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8/13/2019 Alternative Water Sources for Shale Gas Development (2012)
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Alternative Water Sources
for Shale Gas Development
David AllemanDan Arthur, P.E., SPEC
ALL Consulting
SPE Workshop
Reducing Environmental Impact of Unconventional
Resource Development
San Antonio, TX
April 23-25, 2012
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Fresh Water Supply Concerns
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Forecasted national increase of 70million people in next 25 years.
Approximately 180 trillion gallons ofgroundwater have been depleted in theU.S. during the 20thCentury alone.
In the US, 21 percent of irrigation isachieved by pumping groundwater atrates that exceed the water suppliesability to recharge.
Domestic, industrial, and agriculturalusers are left to compete for thenations diminishing freshwater
resources.
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Droughts
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Texas
Western U.S.
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Access
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Permits Federal
State
River Basins Commissions
Water Districts
Water Rights
Water wars in traditionallywet regions
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Alternative Water Sources
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Reduce demand on fresh water supplies May allow for full capacity operation
when conventional water sources
become scarce Can Reduce costs
Can improve community relations
Can either supplement or replace freshwater sources
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Potential Alternative Sources
Industrial Waste Water
Produced Water
Saline Groundwater
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
Abandoned Mine Pools
Mine Discharges
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Industrial Waste Water
Highly Variable Quality
Quantity
Location
Tend to be stable supplies
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Produced Water
Produced water Conventional
Re-use in shale operations
Variable -the quantity and quality of produced water canvary greatly from basin to basin, from well to well, and overtime from the same well
Produced water is from conventional oil can be a stable
source Not available in all shale plays
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Produced Water
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Saline Aquifers
Saline AquifersTDS concentrations of 1,00035,000 mg/L Many are relatively shallow (< 1,000 ft.)
The quantity and quality of water can vary greatly from aquifer toaquifer, from well to well, with depth, and over time from the same
well Has the potential to provide stable water supply
Large quantities of saline water may be available in many regionsthroughout the U.S.
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Saline Aquifers
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POTWs
Municipal sewage treatment plants - typically treated to removesuspended solids, adjust pH, and to remove organics (nutrients)
No treatment or data for TDSgenerally not a problem
The quantity and quality of POTW effluent is fairly consistent
Stable, long-term source
Organic load can still be fairly high
May require treatment to avoid biofouling
Using this water may have a positive environmental impact, but
Some streams are dependent upon these flows
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POTWs
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Alternate Source Considerations
Regional Availability
Quantity
Quality
Consistent? treatment?
Proximity/Transportation
Liability?
Access Permits
Water Rights
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Alternative Water Source Data
Data quantity, quality, and availability:
Varies substantially between water sources
Varies substantially within a water source Data for alternative sources is, understandably,
limited
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AWSISSystem Design
On-line, GIS based system using a Google-Earth Interface Compatible with:
Mac and PC systems
Most popular browsers
Microsoft Platform (SQL Server, .NET Framework) forenhanced compatibility and ease of updates
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AWSISUse and Information
Select a location by clicking a map symbol or by searching forplant name or operator
System displays:
Summary power plant information
Whether alternate water sources occur within a given radius Click again to see:
Detailed data for each available water source (exportable toExcel)
Default is 15 mi. - can be reset up to 100 mi.
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Summary
Site-specific analysis is necessary to determine if agiven alternate water source is feasible for use
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Viability of Alternate Water Sources
Each alternate source presents challenges
As energy demands and stresses on fresh water supplies increase, over-comingthese challenges will become more feasible
AWSIS
Internet-based application with a Google-Earth interface that
allows for easy identification of potential alternative watersources
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To Access AWSIS
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http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/
ALL Consulting, 2012
http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/8/13/2019 Alternative Water Sources for Shale Gas Development (2012)
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David Allemandalleman@all
llc.com
ALL Consulting
www.ALL-LLC.com
Contact Information
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Citation: Alleman, D., ALL Consulting ,and Arthur, J.D., ALL Consulting Alternative Water
Sources for Shale Gas Development. Presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers
Advanced Technology Workshop (ATW) on Reducing Environmental Impact of Unconventional
Resource Development, April 23-25, 2012.
ALL Consulting, 2012