ื›"ื‘

(ื›) ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืข๏ฟฝืชื™๏ฟฝ ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™๏ฟฝ ืืช ืฆืื ๏ฟฝ ื•ืืช ื‘ืงืจ๏ฟฝ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช

ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™๏ฟฝ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™๏ฟฝ. (ื›ื) ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ๏ฟฝื ืชื‘ื ื” ืืชื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื—ืจื‘๏ฟฝ ื”ื ืคืช ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืชื—ืœืœื”.

(ื›ื‘) ื•๏ฟฝื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืžืข๏ฟฝืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืืฉืจ ๏ฟฝื ืชื’ืœื” ืขืจื•ืช๏ฟฝ ืขืœื™ื•.

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื“'-ื—'

ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”' ื•ื™ืฉื›ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืจ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ (ื“) ื•ื™ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื›

ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ื”) ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ืืช ื ืขืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืข๏ฟฝืช ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”' ืคืจื™ื. (ื•) ื•ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ืฉื

ื‘ืื’ื ืช ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ื ื–ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. (ื–) ื•ื™ืงื— ืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข.

(ื—) ื•ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ื–ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื“ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื›ืจืช ื”' ืขืžื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื'-ื—'

(ื) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืืจ๏ฟฝ ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ ืจื‘ื•ืข ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืฉ๏ฟฝืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืงืžืชื•. (ื‘)

ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืงืจื ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืคื ืชื™ื• ืžืžื ื• ืชื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆืคื™ืช ืืชื• ื ื—ืฉืช. (ื’) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืกื™ืจืชื™ื• ืœื“ืฉื ื• ื•ื™ืขื™ื• ื•ืžื–ืจืงืชื™ื•

ื•ืžื–ืœื’ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืชืชื™ื• ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ื• ืชืขืฉื” ื ื—ืฉืช. (ื“) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืจืฉืช ื ื—ืฉืช ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ืืจื‘ืข ื˜ื‘ืขืช

ื ื—ืฉืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืงืฆื•ืชื™ื•. (ื”) ื•ื ืชืชื” ืืชื” ืชื—ืช ื›ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืฉืช ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. (ื•) ื•ืขืฉื™ืช

ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ื“ื™ ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ืช ืืชื ื ื—ืฉืช. (ื–) ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฆืœืขืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื‘ืฉืืช ืืชื•. (ื—) ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืืชื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืื” ืืช๏ฟฝ ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื•.

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื—:ืž"ื‘

ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื‘ื“ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืขืจื•ื” ืžืžืชื ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื™ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื•.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื‘:ื'-ื™"ื

(ื) ืืœื” ื”ื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืชืฉืžืจื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ ืื‘ืชื™๏ฟฝ ืœ๏ฟฝ ืœืจืฉืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ

ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”. (ื‘) ืื‘ื“ ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ืจืฉื™ื ืืชื ืืช

ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจืžื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืชื—ืช ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ืจืขื ืŸ. (ื’) ื•ื ืชืฆืชื ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื—ืชื ื•ืฉื‘ืจืชื ืืช ืžืฆื‘ืชื

ื•ืืฉืจื™ื”ื ืชืฉืจืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉ ื•ืคืกื™ืœื™ ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื”ื ืชื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ืฉืžื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื. (ื“) ๏ฟฝื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืœื”'

ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื›ื. (ื”) ื›ื™ ืื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื›ื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื›ื ืœืฉื•ื ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉื ืœืฉื›ื ื• ืชื“ืจืฉื• ื•ื‘ืืช

ืฉืžื”. (ื•) ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื ืฉืžื” ืข๏ฟฝืชื™ื›ื ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื›ื ื•ืืช ืžืขืฉืจืชื™ื›ื ื•ืืช ืชืจื•ืžืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื›ื ื•ื ื“ื‘ืชื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ื›ืจืช ื‘ืงืจื›ื

ื•ืฆืื ื›ื. (ื–) ื•ืื›ืœืชื ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื›ื ื•ืฉืžื—ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื›ื ืืชื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื›๏ฟฝ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ. (ื—)

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 2/16

๏ฟฝื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. (ื˜) ื›ื™ ๏ฟฝื ื‘ืืชื ืขื“ ืขืชื” ืืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืœ

ื”ื ื—ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ ื ืชืŸ ืœ๏ฟฝ. (ื™) ื•ืขื‘ืจืชื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื›ื ืžื ื—ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื›ื

ืžื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ื›ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ื˜ื—. (ื™ื) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™ื›ื ื‘ื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืžื• ืฉื ืฉืžื” ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืืช

ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืชื›ื ืขื•๏ฟฝืชื™ื›ื ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื›ื ืžืขืฉืจืชื™ื›ื ื•ืชืจืžืช ื™ื“ื›ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื ื“ืจื™ื›ื ืืฉืจ ืชื“ืจื• ืœื”'.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื“'-ื•'

(ื“) ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืชืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื“ืช ืื•ืชื

ื‘ืฉื™ื“. (ื”) ื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ๏ฟฝื ืชื ื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื–ืœ. (ื•) ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”'

ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ ื•ื”ืขืœื™ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•๏ฟฝืช ืœื”' ื๏ฟฝื”ื™๏ฟฝ.

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื™"ื“:ืœ"ื‘-ืœ"ื”

(ืœื‘) (ื•ื™ืขืฉ) [ื•ื™ืขื˜] ื”ืขื ืืœ (ืฉืœืœ) [ื”ืฉืœืœ] ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืฆืืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจ ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืจืฆื” ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื. (ืœื’)

ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืœืืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืœื”' ืœืื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืชื ื’ืœื• ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. (ืœื“) ื•ื™ืืžืจ

ืฉืื•ืœ ืคืฆื• ื‘ืขื ื•ืืžืจืชื ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืœื™ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื”ื• ื•ืฉื—ื˜ืชื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืื›ืœืชื ื•๏ฟฝื ืชื—ื˜ืื• ืœื”' ืœืื›ืœ

ืืœ ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ื’ืฉื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืฉื. (ืœื”) ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”' ืืชื• ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื”'.

Classical Texts

ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™"ื

ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ

ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืฉื ื' ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• (ืฉืž' ื›"ื–:ื—'). ืื™ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื ื—ืฉืช ืžืœื ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืฉื ' ื›ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” (ืžืœ"ื ื—':ืก"ื“). ื•ื›ื™

ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืืœืฃ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืขืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื”ื•ื (ืžืœ"ื ื’':ื“'), ื•ืžื” ืช"ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื

ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ื ื’ื ื– ื–ื”.

ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืื ื•ืื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฉื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืœืฉื”, (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘':ื™"ื“) ื•ืื

ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื ื—ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ื”; ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื ื—ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ืš,

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื•, (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื‘:ื›"ื“) ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื” ืืช ืขืžื™ ื•ื’ื•', ื—ื•ื‘ื”; ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื

ืจืฉื•ืช, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜"ื•:ื—') ื”ืขื‘ื˜ ืชืขื‘ื™ื˜ื ื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™,

ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื•') ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื”, ืจืฉื•ืช; ืืชื”

ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืช"ืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”; ื•ืžื” ืช"ืœ ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื,

ืืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ืขืฉื”, ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื™ืขืฉื”; ื•ื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืื ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื”, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื.

ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 3/16

ืžื” ื ื' ืœืš ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ืžื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืช"ืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”' ืืœืงื™ืš ื›ืฉืชื›ื ืก

ืœืืจืฅ ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”. ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืชื—ืช ืขื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ

ื‘ืื“ืžื”.

ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื "ื—.

ื•ื”ืชื ื™ื: (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›') ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ โ€“ ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืื“ืžื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™

ื›ื™ืคื™ืŸ!

ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืก"ื:

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘: ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื”, ื“ืชื ื™ื: ืจ"ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ: (ืฉืžื•ืช

ื›') ืื‘ื ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–) ืื‘ื ื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–) ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื? ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื”, ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืช

ืขื•ืœืžื™ื. ืžืชื™ื‘ ืจื‘ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ืืžื™: ืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื” - ืœื ื ืกืชืœืงื” ืžืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™

ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” - ืœื ื ืกืชืœืงื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืžื ืฉื” ื•ืกื™ืœืงื”; ื•ืื ืื™ืชื, ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ืกืชืœืง

ืœื™ื”! ื”ื•ื ื“ืืžืจ ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ; ื“ืชื ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืื•ืžืจ: ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ ื•ืžืœื ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืก"ื:-ืก"ื‘.

ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืกื‘ื•ืจ: ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื˜ื•ื ื‘ืื“ืžื”; ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกื‘ื•ืจ: ืฉืชื™ื” ื›ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžืื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”? ืฉื”ื•ื

ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืœื ืข"ื’ ื›ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช.

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื ื™ืื•ืคื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื“ื‘ื— ืงื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืืจืขื ืชื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื™ ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ื™ ื™ืช ืขืœื•ื•ืชื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ื ื›ืกืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ืชื•ืจื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ

ืืชืจื ื“ื™ ืชื“ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืฆืœื• ืืชื’ืœื™ ื‘ืžืžืจื™ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื‘ืจืš ื™ืชื›ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื—ืœื™ืœ ืœื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืžืœื™ ืขืคืจื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื›ืžื ื“ืื—ืžื™ืชืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ืจื ื”ื™ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื“ื‘ื— ืงื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืืจืขื ืชืขื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื™ ื•ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ื™ ื™ืช ืขืœื•ื•ืชื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ื ื›ืกืช ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืขื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืช ืชื•ืจื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ

ืืชืจ ื“ืชื“ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืช ืฉืžื™ ืงื“ื™ืฉื ืžื™ืžืจื™ ืžืชื’ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื™ืชื›ื•ืŸ.

ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื™"ื

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 4/16

ื•ืฆืคื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื ื—ืฉืช ื"ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืืžืจืช ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืชื• ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ืืžืจืช ืœื™ ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืฉื•ืจืคืช ืืช ื”ืขืฅ,

ื"ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื” ืžืฉื” ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืืฆืœื›ื ืฉืžื ืืฆืœื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืืฉ ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื•ื›ืžื”

ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื’ ื•ื‘ืจื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื™, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื—) ื”ื‘ืืช ืืœ ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื’ ื•ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื“ ืชืจืื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื

ืงื“) ื”ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ืœื ื”ืืฉ ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื•ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉืขืœ

ืจืืฉืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื) ื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื’ื—ืœื™ ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืžืจืื” ื”ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื”ืœื›ืช

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื') ื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืจืงื™ืข ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ื ื•ืจื ื ื˜ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื”ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ

ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื•ื ืงื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืงื™ืข ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืื•ื ืงื•ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืืฉ

ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ืจืงื™ืข ืœืจืงื™ืข ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืงื™ืข ืœืจืงื™ืข ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื"ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืื‘ื

ืืฃ ื˜ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ืœื ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉ ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ืฉื›ืœื• ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉ ืฉื•ืจืคืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื

ืžื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืฉ ืœืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื• ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืืชื” ืžืชื™ืจื ืฉืœื

ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ืžืชื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื˜ื” ืื”ืจืŸ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื–) ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืžื—ืจืช ื•ื™ื‘ื ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืื”ืœ

ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื” ืคืจื— ืžื˜ื” ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ื•ื™ืฆื ืคืจื— ื•ื™ืฆืฅ ืฆื™ืฅ ื•ื™ื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืงื“ื™ื, ืืจื–ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื— ื—ื™ืจื ืžืœืš ืฆื•ืจ ืœืฉืœืžื”

ืœืžืœืื›ืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ื”ืจื™ื—ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื•, ื"ืจ ืœื•ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฉืœืžื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœ

ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืขืฉื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื‘) ืฉืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”' ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื• ื™ืคืจื™ื—ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ

ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื ืกื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจื—ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืžื ืฉื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืฆืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืกืชืœืงื”

ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ' (ื ื—ื•ื ื) ื•ืคืจื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืœืœ ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืœืืจื•ืŸ

ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืื—ืจ ืค"ื“ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื— ื—) ื•ื™ืืจื™ื›ื• ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืžืชื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ

ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืชื™ืจื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืจืคื• ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ืžื™ ืฆื•ื” ื”ืืฉ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืœืžื“ ืžืžืš

ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืœืฉืจืฃ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ืืฆืœื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›)

ื•ืžืฉื” ื ื’ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืขืจืคืœ ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“) ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื

ื ื›ื•ื™ืช, ื•ืœืžื” ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืืฃ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื• ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ื”ื ื—ืฉืช

ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ืขืจ ื•ืœื ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ืฉืจืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื"ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืขื‘ื”, ื"ืจ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื”, ื"ืจ ืคื ื—ืก ื‘ืŸ

ื—ืžื ืืช ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื ื”ืืฉ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืœืžืขืœืŸ ืœืฉืขื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื•ืง, ืืฉ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื–ื”

ื”ื™ืžื ื• ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื•) ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื• ื ื—ืฉืช ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื—

ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉื ื' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื—) ื•ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขืจืคืš ื•ืžืฆื—ืš ื ื—ื•ืฉื”, ืืช ืžื•ืฆื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ

ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืชื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื'

(ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื’) ืื– ื™ืขืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืืœืฃ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืขืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉืขืฉื”

ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉื ื' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ื“) ื•ื™ืขืฉ ืืช

ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืขืฉืจื™ื ืืžื”, ืจืื” ืžื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”, ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืฉื”ืืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื ื™ ื ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืืฉ ื•ืชื”ื ื ืฉืจืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœื“)

ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื•ืžื ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืฉื ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ืชื—ืจื‘ ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”.

Medieval Texts

ืจ' ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ืชืคืกื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 5/16

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.

ืจ' ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ืชืคืกื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœ.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืคืช ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'-ื›"ื (ื›"ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ 2466 ื“ืฃ 119ื-120ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸื”ืงืจืื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืจืืŸ ืขืž' 270-273)

ื‘ืืžืจื• "ื’ื•ืœื• ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื™"ื“:ืœ"ื’), ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ: "ืืช ืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™ืš" (ืฉืžื•ืช

ื›':ื›"ื). ื•ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืืŸ. ืœื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช

ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”'...

ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™" (ืฉืž' ื›':ื›'). ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืœื ืžื•ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”

ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”', ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช (ืื‘ื ื™ื) ื•ื™ื•ืงืจื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื

ืืฉืจ "ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืžื™". ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ ื•ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืขื•ื–; ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช

ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ื”ืžืœืืš, ื•ืื–ื™ ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—; ืžืขืžื“ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”' ืื• ื›ืœื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”'. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ "ืื–ื›ื™ืจ" (ืฉืž' ื›':ื›'). ื‘ืืฉืจ

ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”', ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”'"...

"ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›"ื‘), ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: "ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื•" (ืฉื

ื›':ื›"ื). ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘"ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื", ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืคืช ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›"ื (ื›"ื™ ืคื˜ืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื 51 ื“ืฃ 131ื‘-132ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸื”ืงืจืื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืจืืŸ ืขืž' 271)

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื: ืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื” ื”ื•ืงื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™

ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื™ืžื•ื”ื• ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืฉืื•ืœ,

ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ. ื•ืืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืจื• "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”". ืืœื ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ืžืกืจื”

ื‘"ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื" ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘"ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”". ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืงื "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื", ื‘ืืžืจื•: "ืื‘ื ื™ื

ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื•'). ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืœื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืื ื”ื ื• "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”" ืื• "ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืื‘ื ื™ื" โ€“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืคืช ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื–:ื'-ื˜' (ื›"ื™ ืคืจื™ื– 282 ื“ืฃ 97ื‘-99ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸื”ืงืจืื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืจืืŸ ืขืž' 274-275)

ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืจื—ืžื• ื”ืืœ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื•ื”. ื”ื•ื ื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™

ืฉืื•ืœ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื—ื•ืง, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื• ืืฃ ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง...

ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื ื–ืฃ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืืœ ื‘ืืžืจื•: "ืจืง ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช ืœื ืกืจื•, ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื

ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ื" ื•ื’' (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ื™"ื‘:ื“', ื™"ื“:ื“', ื˜"ื•:ื“',ืœ"ื”). ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ.

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 6/16

ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืคืš ืœืžื’ื•ื ื”. ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœืžื”: "ืจืง ื‘ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช" ื•ื’' (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื’':ื‘'-ื’'). ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื”

ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื’ื™ื ื” ื–ืืช ื”ืืœ.

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื™ืคืช ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื™"ื“ (ื›"ื™ ืคื˜ืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื 156 ื“ืฃ 85ื-86ื‘, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืœื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸื”ืงืจืื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžืจืืŸ ืขืž' 268, 278-279)

ืฉืื•ืœ ืืžืจ: "ื’ื•ืœื• ืืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" (ืฉืž"ื ื™"ื“:ืœ"ื’), ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—" (ืฉืž"ื ื™"ื“:ืœ"ื”),

ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื”

ืœื™" (ืฉืž' ื›':ื›"ื‘). ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืœื ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ืœืžืขืŸ ืืฉืจ

ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื”ื" ื•ื’ื•' (ื•ื™' ื™"ื–:ื”')...

ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื• ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืืจื•ืŸ ื”'

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืื•. ื›ืš ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ

ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืฉ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื•':ื™"ื-ื˜"ื–), ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื›':ื›"ื•-ื›"ื–), ื•ื‘ืขืช ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“

ืื“ื•ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื•':ื™"ื‘-ื™"ื’). ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืกืจ ืฉื‘ืžื›ืžืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”' ืขืžื, ื‘ืืžืจื•: "ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื

ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื™"ื“:ื™"ื—).

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืืช ื—ืœืœ

ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื ื™ื™ืชืŸ.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›"ื

ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืœ ืื ื•ืื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฉื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืฉืœืฉื” ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™,

ื”ืจื™ ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืชื‘ื ื” ืืชื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืช ืฉื”ืจื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื•') ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื‘:ื›"ื“) ืื ื›ืกืฃ ืชืœื•ื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื,

ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜"ื•:ื—') ื•ื”ืขื‘ื˜ ืชืขื‘ื™ื˜ื ื•. ื•ืืฃ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื•ื›ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘':ื™"ื“) ื•ืื ืชืงืจื™ื‘ ืžื ื—ืช

ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื• ืžื ื—ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืœืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช โ€“ ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื—ืœื™ืœ ืœื•ื—ื™ืŸ. ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืฅ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื ืขื‘ื™ื•

ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื•ืช ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืกื“ืŸ.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ':ื’'

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 7/16

ืืช ื’ื’ื• โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’, ืื‘ืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’, ืืœื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื—ืœืœื• ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื ื™ื™ืชืŸ.

ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืจื ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื™"ื“:ืœ"ื‘-ืœ"ื“

ื•ื™ืขื˜ ื”ืขื ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืœ ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืฆืืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืจ - ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืงืจ - ืขื’ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืจืฆื” ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื -

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ื“ื ื ืฉืคืš ืืจืฆื” ื•ืœื ื ืฉืคืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื - ืฉื”ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ

ืฉืœื ื ื–ืจืง ื”ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ืžืงืจื ื–ื” ื›ืžื• "ืœื ืชืื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื" (ื•ื™' ื™ื˜,ื›ื•), ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• "ืœื ืชืฉื—ื˜ ืขืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื“ื

ื–ื‘ื—ื™" (ืฉืž' ืœื“,ื›ื”), ืคืชืจื•ื ื•: ืœื ืชืฉื—ื˜ ืืช ื”ืคืกื— ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ืงื™ื™ื; ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ: "ืœื ืชืื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื" - ืœื

ืชืื›ืœื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื. ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื™: ื•ื”ืœื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื“ื? ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื‘ ืฉื™ืœื”

ื•ื”ื•ืชืจื• ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืจื• ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”, ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื—ื˜ ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ื›ืฉื‘ ืื• ืขื–, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืจืง

ืืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื”, ืื ืœื ื ื–ืจืง ื”ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืœื ื ืงื˜ืจ

ื”ื—ืœื‘; ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ื›ื™ ื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืš ื•ืืžืจืช ืื›ืœื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืชืื•ื” ื ืคืฉืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ"

ื•ื’ื•', "ื›ื™ ื™ืจื—ืง ืžืžืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš" ื•ื’ื•' (ื“ื‘' ื™ื‘,ื›-ื›ื)-ืœื ืืžืจืชื™ ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื—ืง ืžืžืš

ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื˜ื•ืจื— ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืฉืชืฉื—ื˜ ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ื›ืฉื‘ ืื• ืขื–; ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืš ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืืชื” ื–ื•ื‘ื—

ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ืžื”, ื•ืืชื” ืฉื•ื—ื˜ ืฉื•ืจ ืื• ื›ืฉื‘ ืื• ืขื– ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ ืืชื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืชืื•ื” ื•ื”ื“ื ืœื ื ื–ืจืง,

ื•ืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘"ืœื ืชืื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื". ื“ืข ืœืš ืฉื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื•ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืจืฆื”, ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืขืœ

ื”ื“ื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ืœื”' ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื, ืžื” ืชืงื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื”ื? ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื’ื•ืœื• ืืœื™

ื”ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืคื•ืฆื• ื‘ืขื, ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืืœื™ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื• ื•ืฉื—ื˜ืชื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืื›ืœืชื. ืคื•ืฆื• ื‘ืขื - ืคืชืจื•ื ื•:

ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืคื™ืฆื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื. ื‘ื–ื” - ื›ืžื•: ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• "ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื•ืื”" (ืฉ"ื ื˜,ื™ื), ืฉืคืชืจื•ื ื•:

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”; ื•ื›ืžื• "ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื–ื” ืงื“ื™ืฉื”" (ื‘ืจ' ืœื—,ื›ื); ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื ืชืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืจืฆื” ืžืขืชื”, ืืœื ืชืฉื—ื˜ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื

ื–ื”, ื•ื–ืจืงืชื ื”ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืชื—ื˜ืื• ืขื•ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื; ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืฉื—ื˜ื• ืืจืฆื” ืœืคื ื™ื

ืžื™ื›ืŸ, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื.

ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ื—ืœื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ื™ืœื‘ื‘. ื•ื›ืฉื—ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขืคืจ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ื•ื™"ื, ื›ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืข ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืขื“, ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ื•ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื• ืืžืจื•. ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื•ื ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช. ื•ืืžืช ืืžืจื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•. ืจืง ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœื–ื›ืจ

ื•ืœืืกืžื›ืชื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ื• ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืงืจื ืจืง ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช, ื›ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉืช ื ืขืฉื”.

ื’ื ื ืงืจื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื–ื”ื‘. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”, ื™ื”ื™ื”

ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื™ืžื• ื‘ื• ืื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื

ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ. ื•ืขืชื” ืืคืจืฉ. ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื™"ื ืœืคื ื™

ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื”. ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืืžืจื• ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ. ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืœ

ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื ืขืฉื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื˜:ื—'), ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื–'). ื•ืื ื™

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 8/16

ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืจืื™ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื• ืืœ ื”ืจ

ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขืชื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข ืชืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื˜:ื“'-ื”').

ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ืœื”. ื›ื” ืชืืžืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืฉื ื’'). ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืœื ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ืงื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืจืง ืœืฉืžื•ืข

ืžืคื™ื”ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ืœื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื•ื. ื•ื”ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื•ืืžืจื• ื ืขืฉื”. ื•ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืช

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื ืืœ ื”' (ืฉื ื—'). ืื– ืงื“ืฉื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื•.

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื’ืฉ ืžืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืขืจืคืœ, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื–ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš

ืœืžื•ืงืฉ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื’:ืœ"ื’). ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘. ื•ื™ื‘ื ืžืฉื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื’') ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ, ื•ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืกืคืจ ืœืขื ืืช ื›ืœ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”' ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ืฉื). ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉืชื—ืœืชื, ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืืชื™ ืืœื”ื™

ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'), ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื•

ื”ืฉื‘ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื’:ื“'), ืขื“ ื‘ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืชืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื‘:ื›"ื”), ืืœื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืงืœืœ (ืฉื ื›"ื–),

ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืขืจื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื,

ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื’'). ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื ืฉืžืข (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื–'). ื•ืคื™' ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ

ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื ืฉืžืข, ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ื›ืŸ

ื‘ืชื—ืœื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื˜:ื—'). ื•ื”ื ื” ืคื™' ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืื“ืžื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื. ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืจ

(ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื“:ื“'). ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืืŸ. ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืขืœืชื™ืš ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™ืš, ื•ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื

(ืฉื ื”'). ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง, ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”, ื’ื ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืืชื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'), ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื–ืจืง ืขืœ

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื, ืฉื”ืฉื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ืฉืžืจื• ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•...

ื•ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ โ€“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืืฉื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืœื”

ื•ื ื•ื‘ ืฉืขืžื“ ืฉื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ. ืื ืชื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื™, ื’ื ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›"ื

ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื” ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื•ืฆื•ื” ื”ืฉื, ืฉื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื

ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื• ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื”

ืฆื•ืจืš ืขื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื ืœืืจืฅ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ืฉื ื–ื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืื›ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื, ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ืื•ืžืจ ืขืฉื” ืขืชื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืื ืชื–ื›ื” ืฉืชื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ืื– ืชื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื:ื'

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื โ€“ ืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฉื”: ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ืขืžื ื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื˜ื–), ืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ื’ืฉืชื• ืืœ

ื”ืขืจืคืœ: ื›ื” ืชืืžืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉื, ื™ื˜). ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืžื”ื ื‘ืจื“ืชื•, ืฉื”ืฉื

ืœื‘ื“ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœืืœื”ื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ืจื”ื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ืช, ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•ื ืื– ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืœื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืœืืš ืœืคื ื™ืš (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›). ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืœื•ืœื™ื

ืžืืจืฆื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื ืฉื. ื•ื›ื›ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ: ื•ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ืืœื”ื™ื”ื (ื“ื‘ืจ' ื–, ื˜ื–).

ื•ื”ื ื” ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื

ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ.

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 9/16

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื•ืžืœืช ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช ื›ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืืจืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ื™ืœื‘ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื:ื™"ื‘), ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ื‘, ืขืœ ื“ืจืš

ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืจืืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื—.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืจ[ื™]ืง ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ื‘ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื:ื™"ื‘). ืื“ื ืจ[ื™]ืง ืžื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•.

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื ื‘':ื—'

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืฉื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ืขืช

ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืื—ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืœืชืช ื”ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ

ื ื—ืฉ ื ื—ืฉืช ื•ื›ื›ื” ืžืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืจืงื•ืขื™ ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืชื ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืฆื ืฆื ืช ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืžื˜ื”

ืื”ืจืŸ.

ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• โ€“ ืฉื™ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืœ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื ืงืœ ืœื ื•ืฉืื•.

ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื—ืœืง ื’ - ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืชื—

ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื”ื ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืกืœืžื ื“ืจื ื•ืžื”

ืกืœืžื ื“ืจื ืฉืชื•ืœื“ืชื• ืืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ืืžืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘

ื•ืžื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืืœื ื›ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื ืจ ื–ื”ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืœืื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ

[ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ืคืœื— ื”ืจืžื•ืŸ ืจืงืชืš ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ ืจืงืชืš ืืœื ืจืงื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืš] ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”. ื•ื”ืื™ ื“ื ืงื˜ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืœื

ื ืงื˜ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™

ืฉื [ืฉืจืฃ] ื ื—ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืœื ื—ืกืจื• ืžื™ืžื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’ ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื‘ื”

ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืืœื ื”ื“ืคื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืื“ืžื”. ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™

ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉืžืข ื™ืชืจื•. ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืืฉ ืœื ืงืจื‘

ืืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืจืื™ื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ' ื–') ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืืช ื’ื’ื• ื•ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื•' ืœื ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ

ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื’ ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืขืฅ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ืขืฅ [ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืฉืžื•ืช

ืœ"ื– ื›"ื•) ื•ื™ืฆืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื’ื• ื•ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื•'] ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื”ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืชืคืก ืžืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืื™ืœื•

ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืฉ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขืฅ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื—ืกืจ (ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฆืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื”ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื’ื•

ื•ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื’ื•') ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœื™ื• ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื’ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง

ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืขืฅ. ื’ื ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืขืฅ ื“ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืืœื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื’ื• ืœื ื—ืกืจ, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”

ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื ืžื™ ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช, ืืœื ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’. ื•ืžื”ืฉืชื ืžืชื•ืจืฅ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•

ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืืžื” ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืืžื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 10/16

ืฆื“ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ืืžื” ืขืœ ืืžื” ื•ืงื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื—ื ืžืงืฆืชื• ื—ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืื ื›ืŸ [ืื™ืš] ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื [ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื]

ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืชื›ื•ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ืœื ืชืฉืจืคื ื”, ื•ืื ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืœื™ื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ื™ืกื™ื. ื•ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื ื™ืกื™ื

ื“ืงื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœื ืงื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื’ ืืชื™ ืฉืคื™ืจ. ืืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืคืจ

ื”ืžืžื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ื ื”ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืจื’ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืขืžื• ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ื ื— ืืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื

ืฉืœื ื ืกืชืœืง ืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉื” ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืคืกื›ืชืจ ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืคืจืง ืงื“ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ

ืžืกื›ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื“ [ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืคืกื›ืชืจ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ]. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœื[ื™ืŸ] ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื‘

ืขื ื”ืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื“ืงืืžืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืขืžื“ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื ื—ืฉืชื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืš, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืžืชื—ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืœื ืื“ืžื”, ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืคืจืง

ืงื“ืฉื™ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›' ื›"ื) ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ืš [ื“]ืžื›ื™ืœืชืŸ, ื•ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื”ื›ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืขืฅ, ื›ื“ืคืจื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืขื™ืœ.

ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ืจื›"ื–

ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ื•ื’ื•' ืืžืจื• ื–ื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ืฉืืžืจ ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื•ื’ื•' ื–ื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื•ืœื™ื [= ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ]... ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ืืžืจ ื•ืœื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืืฉืจ ืœื

ืชื’ืœื” ืขืจื•ืชืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—ืš, ื”ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™' ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™' ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื‘ื“ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื›ื–ืืช.

ื›ื–ืืช ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœื™' ื•ืœื ืœื›ื”ื ื™' ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ืืช... ื•ืœื ืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™' ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ'

ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ื•ืœื™ื [= ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ].

ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื':ื™"ื’

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื ื™ื (ื’ื–ื™ืช) ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”

ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื•ื”ื• ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช

ืืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”.

ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช ืฉื™ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืœ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืงืœ ืœืฉืืช ื•ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ืขืช ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื—ืœืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืคืจ ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขืคืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ื

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืขืคืจ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืจืฉืช ื•ื›ืฉื”ื

ื ื—ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืœืื™ื ืื•ืชื•.

ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ืœื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื”ืจืžื™ื.

ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 11/16

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ โ€“ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจ"ื ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืืชื™ ืืœื”ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื

ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื ืืœื™ืš ืื ื™ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœืš

ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• (ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื›ืืŸ) ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืฆื•ืช

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื ืœืืžืจ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืฉื ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืœืฉื“ื™ื

ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื.

ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›"ื

ื•ื˜ืขื ื•ืื โ€“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื–ื›ื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,

ื”ืฉืžืจ ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื” ืืชื”ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืช ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ืกื“ืจ

ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื“ ื“) ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกื“ืจืŸ, ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจืชื™

ืขืžื›ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืœื”ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื–ื”ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ ื•ืœื–ื‘ื•ื—

ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ื›ื™ ืื‘ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ืžืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช

ืชื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืชื—ืช, "ื•ืื–ื›ื™ืจ" ืžืŸ ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื™ื‘ืจืš (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื™ื‘).

ืจืœื‘"ื’ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'-ื›"ื

(ื›) ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืงืจืงืข, ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ

ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื”, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืชืŸ ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื›ื™

ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืชื–ื‘ื— ืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืฉืœืžื™ืš, ื•ืฆืื ืš ื•ื‘ืงืจืš

ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื; ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื–ื‘ื™ื—ืช ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื™ืชื‘ืืจื•

ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื. ื•ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ, ืฉื ืชื“ื‘ืง ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื™ ื•ืื‘ืจื›ืš, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื

ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืื• ืฉืคืœ, ื›ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื ืื ื™ ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื”; ื•ืœื–ื” ืœื ืืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืืจืฅ.

(ื›ื) ื•ืื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขืช ืฉืชื‘ื ื” ืœื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ืš ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ื—ืฉืช, ื›ืžื•

ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืื—ืจ ื–ื” (ืฉืž' ืœื—,ื-ื–), ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ืขืžื”ื ื‘ืœื›ืชื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ; ื•ืืžื ื ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ "ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš" (ื“ื‘' ื›ื–,ื•) โ€“ ื”ื ื” ืชื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืื– ืœื”ืžื ืข ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”

ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืš ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืคืช ื—ืจื‘ืš ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื, ื—ืœืœืช ืื•ืชื”.

ืจืœื‘"ื’ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• โ€“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ืขืฉื” ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืžื”

ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœ. ื•ืืžื ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ืœื” (ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™"ื‘:ื˜'), ืขืฉื•

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืื‘ื ื™ื, ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ืœื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” "ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื ื” ืืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื

ื›"ื–:ื•').

Modern Texts

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http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 12/16

ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–

ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™' ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื’ื’ื• ื›ื™ ื™ืžืœืื•ื”ื• ืขืคืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืž' ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืžืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉืจืฃ ื•ื ืฉื—ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฉ

ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื ืชื›ื‘ื”.

ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžื›ืกื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืื” ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื”ืจ. ืฉื™ืžืœืื• ื—ืœืœื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื ื™ื™ืชื,

ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืงื“.

ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ':ื'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืงื˜ืจ ืงื˜ืจืช. ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื• ืžืขื˜ ืืฉ ืœืงื˜ืจืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœ ื•ืœืžืœืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ื›ืžื•

ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ืฆืคื•ื™ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘,

ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฉ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืืช ื’ืจื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฅ.

ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”. ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืข"ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืข"ื’ ื‘ืกื™ืก. ื“"ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžืžืœืื™ื ื—ืœืœื• ื‘ืื“ืžื”

(ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืžื›ื™ืœืชื), ืœืคื™' ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ื›ื ืฃ, ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืืคื•ื“, ืฉืคื™' ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืฃ, ื—ืฉื‘

ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืคื•ื“, ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”. ื•ืœืคื™' ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช, ื”ืชื ื ืงืจื ืข"ืฉ

ืฆืคื•ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ื›ื ืข"ืฉ ืžืœื•ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื™ืงืจื ืข"ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืงื˜ืจืช

ืข"ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื ืงืจื ื’ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืข"ืฉ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ

ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ืข ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ื.

ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” โ€“ ืœื™: "ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื ื ื• ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ืŸ" (ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื

ื "ื—.); ื•ื›ืŸ: "ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜ืคื—" (ืจ"ืฉ ืื”ืœื•ืช ื˜':ื˜"ื• ื•ืขื™' ืžืฉื ื” - ืœืžืœืš ื”ืœ' ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”

ืค"ื ื”ื™"ื’). ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืชืœื•ืœื™ืช ืื“ืžื” ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœื” - "ื ื‘ื•ื‘

ืœื—ืช" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›"ื–:ื—' ื•ืขื™' ืคื™' ืฉื).

ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ืช. "ื ื‘ื•ื‘" ื ื–ื›ืจ ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื: "ื•ืื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ื™ืœื‘ื‘" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™"ื:ื™"ื‘), ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• - ื—ืœื•ืœ. ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื’ื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืง. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ ืžืขืœ ืขืจื™ืžืช ืื“ืžื”, ื›ืคื™

ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื›':ื›"ื. ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”", ืฉื ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืื–

ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื "ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื". ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื”, ื ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ - ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื“ืžื”,

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 13/16

ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื ืชืŸ (ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืก"ื:).

ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื'

ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื™ื‘ืขื™. ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืฉ"ื” ื‘ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ

ื›ืืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืžืœืื ื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ "ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืื“ืžื”".

ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื–:ื—'

ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืช. ืœื ืฉื™ืžืœืื• ืขืคืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืกืชืžื• ื‘ื ืกืจื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืคืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื. ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื•

ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืชื•ื— ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื ืื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžืœืื• ืื“ืžื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื

ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™' ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื“ื "ื— ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืก"ืค ื™ืชืจื• ืจื™"ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™

ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ื• ืข"ื’ ื›ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืข"ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืคืจ ืฉื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืขืฉื”

ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ. ื•ื›ืžืฉ"ื› ื”ืชื•ืก' ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืž"ื• ื‘' ื‘ื“"ื” ื”ืœื™ืฉื”.

ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ื•ื’ื•', ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“

ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœื—ืŸ, ืžื ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืจ, ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื ื—ืฉืช? ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืžื”

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ, ื›ืืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ (ืžื”ืจ"ืจ ืžืฉื” ืขืจืขื ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืœื•ื™, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฉื);

ืž"ืž ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืืœ ื™ืช"ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืคืฆื• ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื›ื™ ืžืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื›ืœ

ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื ื“ื‘ื” (ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื™ื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื), ื•ืžืฉืงืœืงืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืคืฉื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื•

ืžื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจื”, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืืช ื”', ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•ื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื–ืžื” ื•ื—ืจืคื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืืช

ืืœื”ื™ื”ื.

ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ โ€“ ืืœ"ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืช"ื•, ื•ื›ืžื”ื• ื•ืชื—ืก ืขืœื™ืš (ืฉ"ื ื›"ื“ ื™"ื“), ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืฉื“"ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ื”' ื•') ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื—ืจื‘ ืืจื™ืง ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืจื’ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื“ืชื“ื›ืจื• ื™ืช ืฉืžื™, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ

ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช.

ืจื“"ืฆ ื”ื•ืคืžืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›':ื›'

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™ โ€“ ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ. ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืžืก' ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื

ื "ื—.) 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™' โ€“ ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื ื”ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื'. ื‘ืจื ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื”

ืืœื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ

'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”', ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืฉื•ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื›ืฉื ืฉืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืฉื•ื™

ืื‘ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืจ' ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื: 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ื—ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื•' (ื›"ื–:ื—')

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 14/16

ื•ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืžืชืจื’ื ืฉื 'ื—ืœื™ืœ ืœื•ื—ืŸ ืžืœื™ ืขืคืจื ืชืขื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืชื™ื”'. ื•ื”ื ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช

ืืžื ื ืžื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืžืœื™ื 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื”.

ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืื“ืžื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืื‘"ืข ื›ืืŸ,

ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื' ื›ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืก' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื

(ื›"ื–:ื”'-ื•') ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืื‘ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืจืื‘"ืข ืฉื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืขื

ืจื“ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ, ื”ืฉื•ื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›"ื“:ื“', ื›ื™ ืฉื ื ืืžืจ 'ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื', ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื›ืืŸ

'ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ืš ื•ืืช ืฉืœืžื™ืš'.

ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช ืขืœื™ื• โ€“ ืื ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ 'ื•ื–ื‘ื—ืช' ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ืฉื—ื˜ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ 'ืขืœื™ื•' โ€“ ืœื™ื“ื•,

ื•ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื: 'ื›ื ื’ื“ื•'.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื’ื•' โ€“ ืกื™ืคื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™, ืฉื ืืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื

ืืœื™ืš, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืื‘"ืข "ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืืฉื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื™, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ื ื•ื‘, ืฉืขืžื“ ืฉื ื”ืืจื•ืŸ,

ืื ืชื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื™, ื’ื ืื ื™ 'ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš'." ื”ืคืกื•ืง 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ื

ืื—ืจ 'ืœื ืชืขืฉื•ืŸ ืืชื™' ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื” ื ื–ืจืง ื“ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”' ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ

ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•. ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ, ื›ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ 'ืืœื”ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื–ื”ื‘' ื•ื’ื•' ืื™ืŸ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืชื•ื•ืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ

ืžืงื•ื ืื‘ื•ื ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื›ื›ื. ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื™ื 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ื•ืขื“ 'ื•ืืช ื‘ืงืจืš' ืžืฉื•ื ืžืืžืจ

ืžื•ืกื’ืจ, ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื 'ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื' ื•ื’ื•' ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ืืœื”ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื–ื”ื‘' ื•ื’ื•'. ื‘ืจื, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื โ€“ 'ื•ืื

ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™' ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืœื™ื 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”', ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” 'ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื' ื•ื’ื•' ืžื•ืกื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ืš ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘

ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ืื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจื“ืชื• ืžืกื™ื ื™. ื‘ื™ืืจื ื•, ื›ื™ 'ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื' ื”ืืžื•ืจ

ื›ืืŸ ืžื•ืกื‘ ืขืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืจื, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ื–ื” 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”', ื”ื’ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžื™ืœืื•ื”ื• ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข

ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื ืฉืชื“ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ืžื–ื” ื•'ืžื–ื‘ื—

ืื‘ื ื™ื' ืžื–ื”.

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืฉ"ืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื™ืคื” ืืช ืžืฉืžืข ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืืœ

ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืืœื™ื• ื™ืช'. ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืœื™ ืื“ืžื”. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืฃ

ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืœื™ ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชืœ-ืื“ืžื” ืืจืขื™, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืง

ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื—ืกืจ-ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืื—ืจ โ€“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื•

ื™ื ื—ื™ืœ ื”' ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”

ืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืœืฉืขืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืขื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืœืืช

ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ืžืกืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืื™ืŸ

ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืื™ืคื” ื–ื•.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชืœ ืื“ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืชืชื ื”ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” โ€“ ื‘ืื•ืจื—

ืืจืขื™ โ€“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื•ืžืžื ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ื•. ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืงื•ื

ืื—ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 15/16

ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช,

ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• 'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™... ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื™ืš'.

ืืžื ื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”' ื™ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ื•ืื›ืŸ

ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”. ื‘ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžืœืืš ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืฉื

ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื• ืœื”' (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘':ื'-ื”'); ืžืœืืš ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœื• ืœื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืคืจื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื— (ืฉื ื•':ื›"ื“) ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”

ืœื–ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉืžื ื•ื— ื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืืš (ืฉื ื™"ื’:ื™"ื˜).

ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืืกืคื• ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืืœ, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืฉื›ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช โ€“ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื

ื›':ื›"ื•-ื›"ื–; ื›"ื:ื“'). ืืกื™ืคื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืคื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื' ื–':ื˜'). ื’ื

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ืฉื ื˜':ื™"ื‘), ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื

ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ (ืฉื ื™"ื’:ื˜'). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”' ื–ื•ื‘ื— ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืœื—ื (ืฉื ื˜"ื–:ื”'), ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื‘ืžื” โ€“ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืขื•ื“

ืžืื– ื ืžืฉื— ืฉื ื“ื•ื“ ืœืžืœืš (ืฉื ืฉื ื™"ื’), ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื•ื‘ื— ืฉื, ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื• (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื˜"ื•:ื–'

ื•ืื™ืœืš). ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจื ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื” ืฉื ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”', ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ืฉื

ื›"ื“:ื™"ื–-ื›"ื”). ื‘ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื’':ื“'), ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื“

ืืฉืจ ืฉืงื˜ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉืจื•ื‘ืŸ

ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ืžื”ืจ, ืขืงื‘ ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉืขื”, ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืจืง ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ืœืงื‘ืข ื ื‘ื ื•

ืžืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ. ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืœื™ื

'ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื”' ืฉื‘ื›ืืŸ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“,

ืœื›ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืœ ื”ื ื—ืœื”. ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื›ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืื™ืœื•

ื”ืœื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืจืš ื”', ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื”'; ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

ื—':ืœ"ื) ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืขืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ื“

ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืืš ื—ื˜ืื™ ื”ืขื ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื•

ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื™ืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช, ืืš ืžื•ืœื ืื“ืžื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื’ื ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช

ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืœื ืื‘ื ื™ื โ€“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช. ื•ื”ื ื”, ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืกืจื”

ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ืžื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืื“ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™"ื–:ื’'-ื”'), ืืš ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ื”ืœ-ื”ืžื•ืขื“

ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ ืงื“ื ืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ืชื” ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื“ืื’ื”, ืฉืžื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™

ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—"ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืข"ื–, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืก' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื™"ื“ ืžืฉืชืžืข, ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืกืข ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ

ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื”. ื’ื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžืกืข

ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจืง, ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—-ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืงื ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. ืจืง

ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืกืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ โ€“ ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื”. ื•ื›ืืŸ

ื ื™ืžื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—"ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืข"ื–, ืืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื-ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ

ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ โ€“ ื›ืžื• ืœืืœื™ืœื™ ืข"ื– โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื“ื ื™ืจืฆื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ

ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืก' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืคืจืง ื™"ื‘) ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• โ€“ 'ื•ืื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื™' โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—

ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ืžื• 'ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื', ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืžื• 'ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ'.

ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื–:ื“') ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจื

1/30/2014 Altars of Earth, Stone, and Wood/5 โ€“ AlHaTorah.org

http://alhatorah.org/Altars_of_Earth,_Stone,_and_Wood/5 16/16

ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ โ€“ ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืืžื ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื”. ื‘ืจื, ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™, ืื—ืจื™

ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ื™ืช' ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื”, ื•ืœืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“

(ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™"ื—:ื') ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž"ื˜:ื™') โ€“ ื‘ืฉื ืฉื™ืœื”, ืขื™ืจ

ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ืœื—ื˜ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื–, ื•ืœืžืจื“ ื‘ื• ื™ืช', ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืœื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื ืฉืชื ื”; ื”ื™ื•

ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช. ื”' ื ืชื’ืœื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฉื ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื“ื—ื” โ€“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขืœื™

ื”ื›ื”ืŸ โ€“ ืืช ืฉื™ืœื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืืช ืขืžื• ื•ืžืกืจื ืœื—ืจื‘ ื•ืœืฉื‘ื™; ื”ืฉื•ื” ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื–':ื™"ื‘ ื•ืื™ืœืš; ื›"ื•:ื•'; ืชื”ืœื™ื

ืข"ื—:ื "ื˜-ืก"ื•. ืžื›ื” ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืžื–ื‘ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื,

ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื โ€“ ื›ื ืจืื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืจืง ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืงื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื—ื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื›ืจื• ื›ืžืงื•ื

ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืœืชืžื™ื“ โ€“ 'ืœืฉื•ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื' (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื˜':ื’').


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