Date post: | 03-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | bianca-clark |
View: | 26 times |
Download: | 2 times |
ALTERNATIVE POWER
Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering 2002 Student Conference
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
March 15 - 17, 2002
Doug Heaton P. Eng.Project Development Manager
EPCOR Utilities Inc.
Alberta’s restructuring experience:
Fundamental principles behind restructuring are sound
Prices will stabilize with more generation coming on stream
Despite California, no one has stopped deregulating. In fact Ontario will move ahead in 2nd Quarter, 2002
ALTERNATIVE POWER
CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Generationgenerates electricity
Distribution &
Transmission (wires) transmits electricity to provincial grid system; distributes electricity to
consumer; manages and reads meters
Deregulated Regulated Deregulated
Retailsells electricity, customer
service, billing and administration: takes
electricity from source to end user
ALTERNATIVE POWER
CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
2000 Energy Source Profile for North America
A diverse fuel mix is desirable to ensure:
Security of energy supply
Power price stability
System reliability
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Energy Sources for Alternative Power Generation
Wind Solar Coalbed methane Small hydro (run-of river water) Biomass Biogas (agricultural) Landfill gas
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Today’s High Profile
Alternative Generation Systems
Microturbines
Fuel cells
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
WIND
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Vision Quest, Castle River, AB
Vestas 660 MW, 50 Metre Tall
Comparison of Wind Power Capacity in Various Countries
Germany: 6,113 MW
Denmark: 2,297 MW
USA: 5,250 MW
Spain: 2,402 MW
Canada: 198 MW
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Peigan Nation - EPCOR, Brocket, AB
NEG Micon 900 kW, 72 Metres Tall
Weather Dancer 1
Capital cost $1.8 million
Output 900 KW
Tower height 72 metres
Blade radius 26 metres
Concrete base 25 square metres x 8.2 metres deep
(500 tonnes of concrete)
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
The amount of power available in the wind is determined by the equation:
w = 1/2 r A v3
where w is power, r is air density, A is the rotor area, and v is the wind speed.
Wind power is a measure of the energy available in the wind. It is a function of the cube (third power) of the wind speed.
If the wind speed is doubled, power in the wind increases by a factor of eight (23). This relationship means that small differences in wind speed lead to large differences in power.
SOLAR
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Passive Solar Heating
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Active Solar Heating
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Active Solar Generating
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
EPCOR Centre, Edmonton 13 kW DC
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
EPCOR Centre, Edmonton 13 kW DC
COALBED METHANE
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Coalbed Methane
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
SMALL HYDROSMALL HYDRO
ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES Alberta Federation of REA’s
ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES Alberta Federation of REA’s
EPCOR’s Taylor Hydroelectric Project
12.75 MW Run-of-River, Magrath, Alberta
BIOMASS
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Gasifier Project
Burlington Electric's McNeil Station in Burlington, VT
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
23 MW Fluidized Bed Biomass Generating Station
Whitecourt, Alberta
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Biogas
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Integrated Manure Utilization System
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Ribe Biogas Plant, Denmark
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Ribe Biogas Plant, Denmark
Cattle manure
Hog manure Digestor tanks
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Ribe Biogas Plant, Denmark
Plant Data Primary tanks: 2, each of 680 m³ Dosing tank: 1 of 150 m³ Reactors: 3, each of 1,750 m³ Storage tanks (central): 2, each of 680 m³ Gas storage: 1,000 m³ Storage tanks (local: 22)
Operating Data Biomass feed: 400 m³/d Biogas production, gross: 77 MWh/d (100%) Process heat, consumption: 12 MWh/d(15,5%) – Process power, consumption: 2 MWh/d (2,5%) Surplus energy, net: 63 MWh/d
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Processed Manure
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Landfill Gas
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Clover Bar Landfill, Edmonton
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
EPCOR’s Clover Bar Landfill Gas Plant
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Mountaingate Landfill Gas Plant, California
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
1 MW Jenbacher LFG Reciprocating Engine
Marina Landfill, California
Microturbines
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
MICROTURBINESMICROTURBINES
• Power to Utility Grid, Heat & Power for On-site UsePower to Utility Grid, Heat & Power for On-site Use
• Offset High Retail Electric RatesOffset High Retail Electric Rates
• Meet Strict Air Emission RegulationsMeet Strict Air Emission Regulations
• Poor Quality Landfill Gas (Poor Quality Landfill Gas (>> 35% CH 35% CH44))
• Small Quantity Landfill Gas (Small Quantity Landfill Gas (>> 489 Nm 489 Nm33/day, 12 scfm)/day, 12 scfm)
• Innovative / Renewable Technology FundingInnovative / Renewable Technology Funding
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Fuel Heating Value:Fuel Heating Value: >> 13.4 MJ/m 13.4 MJ/m33 ( ( >> 350 Btu/scf HHV) 350 Btu/scf HHV)
Heat Rate for 30 kW(e):Heat Rate for 30 kW(e): 127.8 kW(t)127.8 kW(t) (436,000 Btu/hr)(436,000 Btu/hr)
Efficiency:Efficiency: 23.5%23.5%
Water Vapor Content:Water Vapor Content: Dew Pt + 10 Dew Pt + 10 OOCC
Hydrogen Sulfide Content: < 70,000 ppmHydrogen Sulfide Content: < 70,000 ppmvv
Particulate Content:Particulate Content: < 20 ppm< 20 ppm
Pressure:Pressure: 55 to 80 psig55 to 80 psig
ALTERNATIVE POWER
MICROTURBINES
90%
85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%
20% 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Micro-Turbine with CHP
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
Medium Diesel Engines
Small Diesel Engines
Large Diesel Engines
Simple-Cycle Gas Turbine
Larger Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines
Micro Turbines
Small Natural Gas Reciprocating Engines
Coal-fired Plant
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
MICROTURBINES
NOx Emissions (g/kWh)
20 US Utility Average 3.24
Ontario Power Generation Forecast 1.55
Peaking Gas Turbine 1.8
Capstone 30 kW 0.06
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
MICROTURBINES
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Honeywell Parallon 75 kW Microturbine
Turbine and compressor $68,200
Mechanical $3,200
Electrical $13,400
Civil $4,700
Metering $1,900
Engineering $7,900
TOTAL $99,300
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Shipment of 40 Honeywell Parallon 75
Microturbines to Calgary from Albuquerque
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
MICROTURBINES
Secure Power’s 5 unit Elliott Energy T-80kW
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Lopez Canyon Landfill, California:
50 x 30 kW Capstone Microturbines
FUEL CELLS
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
• Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
• Proton Exchange Membrane or Solid Polymer Fuel Cell
• Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
• Alkaline Fuel Cell
• Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
• Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
• Regenerative Fuel Cell
• Zinc Air Fuel Cell
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
Molten alkali carbonates used as electrolyte at 650oC.
Porous nickel - ceramic anode.
Porous nickel oxide cathode.
Porous lithium aluminate electrolyte matrix.
Fuel Cell Energy: 2 MW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Santa Clara, California
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are solid and operate at low temperatures 80oC.
Suitable for transportation applications.
Technology promoted by Ballard (Vancouver).
DaimlerChrysler Jeep Commander Fuel Cell Hybrid
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (Tubular)
Operate at 1000oC.
Developed by Siemens - Westinghouse over the past decade.
Shaped like lengths of 36” x 1” pipe.
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Bundle
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Fuel Cell Efficiency
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Global Thermoelectric
Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (Planar)
Operate at 600oC - 700oC.
Developed by Global Thermoelectric (Calgary)
Flat sheets.
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (Planar)
Ceramic cells with stainless steel interconnects.
High cell efficiency of 60% and capable of 85% with combined cycle operation.
Does not need external hydrogen infrastructure (reformer). Can operate on natural gas, propane and carbon monoxide.
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Siemens - WestinghouseTubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Ballard 250 kW PEM Fuel Cell
Plug Power: 7 kW PEM Residential Fuel Cell
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
Expectation for Mature Product SOFC PEM
Fuel : Natural Gas HydrogenTemperature : 950 oC 60-80 oCElectrical Efficiency : 60% 40%Capital Cost Investment $(Can)/kWh : 1500* 1500*Power Generation Cost cents/kWh : 10 14Power/Heat : 2.2/1 1/1
* Year 2010
SOFC for decentralized power applications has 30% lower life cycle cost when compared to PEM
f REA’s
Brief Description & Model Flow Chart Cell Colour Coding http://retscreen.gc.ca
RETScreen Features (click to access info) Internet Options Online Manual RETScreen Website Product Data Training Information Weather Data Registration Cost Data Contact CEDRL Currency Options
Model Worksheets (click to access sheets) Contributors Energy Model 85+ Technology Experts Equipment Data Collaborating Organisations Cost Analysis Greenhouse Gas Analysis Financial Summary Blank Worksheets (3)
RETScreen® International is a standardised and integrated renewable energy project analysis software. This tool provides a common platform for both decision-supportand capacity-building purposes. RETScreen can be used worldwide to evaluate the energy pr
Wind Energy Project Model
RETScreen is available
Version 2000 - Release 2 © Minister of Natural Resources Canada 1997-2000. NRCan/CEDRL
TO START (click here)
http://retscreen.gc.ca
Levelized Generation Costs, $/KWh
D-size battery 360 dollars
Solar 25 cents
Fuel cell 10 – 14 cents
Wind 6.8 – 8.5 cents
Biomass 6 – 7.5 cents
Natural gas 5 – 7 cents
Coal 5 – 6 cents
Small hydro 4 – 6 cents
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
AltEnergy 2002 Conference
Edmonton, Alberta
Biomass Environmental Fuel Cells
Information Technology Fusion Finance
Wind Energy Suppliers/Services Legal
Tidal Power Geothermal Solar Energy
Friday, April 26, 2002Plenary Session: 12:30 pm - 1:30 pmConference Hours: 8:00 am - 4:00 pmExhibits Open: 9:30 pm - 4:30 pm
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
For questions in the future:
Doug Heaton P. Eng.
Project Development Manager
EPCOR Utilities Inc.
E-mail: [email protected]
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
ALTERNATIVE POWER CSChE 2002 Student Conference
?
Questions