AM Com NonLegOpinion - Europa

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EN United in diversity EN

European Parliament2019-2024

Committee on Industry, Research and Energy

2020/2216(INI)

21.12.2020

AMENDMENTS1 - 160Draft opinionNicola Beer(PE660.166v01-00)

Shaping the digital future of Europe: removing barriers to the functioning of the digital single market and improving the use of AI for European consumers(2020/2216(INI))

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AM_Com_NonLegOpinion

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Amendment 1Elena Kountouraon behalf of the GUE/NGL Group

Draft opinionParagraph 1

Draft opinion Amendment

1. Highlights that European leadership can be a reality; notes that a second wave of digitalisation lies ahead; underlines that a common EU approach can make Europe the most innovative region in the world by 2030;

1. Highlights that the EU must ensure its digital sovereignty and strategic autonomy in the digital field by leading the way in developing and using trustworthy and human-centric AI technologies and applications that benefit people and society as a whole, while at the same time ensuring a high level of transparency, data protection, ethical standards, digital and fundamental rights protection, and defining global standards in these areas; notes that a second wave of digitalisation based on industrial data lies ahead; underlines that a common EU sustainable approach to technologies creates a competitive edge and can make Europe the most innovative region in the world by 2030 by developing and deploying cutting-edge, transparent, ethical and secure AI technologies and applications on the basis of the Union's values; underlines that tackling the digital divide and digital literacy is key for Europe to be at the forefront of this second digitalisation wave; stresses that the EU can only reap the full benefits of AI technologies if it is available and accessible to all;

Or. en

Amendment 2Evžen Tošenovský, Elżbieta Kruk, Margarita de la Pisa Carrión


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1. Highlights that European leadership in digital transition can be a reality; notes that a second wave of digitalisation lies ahead; underlines that a common EU approach can contribute to making Europe the most competitive and innovative region respected worldwide by 2030;

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Amendment 3Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Sara Skyttedal, Tomas Tobé, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras




1. Highlights that European leadership can be a reality; establishes the ambition to make the EU a world leader in digital innovation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) development; notes that a second wave of digitalisation lies ahead; underlines that a common EU approach can make Europe the most innovative region in the world by 2030; highlights that digital transformation encompasses all policy areas and is boundless by nature; emphasizes that AI deployment by European industries is key to economic growth and innovations, enhances security and resilience, and strengthens the geopolitical and strategic relevance of the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 4Carlos Zorrinho, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Robert Hajšel, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Adriana Maldonado López, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Nicolás González Casares, Patrizia Toia, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili, Ivo Hristov

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1. Highlights that European leadership can be a reality; notes that a second wave of digitalisation lies ahead; underlines that a common EU approach can make Europe the most innovative region in the world by 2030; stresses that digital revolution must contribute to sustainable development and benefit all citizens, while balancing the economic, ethical and environmental dimensions; further recognises that AI is an engine for sustainable transformation;

Or. en

Amendment 5Ivo Hristov, Carlos Zorrinho




1. Highlights that European leadership can be a reality; notes that a second wave of digitalisation lies ahead; underlines that a common EU approach can make Europe the most innovative region in the world by 2030; recalls in this regard the need to urgently address the existing urban-rural digital divide;

Or. en

Amendment 6Eva Kaili, Robert Hajšel, Patrizia Toia, Marina Kaljurand, Ivo Hristov

Draft opinionParagraph 1 a (new)

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1 a. Recommends that Europe must analyse the challenges for consumers created by AI and make the EU’s consumer rights standards fit for the 21st century. Therefore it must establish an AI European Certificate of Compliance with Ethical Principles to ensure European citizens trust on AI; This Certificate should be granted by an independent, public certification organisation after a thorough assessment of compliance with the Ethical Requirements put forward by the High Level Expert Group on AI. The certification criteria and requirements for assessing the compliance will be drawn by this body in cooperation with the Commission and the Member States. Suggests that certification and auditing mechanisms at both the national and EU levels for automated data processing and decision-making techniques should be developed to ensure their compliance with ethical principles and values. Monitoring of compliance should be proportionate to the nature and degree of risk associated with the operation of the artificial intelligence application or system;

Or. en

Amendment 7Nicola Beer



1 a. Highlights that market fragmentation prevents companies to scale up rapidly and to create synergies and economies of scale, underlines that more harmonisation with a high level of protection of consumers across all Member States is also the best way to build trust to Europeans when using

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services of buying goods cross border and facilitate the development of technologies. Reminds that according to estimates of the European Parliament Research Service in its 'Costs of non-Europe in the Single Market' study that completing the SingleMarket would entail economic gains ranging from 651 billion to 1.1 Trillion EURO per year, equivalent to a range of 5 %to 8.63% of EU GDP;

Or. en

Amendment 8Mikuláš Peksaon behalf of the Verts/ALE Group



1 a. Calls on the Commission to assess the environmental impact of data sharing and the infrastructures required to ensure a sustainable digital deployment in line with the Green Deal.; Stresses that, despite the current high carbon footprint of development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, including automated decisions and machine learning, those technologies can contribute to the reduction of the current environmental footprint of the ICT sector; calls for the introduction of an EU digital sustainability index based on an analysis of product life cycles;

Or. en


Draft opinion

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Paragraph 1 a (new)


1 a. Emphasizes the need to further support the uptake by the public sector and the EU industry, notably SMEs and start-ups, of advanced digital and related technologies, including in particular high performance computing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity as well as other leading edge and future technologies, such as distributed ledgers;

Or. en




1 a. Demands that digital connectivity should be a key element to address; calls to the Commission to urgently address the existing digital divide and analyse the impact of digital technologies with regards to unequal access to technology, on the depopulation phenomenon and disparities in connectivity across the Member States;

Or. en

Amendment 11Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras


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1 a. Emphasizes that out of the three key objectives defined in the Communication on Shaping Europe’s Digital Future, digital competitiveness and economic growth are irreplaceable prerequisites for building an open, democratic, and sustainable society, powered by technology that works for people;

Or. en


Draft opinionParagraph 1 b (new)


1 b. Welcomes the seven key principles and the objectives put forward by Member States in the Berlin Declaration on Digital Society and Value-based Digital Government which represent an important step towards fair, inclusive and cooperative digital modernisation of the public sector, as well as their commitment to strengthen digital participation and digital inclusion so as to foster a value-based digital transformation by promoting fundamental rights and democratic values, encouraging digital empowerment and literacy, and ensuring security, sustainability, and technological sovereignty in the digital sphere; emphasises that public authorities and institutions of Member States must lead by example to strengthen the tenets of the European Union by implementing the principles of the Berlin Declaration in the digital sphere; calls on the Commission to support, promote and extend the principles and objectives of the Berlin Declaration with policy initiatives at the

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European level; calls on the Commission to support the achievement of these key principles and the implementation of the actions and measures by means of funds provided by the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and by Next Generation EU (NGEU)for digital transformation;

Or. en

Amendment 13Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Sara Skyttedal, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras



1 b. Calls on the Commission to adopt a balanced approach, based on the principle of subsidiary, technology-neutrality, and thorough impact assessments, when it presents the multitude of legislative and other initiatives outlined in the Communication on Shaping Europe’s Digital Future;

Or. en

Amendment 14Carlos Zorrinho, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Nicolás González Casares, Adriana Maldonado López, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Patrizia Toia, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili, Ivo Hristov



1 b. The shaping of a fair digital sector must go hand-in-hand with educational aspects, socialisation, fair working conditions, work-life balance, democracy,

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good governance and strong public services;

Or. en


Draft opinionParagraph 1 c (new)


1 c. Recognizes that trust is essential for the development and implementation of AI technologies and applications; underlines that clear regulatory requirements need to ensure algorithmic transparency of AI technologies and applications which often comprise potential risks, such as opaque decision-making black box effects and biased data sets; underlines that black-box algorithms that entail inexplicable decisions are unacceptable in any sector, especially in a context where AI decision-making has an impact on life or death and the consequences of algorithmic failure could be grave; stresses that the traceability of AI systems should be ensured and that explainability of the algorithmic decision-making process and human oversight should be provided, especially concerning high risk applications of AI; recalls that humans must always be able to review and reverse automated decisions;

Or. en


Draft opinion

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Paragraph 1 c (new)


1 c. Emphasizes that European data and AI regulation should aim to build a borderless digital single market and a competitive, innovation-friendly, human-centric, trustworthy and secure data society and economy, which supports the development and deployment of AI, access to data, interoperability, and data portability; highlights the importance of right to privacy, civil liberties, protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and information, and cyber security;

Or. en




1 c. Highlights that science, innovation and R&D will be indispensable to attain the objectives of inclusive digital transformation and European digital sovereignty;

Or. en


Draft opinionParagraph 1 d (new)

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1 d. Points out that this third industrial revolution will depend on raw materials, much like the first revolution did on coal and the second on oil; notes that in a high demand scenario, the EU would need 18 times more lithium by 2030 and 60 times more by 2050; stresses that demand for raw materials will increase sharply and that EU industries need to respect a binding due diligence mechanism; stresses that mining activities in third countries can be the source of intense pollution, affecting the quality of water, air and soil, and causing deforestation and loss of biodiversity; underlines that strategic autonomy is particularly relevant in the field of digitalisation and AI; stresses that data localisation in the EU is very important for its strategic autonomy and for the reduction of emissions of the EU;

Or. en

Amendment 19Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Angelika Niebler, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras



1 d. Reminds the Commission of its commitments to one-in-one-out principle and reducing regulatory burden; notes that the future legislative proposals need to address both fragmentation of the Digital Single Market as well as the amount of red tape and regulatory uncertainty currently faced by European industry and innovators; highlights the importance of clear market approval processes and European wide market access policies;

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Or. en


Draft opinionParagraph 1 e (new)


1 e. Recognises the complexities of the digital sphere and the broad impact of the digitalisation process on the society, the economy and the environment of the EU, as well as the need for an ex-ante broad dialogue and democratic scrutiny in order to develop principles, frameworks and instruments that combat potential dangers associated with these technologies in full respect of human rights, and to confront disinformation and technophobia; calls for the reinforcement of the digital policy dialogue with citizens to promote social cohesion and active participation of civil society in democratic political discourse;

Or. en




1 e. Takes note of the regulatory oversight agencies and mechanisms that are already in place in sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, and transport; considers that both reinforcing sector-specific regulators as well as a complementary horizontal approach is

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needed; highlights the importance of industry-specific strategies and approaches;

Or. en


Draft opinionParagraph 1 f (new)


1 f. Recognises that 5G is expected to give rise new opportunities for citizens and businesses, through faster browsing, streaming, downloading, as well as better connectivity, which will play a fundamental role in achieving a European gigabit society by 2025; regrets, however, that the Commission has failed to conduct an ex-ante health and environmental impact assessment report on 5G so far, despite warnings being highlighted by many members in the scientific community; underlines the need to bring together researchers from different disciplines, in particular medicine and physics or engineering, to conduct further research into the potential effects of 5G; recalls that the EU should adhere to its own commitments by exercising the precautionary principle with regards to the future deployment of 5G across the bloc, which involves potentially taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty or possible risk; points out that a broad and inclusive debate will ultimately contribute to creating trust among citizens regarding the actions towards continuous development of the mobile networks; calls for an EU communication strategy that provides EU citizens with reliable information as well as awareness raising campaigns regarding 5G and EMF; stresses the

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importance of counteracting the spread of disinformation related to 5G networks, in particular to false claims that such networks are linked to COVID-19;

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Draft opinionParagraph 1 g (new)


1 g. Stresses that the quality of the data sets used is paramount to the performance of AI technologies; is concerned about the risks of biases and discrimination in the development, deployment and use of AI technologies, especially in high risk sectors; highlights that biases inherent to underlying datasets are inclined to gradually increase and thereby perpetuate and escalate existing socially constructed discrimination against women, ethnic minorities, or racialized communities; calls on the Commission and the Member States to take any possible measure to avoid such biases and to ensure the full protection of fundamental rights; stresses that those data sets should be auditable by national supervisory authorities whenever called upon to ensure their conformity with clear quality standards; stresses that human oversight infrastructure must be developed before the implementation of AI technologies in high risk sectors, especially in health and include gender equality experts;

Or. en

Amendment 24Elena Kountoura

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on behalf of the GUE/NGL Group



2. Recognises that the EU has an enormously strong SME sector; recalls that this second wage of digitalisation could lead to a strong industrial development of SMEs; calls for a goal of 500 digital unicorns within 10 years;

2. Recognises that SMEs are the backbone of the European economy and play a key role in developing and implementing digitalisation of the EU industries, economy and society; recalls that this second wage of digitalisation could lead to a strong industrial development of SMEs; regrets that only 17 % of SMEs have so far successfully integrated digital technology into their businesses; calls on the Commission to further support the European Digital Innovation Hubs, which could constitute an effective way to reduce the digital divide, namely by assisting SMEs and start-ups in simplifying access to funding and using digital technology to improve their business operations, production processes, products and services, as well as by supporting testing, match making, industry mapping, providing training and business intelligence, increasing awareness, supporting standard development and networking; points out that the network of European Digital Innovation Hubs should ensure a broad geographical coverage across Europe, including remote, rural and island areas; highlights the need to increase opportunities for SMEs as regards their capacity to adopt innovative technologies and to reduce digital imbalances in terms of capabilities and infrastructure in smaller cities and rural and remote areas; suggests that, like climate mainstreaming, a digital roadmap could be elaborated, to plan a digital transition in a fair, redistributive way for companies and territories;

Or. en

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2. Recognises that the EU has an enormously strong SME sector; notes that the successful digital transformation of European SMEs is vital for economic growth, job-creation, and social cohesion; recalls that this second wave of digitalisation could lead to a strong industrial development of SMEs; calls for comprehensive measures, such as access to finance, introduction of the EU Start-up Visa, and reduction of regulatory burden, to better facilitate the growth of digital unicorns in Europe; notes that these measures should be developed in constant dialogue with relevant stakeholders;

Or. en

Amendment 26Evžen Tošenovský, Elżbieta Kruk, Jessica Stegrud, Margarita de la Pisa Carrión




2. Recognises that the EU has an enormously strong SME sector, which creates a backbone to the EU economy and competitiveness; recalls that this second wage of digitalisation could lead to a strong industrial development of SMEs; emphasises the importance to support the emergence of a significant number of digital unicorns within 10 years;

Or. en

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2. Recognises that the EU has an enormously strong SME sector; recalls that this second wave of digitalisation could lead to a strong industrial development of SMEs; reinforces the need to accelerate the digitalisation of SMEs and help them overcome barriers in adopting AI applications; calls for a goal of 500 digital unicorns within 10 years;

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recognises that SMEs are the backbone and the future of European economy;recognises the role of SMEs in skilling, reskilling and upskilling employees;calls that any new laws and regulations reduce the administrative burden on small and medium-sized businesses;

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Or. en




2 a. Stresses that any legislative proposals related to digital area should be based on in-depth impact assessment to avoid unnecessary administrative or regulatory burden that could hamper the emergence of high-tech unicorns, start-ups and SMEs in Europe in order to unleash their potential at the global scale; invites therefore the Commission to come forward with a comparative analysis of regulatory environment in third countries;

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2 a. Points out that SMEs and other economic actors should use cooperation as much as possible, working in an ecosystem that benefits citizens and is able to support growth. The use of open source is a path towards open and sustainable digital transformation, both through open source software and open hardware - progressing towards European strategic autonomy in digital;

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2 a. Welcomes the Commission's proposal for a Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act which includes an ambitious reform of the digital space, a comprehensive set of new rules for all digital services, including social media, online market places, and other online platforms that operate in the European Union:

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2 a. Recognizes that the less digitally mature sectors are facing both internal and external barriers to the adoption of the AI that need to be clearly identified; stresses that for the most part, and especially for SMEs, barriers to the adoption of AI are similar to those hindering digitalisation;

Or. en

Amendment 33Carlos Zorrinho, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Robert Hajšel, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Adriana Maldonado López, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Nicolás González

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Casares, Patrizia Toia, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili, Ivo Hristov



2 b. Emphasises that the AI development in the EU needs to remain "human-centric", people should always be responsible for decision-making; stresses that when citizens are interacting with an automated system they should always have the possibility of human control in order to ensure that an automated decision can be verified and corrected; stresses that in order for citizens to understand, trust, examine and oversight the decision made, the transparency of AI systems and the logic of the algorithms is utmost important when the technology is used in public services;

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2 b. Stresses that an innovative and competitive data economy is built on openness ; stresses in this context the need to avoid service provider or technological lock-in for public data collection processes and calls for all Union public procurement processes and funding programmes to include open data access, mandatory interoperability and portability requirements, as well as to promote the use of open-source software and hardware;

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Or. en

Amendment 35Carlos Zorrinho, Adriana Maldonado López, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Nicolás González Casares, Patrizia Toia, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili, Ivo Hristov



2 c. Stresses that the successful development and deployment of AI in Europe is dependent on increasing the availability of high-quality data; highlights that using biased data sets can inadvertently lead to biased AI applications and notes especially the risk for reproducing gender, cultural, ethnic, social, disability or sexual orientation biases; underlines the need to acknowledge and address all bias in data-based systems both in their development and use;

Or. en




3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation;

therefore calls for accelerating the completion of the digital single market by pushing ahead a European-wide gigabit-broadband network;by further developing the existing data protection law into a modern data law, which at the same time

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enables innovative digital future technologies and business models and protects the personal rights of citizens;by guaranteeing the right to encryption of citizens to protect data that may be obtained through foreign intelligence activities or cyber-attacks;by further fostering cybersecurity by supporting a European research strategy in the field of quantum computing in order to be able to guarantee secure encryption of data in the future and to invest in the cyber security of the systems and technologies that support the internet as such and the networked systems derived from it;calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

underlines the importance of trade and globalisation for prosperity and peace, therefore calls for efforts to be made to ensure that COVID does not lead to a re-nationalisation of trade and therefore proposes an action plan to help European companies to become geographically active in new markets;

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3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to increase the resilience of the EU supply chains and speed up technology dissemination and digitalisation of the EU industries, economy and society; emphasises, however, that the COVID-19 pandemic has also exposed digital divides among EU countries and among social groups within the same country by putting many

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citizens at risk of being left behind in the transition towards a digitalised society; highlights that the level of digitalisation of EU industry varies across sectors, particularly among high tech areas and more traditional ones, and also among Member States and regions; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets; expresses concern regarding the difficulties in accessing EIB funding lines faced by most SMEs and start-ups, particularly those with limited capitalisation, and calls for access requirements to consider the need for improving the digital and AI capabilities of SMEs; recalls the importance of the Digital Europe Programme and other EU Programmes such us Horizon Europe in improving the digital and AI capabilities of SMEs and accelerating the adoption of AI technologies in EU industries;

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Amendment 38Eva Kaili, Robert Hajšel, Patrizia Toia, Marina Kaljurand, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Ivo Hristov




3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets; calls for new and open frameworks of access to data for European SMEs and start-ups in order to support their growth by empowering the training, testing and development of AI-enabled systems and applications. Calls for an inclusive digitisation of our societies that will serve the interests of the citizens by taking into account accessibility and affordability considerations. Calls for coordinated actions to address Europe’s digital divide

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that has been worsened due to the COVID and for a fair and cooperative digital modernisation of the public sector that would aim at a value-based digital transformation by promoting fundamental rights and democratic values.

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3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for public-private partnerships and financial incentives for innovative digital SMEs, mid-caps, and start-ups that want to enter new markets; calls for the reinforcement of and clearer strategy for the European Digital Innovation Hubs in order to help widespread uptake of new technologies by SMEs; recognizes the potential of intermediaries in the SME ecosystem, such as accountants, chambers of commerce and insurance experts, in helping to foster the digital transition of SMEs;

Or. en

Amendment 40Ivo Hristov, Carlos Zorrinho



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3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation while reinforcing activities of strategic importance to the Union in relation to critical infrastructure, including cybersecurity technology and research and risk prevention with reference to the deployment of 5G networks; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

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3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets; recognises the concern that large firms have better capabilities to take advantage of the opportunities provided by AI which could lead to overconcentration in the market of large firms and multinationals;

Or. en

Amendment 42Paolo Borchiaon behalf of the ID Group



3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up

3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis, together with the EU's special financial

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digitalisation; calls for financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

response, provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for traditional and innovative financial incentives for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

Or. it





3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; underlines the importance of financial incentives and opportunities through different EU programmes for SMEs that want to enter new markets;

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Amendment 44Patrizia Toia, Eva Kaili




3. Emphasises that the COVID crisis provides an opportunity to speed up digitalisation; calls for financial incentives for SMEs, start - ups and for companies and subjects of the social economy that want to enter new markets;

Or. en


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3 a. Stresses that enabling sharing and access to essential and well-defined data sets will be key to fully unlock the potential of the Green Deal; calls on the Commission to assess which datasets are essential for the ecological transition in the context of sustainable products and services, inter alia in product manufacturing, transportation, carbon, energy and biodiversity impact, as well as their end-of life handling; calls on the Commission to consider extending the scope of the high value datasets defined in Directive (EU) 2019/1024 on Open Data to private actors;

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3 a. Recognises that the EU is lagging behind in the AI global competition; emphasises that the focus on services for citizens and businesses creates a global market segment in which the EU can lead, respecting its structural principles and values , including our Digital Identity, which are focusing on upholding fundamental rights, strong ethical aspects, legal safeguards and liability, thus protecting our democratic societies and citizens;

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3 a. Highlights that current market imbalances between gatekeeper platforms and SMEs and limited access to data continue to pose challenges to European SMEs; emphasizes the need to enhance SME access to data; calls for enabling approach to data sharing practices on predominantly voluntary basis, including the provision of incentives to enable data sharing;

Or. en

Amendment 48Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Angelika Niebler, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras



3 b. Notes that investing in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is crucial to reap the full potential of AI and other emerging technologies; highlights the role of connectivity, especially gigabit connectivity powered by 5G and fibre infrastructures, as a vital building block for a competitive digital society; calls for bridging the connectivity investment gap through Next Generation EU, as well as national and private funding, in order to complement the insufficient EU investments deployed in the 2021-2027

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Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF);

Or. en




3 b. Calls for Commission to develop innovative and proportionate rules for a trustworthy digital society, ensuring it should be fully inclusive, fair and accessible for all;

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Amendment 50Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras



3 c. Stresses that the deployment of very high capacity networks such as 5G will open new ways of working in areas such as manufacturing, transport, automotive and healthcare, allowing for both increased productivity and completely new user experiences; notes that very high capacity networks will allow Europe to take a quantitative leap benefiting an entire ecosystem of technologies, such as virtualization, cloud computing, edge computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, network slicing, and automation;

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Or. en




3 c. Highlights that we need a European legal framework on AI, robotics and related technologies that addresses ethical principles and fundamental rights in their development, deployment and use; notes that such framework should agree on ethical and technical standards to govern the use of new technologies, such as AI;

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Amendment 52Carlos Zorrinho, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Nicolás González Casares, Adriana Maldonado López, Patrizia Toia, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Josianne Cutajar, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Csaba Molnár, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili



3 d. Stresses that AI products and services may deliver different experiences to different consumers; highlights the importance of gender and ethnic diversity in digital careers to achieve digital products and services that fully address and represent the diverse set of experiences and needs of European consumers;

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4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and create development cores for new digital economic structures;

deleted

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deleted

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4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and create development cores for new digital

4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and create development cores for new digital

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economic structures; economic structures;

therefore, proposes the creation of a special EU start-up zone with less bureaucracy, excellent infrastructure, a special taxation Regime, a n Environment of "regulatory sandboxes" and best support for top research;suggests full scholarships with the aim of bringing together the best minds in Europe worldwide in order to drive innovation, technology and prosperity of the future; believes that this is where the future opportunities lie, especially for Europe's economically weaker regions;

Or. en





4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and create development cores for new digital economic structures, while maintaining incentives that are equally valid for all EU territories;

Or. it




4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and

4. Calls for special economic digital zones to promote structural change and

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create development cores for new digital economic structures;

create development cores for new digital economic structures across Europe in order to support a swift digital transition;

Or. en




4 a. Believes that there is an urgent need to incentivise access to the data that is currently locked in the private sector, while ensuring that the use of public money always result in public data. To that regard, calls for the establishment of a "public money, public data" principle and call for incentives meant to give SMEs access to non personal data produced by other private stakeholders in a voluntary and mutually benefiting process;

Or. en




4 a. Emphasises that future-proof connectivity and cybersecurity represent a prerequisite of Union’s success in digital transition;

Or. en

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5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and distributing the remaining funds by a shotgun approach; calls for winners to be picked and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures;

deleted

Or. en

Amendment 61Evžen Tošenovský, Elżbieta Kruk




5. Calls on the Commission to prioritize funding of SMEs; reminds in this regard that mid-caps and bigger companies are contributing to creating a value chain for SMEs;

Or. en



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5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and distributing the remaining funds by a shotgun approach; calls for beneficiaries to be picked and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures; recognises that there are still significant disparities between large companies and SMEs regarding the integration of digital technologies in their business operations; regrets the current lack of innovative capacity of SMEs due to a lack of necessary risk capital, the costs and complexities of administrative procedures, a shortage of adequate skills and lack of access to information; suggests in this regard to undertake actions in order to strengthen access to credit for SMEs including for micro-enterprises and start-ups;

Or. en





5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and to distribute the remaining funds in accordance with a methodically studied priority system; calls for winners to be picked according to their expected value, calculated through the standard methods for valuing start-ups, and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures;

Or. it

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5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and distributing the remaining funds by a shotgun approach; highlights that large technology companies and platforms with strategic market status in the DSM may leverage their positions not only in terms of the market but also in terms of access to and control of data, resulting in possible concentration of AI innovation and future imbalances in the DSM; calls for winners to be picked and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures; Highlights the need to support SMEs to master the twin transition to sustainability and digitalisation by safeguarding that they have access to the right skills, expertise and funding. Highlights the need for this support to acquire abroad geographical coverage across Europe, including remote, rural and island areas and aim at strengthening the digital capabilities and infrastructure in smaller places at the periphery of Europe;

Or. en




5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and distributing the remaining funds by a shotgun approach;

5. Calls on the Commission to stop funding big companies and distributing the remaining funds by a shotgun approach;

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calls for winners to be picked and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures;

calls for winners to be picked and grown larger; suggests prioritising future areas for digital economic structures;

believes that the current funding policy needs to be developed further more efficiently and needs to overcome any silo culture of research funding;

Or. en




5 a. Stresses that Tourism is a strategic economic sector for Europe as it generates more that 10% of European GDP and represents more than 9% of total employment in the EU; notes however that it remains among the less digitised sectors in the Union and that there is a large untapped potential for the digital transformation of the sector; highlights the need for further investments in intelligent tools and techniques which can improve costumer experience and foster the transition towards a more digital and sustainable tourism ecosystem, by inter alia improving destination management for the benefit of local societies and economies and tourists, help direct touristic flows to less developed regions and across seasons and better preparing and managing crises, such as pandemic, extreme weather conditions and other natural or manmade disasters; points out that coordinated efforts to foster an innovative digital culture in tourism SMEs, which are 90% of the tourism ecosystem, is crucial to ensure the global competitiveness of Europe as a destination; recalls the

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importance of improving access to digital technologies and supporting programmes for SMEs in the cultural and creative sectors, which are highly intertwined with tourism; criticises the fact that the Commission has not included tourism in the European Data Strategy and considers that the inclusion of tourism in the Data Governance Act can enable tourism businesses to fully commit to innovation and digitalisation; believes that the digitalisation of cultural heritage would create useful and beneficial synergies with the tourism sector; highlights that the digital transformation in the tourism sector should protect the quality of services in the sector, such as services provided by qualified tourist guides, which are illegally being substituted in same cases by the collaborative economy and calls on the Commission to effectively address this issue at the European level;

Or. en




5 a. Warns against the use of predictive technologies or perception manipulation techniques for market purposes from Big tech companies and pledges to safeguard that sensitive personal data, transactions data and metadata will not be used for profit by big corporations without citizens awareness and clear consent. Calls for these techniques to be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale proposed by the Commission given their specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as their potential misuses Calls the European Data Protection Board to issue

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Guidelines on this issue and highlights the need to safeguard algorithmic transparency of AI technologies and applications. Stresses the need for the establishment of a thorough system of traceability of AI systems that will be under human oversight, understandable by the consumers and which meets data subjects’ reasonable expectations;

Or. en

Amendment 68Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Sara Skyttedal, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Angelika Niebler, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras



6. Demands an end to the exodus of start-ups that do not receive follow-up-funding in Europe but find it elsewhere;

6. Highlights the lack of European venture capital funding, the disproportionately large role of public entities in the funding that currently exists, and the significant differences in start-up ecosystems and available financing between Member States; calls for a comprehensive European approach, based on competitive taxation and investor-friendly regulation, to ensure access to finance for promising European start-ups in all growth stages;

Or. en




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6. Demands a more careful assessment of the start-up market to prevent the best newcomers from developing outside European borders;

Or. it






calls for improving the taxation frameworks for venture capital in Europe;calls to stop the Exodus of young companies in Europe which leave the EU because they do not receive funding after entering the market.

Or. en





6. Highlights the substantial investment gap faced by digital innovations which represents an important obstacle for the successful scale-up of digital startups; demands an end to the exodus of start-ups that do not receive follow-up-funding in Europe but find it elsewhere; takes note of the Digital Innovation and Scale-up Initiative which

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is setting up the first regional investment facility that specifically targets digital innovations and the scale-up of digital startups in the CESEE region; calls for the development of similar EU initiatives aiming to leverage funding and competencies, to enhance financing and the access to advisory services for early stage and scale-up of innovative, high-risk deep tech startups with high growth potential, to offer technical assistance to public agencies, to strengthen their capacity to design, develop and implement digital innovation programs and to strengthen strategic investments in the enabling environment for digital innovations and entrepreneurship, with a focus on cross border digital infrastructure and digital skills projects;

Or. en




6 a. Reiterates the necessity to fully exploit all funding facilities and to benefit out of synergies provided for digital technologies by EU funding programmes, namely Horizon Europe, Digital Europe, CEF-Digital and Space Programme;

Or. en



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7. Calls for massive investment in clusters of excellence;


therefore, supports the Commission's proposal to promote the establishment of centers of excellence and testing to increase synergies and networks between AI research centers, with the aim of promoting excellence, attracting and keeping the best researchers and developing the level of technology;suggests that in addition to the centers, efforts should be made to create and support flexible network-based structures based on cooperation between higher education institutions and industry in the development of artificial intelligence;

Or. en





7. Calls for massive investment in clusters of excellence; calls to the Commission to facilitate the development of digital innovation hubs across the Member States in order to ensure the capacity-building, sharing of best practices in AI development and deployment and to mobilise the research and innovation along the entire value chain; recognises that such digital innovation hubs can also contribute to attract the access to talent and research capabilities in AI;

Or. en

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7. Calls for massive investment in clusters of excellence; calls on the Commission and Member States to facilitate European excellence in AI research and development by increasing research investments and facilitating additional cooperation between innovative companies, higher education, and research institutions; recognises that sharing and reusing AI application components increases use and uptake of AI solutions;

Or. en





7. Calls for massive investment in clusters of excellence through which smart industry initiatives can be researched, developed, implemented and monitored in an organized and trackable manner;

Or. en

Amendment 77

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Paolo Borchiaon behalf of the ID Group




7. Calls for an assessment of the best clusters in which to invest as a matter of priority;

Or. it




7 a. Emphasizes the need to allow comprehensive research into all AI applications and technologies; calls for legislative solutions, such as regulatory sandboxes with a path to scale up for successful pilots, that will ensure the right of both public and private institutions to research and develop AI for potentially high-risk use cases;

Or. en




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7 a. Calls to the Commission to initiate cross-sectoral dialogues, giving priority to healthcare, rural administrations and public service operators in order to present an action plan to facilitate the development, research and adoption of AI applications;

Or. en




7 b. Highlights the importance of fundamental research into the foundations of AI; notes that current commercial AI applications are based on research that was initiated decades earlier;

Or. en




7 b. Calls for more investment in research, innovation, science and the scientific community, which is the driving force of the technological and digital revolution;

Or. en

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8. Demands measures to end to the brain drain and attract the best minds to the EU;

8. Demands that the conditions for EU's digital ecosystem composed of universities, research centers, business incubators and entreprises should be enhances to prevent the brain drain of European experts and to attract the best minds to the EU;

Or. en





8. Demands measures to address the brain drain and attract the best minds to the EU without prejudice to the national labour market systems and the competencies of the social partners;

Or. en




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8. Demands measures to put an end to the brain drain in order to make the most of the human capital of EU citizens who can afford to be intellectually independent, completing the picture by attracting further experience from people from non-EU countries, and to attract the best minds to the EU;

Or. it





8. Demands measures to end to the brain drain and attract the best minds to the EU; considers that the new Skills Agenda for Europe must address the challenges of adapting and raising new qualifications that reinforce the green and digital transition, including ethical aspects of AI;

Or. en





8. Demands measures and strong incentives to end to the brain drain and attract the best minds to the EU; recommends sufficient investments in public research, in particular for salaries of researchers;

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Or. en




8 a. Recognizes the need to protect the citizens and workers potentially at risk of displacement due to AI; calls to the Commission to develop strategies to manage digital transition by supporting reskilling programs, improving professional education, ensuring greater access to talent and provide long-life trainings for the current and future workforce with particular focus on SMEs; notes that education and transparency of new data driven technologies is important for the workforce to be able to understand, and be part of, the fair implementation; stresses the right of employees to know where and how their data is collected; Calls on social partners to explore the potential of digitalisation, data and AI to increase sustainable productivity, improve the well-being of their workforces while respecting workers’ rights as well as investing in awareness rising and digital literacy schemes;

Or. en



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8 a. Suggests that the EU must ensure minimum standards of fair working conditions for platform workers in line with the European Pillar of social rights as a requirement to allow access of platforms to the EU Digital single market. Suggests that the EU should introduce rules that control the growing digitisation of workplace monitoring and also to introduce mechanisms and methodologies that assess the relevant risks that have been augmented due to the increasing blurring between office and home environments. Calls for the EU to establish collective bargaining agreements and umbrella protection mechanisms for all platform workers;

Or. en




8 a. Calls for impact assessments on the consequences of a digital future on people. Recalls that those without digital skills are left behind and digital infrastructure cannot evolve and function without proper operators. Calls for mitigation of negative impact through reskilling and upskilling. Underlines that the gender dimension needs to be taken into account, given the insufficient representation of women in STEM and digital companies;

Or. en

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8 a. Stresses that Europe’s growth potential will be determined by the digital skills of its population and businesses; takes note of the skills gap currently visible in the European job market and the need bridge this gap through upskilling and reskilling; calls for increased focus on reskilling and upskilling of digital skills and competences in national education systems;

Or. en

Amendment 91Patrizia Toia, Eva Kaili



8 a. Calls for measures aimed to increasing and supporting training projects and actions for women in the digital sector, as well as projects and actions for the employment and career paths of women in the digital sector;

Or. en


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8 b. Calls for a whole-of-society approach towards cybersecurity; highlights that new approaches to cybersecurity should be designed based on resilience and adaptability to stresses and attacks; emphasizes the role for cybersecurity as a framework where everything from system design and usability to the education and training of citizens must work in tandem; emphasizes the need to include cybersecurity elements in all sectorial policies;

Or. en




8 b. Stresses that 90% of jobs require basic digital skills while 42% of EU citizens lack basic digital skills1a;_________________1a https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-economy-and-society-index-desi

Or. en


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8 c. Calls for promoting the creation and expansion of digital knowledge and support the research programmes and networks created among European universities in order to help European businesses and entrepreneurs attract the best talent and become the vanguard of digital innovation worldwide. Skills shortages and mismatches can be prevented by improving and facilitating connections between the education and training systems and the needs of companies to innovate;

Or. en




8 c. Fully supports the Commission’s aim to increase the number of women in tech;

Or. en

Amendment 96Carlos Zorrinho, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Adriana Maldonado López, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Patrizia Toia, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili


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8 d. Stresses that in order for new digitalisation wave to be successful, one of the crucial challenges is to provide sufficient digital skills for European digital sector; recalls that women are under-represented at all levels in the digital sector in Europe, from students (32% at Bachelor, Master or equivalent level)up to top academic positions (15%) and that the gap is largest in ICT specialist skills and employment, where only 18% are women in the EU2a

_________________2a https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/digital-economy-scoreboard-shows-women-europe-are-less-likely-work-or-be-skilled-ict

Or. en




9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation;

9. Recognises that AI deployment s key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation; calls for promoting AI technologies aimed at improving public services with collective benefits; stresses that AI can help to break down the silos by linking and streamlining public services to improve administration for the benefit of citizens and businesses as well as provide real-time data bases for services and decision making;

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Or. en





9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation; is convinced that creating a clear European regulatory framework and long-term legal certainty will increase trust of consumers, public sector and businesses in AI, which will accelerating the uptake of AI throughout different sectors;

Or. en





9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation, ensure the safety of data of Europeans and guarantee that they will not be processed by non-EU bodies for profit-making and/or political purposes or used to train algorithms shared with authoritarian regimes;

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Or. en





9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach based on a human-centric approach to AI, transparency and clear liability rules is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation; highlights the potential for European added value and the current cost of non-Europe in the field of AI and digital regulation;

Or. en





9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation; underlines that only a fully harmonised trustworthy and human-centric AI regulatory framework will have the potential to become a legislative benchmark at an international level;

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Or. en





9. Recognises that deployment of trustworthy and human-centric AI is key to European competitiveness of European businesses in the digital era, enabling them to bring innovative solutions to the market and scale up globally; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid single market fragmentation;

Or. en





9. Recognises that AI deployment is key to European competitiveness in the digital era; highlights that to facilitate the uptake of AI in Europe, a common European approach is needed to avoid internal market fragmentation, whilst at the same time exploiting the specific features of the centres of excellence in various Member States;

Or. it

Amendment 104

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Elena Kountouraon behalf of the GUE/NGL Group



9 a. Underlines that interoperability facilitates cross-border cooperation, promoting European standards as well as successful implementation of policies, and has the potential to decisively contribute to avoid cross-border electronic barriers, further securing the emergence of new, or the consolidation of developing, common public services at the Union level; recalls that in order to eliminate fragmentation of European services, to support fundamental freedoms and operational mutual recognition in the EU, a holistic cross-sector and cross-border approach to interoperability should be promoted in the manner that is the most effective, and the most responsive to end-users;

Or. en




9 a. States that increased digitalisation will bring new energy needs but also contribute to bring efficiency with providing better understanding of processes and leading to their improvements; recognises that AI can help to identify where energy improvements can be made for energy and costs savings; furthermore AI can better help to measure energy efficiency,

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improve energy management and access to renewable storage;

Or. en




9 a. Recognises that Artificial Intelligence is one of the key-technologies for future innovation, sustainable economic growth, and welfare. Emphasis that in a globalized economy, Europe must take on a leading position in the research of Artificial Intelligence and development of Artificial Intelligence applications to stay competitive and become digitally sovereign;

Or. en




9 b. Recalls that the digitalisation of public administrations and services is crucial to reducing administrative burden on EU industry, including SMEs, and on citizens in general by making their interactions with public authorities faster, more convenient and less costly, as well as by increasing the efficiency, transparency and the quality of the services provided, while at the same time increasing the efficiency of public spending;

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recommends, in line with the principle of strategic autonomy, the use of Open-Source Software or EU software in public administrations of the EU; stresses that common standards, modular architectures and the use of Open-Source Software in the public sector are facilitators for deploying and developing strategic digital tools and capacities while increasing trust and secure transparency; stresses that software, data and tools generated by the public sector or publicly funded should be reusable and openly accessible as long as this is compliant with fundamental rights;

Or. en




9 b. Stresses the importance of avoiding creating uncertainty about how AI technologies can be used; recognises that stakeholders in research, industry politics and society need a clear and easily comprehensible legislative framework that regulates the use of AI where needed;

Or. en




9 c. Calls for the creation of an digital ecosystem in which SMEs can participate in the technological innovation around

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AI; emphasises that SMEs will need clear guidelines and legal certainty on how to adopt the new regulations; recalls that any new regulatory burden is much more difficult and more expensive for SMEs and therefore SMEs must be relieved twice as much of administrative burden;

Or. en




9 d. Underlines the significance of a common European approach. remindes that according to an estimate by the European Parliamentary Research Service, a common European approach to ethical aspects of AI has the potential to create up to 294.9 billion euros in additional GDP and 4.6 million jobs in the EU by 2030;

Or. en




10. Considers that access to big data is key for the development of AI; calls for a new approach to data regulation;

10. Considers that access to big data, cloud services and computing capacities is key for the development of AI;

Or. en

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Amendment 112Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Tomas Tobé, Sara Skyttedal, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Ivan Štefanec, Riho Terras




10. Considers that access to high quality training data is key for the development of AI; stresses that businesses and researchers should be given greater freedom to use data, with less regulatory interference; calls for a new approach to data regulation; that gives higher priority to innovation and competitiveness by giving businesses greater freedom to the use of data when it is not considered to be high risk, along with clear and balanced rules on IPR and protection of business secrets;

Or. en





10. Considers that access to big data is key for the development of AI; calls for a new approach to data regulation; emphasises the need to ensure that any future AI legislation should take into account and comply with already existing rules enshrined in Union law and the CJEU’s case law; stresses that data localisation in the EU represents an important step towards strategic autonomy and reduction of emissions of the EU; strongly believes the regulation on data governance should include an

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obligation to process data in the EU, including an obligation of establishment within the EU for intermediaries; recalls the Court of Justice of the European Union ruling on the Schrems II case C-311/18, from July 16, 2020;

Or. en





10. Considers that access to big data is key for the development of AI; calls for a new approach to data regulation; considers therefore that data should be at the heart of digitisation; considers that a balanced approach is needed when it comes to access to data, which will foster innovation and data sharing through voluntary means, while protecting other legitimate interests, such as IPR, privacy and trade secrets;considers that further developing data regulation beyond the concept is key in order to unleash the potential of AI; calls therefore for a new data regulation taking into account the legal principle of property rights; considers that any future data regulation needs to put a specific focus on access to data by research and SMEs in a balanced approach which bests supports innovation;

Or. en


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10. Considers that access to big data is key for the development of AI; reiterates the need for a new approach to data ownership by data subjects in the context of AI-enabled systems to ensure privacy and control of aggregated data or metadata built on data points containing information including, but not limited to, time, location, transactions; calls for a new approach to data regulation; stresses that privacy and data protection must be guaranteed at all stages of the AI system’s life cycle and notes that any big data processing operation should be subject to an ex-ante and extensive Data Protection Impact Assessment;

Or. en

Amendment 116Carlos Zorrinho, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Robert Hajšel, Josianne Cutajar, Csaba Molnár, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri, Adriana Maldonado López, Nicolás González Casares, Patrizia Toia, Lina Gálvez Muñoz, Ismail Ertug, Eva Kaili, Ivo Hristov




10. Considers that access to big data is a key for the development of AI; calls for a new approach to data regulation; underlines the importance of level playing field and EU wide interoperability when using the exponentially increasing amount of the industrial and public data; recalls that success of the Union’s data economy as well as AI development and deployment primary depends on the wider ICT ecosystem, closing the digital divide, upskilling and reskilling of workforce, developing the IoT, fibre, quantum, block;

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Or. en




10 a. Points out that the most efficient way of reducing bias in data based systems is by ensuring that the maximum of non-personal data is available to train them, for which it is necessary to limit any unnecessary barrier to text-and-data mining,and to facilitate cross-border uses; notes in addition that public domain or freely licensed data are often used by AI and machine learning developers when selecting training data, both for ease of access and to avoid potential infringement liability exposure, which creates a particular form of selection bias in training data, which can often lead to other forms of more harmful bias in results; emphasises the need to address remaining uncertainties related to the legal performance of text and data mining that developers may still face;

Or. en




10 a. Suggests that public and private sector actors should develop and document internal processes to ensure

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that their design, development and ongoing deployment of algorithmic systems is transparent, explainable, auditable and continuously evaluated and tested, not only to detect possible technical errors but also identify possible legal, social and ethical impacts that the systems may generate;

Or. en




10 a. Acknowledges the current success of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking, an initiative of the EU engaging both Member States and private partners; welcomes the recently published Commission proposal on its continuation to maintain and advance Europe’s leading role in supercomputing and quantum computing strongly needed for the development of AI in Europe;

Or. en




10 a. Recalls that access to data must result from a transparent trade-off with citizens; recognises that when citizens

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authorize the use of the data, receiving as counterpart better services of general interest and a more competitive offer from the market; states that transparency and monitoring of the use of data must be ensured;

Or. en




10 a. Stresses that it is imperative that workers be properly trained in how to exercise their right to respect for their personal data; calls on the Commission to present a revision of the GDPR in order to adopt more specific measures to ensure the protection of workers' rights and freedoms;

Or. en




10 b. Demands that any artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies system, shall be developed, deployed or used with "privacy by default" and in a manner that prevents the possible identification of individuals from data that were previously processed based on anonymity or pseudonymity, and

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the generation of new, inferred, potentially sensitive data and forms of categorisation through automated means (metadata). Calls the Commission to develop robust anonymisation and pseudonymisation techniques and identify best practices that will meet the processing requirements of the GDPR;

Or. en




10 b. Highlights that the sharing of data should be used to enhance competition; emphasises the need for adequate safeguards against market failures on data markets; suggest that the Commission takes advantage of the review of horizontal and vertical competition guidelines to introduce new tools to counter excessive market concentration, inherent to data markets, including, inter alia ongoing monitoring for at-risk-markets and, where necessary, ex-ante regulation;

Or. en




10 b. Stresses that privacy and data

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protection must be guaranteed at all stages of the AI system’s life cycle; emphasises that any future AI legislative initiative should allow individuals to have full control over their own data and that data concerning them will not be used to harm or discriminate against them on the basis of sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, language, religion, sexual orientation, political view or belief;

Or. en




10 c. Underlines the specificity of the health sector; agrees with the Commission that citizens should have secure access to a comprehensive electronic record of data concerning their health and that they should retain control over personal data concerning their health and be able to share it securely with authorised third parties, while unauthorised access should be prohibited, in compliance with data protection legislation; furthermore affirms that data should be stored on secure local servers and processed by independent bodies; stresses that insurance companies or any other service provider should not be allowed to use data from e-health applications for the purpose of discriminating in the setting of prices, as this would violate the fundamental right of access to health;

Or. en

Amendment 126

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Eva Kaili, Robert Hajšel, Patrizia Toia, Marina Kaljurand, Maria-Manuel Leitão-Marques, Ivo Hristov



10 c. Strongly emphasises the need to protect consumers from microtargeting practises and suggests that it should be flagged and coupled with their right to request a report on the use of behavioural analytics that were used to achieve consumers targeting. Is of the opinion that targeted advertisement practises should be explainable and offer to consumers options of choosing the desired personalization level/percentage of microtargeting. (ex. on a scale 0-100%). Strongly considers that the use of these practices should be subject to specific safeguards such as the informed and explicit consent of their owner, who should have the right to access effective remedies in case of misuse;

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10 c. Considers that at all times, protection of private data should remain a priority. Data minimization should be the principle followed by purpose limitation, in full compliance with GDPR;

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11. Warns against overregulating AI; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, permanently evaluated, and based on soft regulation except for high-risk areas;

11. Is of the view that in such a disruptive sector which could potentially have a great impact on people, it is important to establish a well-defined, balanced regulatory framework in which operators can work under hard and fast rules which affect people's lives in a responsible manner;

Or. it





11. Warns against overregulating AI and discourages any "one-size-fits-all" approach to regulation; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, proportionate , and based on the current legislative instruments and best practices except for high-risk areas where a new regulatory approach should be devised;

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11. Highlights the need to ensure that AI be developed and applied within an appropriate EU common regulatory framework which promotes innovation and respects the Union's values and fundamental rights as well as ethical principles such as accountability and transparency; recalls that regulation must be proportional, balanced, agile, future-proofed, permanently evaluated; calls for an appropriate level of regulation, especially for high-risk areas; stresses that legal certainty fosters technological development and public confidence in new technologies which is essential for the rapid digitalisation of the EU industries, economy and society; points out that an ambitious regulatory framework can stimulate innovation in the AI sector by setting clear limits and standards, in particular for SMEs; considers that the risk based approach shouldn't be limited to 'high risk' and 'low risk' AI applications but should rather be proportionally scaled to the level of risks to coincide with the variety of AI applications, the sector concerned and related risks;

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11. Warns against overregulating AI; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, permanently evaluated, and based on soft regulation except for high-risk areas; emphasis that any regulation must be flexible enough to not over-regulate and

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therefore slow down the current and future progress in AI – especially in areas with very little risk of negative impact;Stresses that the regulation of AI has to be proportional to the risk it is aiming to reduce;

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11. Warns against overregulating AI; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, permanently evaluated, and based on soft regulation except for high-risk areas; calls for a regulatory approach that is not based on a snapshot of what technological development looks like at the moment, but strives for the rules to be applicable to future technological breakthroughs and phenomena; calls for all AI regulation to be technology-neutral and proportionate;

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11. Warns against overregulating AI; demands that risk-based approach towards AI should be applied as a leading principle; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, permanently evaluated,

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and based on soft regulation, particularly on self-regulation and voluntary practices such as voluntary labelling; acknowledges however that a legislative framework might be necessary for a strictly limited categories of high-risk AI;

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11. Warns against overregulating AI; recalls that regulation must be balanced, agile, permanently evaluated, and based on soft regulation except for high-risk areas; recognises that a regulatory approach to the definition of risk focusing only on high-risk sectors (healthcare, transport, energy and parts of the public sector) and high-risk uses or purposes can lead to potential loopholes;

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11 a. Recommends that determining the risk level and the classification of sectors as high or low-risk, should always derive from an impartial, regulated, inclusive, independent and external assessment that

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considers ethical harms that can arise from artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies in society, either because of poor (unethical) design, inappropriate application, or misuse; Such an assessment needs to balance attention to abstract principles with specificity; Recommends that determining the risk level and the classification of sectors as high or low-risk, should always derive from an impartial, regulated, inclusive, independent and external assessment that considers ethical harms that can arise from artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies in society, either because of poor (unethical) design, inappropriate application, or misuse; Such an assessment needs to balance attention to abstract principles with specificity; Strongly recommends that a broad and inclusive debate and stakeholder consultation will contribute to creating trust among citizens regarding the assessment and classification of risks;

Or. en




11 a. Reminds that AI and other digital technologies are always developed in an international context; notes that unclear and fragmented regulation will drive innovative companies to develop their products and services outside of Europe; underlines the importance of free flow of data across borders; supports the Commission’s aim to address unjustified obstacles to international data flows as well as the restrictions European

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companies are facing in third countries;

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11 a. Considers that biometric data should be classified in the highest category of the risk level scale proposed by the Commission given its specific and extremely sensitive nature as well as its potential misuses; strongly believes that the use of biometric data should be subject to specific safeguards such as the informed and explicit consent of their owner, who should have the right to access effective remedies in case of misuse of such data;

Or. en




11 a. Calls to safeguards meant to ensure that we will always having human control on algorithms and ensure that proper and effective redress mechanisms are in place; To that regard, calls to ensure that algorithms are openly auditable; Calls for a ban on facial recognition algorithms for the wide damage they poseto fundamental rights of

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individuals;

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11 a. Notes that data-driven technologies, including AI are becoming the dominant force in the digital economy; states that any regulatory framework will need to address the question of production and use, interoperability, access to and sharing of data, reskilling of workforce and data management, in particularly SMEs;

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11 a. Underlines that existing regulation in critical areas such as automotive, Finance, healthcare, aviation, transport should be applied wherever possible; suggests that these regulations should be reviewed and updated if necessary to include recent technological advancements;

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11 b. Requests the Commission to determine the risk level of sectors by taking into account non-quantifiable risks and pay particular attention to the identification and characterisation of the hazard, the assessment of the likelihood of its occurrence and the characterisation of risk. Asks the Commission to pay particular attention to carefully evaluate all the uncertainties and transparently report on them, even when these cannot be modelled or expressed in quantitative terms. Requests the Commission to apply the Ethical Requirements put forward by the High Level Expert Group at the risk management level and consider the need for introducing a precautionary approach towards high level or potentially irreversible risks;

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11 b. Suggests that AI should be distinguished by categories of use cases; suggests that new use cases that are not covered by existing regulations should be classified by their potential risk which is based on a clear and transparent framework; calls that only AI systems that bear high risk shall be topic for a potential regulation;

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Or. en




11 b. Supports the creation of "ecosystem of trust" as stated in the Commission's White paper on AI that should give citizens sufficient confidence to take up AI applications and provide to companies and public organisation the legal certainty to innovate in AI deployment;

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11 c. Considers it necessary to create an ecosystem which allows AI research from public and private institutions to develop the next Generation of AI in an environment of “regulatory sandboxes”, which would allow AI Research even in potentially high-risk use cases;

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Amendment 145Henna Virkkunen, Sven Schulze, Pernille Weiss, Isabel Wiseler-Lima, Eva Maydell, Pilar del Castillo Vera, Edina Tóth, Cristian-Silviu Buşoi, Ioan-Rareş Bogdan, Ivan

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Štefanec, Riho Terras



12. Calls for a European Disruptive Innovation Agency which concentrates on first stage research.

deleted

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deleted

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12. Stresses that the Union's sovereignty and strategic autonomy require massive investment in research and innovation, in particular high-quality public research and development and innovation, namely in key enabling technologies and disruptive innovative solutions; recalls that the Member States must uphold their commitment to invest 3% of their GDP in research and

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development, in order to ensure the Union’s strategic autonomy in the digital field; calls for a European Disruptive Innovation Agency which concentrates on first stage research;

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12. Calls for a European Disruptive Innovation Agency which concentrates on first stage research; in this context very much appreciates the plans to further develop the European Innovation Council under Horizon 2021-2027 into a full Council offering a “one stop shop” for start-ups, offering improved funding instruments and a Business Acceleration Service, learning from its pilot phase;

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12. Calls for the assessment of the real need for a European Disruptive Innovation Agency which concentrates on first stage research to be postponed until this technology has reached a more advanced stage of maturity, and for all the funds to be used to boost support for SMEs;

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Or. it




12 a. Stresses that cybersecurity is an essential element of the digital transformation of EU industry and society; underlines that the protection of networks and essential infrastructures is crucial and that strong measures must be taken and highest cybersecurity standards should be established to prevent security breaches, data leaks, data poisoning, cyber-attacks and the misuse of personal data; underlines that effective protection requires EU and national institutions to work together with the support of ENISA to ensure the security, integrity, resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructures and electronic communication networks, in particular 5G networks; calls for the need to implement a coordinated approach, based on the relevant key measures recommended in the 5G cybersecurity toolbox to address the security challenges related to these technologies and to identify effective common methodologies and tools to mitigate risks related to 5G networks; stresses the importance of European technological sovereignty when it comes to cybersecurity of future electronic communication networks; calls for the application, when necessary, of all relevant restrictions on high-risk suppliers for key assets defined as critical and sensitive in the Union’s coordinated risk assessments; reaffirms the importance for the Member States to consider the need to diversify suppliers in order to avoid or limit major dependency

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on a single supplier; calls on the Commission to explore the use of blockchain-based cybersecurity protocols and applications to improve the resilience, trustworthiness and robustness of AI infrastructures;

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12 a. Calls on the Commission and the Member States to consider the creation of a European regulatory agency for AI and algorithmic decision-making tasked with 1) Auditing the AIAs of high-level impact systems to approve or reject the proposed uses of algorithmic decision-making in highly sensitive and/or safety-critical application domains (private health-care, for instance) 2) Investigating suspected cases of rights violations by algorithmic decision-making systems, for both individual decision instances (singular aberrant outcomes, for example) and statistical decision patterns (discriminatory bias, for instance) 3) Assessing compliance with the proposed Ethics Requirements and conduct periodical ethics reviews and audits;

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12 a. Calls to avoid encouraging a business model based on restricting access to data and knowledge, which is especially harmful to SMEs; Therefore we would caution against pushing for new IPR limitations and the use of trade secrets as a barrier, while advocating for removing restrictions on databases and ensuring that public data maintains it's open character and cannot be privatised; Reminds that according to the first evaluation of Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases, the introduction of a new “sui generis right” has led to a decrease in the production of European produced databases; therefore encourages the Commission to repeal Directive 96/9/EC;

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12 a. Highlights that EU continues its international cooperation on AI with like-minded countries and global players with the approach of EU rules and values; calls on the Commission to closely monitor international level playing field in AI development and deployment;

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Amendment 154Elena Kountoura

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on behalf of the GUE/NGL Group



12 b. Welcomes the intention of the Commission to expand the sectoral scope of the services to be covered by the bloc’s cybersecurity rules and to set clear-cut requirements to determine which entities are to be covered within the sectors falling in the NIS scope, as part of the review of the Network and Information Security directive; emphasises the need to transform the directive into regulation, as a means to address the problems of fragmentation that has occurred across Member States, to confront increased cyber threats across the bloc and to bridge the gaps between member state implementation;

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Amendment 155Eva Kaili



12 b. Highly recommends that platforms should enforce "privacy by default" offering users more "cookies" options than simply accept or refuse and not exclude anyone from accessing a site or app. Is of the opinion that apps should offer more options to consumers when requesting access to auxiliary services (microphones or cameras etc.) without limiting such options to "on and off" and always including the option "while using the app"; Suggests that platforms and third parties developing or deploying AI-enabled systems should be audited during

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the entire lifecycle of such systems;

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12 b. Calls for further support for European trade competition regulation making sure that European market will be active, highly competitive and resistant to foreign take overs;

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12 c. Recognises that the increased usage of products and industrial devices connected to the internet will give rise to new risks for privacy, information and cybersecurity; points out that Union product safety legislation does not generally provide for specific mandatory essential requirements against cyber-threats affecting the safety of users; stresses that cybersecurity should be acknowledged as an essential requirement in product innovation, the production and development processes, including the design phase (security by design), and should be ensured by new cybersecurity standards throughout a product’s life

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cycle as well and across its supply chain; highlights that explicit provisions in this respect should be considered for the scope of the relevant EU legislation in order to ensure that the rapid uptake of these products comes with appropriate security and privacy safeguards, to provide better protection of users and increased legal certainty;

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12 c. Calls for further support on screening procedures for further investment, with special scrutiny to be given to take overs of technological companies including startups;

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12 d. Underlines that to reap the full benefits of digitalisation, the Union must address digital literacy and skills for all; underlines that broad social inequality and exclusion are the fundamental cause of some of the AI sector's key challenges; calls on the Commission and the Member States to align the measures shaping the

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EUs digital transition with the Union’s goals on gender equality; recalls the need to address the gender gap in STEM in which women are still under-represented; calls on the Commission and the Member States to provide appropriate funding to programmes aimed at attracting women to study and work in STEM, to develop strategies aimed at increasing women’s digital inclusion, in fields relating to STEM, AI and the research and innovation sector, and to adopt a multi-level approach to address the gender gap at all levels of education and employment in the digital sector;

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12 e. Recognises that the non-governmental sector plays an essential role in the digital transformation of EU society, as it represents an important part of the European economy and the digital market supporting acceptance, inclusion, poverty reduction, equality, protection of rights and harm reduction;

Or. en

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