Page 1
America before European Conquest
Before Columbus (“Pre-Columbian”)
Diversity
Contact & Conquest
The Spanish in America – goals?
Consequences
For Europeans
For Native Americans
“Columbian Exchange”
Page 4
North America
diversity
climate
geography
Page 5
North America
4 million
Page 6
Central & South America
76 million
Aztecs - Mexica
Page 7
Mexica/Aztec
Nahuatl
“People of Aztlan”
Page 11
Motecuzōma Xocoyotzin
Montezuma or
Moctezuma II
Page 12
Hernán Cortés
1519 - 1521
Page 13
Largest pre-Columbian empire
Inca (Inka)
Quechua
Cusco
(Cuzco), Peru
Page 16
Francisco Pizarro
Gonzalez
Page 19
Spanish America
goals ?
Page 20
“God, gold & glory”
Page 21
Spanish America
how to extract maximum profit ?
Maximize labor
Control flow of wealth
Page 22
Maximize labor
“encomienda” – system of labor tribute
“encomendero”
Page 23
Control flow of wealth
Establish government
silver
Page 24
Administration of Spanish America
“viceroyalty”
“viceroy”
accountants
customs officials
judges
Page 25
Crown’s portion of the wealth
Royal fifth
“quinta”
Page 26
Consequences of Contact
“Columbian exchange”
Page 27
Consequences of Contact
demographic catastrophe
smallpox
typhus
influenza
measles
Page 28
The English in America