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Submitted by:

Amant Kumar

B.Tech (CSE)

Training Report

On

Linux Administration

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Linux

A Unix like operating system released in 1991 by sir Linus

Torvalds.

It is free and open source Software.

90% of top 500 supercomputers uses variants of Linux. It has been ported to more computer Hardware than any

other operating system.

It supports many desktop environment including GNOME, KDE

etc. It also runs on mobile devices, tablets etc.

Current stable release is Linux 3.6.5

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Salient features of Linux

Fastest.

Reliable.

Robust.

Simple.

Less demanding.

Low cost of maintenance.

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Advantages of linux

Virus proof.

Advances OS.

Economical.

Secured.

Multi-User

Multi-tasking

Crash Proof.

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Shell

Linux has a simple user interface called the shell that has the

power to provide the services that a user wants. It protects the

user from having to know the intricate hardware details.

Features of Shell:

Command Execution

Redirection

Background processing

History

Files and Directories Manipulation.

Some examples of shell are BASH, KSH, CSH, RSH etc.

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Linux Directories

Linux directories are organized according to something known as

the File system Hierarchy Standard (FHS). The FHS is a standard

for organizing directories for Linux- and Unix-based systems.

Every FHS-compliant operating system starts with a top directory,

root, symbolized by the forward slash. All other directories aresubdirectories of root.

The directories under Linux are:

/bin /boot /dev

/mnt /etc /proc

/sbin /tmp /opt

/root /home /usr

/var

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Nfs server

The Network File System (NFS) was developed to allow

machines to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if

it were a local disk. It allows for fast, seamless sharing of files

across a network.

Packages: nfs

Port Number: 2049 nfsd

Configuration File: /etc/exports

Service: rpcbind, nfs

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Nfs(commands)

At host end:

# vi /etc/exports

# service nfs restart

# service rpcbind restart# showmount -e

At client end:

# mount nfs :/var/dump /mnt

# cd /mnt or /net or /

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Samba server

Samba is a suite of utilities that allows your Linux PC to share

files and other resources, such as printers, with Windows PC.

Packages: samba Configuration File: /etc/samba/smb.conf

Service: smb

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Samba(commands)

# yum install samba*

# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

# service smb restart

# useradd # smbpasswda

# testparm

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Squid server

The utility squid is an internet proxy server that can be used

within a network to distribute an internet connection to all the

computers within the network.

Packages required: Squid

Port Number: 3128 (default)

Configuration File: /etc/squid/squid.conf

Service: squid

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Squid(commands)

At host side:

# yum install squid*

# vi /etc/squid/squid.conf

# service squid restart/reload# vi /var/log/squid/access.log(to check access log)

At client side:

On Windows:- Internet explorer- Tools- Internet Options-

connections- Lan Setting-check (use a proxy for this lan)- Give IP

& Port no.- OK.

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Apache

Apache Server is used for hosting website for Internet/Intranet.

By this server we can also authenticate only limited users to

access website.

Packages required: httpd

Port Number: 80

Configuration File: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Service: httpd

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Apache(commands)

# yum install http*

# vi /var/www/html/demo.html

# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# service httpd restart# useradd demo

# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/conf/htpasswd demo

# htpasswd /etc/httpd/conf/htpasswd

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ftp server

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used as one of the most

common means of copying files between servers over the

Internet.

Packages required: vsftpd*

Configuration File: vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

Service: vsftpd

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ftp(commands)

At host end:

# yum install vsftpd*

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# service vsftpd restart

At client end:

ftp

>cd pub

>get (download)

>put (upload)

>bye (exit)

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Dhcp server

DHCP provides a method of dynamically configuring IP

addresses, network numbers and server locations for the

computers on your local LAN.

Packages required: dhcp*

Port numbers: 68 DHCP

Configuration file: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Service/Daemon: dhcpd

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Dhcp(commands)

# yum install dhcp*

# cd /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1

# cp -v dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf# service dhcpd restart

# chkconfig dhcpd on

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telnet

It is used to login in a system remotely.

Packages required: xinetd, telnet

Configuration file: /etc/xinetd.d/telnetService: xinetd

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telnet(commands)

# yum install xinetd*

# yum install telnet*

# vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet

# service xinetd restart

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bibliography

Nixcraft.com

Wikipedia.org

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Thank you