ALTERNATIVE REMEDIAL CONTRACTINGsection: revision: 0 date: 11/7/95 page: 1 of 1 alternative remedial...

Section:Revision: 0Date: 11/7/95Page: 1 of 1

ALTERNATIVE REMEDIAL CONTRACTINGSTRATEGY PROGRAM

FIELD SAMPLING PLANHALBY CHEMICAL COMPANY

OPERABLE UNIT 1 ERA OVERSIGHT

EPA CONTRACT NO: 68-W8-0090EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NO.: 90-52-3PL7CH2M HILL PROJECT NO.: 104986.ER.QS

Prepared for:

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYREGION HI

841 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Prepared by:

CKMHILLReston, Virginia

November 1995

AR30 I 565


CONTENTS

Page

1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1-1

2 Sampling Plan...................................................................................................... 2-1

3 Documentation and Shipping Requirements........................................................ 3-1

4 References..............................................................................'.............................. 4-1

Tables

1-1 Summary of Sampling and Analysis Program..................................................... 1-2

1-2 Sample and Preservation Requirements............................................................... 1-3

Appendix

B Standard Operating ProceduresC EPA Sample Paperwork

W™°7DOC AR301 566


Acronyms and Abbreviations

COC chain of custodyCRL Central Regional LaboratoryDQO data quality objectiveEPA U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyFSP Field Sampling PlanPRP Potentially Responsible PartyQAPjP Quality Assurance Project PlanSMO Sample Management Office

WDCR979X007.DOC

AR30I567

c

Section: 1Revision: 0Date: 11-7-95Page: 1 of 4

Section 1Introduction

This field sampling plan (FSP) documents procedures and practices to be followed for thecollection of split samples during the ERA Operable Unit 1 oversight at Halby ChemicalCompany. Split samples will be collected of surface and subsurface soil from several locations.Table 1-1 summarizes the collection and analytical activities to be used for the split samples tobe collected. Because the field activities are primarily oversight, Potentially Responsible Party(PRP) sampling and analytical procedures will be used.

Objectives

The objective of the sampling effort is to collect representative split samples that meet the dataquality objectives (DQOs) forth in the quality assurance project plan (QAPjP). These sampleswill be used to determine the comparability of the analytical results of the split sample with thecorresponding analytical results from the PRP's analytical laboratory.

The objectives of this FSP are to identify:

• The number of split samples to be collected

• The procedures to be used in the field to collect splits of soil samples

• The procedures to be used for adequate quality control

• The procedures for chain-of-custody (COC) protocols and documentation ofsample collection activities

The Halby Chemical split sampling activities are summarized in Table 1-1. The requiredsample containers and preservation measures are summarized in Table 1-2.

Sample Designation

A CH2M HILL sample numbering system will be used to identify each sample, includingduplicates and blanks. A Sample Management Office (SMO) number and a Central RegionalLaboratory (CRL) number will be assigned to each sample at the same time. The User's

WDCR9™C '-' A.R30I568

i

Table 1-1 JSUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROGRAM M

HALBY CHEMICAL COMPANY ^OPERABLE UNIT 1 ERA OVERSIGHT ||

EventWater MainInvestigation

Drainage DitchDelineation

Sump AreaDelineation

Number andMedia ofSamples2 soil1 soil1 soil"1 water1 water

1 soil

4 soil1 soil1 soif1 water1 water

1 soil

1 soil1 soil1 soil"1 water1 water

1 soil

Sample PurposeRegularDuplicateMS/MSDTrip blank

Equipment blank

RCRA characteristics

RegularDuplicateMS/MSDTrip blank

Equipment blank


RegularDuplicateMS/MSDTrip blank

Equipment blank


Chemical AnalysisTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanideTCL VOCsTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanideTCLP organicsb and inorganics, corrosivity,reactivity (sulfide and cyanide), pH, andignitabilityTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanideTCL VOCsTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanide JTCLP organics" and inorganics, corrosivity, 4reactivity (sulfide and cyanide), pH, and ^ignitabilityTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanideTCL VOCsTCL VOCs, SVOCs (BNAs), and pesticides/PCBs;TAL metals and cyanide; and thiocyanateand weak acid dissociable cyanideTCLP organics11 and inorganics, corrosivity,reactivity (sulfide and cyanide), pH, andignitability

J Two extra soil samples will be collected for VOCs, one extra soil sample for all other analytes. MS/MSD samples areactually duplicates of a regular sample, not separate samples themselves.

* TCLP organics consist of VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, and herbicides.

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WDCR979/016.DOC

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Table 1-2

ND PRESERVATION E

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Guide to the Contract Laboratory Program defines the SMO numbers and to the CRLSample Handling Manual defines the CRL numbers. A listing of sample identificationnumbers will be maintained in the sampling log book by the team leader. Each CH2M HELLsample number will consist of three components, as described below.

The designation HC identifies the sample as being from the Halby Chemical site. Each samplewill next have a two-digit letter code corresponding to the sample location:

• WL - Water Line Investigation• DD - Drainage Ditch Delineation• SA - Sump Area Designation

Samples will have an alphanumeric sample location code after the code for sample type.

WDCR9797015.DOC fiR30!57i


Section 2Sampling Plan

The PRP's work plan, Response Action Plan, Halby Chemical Superfund Site (August 1995),describes the soil sampling. Splits of the samples collected by the PRP will be obtained byCH2M HILL oversight personnel in the field.

Sample Frequency

Table 1-1 summarizes the splits of the soil samples that will be collected. The samplecollection procedures to be used by the PRP are described in the PRP's Proposed ResponseAction Plan. Table 1-2 summarizes the appropriate sample containers and preservationrequirements. The split samples will be obtained in the field after the sample is collected by thePRP.

Coordination of Collection with PRP Field Personnel

The interaction with the PRP field personnel to obtain splits of samples will be coordinated andpre-arranged through EPA Region IH.

After the field investigation samples to be split are collected by the PRP field personnel, thesample volume will be divided in two equal portions -and packed into separate containers by thePRP. A representative of CH2M HILL will accept a split of the sample. The container will betagged with the sample number which identifies the sampling event, location and the date. Thesample container and tag will be placed in a 2-mil polyethylene bag. Tags will be positioned sothey can be read through the bag. A custody seal will be placed appropriately on thepolyethylene bag to ensure the integrity of the sample during shipment.

Standard Operating Procedures

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) for CH2M HILL oversight activities are provided inAppendix B. The SOPs are only for health and safety procedures because the oversightactivities will not require CH2M HILL to perform standard sampling procedures such asgroundwater sampling and calibration of meters related to sampling.

flR30IS72

Section: 3Revision: 0Date: 11-7-95Page: lofl

Section 3Documentation and Shipping Requirements

For all samples collected, chain-of-custody protocols must be followed as well as specificshipping requirements. Coordination will be required with the oversight analytical laboratory.The procedures, as well as holding time and general recordkeeping requirements are describedfor all media in Appendix C.

WDCR979/015.DOC 3-1 R n O ft i r- -. ~AR30I573


Section 4References

Langan Environmental Services, Inc. Response Action Plan, Halby Chemical Superfund Site.Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware, EPA Docket No. 111-95-55-DC, August 8, 1995revised September 7, 1995.

U.S. EPA. A Compendium of Superfund Field Operations Methods. EPA 540 P-87 001.December 1987.

WDCR9797015.DOC 4-1

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SOP 4: Soil Sampling

I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines for obtaining samples ofsurface and subsurface soils using hand and drilling-rig mounted equipment.

"r—-?

II. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Stainless-steel trowel, shovel, scoopula, coring device, trier, handauger, or other appropriate hand tool

• Stainless-steel, split-spoon samplers

• Thin-walled samplers (e.g., Shelby tubes)

• Drilling rig or soil-coring rig

• Stainless-ste'el pan or bowl

• Scoopula or other appropriate hand tool

• Sample bottles

AR3QI576

III. PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

A. Surface Sampling

Before sampling begins, equipment will be decontaminated using theprocedures described in SOP 6: Decontamination of Drilling Rigs andEquipment. The sampling point is located and recorded in the field logbook.Debris should be cleared from the sampling location*—..*

A shovel, post-hole digger, or other tool can be used to remove soil to apoint just above the interval to be sampled. A decontaminated sampling tool

will be used to collect the sample when the desired sampling depth has been

reached. The sampling tool should be stainless steel and decontaminated inaccordance with the procedures outlined in SOP 6. Soil for semivolatile

organic and inorganic analyses is placed in the bowl and mixed; soil forvolatile organic analysis is not mixed or composited but is placed directly

into the appropriate sample bottles. A stainless-steel or dedicated woodentongue depressor is used to transfer the sample from the bowl to thecontainer.

The soils removed from the borehole should be visually described in the field

log book, including approximated depths.

When sampling is completed, flame ionization device (FID) readings should/

be taken directly above the hole, and the hole is then backfilled. After

sampling the collected samples are labeled and handled as described inSOP 23.

AR3GI577

0WGIKAI(Red)

B. Split-Spoon Sampling

By use of a drilling rig at other soil boring locations, a hole is advanced to

the desired depth. For split-spoon sampling, the samples are then collectedfollowing the ASTM D 1586 standard (attached). The sampler is lowered

into the hole and driven to a depth equal to the total length of the sampler;

typically this is 24 inches. The sampler is driven in 6-inch increments usinga 140-pound weight ("hammer") dropped from aJieight of 30 inches. To

obtain enough volume of sample for subsequent laboratory analysis, use of a3-inch ID sampler may be required. Blow counts obtained with a 3-inch ID

spoon would not conform to ASTM D 1586 and would therefore not be usedfor geotechnical evaluations. The number of hammer blows for each 6-inchinterval is counted and recorded.

Once retrieved from the hole, the sampler is carefully split open. Care

should be taken not to allow material in the sampler to fall out of the openend of the sampler. To collect the sample, the surface of the sample should

be removed with a clean tool and disposed of. Samples collected forvolatiles analysis should be placed directly into the sample containers from

the desired depth in the split spoon. Material for collection of samples for allother parameters should be removed to a decontaminated stainless steel tray.The sample for non-volatiles analysis should be homogenized in the field by

breaking the sample into small pieces, and removing gravel. Thehomogenized sample should be placed in the sample containers. If sample

/

volume requirements are not met by a single sample collection, additional

sample may be collected by collecting a sample from below the sample, and

compositing the sample for non-volatile parameters only.

Split-spoon samples also will be collected using a tripod rig. When using a

tripod rig the soil samples are collected using an assembly similar to thatused with the drillinc ries.

fl8301578

>e&C. Shelby Tube Sampling

Thin-walled samplers are advanced hydraulically by continuous pressure froma drilling rig. ASTM D 1587 is the standard for this method. At the end of

the designated push interval and before lifting the sample, the sampler istwisted to break the bottom of the sample.

Upon recovery of the sampler, the actual length ofjhe sample is measuredand recorded, excluding slough or cuttings. At least 1/2-inch of soil iscleaned from each end of the sampler. The soil that has been cleaned fromthe sample can be used for visual classification.

Each end of the sampler is waxed. After the initial sealing, a filler (e.g.,

paper or sand) can be placed in the remaining open area of the sampler toavoid breaking of the initial end seals. The ends of the sampler are thenclosed with tight-fitting metal or plastic caps, and the seam between the cap

and sampler is taped. The ends of the sampler may be dipped in hot wax tocompletely cover the tape and seal the sampler. The sample and the top cap

are labeled with appropriate information, including the designation of theboring, the date and time of sampling, the sample number, and pertinent

information about the collection of the sample. The side of the sampler ismarked as to which end is the top and which is the bottom. The sampler

should be carried gently and kept in an upright, vertical position as much as

possible to maintain the in situ orientation and to minimize sample/•

disaggregation.

IV. ATTACHMENTS

M30I579

V. KEY CHECKS AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

Check that decontamination of equipment is thorough. Check that sample collection

is swift to avoid loss of volatile organics during sampling. When collecting samplesusing thin-walled samplers, check that the pressure is applied smoothly and

continuously, not in a jolting fashion.

WDCR698/013.51

AR30I

• (Rod)

SOP 5: Soil Characterization


This SOP provides guidance to obtain accurate and consistent descriptions of soil

characteristics during soil-sampling operations. The characterization is based onvisual examination and manual tests, not on laboratory determinations.

H. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Indelible pens• Tape measure or ruler• Field logbook

• Spatulat • HCL, 10 percent solution

• Squirt bottle with water• Rock- or soil-color chart

• Grain-size chart; • Hand lens

! III. PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES-•j - • •- -

This section covers several aspects of the soil characterization̂ instructions for/

completing the CH2M HILL soil boring log Form 1586, field classification of soil.

and standard penetration test procedures.

AR30I581

Instructions for Completing Soil Boring Logs

Soil boring logs will be completed in the field log books. Information collected will be

consistent with that required for Form D1586, a standard CH2M HILL form.

The information collected in the field to perform the soil characterization is describedbelow.

Field personnel should review completed logs for accuracy, clarity, and thoroughness ofdetail. Samples also should be checked to see that information is correctly recorded on

both jar lids and labels and on the log sheets.

Heading Information

Boring/Well Number. Enter the boring/well number. A numbering system should be

chosen that does not conflict with information recorded for previous exploratory work

done at the site. Number the sheets consecutively for each boring.

Location. If stationing, coordinates, mileposts. or similar project layout information is

available, indicate the position of the boring to that system using modifiers such as

"approximate" or "estimated" as appropriate.

Elevation. Elevation will be determined at the conclusion of field activities.

Drilling Contractor. Enter the name of the drilling company and the city and statewhere the company is based.

Drilling Method and Equipment. Identify the bit size and type, drilling fluid (ifused), and method of drilling (e.g., rotary, hollow-stem auger). Information on the

drilling equipment (e.g., CME 55. Mobile B61) also is noted.

Water Level and Date. Enter the depth below ground surface to the apparent waterlevel in the borehole. The information should be recorded as a comment. If free wateris not encountered during drilling or cannot be detected because of the drilling method,

this information should be noted. Record date and time of day (for tides, river stage) of

each water level measurement.

Date of Start and Finish. Enter the dates the boring was begun and completed. Timeof day should be added if several borings are performed on the same day.

Logger. Enter the first initial and full last name.

Technical Data

Depth Below Surface. Use a depth scale that is appropriate for the sample spacing and

for the complexity of subsurface conditions.

Sample Interval. Note the depth at the top and bottom of the sample interval.

Sample Type and Number. Enter the sample type and number. For instance, S-l =

split spoon, first sample. Number samples consecutively regardless of type. Enter asample number even if no material was recovered in the sampler.Sample Recovery. Enter the length to the nearest 0.1 foot of. soil sample recovered

from the sampler. Often, there will be some wash or caved material above the sample:do not include the wash material jn the measurement.

/

Standard Penetration Test Results. In this column, enter the number of blowsrequired for each 6 inches of sampler penetration and the "N" value, which is the sum ofthe blows in the middle two 6-inch penetration intervals. A typical standard penetration

test involving successive blow counts of 2. 3. 4. and 5 is recorded as 2-3-4-5 and (7).The standard penetration test is terminated if the sampler encounters refusal. Refusal is

a penetration of less than 6 inches with a blow count of 50. A partial penetration of 50

blows for 4 inches is recorded as 50/4 inches.

AR30I583

Sample may be collected using a 300-pound hammer or 3-inch-diameter split-spoonsamples at the site. Use of either of these sample collection devices invalidates standard

penetration test results and should be noted in the comments section of the log. The300-pound hammer should only be used for collection of 3-inch-diameter split-spoon

samples. Blow counts should be recorded for collection of samples using either a 3-inchsplit-spoon, or a 300-pound hammer. An "N" value need not be calculated.

Soil Description. The soil classification should follow the format described in the

"Field Classification of Soil" subsection.

Comments. Include all pertinent observations (changes in drilling fluid color, roddrops, drilling chatter, rod bounce as in driving on a cobble, damaged Shelby tubes, and

equipment malfunctions). In addition, note if casing was used, the sizes and depthsinstalled, and if drilling fluid was added or changed. You should instruct the driller to

alert you to any significant changes in drilling (changes in material, occurrence ofboulders, and loss of drilling fluid). Such information should be attributed to the drillerand recorded in this column.

Specific information might include the following:

• The date and the time drilling began and ended each day

• ' r The depth and size of casing and the method of installation

• The date. time, and depth of water level measurements

• Depth of rod chatter

• Depth and percentage of drilling fluid loss

• Depth of hole caving or heaving

• Depth of change in material

• Drilling interval through a boulder

Field Classification of Soil

This section presents the format for the field classification of soil. In general, theapproach and format for classifying soils should conform to ASTM D 2488-90, Visual-»,—.) ,Manual Procedure for Description and Identification of Soils.

The Unified Soil Classification System is based on numerical values of certain soilproperties that are measured by laboratory tests (ASTM D 2487). It is possible.

however, to estimate these values in the field with reasonable accuracy using visual-manual procedures (ASTM D 2488-90, attached). In addition, some elements of a

complete soil description, such as the presence of cobbles or boulders, changes in strata,and the relative proportions of soil types in a bedded deposit, can be obtained only inthe field.

Soil descriptions should be precise and comprehensive without being verbose. The

correct overall impression of the soil should not be distorted by excessive emphasis oninsignificant details. In general, similarities rather than differences between consecutivesamples should be stressed."T

Soil descriptions must be recorded for every soil sample collected. The format and

order for soil descriptions should be as follows:/ !

1. Soil name (synonymous with ASTM D 2488-90 Group Name) with appropriate

modifiers

2. Group symbol

3. Color

AR30I585

4. Moisture content

5. Relative density or consistency

6. Soil structure, mineralogy, or other descriptors

This order follows, in general, the format described in ASTM D 2488-90.

Soil Name

The basic name of a soil should be the ASTM D 2488-90 Group Name on the basis of

visual estimates of gradation and plasticity. The soil name should be capitalized.

Examples of acceptable soil names are illustrated by the following descriptions:

• A soil sample is visually estimated to contain 15 percent gravel,55 percent sand, and 30 percent fines (passing No. 200 sieve). The finesare estimated as either low or highly plastic silt. This visualclassification is SILTY SAND WITH GRAVEL, with a Group Symbol

of (SM).

• Another soil sample has the following visual estimate: 10 percent; - -,.

gravel. 30 percent sand, and 60 percent fines (passing the No. 200 sieve).The fines are estimated as low plastic silt. This visual classification isSANDY SILT. The gravel portion is not included in the soil name

because the gravel portion was estimated as less than 15 percent. The

Group Symbol is (ML).

The gradation of coarse-grained soil (more than 50 percent retained on No. 200 sieve) is

included in the specific soil name in accordance with ASTM D 2488-90. There is noneed to further document the gradation. However, the maximum size and angularity orroundedness of gravel and sand-sized particles should be recorded. For fine-grained soil

6

. . AR30I586

PflfiffeA,{Red}

(50 percent or more passing the No. 200 sieve), the name is modified by the appropriateplasticity/elasticity term in accordance with ASTM D 2488-90.

Interlayered soil should each be described starting with the predominant type. An

introductory name, such as "Interlayered Sand and Silt," should be used. In addition,the relative proportion of each soil type should be indicated (see Table 1 for example).

Where helpful, the evaluation of plasticity/elasticity can be justified by describing resultsfrom any of the visual-manual procedures for identifying fine-grained soils, such asreaction to shaking, toughness of a soil thread, or dry strength as described in ASTM D2488-90.

Group Symbol

The appropriate group symbol from ASTM D 2488-90 must be given after each soil

name. The group symbol should be placed in parentheses to indicate that theclassification has been estimated.

In accordance with ASTM D 2488-90. dual symbols (e.g., GP-GM or SW-SC) can be

used to indicate that a soil is estimated to have about 10 percent fines. Borderlinesymbols (e.g., GM/SM or SW/SP') can be used to indicate that a soil sample has been

identified as having properties that do not distinctly place the soil into a specific group.Generally, the group name assigned to a soil with a borderline symbol should be the

group name for the first symbol. The use of a borderline symbol should not be usedindiscriminately. Every effort should be made to first place the soil into a single group.

" ! ̂

Grain size is estimated in accordance with ASTM D 2488-90 (Table 2).

Color

The color of a soil must be given. The color description should be based on theMunsell system. The color name and the hue. value, and chroma should be given.

A.R30I587

Moisture Content

The degree of moisture present in a soil sample should be defined as dry, moist, or wet.

Moisture content can be estimated from the criteria listed on Table 3.

Relative Density or Consistency

Relative density of a coarse-grained (cohesionless) soil is based on N-values (ASTM D. sJL.-—*----*

1586-84, attached to SOP 4). If the presence of large gravel, disturbance of the sample,

or non-standard sample collection makes determination of the in situ relative density orconsistency difficult, then this item should be left out of the description and explained inthe Comments column of the soil boring log.

Consistency of fine-grained (cohesive) soil is properly based on results of pocketpenetrometer or torvane results. In the absence of this information, consistency can be

estimated from N-values. Relationships for determining relative density or consistencyof soil samples are given in Tables 4 and 5.

Soil Structure, Mineralogy, and Other Descriptors

Discontinuities and inclusions are important and should be described. Such featuresinclude joints or fissures, slickensides. bedding or laminations, veins, root holes, and

wood debris.

Significant mineralogical information such as cementation, abundant mica, or unusual/•

mineralogy should be described.

Other descriptors may include particle size range or percentages, particle angularity or

shape, maximum particle size, hardness of large particles, plasticity of fines, drystrength, dilatancy. toughness, reaction to HC1. and staining, as well as other information

such as organic debris, odor, or presence of free product.

AR30I588

'{Rear

Equipment and Calibration

Before starting the testing, the equipment should be inspected for compliance with therequirements of ASTM D 1586-84. The split-barrel sampler should measure 2-inch or

3-inch O.D., and should have a split tube at least 18 inches long. The minimum sizesampler rod allowed is "A" rod (1-5/8-inch O.D.). A stiffer rod, such as "N" rod

(2-5/8-inch O.D.), is required for depths greater than 50 feet. The drive weightassembly should consist of a 140-pound or3 00-pound hammer weight, a drive head, and

a hammer guide that permits a free fall of 30 inches.

IV. ATTACHMENTS

ASTM D 2488-90: Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures).

V. KEY CHECKS AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Check entries to the soil-boring log- and field logbook in the field; because the samples

will be disposed of at the end of fieldwork, confirmation and corrections cannot bemade later. Check that sample numbers and intervals are properly specified. Check thatdrilling and sampling equipment is decontaminated using the procedures defined in SOP

9: Decontamination of Drilling Rigs and Equipment.

WDCR698/014.51

Table 2GRAIN SIZE CLASSIFICATION (ASTM D-2488)

Size (mm)

>300

75-300

19-75

4.75-19

2-4.750.425-2

0.075-0.425

O.075

Name

bouldercobble

coarse gravel

fine gravelcoarse sandmedium sand

fine sand

silt & clay

Table 3CRITERIA FOR DESCRIBING MOISTURE CONDITION

Description

Dry

Moist

Wet

Criteria

Absence of moisture, dusty, dry to the touch

Damp, but no visible water: can be molded

Visible free water: usually soil is below water table

WDCR698/016.51

A-R30I590

CftfSIKtt

Table 4RELATIVE DENSITY OF COARSE-GRAINED SOIL

Blows/Ft0-4

5- 10

11-30

31 -50

>50

Relative Density

Very loose

Loose

Medium

Dense

Very dense

Field Test

Easily penetrated with 1/2-in steel rodpushed by hand

Easily penetrated with 1/2-in steel rodpushed by hand

Easily penetrated with 1/2-in steel roddriven with 5-lb hamrfie?Penetrated a foot with 1/2-in steel roddriven with 5-lb hammer

Penetrated only a few inches with 1/2-insteel rod driven with 5-lb hammer

Table 5CONSISTENCY OF FINE-GRAINED SOIL

Blows/Ft

SOP 6: Decontamination ofDrilling Rigs and Equipment


The purpose of this guideline is to provide methods for the decontamination of

drilling rigs; monitoring well materials; downhole drilling tools; soil, sediment andwater sampling equipment: and water-level measurement equipment. Personnel

i

decontamination procedures are not addressed in this SOP; refer to the site safety

plan. Sample bottles will not be field decontaminated, but purchased with cleaningcertified by the manufacturer.

i


• Portable steam cleaner and related equipment• Potable water• Phosphate-free detergent such as Alconox or Liquinox

• Buckets

• Brushes• Distilled organic-free water•-v .• Methanol, pesticide grade• Hexane, pesticide grade

• Six-molar nitric acid, analytical grade / s

• HPLC-grade water

• Aluminum foil

AR30I592

in. PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

A. Drilling Rigs and Monitoring Well Materials

Prior to the onset of drilling, after each borehole, prior drilling through

permanent isolation casing, and prior to leaving the site, heavy equipmentand machinery will be decontaminated by steam cleaning at a designatedarea. The steam cleaning area will be designed to contain decontamination•v ">wastes and waste waters and can be a HDPE-lhied, bermed pad. A pumpingsystem will be used to convey decontaminated water from the pad to drums.

Well casings and screens shall be delivered to the site previouslydecontaminated with accompanying written certification by the factory ormanufacturer attesting to decontamination procedures. Factory rinsate testresults for parameters selected for the site shall be included. Well casingsand screens may be steam cleaned in the field if they are exposed to

contamination at the site prior to use.

B. Downhole Drilling Tools

Downhole tools will be steam cleaned prior to the onset of drilling, prior to

drilling through permanent isolation casing, and between boreholes. Thiswill include, but is not limited to. rods, split-spoon or similar samplers.

coring equipment, augers, and casing.

Prior to the use of a sampling device such as a split-spoon sampler for the

collection of a soil sample for physical characterization, the sampler shall becleaned by scrubbing with a detergent solution followed by a potable water

rinse.

AR30I593

Prior to the use of a sampling device such as a split-spoon sampler for thecollection of a soil sample for chemical analysis, the sampler shall be

decontaminated following the procedures outlined in the following

subsection.

C. Soil, Sump, and Water Sampling Equipment

Prior to the initiation of field sampling, the soil, sump, and water samplingequipment will be decontaminated using the following procedures:

1. Wash and scrub equipment with phosphate-free detergent.

2. Rinse equipment with distilled organic-free water.

3. Rinse equipment with a 10 percent methanol solution.

i4. Rinse equipment with distilled organic-free water.

5. Rinse equipment-with 10 percent 6-molar nitric acid solution (if

"'• •••"••*> . sampling for metals).. , 1 / 1 , , ' '

':| '"'' 6. Rinse equipment with distilled organic-free water.

7. (Optional) rinse equipment with HPLC-grade water., «,/

8. Allow equipment to air dry.

9. Wrap the equipment with aluminum foil, shiny side out. to prevent

contamination during storage and transport.

ftR30l59«*

The decontamination procedure for positive-displacement groundwatersampling pumps is similar except that Steps 5 and 6 are omitted. The pumpwill be placed in an upright decontamination tube, and the water and

methanol rinses, a minimum of one gallon of each, will be pumped throughthe pump and the length of discharge tubing. The outside of the tubing willbe decontaminated using the same rinse solutions.

Disposable field filters will be used; decontamination is not required.

D. Field Analytical Equipment

1. Water Level Indicators

Water level indicators that consist of a probe that comes into contactwith the groundwater must be decontaminated using the following

steps:

a. Rinse with tap waterb. Rinse with deionized water

c. Solvent rinse with methanold. Rinse with deionized water

i -,.

2. Probes

Probes, for example. pH or specific ion electrodes, geophysicalprobes, or thermometers that would come in direct contact with thesample, will be decontaminated using the procedures specified aboveunless manufacturer's instructions indicate otherwise. For probes that

make no direct contact, for example. OVA equipment, the probe will

be wiped with clean paper-towels or cloth wetted with methanol.

AR30I595

(Red)

IV. ATTACHMENTS

None.


The effectiveness of field cleaning procedures shall be monitored by rinsing field

cleaned equipment with organic-free water and submitting the rinse water in standardsample containers for analysis. Any time a sampling event occurs, at least one such

quality control sample shall be collected. The total number of equipment blanks willbe at least 5 percent of the number of samples collected during large-scale fieldsampling efforts.

At least one piece of field equipment shall be selected for this procedure each time

equipment is washed. An attempt should be made to select different pieces ofequipment for this procedure.

WDCR698/018.51

A.R30I596

ORKHfcAL

SOP 9: High Hazard Sample Shipping


The purpose of this procedure is to provide specifications on how suspected highhazard samples of soil, sediment, and water are to be shipped.


• Sample containers• Sample labels

• Chain-of-custody record forms• Custody seals

• Sample tags• Shipper airbill

• Coolers• Vermiculite

• Ice• Clear tape

• Strapping tape• Waterproof pens

• Preservatives• Droppers for preservatives

/' !

• In-line filters

SR30I597

PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

A. High-Concentration Samples

High-concentration samples are packaged using the techniques outlined in theARCS III Sample Packing Memo with several additional restrictions. First,a special airbill including a Shipper's Certification for Restricted Articles is

required. Second. "Flammable Liquid N.O.S."̂ pr "Flammable SolidN.O.S." labels must be placed on at least two sides of the cooler. Third,

sample containers are packaged in metal cans with lids before being placed in .the cooler, as indicated below.

• Place approximately Vz inch of vermiculite in the bottom of the can.

• Position the sample jar in the zip-loc bag so that the sample tags canbe read through the plastic bag.

• Place the jar in the can and fill the remaining volume withvermiculite.

• Close the can and secure the lid with metal clips. v— fc

J• • Write the traffic report number on the lid. t• Place "This Side Up" and "Flammable Liquid N.O.S." (or I

"Flammable Solid N.O.S/') labels on the can. .

*>

• Place the cans in the cooler. tI

• Ship samples with "blue ice",inside the coolers.

AH30I598

((fed}

B. Special Instructions for Shipping High Concentration Samples

By Federal Express

1. Label cooler as hazardous shipment.

• Write shipper's address on outside of cooler. If address is

stenciled on, just write "shipper" above it.

• Write or affix sticker saying "This Side Up" on two adjacentsides.

• Write or affix sticker saying "ORM-E" with box around it ontwo adjacent sides. Below ORM-E, write NA#9188.

• Label cooler with "Hazardous Substance, N.O.S." and

"liquid" or "solid," as applicable.

2. Complete the special shipping bill for restricted articles.

• „ Under Proper Shipping Name, write "Hazardous Substance.N.O.S." and "liquid"-or "solid." as applicable.

' ~ V , !

• Under Class, write "ORM-E."

., i v,

• Under Identification No., write NA No. 9188.

3. Ship samples with "blue ice" only inside coolers.

IV. ATTACHMENTS

None.

AR30I599


Check that trip blanks are included in coolers containing samples to be analyzed forVOCs. The Saturday delivery box on the carrier airbill should be checked, ifappropriate. Double check paperwork to verify sample, analytical, and shippinginformation on sample labels, tags, chain-of-custody, shipping containers, and

shipping bills. Check that the proper sample containers and preservatives are used.

WDCR701/005.51

AR30I600

SOP 12: Volatiles Monitoring


The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines for the calibration and use ofthe Century Model OVA-128 Organic Vapor Analyzer.

*r—~S j


• Operations manual• An OVA-128 hand readout unit and side pack assembly

• Ultra-pure H2 gas as fuel (99.999 percent pure)• 100 ppm methane as calibration gas

• T-type feeder tube with 1.5 1/min. regulator


ONLY PROPERLY TRAINED PERSONNEL SHOULD USE THIS

INSTRUMENT, FOR SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS. SEE OPERATIONSMANUAL.

Century Model OVA-128 Organic Vapor Analyzer

., • *-/

1. Introduction

The Century Model OVA-128 Organic Vapor Analyzer is designed todetect organic materials in air. It uses a hydrogen flame ionization

detector (FID) as its detection principle. This detector allows the

monitor to respond to a wide variety of organic compounds.

AR3GI60I

2. Operational Checks

a. Connect the hand readout unit's electrical and pneumaticfittings to the side pack assembly.

t

b. Connect probe to the hand readout unit.F

c. Place the "PUMP" switch in the ON position. Check the

battery's condition by placing the "INSTR" switch to theBATT position and observe the response on the hand readout

,-.•••*.'unit. '

d. Place the "INSTR" switch in the ON position.

*

e. Place the "PUMP" switch in the ON position and observethat the "SAMPLE FLOW RATE" indicator shows flow. ^ ,

^^ «

f. Open the "H2 TANK VALVE" and the "H2 SUPPLYVALVE" one turn each. Allow fuel to flow for about I1 minute. • ^,, *

g. Set calibration to XI0. *

h. Press ignitor button and hold (no longer than 6 seconds) until ?

readout unit indicates ignition. *•

i. Use "CALIBRATE" knob to set readout to a reading of 0. fc

AR30I602

3. Calibration

a. Assemble a calibration manifold as described in G.I.3 using

methane as the calibration gas.

b. Set the "CALIBRATION SWITCH" to the appropriateposition for the concentration of the calibration gas. (UsuallyXI0.) .̂

c. Set the span to read 3.0.

d. Connect the instrument's probe to the calibration manifold andallow it to sample the calibration gas.

e. Adjust the span (3.0 ± 2.0) until the readout indicates close to

the concentration of the calibration gas. Check that thereading is approximately the same for the XI00 scale.

f. Place the "CALIBRATION SWITCH" in the "XI" position.and adjust the meter to read 1 ppm so that a flame-out can beobserved before entering the site.

:•" -r

IV. ATTACHMENTS

• Calibration sheet


• Check battery.

• Zero and calibrate.

AR30I603

• Verify sensor probe is working.

• Recharge unit after use.

A complete preventative maintenance program is beyond the scope of this document.

For specific instructions, refer to the operations manual.

• A complete spare instrument should be available whenever field operations

require volatiles monitoring. , ̂.....

• Spare parts should be on hand so minor repairs may be made in the field.

• Batteries should be charged daily.

• Occasionally allow the batteries to totally discharge before recharging toprevent battery memory from occurring.

WDCR701/008.51

AR3QI60lf

{Red)

SOP 13: Explosimeter


The purpose of this procedure is to provide a guideline for field measurements of the

levels of combustible gas and oxygen in air.

H. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Industrial Scientific (MX251) Combustible Gas and Oxygen Indicator, orequivalent meter, which can be field calibrated

• Flow-control regulator and hose

• Calibration gas (50 percent LEL pentane—0.75 percent pentane and15 percent oxygen in nitrogen)

• Equipment calibration data sheet


A. Calibration: The explosimeter must be calibrated before initial daily use.

Record calibration information on equipment calibration data sheet.

Calibration will be performed according to the following procedure:

1. Turn instrument on• Unscrew knurled nut on bottom

• Rotate metal cover 180°

• Tighten knurled nut

AR3QI6Q5

2. Check battery• Check for no ''LoBatt" display—do -not use if LoBatt

displayed

3. Calibrate instrument

• Observe that instrument reads 0 percent LEL and 21 percentOxygen (OX) (record readings)

• Connect sampling pump onto top of instrument• Connect .75 percent Pentane/15 percent oxygen gas (with 1.5

LPM Regulator and direct tubing)• Turn pump ON

• Turn gas ON• Record LEL and O2 after stabilized; LEL must read 50 percent

+/-5 percent; O2 must read 15 percent +/- 5 percent

• Disconnect sample pump and return to charger

B. Sample Measurement: The instrument is then ready for air sampling. Noteand record the readings for percent LEL and percent O-,

IV. ATTACHMENTS

• •• Equipment calibration data sheet

V. KEY CHECKS AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE/

Check that the batteries be adequately charged. Certain materials such as silicone.silicates, and organic lead compounds tend to poison the catalyst in the instrument,

thereby giving erroneously low readings; calibration checks should be madefrequently if such materials are suspected to be present.

AR30I606

(tied)If the CGI does not cal-check within ±5 percent of 50 percent LEL, an internalcalibration must be performed, or the instrument replaced.

WDCR701/009.51

M30I607

SOP 15: Preserving Non-VOC Aqueous Samples

I. PURPOSE

To provide general guidelines for preserving aqueous samples.

n. SCOPE

Standard aqueous sample preservation procedures for non-VOC samples are provided._

m. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Disposable eye droppers

• Clean beakers for transfer of small portions of chemical preservative

• pH paper strips (Range 0 to 14)

• Chemical preservatives, as appropriate

Personal protection, as appropriate

• Clean out door or vented indoor area , ,

IV. PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES

1. Remove caps from sample containers to be chemically preserved in designatedarea. Add appropriate amount of chemical preservative to opened container.To determine the approximate amount of preservative which will be required,

1

AR30I608

:- -r

*

preserve a sample of potable water and calculate the volume of preservativerequired.

2. After adding the appropriate preservatives to the sample containers, capcontainers tightly. Invert sample container a few times to mix.

3. After preserving all the sample containers and mixing, open the container andcheck the pH of the sample by pouring out a small quantity of the sample to aclean receptacle and dipping a pH indicating strip into the sample. Add morepreservative to the sample to adjust the pH, if necessary repeating steps 1 and 2.

. When three time the amount of preservative used to preserve a sample ofpotable water has been added, record the pH and notify the ARCS SampleManager that the sample could not be preserved.

4. Wrap, package, and ice samples according to the CLP User's Guide.

V. ATTACHMENTS

None.

VL KEY CHECK ITEMS

WDCR701/011.51

AR30I609

SOP 16^ Field Rinse Blank Preparation

I. PURPOSE

To prepare a blank to determine adequacy of decon procedures and whetherany cross-contamination is occuring during sampling.

II. SCOPE

The general protocols for preparing the rinse blank is outlined. The actual

equipment to be rinsed will depend on the requirements of the specificsampling procedure.

III. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Blank liquid (use HPLC grade water)

• Sample bottles as appropriate

• Gloves'" T

• Preservatives as appropriate

/


A. Decontaminate all sampling equipment that has come in contact withsample according to SOP 6.

AR30I6IO

B. For volatiles. follow SOP 17. To collect the sample, pour blank

water over one piece of equipment and into two 40-ml vials untilthere is a positive meniscus and seal vials. Note the sample number

and associated piece of equipment in the field notebook.

For non-volatiles. one aliquot is to be used for equipment. Forexample, if a pan and trowel are used, place trowel in pan and pour

blank fluid in pan such that pan and trowel surfaces which contacted

the sample are contacted by the blank fluid. Pour blank fluid frompan into appropriate sample bottles.

Do not let the blank fluid come in contact with any equipment thathas not been decontaminated.

C. Document and ship samples in accordance with the procedures forother samples.

D. Collect next field sample.

V. ATTACHMENTS

None.

VI. KEY CHECKS AND ITEMS

• Wear gloves.

• Do not use any non-decontaminated equipment to prepare blank.

• Use HPLC iirade water.

WDCR701/012.51

A R 3 0 I 6 I I

(Red)

SOP 17: VOC Sampling—Water

I. PURPOSE

To provide general guidelines for sampling aqueous volatile organiccompounds.

II. SCOPE

Standard techniques for collecting representative samples are summarized.Site specific details are discussed in the FSP.

HI. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

• Sample vials• Hydrochloric acid (HC1) for preservation

• pH meter or pH indicating paper

• Surgical or latex gloves


1. Sample VOCs before sampling other analyte groups.

2. When sampling for VOCs. evaluate the area around the samplingpoint for possible sources of air contamination by VOCs. Productsthat may give off VOCs and possibly contaminate a sample include

perfumes and cosmetics, skin applied pharmaceuticals, automotive

products (gasoline, starting fluid, windshield deicers. carburetor

AR30I612

tcleaners, etc.) and household paint products (paint strippers. thinne"rs,turpentine, etc.).

3. To check the amount of hydrochloric acid (HC1) that needs to bei

added at each location, fill a test vial (40 ml) with the water to besampled, add one drop of hydrochloric acid (HC1), gently mix, andcheck the pH. Repeat this cycle (if necessary) until you reach a pHof 2, counting the number of drops of HC1 required. DISCARD THETEST VIAL and add an equal number of drops of HC1 to each of the

sample vials. Proceed to sample.

r4. Keep the caps off the sample vials for as short a time as possible.

5. Wear clean gloves.

6. Fill the sample vial immediately, allowing the water stream to strike• the inner wall of the vial to minimize formation of air bubbles. DONOT RINSE THE SAMPLE VIALS BEFORE FILLING. g

7. Fill the sample vial with a minimum of turbulence, until the water *forms a positive meniscus at the brim. ^*^ *

8. Replace the cap by gently setting it on the water meniscus. Tighten •firmly, but DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN. s

1

9. Invert the vial and tap it lightly. If you see air bubbles in the sample.do not add more sample. Use another vial to collect another sample. „ *Repeat if necessary until you obtain a proper sample.

AR30I6I3

6/K. Samples of some locations may react with HC1 to produce gassesrf̂

this occurs, the sample preservation should be attempted using the

additional preservatives identified in Table 5-2 of the QAPjP.

V. ATTACHMENTS

None.

VL KEY CHECKS AND ITEMS

• Check for possible sources of contamination.• Check pH.

• Fill slowly, with as little turbulence as possible.• Check for air bubbles.

WDCR701/013.51

AR30I6U

SOP 18: VOC Sampling—Solids

The proceedures covered in this SOP are included in SOP 4: Soil Sampling.

WDCR701/016.51

A R 3 Q I 6 I S

EPA Sample Paperwork

The information provided hi this package was designed to assist you hi completing thepaperwork required by EPA for ARCS/Superfund'sampling events. By following thechecklists the possibility of making an error is reduced. Refer to page 3 for tips onavoiding common mistakes.

You will notice as you read through the pages that it is suggested that you complete asmuch of the paperwork hi advance as possible. This will make the sampling event gomuch smoother and will save time. During the sampling event, please keep thefollowing hi mind:

• Always follow the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). Procedures should befollowed as they are described hi this plan.

• Make sure all of the QC requirements are completed as described hi the SAP.

• FedEx or fax copies of the completed paperwork to the Sample Manager (CindyCarr/WDC) every night you ship samples. If EPA or the lab has a question, this willassist in answering the questions.

• If you are hi doubt about anything, please call one of the following people:

Sample Manager: Cindy Carr/WDC (x4361)

Secondary Sample Manager: Ann West/WDC (x4643)

Site Manager (site specific)

/chklist 1 9/14/95

Sample Preparation Checklist

DAS:

• If the sampling event has DAS analyses, the written DAS request must be submitted aminimum of 6 weeks prior to the sampling date(s).

RAS

* For RAS analyses, the written RAS request must be submitted by Monday of theweek before the sampling date(s).

1 Week Before Sampling Event

• Confirm lab assignment by calling the sample manager.

• Review the SAP.

• Confirm location of closest Federal Express location and its closing time. Is this adrop-box only or is it a staffed office location?

• Confirm that enough coolers are available. Remember that inorganic and organicsamples may be shipped to different labs.

• Order sample bottles/containers from equipment warehouse. See attached list forproper sizes and quantities. Include extra bottles in case of breakage.

• Order preservative(s) if required for samples. See attached list for proper preservativeto use for type of analyses requested.

• Order paperwork from sample manager. Make sure to have enough sample tags,sample labels, chain of custody forms (DAS, RAS Inorganic, and RAS Organic),sampling shipping logs, RPS cooler return labels, chain of custody seals.

i • -,.

• Order water-proof pens for filling out sample tags and sample labels. Take at leastone extra pen.

• Order filters for samples with metals analyses that require filtering.

• Order specified water for duplicates and blanks from the equipment warehouse.

• Get Federal Express airbills and plastic sleeves from mailroom for shipping coolers tolab. If medium or high concentration samples will be taken, get FedEx DangerousGoods airbills to ship these samples.

• Order trip blanks (if applicable) from equipment warehouse.

/chklist 2 9/14/95

1 . AR30I6I8

Fill out as much of the sample paperwork as possible before going out to the field. Thisis helpful especially when oversight work is being done at the same time.

Place the corresponding sample tags, sticky labels", and chain of custody forms into anenvelope and identify each envelope for the location where samples are to be taken. Thiswill allow you easy access to the paperwork when sampling at each specific location.

The attached checklists will note which items can be filled out hi advance and whichmust wait until the sampling event

Frequent Problems/Things To Avoid

Make sure dissolved metals and total metals are given separate sample numbers. If thesesamples are given the same number, a memo-to-file will be required later.

Call sample shipping information in to the RAS or DAS contact each day that samplesare shipped.

If samples are being shipped on Friday for a Saturday delivery to the lab, you must callthe RAS or DAS contact before 3:00 p.m. on Friday to arrange for someone to receive thesamples at the lab.

Make sure the correct sample tag number(s) are written on the chain of custody forms.

Make sure the samples and the corresponding MS/MSDs have the same sample number.The MS/MSD are not considered separate samples, rather they are extra volume of thesame sample.

RAS chain of custody paperwork for both organic and inorganic samples requires allblanks to be noted as Field QC/Rinsates (listed in Box 6 of the chain of custody forms).

•" TDAS chain of custody forms should have the full site name included only if the assignedlab is Central Regional Laboratory (CRL). If another lab has been assigned, use onlyinitials of the site to designate the site name. For example, Halby Chemical OU1 wouldbe listed as H.C. OU1 if CRL is NOT the assigned lab. (This does not/apply to the RASorganic/inorganic chain of custody forms.)

/chklist 3 9/14/95

flR30l6!9

BOTTLE TYPE. PRESERVATIVE AND HOLDING TIMES BY ANALYSIS

ffcqueous/ ' . _________

Alkalinity 11 liter ooty I None 1 14 days

Analysis I Bottle Tvpe___Preservative : Holding Time

BNA/Semtvolatiles iSOozamoer (None 17 days

Bromide (Bri Hitter poly

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 11 liter polymawsvmm

None______128 days

H2SO4oH

BOTTLE TYPE. PRESERVATIVE AND HOLDING TIMES BY ANALYSIS

g&xttZSedimenvAnalysis i Bottle Type i Preservative i Holdinq Time

BNA/Semivolatiles_________|8oz glass None tOdavs

Bromide (Br) N/A N/A N/A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODV i 802 glass

Color IN/A

None 28davs

N/A______ IN/A

Dlssoivea Organic Carbon tODCl ;N/A IN/A IN/A

Ruonde (F)____ |N/A N/A N/A

Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6) IN/A N/A N/A

Metals_______ laoz glass None 6 months oreserved !

Nitrite (NO21________ |N/A N/A | N/A

OH and Grease (O&G) |N/A N/A | N/A

Phenol 1802 gtass None 128 davs

Silica i sn N/A ;N/A N/A

'Suifide IN/A IN/A i N/A

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS1 IN/A IN/A |N/A28;idavs:

Total Organic Carbon (TOO IN/A IN/A

ORGANIC TRAFFIC REPORT/CHAIN OF CUSTODY

RAS Sample Paperwork

Fill out the COC forms with available information. Use this checklist as a guide to which itemscan be completed hi advance and which must be completed at time of sampling.

See attached sample of Organic Traffic Report/Chain of Custody Record form.

Completed A - Can Be Completed In AdvanceB > Can Be Completed In Advance If Information Is Received BeforeSampling]Case No. - This is the RAS number assigned when the laboratory assignmentis made. If CRL is the laboratory, no RAS number is used.

[B: leave blank if lab assignment is not received before sampling date]

Project Code and Account Code - These will be listed on the lab assignmentform given to you by the sample manager or you may call the samplemanager.

Sampler Name and Sampler Signature - You may complete these items inadvance if you will be performing the sampling.

Site Name, City, State, and Site Spill ID - These can be completed inadvance. If this project has more than one site location, include the specificsite designation, such as OU1, OU2, Area 2, etc. For example, No. PennArea 2~Hallowell.

Purpose - Indicate with an "X" the type of activity.

Ship To - Write in the name and address of the laboratory receiving thesamples. A separate form is used for each laboratory if more than one isassigned. Next to the ATTN: line write in "Sample Custodian".No telephone number is listed in this box.


CLP Sample Numbers -The sample numbers should be from the organicsticky labels (numbers begin with "C").

Item A Matrix - Indicate the matrix for the sample by inserting theappropriate number from Box 6. NOTE: blanks and duplicates should belisted as "4 - Field QC".

/SAMPLEMG/orglistdoc , • 1 9/14/95

AR30I622

I

Organic TrRASSampCompleted

•

affic Report/Chain Of Custodyie PaperworkA - Can Be Completed In Advance[B - Can Be Completed In Advance If Information Is Received BeforeSampling]Item B Concentration - L for low is used for the majority of samples. Ifmedium or high concentrations are sampled, refer to the SAP for specialhandling and shipping instructions. M and H concentrations must be shippedas dangerous goods.L= 15 ppm up to 150,000 ppm of any one contaminantH= >150,000 ppm of any one contaminant

Item C Sample Type - indicate "Comp" for composite andJXJrab" for grabfor each sample.

Item D Preservative - If a preservative is used, see Box 7 for the appropriatenumber to insert hi this box.

Item £ RAS Analysis - Place an "X" hi the appropriate box.

Item F Tag Numbers - Write in the number from the tag used for eachsample. If more than 1 tag is used and the numbers are in consecutive orderyou can listed them by using a dash. Example: 3-1263634 - 37 indicates 4tags hi consecutive sequence were used.

Item G Station Location Number - This is CH2M HILL's designation forthe sample location. Example: MW-2 Bldg 68 would indicate monitoringwell 2 at building 68 for the site. NOTE: Use this same station locationnumber on the sample tag(s).

Item I Corresponding CLP Inorg. Sample No. - If inorganic sample(s) arebeing taken from this location at the same tune, enter the inorganic samplenumber from the bottle. Leave blank if none are being taken.

Item J Sampler Initials - If you are performing the sampling you may fill hiyour initials.

Item K Designated Field QC - Enter the following letters to indicate theappropriate blanks: "B" field/trip blanks, "R" equipment blanks. Forduplicates and spikes write in the corresponding sample number that is beingduplicated: "D" duplicates, "S" spikes.

Sample To Be Used for Laboratory QC- Use only for MS/MSDs. Write inthe sample number from the sticky label for each sample with MS/MSDs.

/SAMPLEMG/orgiistdoc 2 A R 301623 9/14/95

Organic Traffic Report/Chain Of CustodyRAS Sample Paperwork

Completed

-

C - Must Be Completed In The Field At Time of Sampling

Date Shipped, Carrier, and Airbill Number - Enter the date the cooler isshipped to the lab. The carrier will be "Fed Ex". Enter the FedEx airbill numberused for the cooler being shipped. The same airbill number may be used formore than one form if the forms are being shipped in the same cooler.

Item H Month/Day/Year/Time Sample Collection - Enter the date of samplecollection and enter the time in military notation (example 2:00 p.m. is listed as1400; 5:30 pjn. as 1730)

*f~"** ~~y

Shipment for Case Complete - If additional sampling will be done for this RAScase number indicate "N". If no more samples will be collected for this RAScase number indicate "Y".

Page 1 of - If only one page, indicate "1". If more than one page, enter the totalnumber of pages used.

Additional Sampler Signatures - If another person assisted with sarniecollection have them sign in this box.

Chain of Custody Seal Number(s) - Region III does not use seal numbers. Usethis box to indicate the 4-digit cooler return number from the RPS bar code(lower right side under the bar code).

Relinquished By (Signature), Date/Time - Sign, date, and enter as military timewhen the cooler containing the- listed samples is filled and ready for shipment.

See attached examples of a completed Organic Traffic Report/Chain of Custody form.

MAKE A COPY OF THE COMPLETED CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM ANDFORWARD IT TO CINDY CARR/WDC.

/SAMPLEMG/orglistdoc 3 9/14/95

AR30I62I*

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INORGANIC TRAFFIC REPORT/CHAIN OF CUSTODY

RAS Sample Paperwork

Fill out the COC forms with available information. Use this checklist as a guide to which itemscan be completed in advance and which must be completed at time of sampling. See attachedsample of Inorganic Traffic Report/Chain of Custody Record form.

Completed A - Can Be Completed In Advance[B • Can Be Completed In Advance If Information Is Received BeforeSampling]Case No. - This is the RAS number assigned when the laboratory assignmentis made. If CRL is the laboratory, no RAS number is used.


Project Code and Account Code - These will be listed on the lab assignmentform given to you by the sample manager or you may call the samplemanager.

Sampler Name and Sampler Signature - You may complete these items inadvance if you will be performing the sampling.

Site Name, City, State, and Site Spill ID - These can be completed inadvance. If this project has more than one site location, include the specificsite designation, such as OU1, OU2, Area 2, etc. For example, No. PermArea 2-Hallowell.

Purpose - Indicate with an "X" the type of activity.

Ship To - Write in the name and address of the laboratory receiving thesamples. A separate form is used for each laboratory if more than one isassigned. Next to the ATTN: line write hi "Sample Custodian".No telephone number is listed in this box.


CLP Sample Numbers -The sample numbers should be from the inorganicsticky labels (numbers begin with "M"). NOTE: Filtered and unfilteredsamples should have different sample numbers. Place an "*" next to thefiltered sample number.

Item A Matrix - Indicate the matrix for the sample by inserting theappropriate number from Box 6. NOTE: blanks and duplicates should belisted as "4 - Field QC".

/SAMPLEMG/inorgiistdoc 1 AR30I627 9/14/95

t\W Inorganic Traffic Report/Chain Of CustodyRAS Sample Paperwork

Completed A - Can Be Completed In Advance[B - Can Be Completed In Advance If Information Is Received BeforeSampling]Item B Concentration - L for low is used for the majority of samples. Ifmedium or high concentrations are sampled, refer to the SAP for specialhandling and shipping instructions. M and H concentrations must be shippedas dangerous goods.L= 15 ppm up to 150,000 ppm of any one contaminantH= > 150,000 ppm of any one contaminant

•>.- -- -3Item C Sample Type - indicate "Comp" for composite and "Grab" for grabfor each sample.

Item D Preservative - If a preservative is used, see Box 7 for the appropriatenumber to insert in this box.

Item £ RAS Analysis - Place an "X" hi the appropriate box.

Item F Tag Numbers - Write in the number from the tag used for eachsample. If more than 1 tag is used and the numbers are in consecutive orderyou can listed them by using a dash. Example: 3-1263634 - 37 indicates 4tags in consecutive sequence were used.

Item G Station Location Number - This is CH2M HILL's designation forthe sample location. Example: MW-2 Bldg 68 would indicate monitoringwell 2 at building 68 for the site. NOTE: Use this same station locationnumber on the sample tag(s).

Item I Corresponding CLP Org. Sample No. - If inorganic sample(s) arebeing taken from this location at the same time, enter the inorganic samplenumber from the bottle. Leave blank if none are being taken.

Item J Sampler Initials - If you are performing the sampling you may fill inyour initials.

Item K Designated Field QC - Enter the following letters to indicate theappropriate blanks: "B" field/trip blanks, "R" equipment blanks. Forduplicates and spikes write in the corresponding sample number that is beingduplicated: "D" duplicates, "S" spikes.

Sample To Be Used for Laboratory QC- Use only for MS/MSDs. Write inthe sample number from the sticky label for each sample with MS/MSDs.

/SAMPLEMG/inorglistdoc 2 • r> rt rt I r O O 9/14/95AR30 I

Inorganic Traffic Report/Chain Of CustodyRAS Sample Paperwork

Completed C - Must Be Completed In The Field At Time of Sampling

Date Shipped, Carrier, and Airbill Number - Enter the date the cooler isshipped to the lab. The carrier will be "Fed Ex". Enter the FedEx airbillnumber used for the cooler being shipped. The same airbill number may beused for more than one form if the forms are being shipped in the same cooler.

Item H Month/Day/Year/Time Sample Collection - Enter the date ofsample collection and enter the time in military notation (example 2:00 p.m. islisted as 1400; 5:30 p.m. as 1730)

Shipment for Case Complete - If additional sampling will be done for thisRAS case number indicate "N". If no more samples will be collected for thisRAS case number indicate "Y".

Page 1 of - If only one page, indicate "1". If more than one page, enter thetotal number of pages used.

Additional Sampler Signatures - If another person assisted with samplecollection have them sign in this box.

Chain of Custody Seal Numbers) - Region ffl does not use seal numbers.Use this box to indicate the 4-digit cooler return number from the RPS barcode (lower right side under the bar code).

Relinquished By (Signature), Date/Time - Sign, date, and enter as militarytime when the cooler containing the listed samples is filled and ready forshipment.

See attached examples of a completed Inorganic Traffic Report/Chain of Custody form.

MAKE A COPY OF THE COMPLETED CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM ANDFORWARD IT TO CINDY CARR/WDC.

/SAMPLEMG/inorgiistdoc 3 9/15/95

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SAMPLE TAGS

DAS and RAS Sample Paperwork

Fill out the sample tag with available information. Use this checklist as a guide to whichitems can be completed hi advance and which must be completed at time of sampling.See attached example of completed sample tag.

Completed A - Can Be Completed In Advance

Project Code - This will be listed on the lab assignment form given to you by thesample manager or you may call the sample manager. It should match the projectcode on the chain of custody form.

Station No. - CH2M HILL's designation. This should be the same as the stationnumber entered on the chain of custody form.

Designate: Comp/Grab - Place an "X" hi the appropriate box to indicate if sampleis a composite or grab sample.

Station Location - This is CH2M HILL's designation for the sample location. Forexample, MW-2 Bldg 68 would indicate monitoring well 2 at building 68 for thesite. NOTE: Use the same station location number that was entered on the DAS orRAS chain of custody form.

Analyses - Place an "X" hi the appropriate box.

Remarks - Write the DAS number or RAS Case number, the name of anypreservative(s) used hi the sample, and the sample number from the sample bottlelabel. DAS sample numbers will be the 10 digit/character number assigned by thesampler. RAS sample numbers will be the organic or inorganic number from thesticky labels which begin with either a C or an M. If sample is filtered, write theword "filtered" in this section.

Completed C - Must Be Completed In The Field At Time of Sampling

Preservative - Indicate whether or not a preservative is used. If "Yes" is checked,write the preservative name in the "Remarks" section on the bottom of the tag.Example: "HC1" if hydrochloric acid is used as a preservative.

Month/Day /Y ear and Time - Enter the date of sample collection and enter the timein military notation (example 2:00 p.m. is listed as 1400; 5:30 p.m. as 1730).

See attached examples of a completed sample tag.

/SAMPLEMG/samptag.doc 1 9/13/95

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Samplers Nightly Shipping Information

The Samplers Nightly Shipping Information form documents which samples are being shipped.Do NOT write any other information on this form. Do NOT write the site name or location onthis form.

RAS Samples: Call SMO Carol Shaeffer and fax a copy of the completed form to her.DAS Samples: Call RPOC Jim McKenzie and fax a copy of the completed form to him.

Completed A' - Can Be Completed in Advance

RAS/DAS Number - Write in the RAS/DAS case number for the samples beingshipped. Make extra copies of the form if additional sample shipments will be made

Region - Write in " ffl " for EPA Region m.

Your Name - If you are shipping the sample cooler,write in your name.i •,.

Lab Name, City, State, Contact/Phone Number - Write in the name, address,contact, and telephone number for the assigned lab. (This information may becompleted by the sample manager in advance).

Completed C - Must Be Completed At Time of Shipment I

Date of Shipment - Enter the date the FedEx shipment is being sent out. "̂ 1

FedEx Airbill Number -Enter the FedEx airbill number for the cooler being shipped. I

Number of Samples - Write the total number of samples for each matrix, analysis. 1concentration.

Type of Samples - Indicate AQ for aqueous and S for solid. You may include inparenthesis whether they are GW, SW, Sed, etc.

Analysis of Samples - Write in each analysis to be performed for the samples.

Concentration - Indicate L for low, M for medium, H for high. If M or Hconcentration samples are being shipped, refer to the guidebook for shippingdangerous goods for specific shipment requirements.

Shipment Complete (Yes or No) - Circle the correct response. If additional sampleshipments will be made for this RAS/DAS case number, circle No.

Next Shipment - If additional sample coolers will be shipped, write in the date youexpect to ship them. 4fe

/shipiistdoc 1 9/13/95

CH2MHTLL

Samplers Nightly Shipping Information - To be filled out by the samplers every night of shipping and faxedtoSMOorRPOC(r

Date of Shipment:

RAS/DAS Number:

Your Name: ( r"

nake copies of this form when received so multiple shippings can be recorded).

(A) ' FedEx AirbiU Number: GO

(n ) -' Region: CfD

D~Number ofSamplesro

Type ofSamplesto

Shipment Complete: (Yes or No

Lab Name: (n )

Analysis of Samples

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Concentration

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} - ̂ L) Next Shipment: CtJ

Lab (Citv, State): (iD

Contact/Phone Number: ( n )

Samplers remember:

• Call before 3:00 pm on FRIDAY for Saturday delivery.• Call and fax daily so that someone is aware you are sending samples.• Do not write any requests or anything else on this piece of paper.• Send Cindy Carr/WDC a copy of this form along with the other paperwork for the site files.

RAS Samples:/

Contact Carol Shaeffer at (703) 519-1461SMO's fax number is (703) 519-8626

DAS Samples:

Contact RPOC James McKenzie at (215) 597-3229RPOC fax number is (215) 597-9890

CRL Laboratory: CRL DOES NOT ACCEPT SATURDAY DELIVERY

Contact Fay Hall/Sample Custodian at (410) 573-2608CRL fax number is (410) 573-2702.

/saiplingrat/shipping.doc 9/7/95AR301635

EPA Sample Shipping Log

The sample shipping log must be filled out after the sampling event is completed. This can bedone after you have returned to the office. Each RAS/DAS case number must have a separateshipping log. [If different labs receive samples for the same RAS/DAS case number, they maybe included on the same shipping log.]

See the attached sample of a completed shipping log. Numbers in () correspond to numbers incolumns of sample form.

Completed To Be Completed on ALL Sample Shipping Logs

(1) Page 1 of - Indicate how many pages are included in this shipping log(1,2, etc.)

Project Site Name - Write the complete site name and any location indicator.For example No. Penn Area 2-Hallowell or Halby Chemical OU1.

EPA Proj. Officer - Enter the name of the RPM for this site.

RAS No. or DAS No - Fill hi the appropriate number. Remember, a separateshipping log is completed for each RAS/DAS case number. The DAS numbershould include "R3" at the beginning of the number.

Project Site Leader and Phone No.- Write hi the CH2M HILL project sitemanagers name and office telephone number.

Project Sample Coordinator and Phone No. - Write in Cindy Carr, (703)471-1441.

(2) QC Sample Information and/or Comments - Indicate all sample QCinformation, such as field blank, trip blank, equipment blank, MS/MSD, orduplicate. If QC is a duplicate, write in"Dup of " and indicate the samplenumber that is duplicated.

(3) Concentration - Indicate low, medium or high.

(4) Sample Phase - Indicate AQ for aqueous, Sol for solid. You may also useGW, SW, soil, sludge, sediment.

(5) Type of Request (Organic, Inorganic, or DAS) - Write in ORG fororganic, INORG for inorganic or DAS if log is for a DAS case number.

(6) EPA Sample No - For RAS case numbers, enter the sample number fromthe organic or inorganic sticky labels. For DAS case numbers, enter the 10character sample number.

/logiistdoc 1 fl R q n I r o c 9/14/95AR30I636

Completed To Be Completed on ALL Sample Shipping Logs

RAS Organics or Inorganics: - If the shipping log is for a RAS case numbercomplete items numbered (7), (8), and (9). If shipping log is for a DAS case number,mark this section out with a large "X".

(7) Lab Name - All CLP labs have abbreviations for the lab name. This informationis provided on the lab assignment form from the sample manager or call the samplemanager.

(8) Date Shipped - Date the sample cooler is shipped to the lab. NOT the date thesample was taken.

(9) Data Received - Place an "X" hi each column for items NOT requested.

(10) DAS Request (Details Required) - If applicable, write in the type of analysisrequested for the samples. Designate a number for each analysis, then write thenumber in the space for (12) DAS Request below this box. [For example, write "1-Low Concentration VOAs, 2- Alkalinity, etc. You would write a "1" in the columnfor DAS Request for each sample requiring analysis for LC VOAs. Write a "2" foreach sample requiring analysis for alkalinity.]. Indicate the type of chemicalpreservative used, if any. If no chemical preservative(s) used, write "ice only".Complete items marked (1 1), (12), and (13) on the sample log form.

If the shipping log is for a RAS case number, mark this section out with a large "X".This includes (1 1) lab name, (12) DAS request, (13) date shipped, and data rec'dcolumns.

(11) Lab Name - All CLP labs have abbreviations for the lab name. Thisinformation is provided on the lab assignment form from the sample manager or callthe sample manager.

(12) DAS Request (Itemize) - Use the designated number for each analysis as listedin box (10). [For example, if you designated "1" for Low Concentration VOAs, "2"for Alkalinity, etc., you would write a "1" in the column for each sample requiringLC VOA analysis and a "2" for each sample requiring alkalinity analysis.].

(13) Date Shipped - Date the sample cooler is shipped to the lab. NOT the date thesample was taken.

Data Rec'd - [Last column on the right side of form]. Do NOT write anything inthis column. For CRL use only.

Final Sampling: Yes or No- Check the appropriate box. If no further sampleswill be shipped for this RAS/DAS case number, check YES.

Final Shipping Date - If "NO" is checked for final sampling, indicate the date forfinal shipment.

AR3QI637 9/14/95

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Review and Distribution of Paperwork

Before completing a sample shipment you may wish to review this list of miscellaneousitems. If you have any questions please contact Cindy Carr/WDC at ext. 4361.

• If the sample shipment will be delayed or canceled or if the number of samples to beshipped has changed you must notify the sample manager (Cindy Carr, 703/471-6405,ext 4361). An explanation will be required by EPA.

• Confirm the DAS/RAS case numbers are listed correctly on the tags, labels, andforms.

• Each sample must have a complete sample number on the label. RAS case numbersamples should have a preprinted sticky label with an organic or inorganic samplenumber. DAS case number samples should have a 10 character sample numberwhich consists of the DAS number, month and day of sampling, and a three characternumber assigned by the sampler which identifies the sample.

• MS/MSD samples should have the same sample number as the original sample. Donot assign different sample numbers.

• Sample bottles, tags, and all report forms should have the same date and time ofsampling.

• Neatly cross out any changes with a single line. Initial and date the change. Use ofcorrection fluid is prohibited.

• Include the FedEx airbill number on the report forms.

• The chain of custody records must have a signature in the "Relinquished By" sectionof the form and the date and time of sample shipment.

• All report forms placed in a cooler should be sealed inside a plastic bag and taped tothe cooler lid. The lab should receive the last 2 sheets of the RAS chain of custodyrecords for organic and inorganic samples and the top sheet of the EPA DAS chain ofcustody record. Place the RPS cooler return shipping paperwork in the plastic bagalong with these forms. Sample shipping logs are NOT included with this paperworkand are not sent to the laboratory.

• Tags must be securely attached to each sample container. Do not use tape on acontainer lid to secure a tag. Tape may be used on the sample tag string to preventthe tag from slipping off the container.

• If appropriate, place sample container(s) hi separate, sealed plastic bags.

• Place ice in a plastic bag and seal it securely to minimize leakage during shipment.

/misclistdoc 1 9/14/95

AR30I6M'

Review and Distribution of Paperwork

• Place EPA chain of custody seals on opposite ends of the cooler and secure with cleartape to prevent accidental breakage during shipment.

• CH2M HILL's return address should be written on the top left side of the cooler lid.

• The laboratory name, address, and telephone number should be clearly written on theFedEx airbill. Write "Sample Custodian" hi the 'TO:" address box.

• All samples must be shipped FedEx priority overnight Do NOT use a GS A airbillbecause GSA shipments are not guaranteed for overnight priority delivery.

• If a sample shipment needs to be sent on a Friday, confirm that the laboratory willaccept a Saturday delivery. If the lab has confirmed they will receive a Saturday rdelivery, mark the FedEx airbill for Saturday delivery. '

• For DAS case numbers, contact Jim McKenzie/EPA RPOC and fax a copy of thenightly shipping information form when a sample cooler is being shipped.

• For RAS case numbers, contact Carol Schaeffer/EPA Sample Management Officeand fax a copy of the nightly shipping information form when a sample cooler isbeing shipped.

ff

• If CRL is the assigned laboratory, contact Fay Hall, Sample Custodian when a samplecooler is being shipped. Fax a copy of the nightly shipping information form.

• After returning to the office complete the sample shipping log.

• A copy of all completed forms is sent to the sample manager/WDC and to EPARegion III.

The original top copy of a RAS organic (blue) or inorganic (green) chain ofcustody record form, a photocopy of a DAS chain of custody form, and aphotocopy of a sample shipping log must be mailed to:

Carolyn SierraU.S. EPA Region IEQuality Assurance Branch201 Defense Highway, Suite 200Annapolis, MD 21401

The second copy of the RAS organic (pink) or inorganic (pink) chain of custodyrecord form must be mailed to:

Carol SchaefferU.S. EPA Region inSample Management Office (SMO)P.O. Box 818Alexandria, VA 22313

/misciistdoc 2 9/14/95

Memo-To-File

When errors are made in the completion of sample paperwork a memo-to-file must becompleted to document the required correction. Listed below is the required informationwhich must be included in each memo-to-file. This required information must includeidentification of the error(s) and the required correction. A separate memo-to-file shouldbe prepared for each RAS or DAS case number.

NOTE: If the assigned laboratory was not CRL the site name can NOT be included in thememo-to-file.

• RAS/DAS case number• FedEx airbill numbers) of the sample cooler• Date of the cooler shipment*- Chain of Custody Record document number*- Sample numbers)

Tag numbers)Sampling datesAnalysis requested for sample(s)Description of error and required correctionSampler signature

The signed original memo-to-file must be sent to the sample custodian for the assignedlaboratory. In addition, copies must be sent to the following individuals:

• EPA RPM for the site.

• Carolyn Sierra/RSCC/CRLU.S. EPA Region IIIQuality Assurance Branch201 Defense Highway, Suite 200Annapolis, MD 21401

• For DAS case numbers: For RAS case numbers:Jim McKenzie/RPOCU.S. EPA Region III841 Chestnut Building, MC3HW43Philadelphia, PA 19107-4431

• Cindy Carr/WDC, CH2M HILL Sample Manager

If you need additional information or assistance contact Cindy Carr/WDC at ext. 4361.

/mtflistdoc 1 9/14/95

AR30I6W

GniGIKAL•n

Halby Chemical Company

Operable Unit (OU) 2

Health and Safety Plan

Revised July 1993

10026315.SEA/17/27/93

ContentsPage

1.0 Project Information and Description 11.1 Site Description 11.2 Site History and Chronology of Previous Actions 11.3 Aerial Photography Review 5

2.0 Project Organization and Tasks to be Performed UnderThis Plan 62.1 Project Organization ' 62.2 Description of Tasks 62.3 Description of Subcontractors 6

3.0 Hazard Evaluation and Control 73.1 Heat Stress 7

3.1.1 Guidelines for Working in Heat Temperature ExtremesWhile Wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 7

3.1.2 Flexible Scheduling 7'3.1.3 Personnel Assignments 73.1.4 Acclimatization 83.1.5 Fluid Replacement g3.1.6 Training g3.1.7 Cooling Personal Protective Devices g3.1.8 Symptoms and Treatment of Heat and Cold Stress 9

3.2 Cold Stress 93.2.1 Guidelines for Working in Cold Temperature Extremes

While Wearing PPE 103.2.2 Work Schedule Adjustment 103.2.3 Diet and Fluids 103.2.4 Acclimatization 103.2.5 Provide Warm Break Areas 103.2.6 Train Workers 103.2.7 Adequate Clothing and Changes of Clothes 103.2.8 Encourage Physical Fitness 103.2.9 Symptoms and Treatment of Cold Stress 1 1

3.3 General Physical (Safety) Hazards and Controls 113.3.1 Civil Surveying Physical (Safety) Hazards and

Controls 1 13.3.2 Geophysic Investigation Physical (Safety) Hazards

and Controls 123.3.3 Soil Boring Physical (Safety) Hazards and Control 12

100263 le.SEAjm/l7/30/93

3.3.4 Groundwater Well Installation Physical (Safety)Hazards and Controls 13

3.3.5 Groundwater Sampling Physical (Safety) Hazardsand Controls 13

3.3.6 Surface Water Investigation Physical (Safety)Hazards and Controls 13

3.3.7 Wetlands Investigation Physical (Safety) Hazardsand Controls 14

3.3.8 Benthic/Fish Sampling Physical (Safety) Hazardsand Controls 14

3.3.9 Sump Sampling Physical

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