Date post: | 31-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | vanessa-payne |
View: | 213 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall1
The Process of Information System Planning
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall2
What Is an Information Systems Plan?
Information systems planning should be an integral part of business planning Business planning – the process of identifying
the firm’s goals, objectives, and priorities + developing action plans for accomplishing them.
Information systems planning – the part of business planning concerned with developing the firm’s information systems resources
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall3
Challenges in Business Planning
Foreseeing and assessing opportunities Assuring consistency with organizational
plans and objectives Building systems Maintaining information system
performance Collaborating with IT professionals
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall4
Principles for IS Planning
Support the firm’s business strategy with appropriate technical architecture
Evaluate technology as a component of a larger system
Recognize life cycle costs, not just acquisition costs
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall5
Design information systems to be maintainable
Recognize the human side of technology use
Support and control the technical system
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall6
Planning Role of the IS and User Departments
The IS department is responsible for producing the IS plan in conjunction with the user departments
Chief information officer (CIO)Chief information officer (CIO) Leads the IS function, and is responsible for
making sure that the IS plan supports the firm's business plan
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall7
User roles in IS planning – roles: SponsorsSponsors – senior managers who make sure
resources are allocated for building and maintaining the system
ChampionsChampions – individuals that recognize the importance of an IS, and exert effort to make sure that others share that recognition
IS steering committeesIS steering committees – make sure that the IS reflects business priorities
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall8
Allocating Resources Between New and Old ISs
Maintaining existing ISs and supporting users User support projects Enhancements Bug fixes
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall9
New development, infrastructure, and other projects Major new applications projects IT infrastructure Research projects
Pilot project
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall10
Project Roles of IT Professionals
Project managers Application
programmers System analysts Programmer-
analyst Technical writers
Computer operators
Database administrators
System managers System
programmers User support staff
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall11
Strategic Alignment of Business and IT
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall12
Figure 11.3
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall13
Consistency With Business Priorities
Critical success factors (CSF) – the things that must go right for a business to succeed Identify the firm’s primary mission and the
objectives that determine satisfactory overall performance
Executives identify a relatively small number of CSFs
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall14
Reengineering and Downsizing
Business process reengineering (BPR)Business process reengineering (BPR) – the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance Difficult and risky
DownsizingDownsizing – improve process efficiency by reducing the number of people involved in the process
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall15
Enterprise-wide and Interorganizational Systems
Interorganizational systems – reflect the customer and supplier aspects of the integration issues addressed by ERP systems Integration between ERP packages and
supply chain management Virtual organizations – major aspects of
core processes are outsourced to companies that specialize in these areas
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall16
Information System Architecture
The basic blueprint showing how the firm’s data processing systems, networks, and data are integrated
Must incorporate legacy systems Old, and often obsolete systems that are still
in use Computing platformComputing platform
The basic types of computers, operating system, and network
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall17
Centralization vs. Decentralization
Location of hardware and data Corporate headquarters Regional processing centers Site processing centers Department processors Work group processors Individual workstations
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall18
Standards, ownership, and guidelines for action
Position of the IS staff
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall19
Describing a Business-driven Infrastructure Figure 11.5
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall20
Outsourcing
A long-standing practice in IS departments Application service provider (ASP) Application service provider (ASP)
Operate a firm’s application on remote servers on a WAN
Advantage: the firm no longer needs to install and maintain the software
Disadvantage: the firm has less control over the application, and may have difficulty transferring to another ASP if needed
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall21
International Issues
Technical incompatibilities Social and political issues Telecommunication issues
Transborder data flow Economic issues
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall22
Selecting Systems to Invest In
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall23
Cost/Benefit Analysis
The process of evaluating proposed projects by comparing estimated benefits and costs
Key issues: Tangible and intangible benefits Tendency to understate costs Timing of costs and benefits
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall24
Risks
Desired benefits are not achieved The project is late and/or over budget The system’s technical performance is
inadequate User acceptance is low Shifting priorities reduce the project’s
importance, etc.
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall25
Financial Comparisons
Some common criteria used for comparing and ranking projects: Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of return (IRR) Payback
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall26
Project Management Issues
Division of labor between the IS department and users
Keeping the project on schedule Goals, deliverables, schedules Challenges in information system projects
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall27
Systems Analysis Revisited
Alter – Information Systems© 2002 Prentice Hall28
Information Sources for Analyzing Systems
Interviews Inputs, outputs, and documentation of
existing systems On-site observation Questionnaires Benchmarking