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CHAPTER 2: AGGREGATE

(Mineral particles which have rock)

Pengkelasan batu baur..Pengre an batu baur.

!i"at#si"at "izikal batu baur.$%ian "izikal batu baur.



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INTRODUCTION' Agg. use to escribe the gravels crushe stones an

other t pes o" agg.

' Aggregates are pro uce in a *uarr or +ine whosebasic "unction is to convert in situ rock into aggregate with

speci"ie characteristics. $suall the rock is blaste orug "ro+ the *uarr walls then re uce in size using aseries o" screens an crushers. !o+e *uarries are also

capable o" washing the "inishe aggregate.

' ,! -1& an M! /01 2 escribe tests "or ascertainingwhether the agg. is suitable "or concrete +i3 or not.

' M! & 01 2 4 onl "or natural agg.' ,! 5 501 67 4 other light weight agg.



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Aggregate Sources' Aggregates can co+e "ro+ either natural or +anu"acture sources. 8atural

aggregates co+e "ro+ rock.' Igneous rock . These rocks are pri+aril cr stalline an are "or+e b the

cooling o" +olten rock +aterial beneath the earth9s crust (+ag+a).

' Sedimentary rocks . These rocks are "or+e "ro+ eposite insoluble+aterial (e.g. the re+ains o" e3isting rock eposite on the botto+ o" anocean or lake). This +aterial is trans"or+e to rock b heat an pressure.!e i+entar rocks are la ere in appearance an are "urther classi"iebase on their pre o+inant +ineral as calcareous (li+estone chalk etc.)siliceous (chert san stone etc.) or argillaceous (shale etc.).

' Metamorphic rock . These are igneous or se i+entar rocks that have beensub%ecte to heat an :or pressure great enough to change their +ineralstructure so as to be i""erent "ro+ the original rock.



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' Plg b k l+ konkrit 2/#-/;.' Pengaruhi kekuatan an kelasakan

' Murah berban ing si+en.' ! arat keras thn. <asak bersih.' Tbhg & 4 batu baur halus (= 2++) kasar

(>2++) +a3 4 7/ ++.' ?ecil bt. ,aur kuantiti si+en tinggi

iperlukan l+ konkrit.



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' ,entuk batu baur 4 ,ulat 4 batuan sungai pantai.

4 Ti ak sekata 4 luluhawa (batuan kerikil pasir). 4 ,ersu ut 4 ta%a+ runcing ibahagian sisi ( batuan

gunung ang ipecahkan an ihancurkan kepa asaiz g ikehen aki)

4 8ipis 4 batuan berlapis 4 Pan%ang (elongate ) 4 8ipis an pan%ang.

' 8ota 4 kea aan per+ukaan +e+pengaruhikebolehker%aan bancuhan konkrit ankekuatann.



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!i"at ,atu ,aur ang ipilih untuk +enghasilkan konkritang bekualiti 0#

' !aiz.' ?eti aktelapan.' Tekstur per+ukaan.

' ,entuk butir batu baur.' ?ekuatan an ketahanlasakan.' ?eti aktelapan.' Graviti Tentu.' ?elengaian terha ap bahan ki+ia.' !erapan.' ?eliangan.



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!i"at ,atu ,aur ang ipilih untuk +enghasilkan konkritang bekrualiti 0#

' !aiz # >besar kurangkan guna si+en air an r ing shrinkage.@ !aiz +ak +e+atuhi +ana ang lebih kecil.

T k boleh lebih tebal +in. anggota struktur.2 ++ kurang p %rk antara ua tetulang uta+a bagi konkrit bertetulang.2 ++ kurang ari tebal penutup konkrit ang +in.,iasa = 1- ++.

' ?eti aktelapan 4 serap le+bap akibatkan pengaratan besi. 4 Penting ia+bil kira l+ pe+binaan tangki air kola+ air ll.

' Tekstur per+ukaan 4 ?asar > kuat a a ikatan sukar iker%akan licin senang ker%a.' ,entuk butir batu baur 4 pelbagi btk btk tak sekata baik.

4 ?eping an pan%ang nisbah air si+en tinggi.' ?ekuatan an ketahanlasakan 4 "aktor tentukan kekuatan konkrit.' Graviti Tentu 4 nisbah berat batu baur berb g air ' ?elengaian terha ap bahan ki+ia 4 sul"er tin akbalas gn. si+en @ besi retak @

karat. ,ebas ari kotoran.' !erapan 4 se+angkin ren ah peratusan se+angkin baik.' ?eliangan 4 %u+lah ruang antara partikel bergantung kepa a %u+lah +a+patan ang

ikenakan bentuk batu baur gre batu baur.



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1.& B<A!!CDCBATC 8 D AGG.

AGG

HIGH-DENSITY NORMAL DENSITY LIGHTWEIGHT

Coarse agg. Sand All in agg.

Crushed s one!gra"el

#ar iall$ %rushed gra"el

Crushed s one!gra"el sand

#u&i%e' e()anded shale'e()anded %la$

*n%rushed gra"el Na ural sand



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,atu Tergantung

http://bp2.blogger.com/__fXdPvxOQ8U/R-jbYnVqoJI/AAAAAAAAAQI/QC4FGoyfPCE/S1600-R/BATU+TERGANTUNG.JPG



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$FCA8 ,AT$ ,A$R

o ?an ungan ?ekotoran 4 tentukan a+ountlu+pur an kan ungan bahan asing.o $%ian warna# tentukan ka ar kan ungan bhn ki+ia.

o Tekstur an bentuk butiran 4 ,uat pengelasanbentuk butiran batu baur.o ?ekuatan batu baur an kekuatan ikatan 4

bergantung kepa a ko+posisi an tekstur an

struktur.o !i"at#si"at batu baur #o Pengre an (saiz an agihan butiran)



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1.- E<ETERC $! !$,!TA8BE! C8 AGG.

' This categories o" eleterioussubstances can be "oun in aggHa) i+puritiesb) coatingc) particles#salt conta+ination anunsoun particles.

' ,! -1&0Part 1&& escribes the +ethoto eter+ine the content o" eleterious+aterials in "ine agg.



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1.5 GRADING OF AGG.O+ ained +$ using he sie"e anal$sis es and hen hegrading %ur"es %an +e dra,n. The sa&)les has o +e%arried ou +$ a /uar ering +$ hand

+ ri00le +o(% sa&)le s)li er



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Sie"e anal$sis

Coarse aggregate is generall$ he 0ra% ion re ained on he 1.23 && 4No. 1 sie"e,hile fine aggregate is he 0ra% ion )assing he 1.23 && 4No. 1 sie"e.



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Sample Splitter5Is a de"i%e 0or su+di"iding a sedi&en sa&)le li/uid

"olu&e 0ro& one o en e/ual )ar s +e0ore la+ora or$anal$sis.

5When a sa&)le is )oured in o he 0unnel' i 0lo,s in oa series o0 hin re% angular %hu es. Ea%h %hu e leads oone o0 ,o %on ainers )la%ed +elo, he s)li er +od$.

5Chu es are s aggered o a))ro(i&a e a rando& s)li o0 +o h )ar i%les and li/uid and here+$ insure he ,osa&)le hal"es are nearl$ iden i%al.

5The 0unnel &a$ +e re&o"ed o 0a%ili a e %leaning. Theinside o0 he %hu es &a$ +e s%ru++ed +u onl$ ,i h a

+rush no ,ider han 6.71 %&.



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8.9 #HYSICAL #RO#ERTIES O: AGG.The 0a% ors ha a00e% ing he )ro)er ies o0 agg

a s reng h + hardness % oughness d dura+ili $

e )orosi $ 0 ,a era+sor) ion

Los AngelesA+rasion Ma%hine



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1.5 M C!T$RE B 8TE8T' The agg. will absorb the water. Ct is

relate with the +oisture content in the

agg. There are 7 categories in+oisture content o" aggHa) wet: a+pb) air rc) saturate an sur"ace r

) oven r :bone r

' ,! -1&(Part 1/ )01 / an M!/0Part 501 2 escribes the +etho

o" eter+ination o" the +oisturecontent an agg.absorptionHa) oven r ing +ethob) +o i"ie r ing +ethoc) bou anc

) siphon#can



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Fl "i l # $ S %



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Wearing Course

Binder Course

Road ase

Su ! ase

Su grade

Fle"i le #a$ement Stru%ture



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Bontoh hasil $%ian

$%ian Pe+a atan B,R

$%ian a akan:!ieve an lsis

Bahan Utama



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Bahan Utama1. Aggregat2. B tumen

Bahan C r U! an S"ec.#$R

Aggregat# Men e iakan

struktur saling+engunci tanggungbeban an salurkanke bawah.

1.?uat.&.,entuk an struktur ang baik

. ?ebersihan an ketulenan7. A"initi terha ap bitu+en2. Pen erapan air ang ren ah6. Tahap pengilapan5. Pengre an ang baik-. Tahan

1.8ilai Penghancuran (ABI) 4 kekuatan (Agregate Brushing Ialue)&. 8ilai !epuluh Peratus (TDI) 4 kekuatan (Ten Percent Dine Ialue)

. 8ilai Jenta+an Aggregat (ACI) (Agregate C+pact Ialue)7. ?etahanan (!oun ness)2. Cn eks ?epingan (Dlankiness Cn e3)6. Cn eks Pe+an%angan

(Elongation Cn e3)

5. Graviti Tentu K !erapan air (!peci"ic Gravit K Later Absorption)-. !alutan an Tanggalan (Boating K !tripping)

. 8ilai Pengilapan ,atu (Polishe !tone Ialue1/. Analisis a akan (!ieve Anal sis)11. 8ilai <elasan <os Angles

(<os Angles Abrasion Ialue)

= /

5.2 ;#1&.2;= /;

= &2= /

= &;

= 1&;

> 7/

= 2;



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Polishe stone value) *'



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Elongation Cn e3 Dlankiness = /= &2



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1/; "ine value Blori econtent

5.2 ; # 1&.2 ;



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!heep"oot



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