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American Art PP Revised

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    American Art

    Colonial AmericaEarly 1900s

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    Colonial Era 1600-1800

    In the beginning focus was on navigation and exploration. Jamestown, 1607 English trying to catch up with Spain and France. Was known as

    the first English success. John Smith Plymouth, 1620 Mayflower Compact Mass Bay, 1630 The Enlightenment, 1695

    The Great Awakening, 1739 George Washington 1stCongress Bill of Rights

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    Jeremiah Theus, Mrs. Thomas

    Lynch,1755, Oil Portrait painting

    Dressed in upper classgown, with pined flower.

    Swiss immigrant made athriving thirty-year careeras a portrait painter incosmopolitan Charleston,

    South Carolina.

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    Joseph Blackburn, Elizabeth Browne Rogers,1761, Oil on canvas, 50 x 40"

    The sitter, Elizabeth

    Browne, was thedaughter of theAnglican rector ofPortsmouth, NewHampshire.

    Most likely painted onthe occasion of hermarriage.

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    John Singleton Copley, John Spooner,1763Oil on canvas

    The rise of the Americanamovement after WorldWar I secured Copley's

    reputation as the premiercolonial portrait painter

    Traditional Portrait for

    1763

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    Charles Willson Peale, Mr. and Mrs.Alexander Robinson, 1795, Oil

    As the paterfamilias of themost important family ofpainters in American history,Peale guaranteed his

    reputation through his progenyas well as in his contributionsto the natural sciences and thefounding of the first publicmuseum in the United States.

    The sitters are the artist'sdaughter and her husband.

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    Jacksonian Era 1800-1875

    At the beginning of this era the nation was only 25 yearsold

    Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-06)they went tolearn about natural life, map the area negotiate with

    native Americans, and find a North West Passage.

    The war of 1812 happened during this era

    Market Revolution (1815-40)

    Second Great Awakening (1825-40)

    Trail of Tears (1832-38)

    Move to the Civil Wartension growing between Northand South

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    Romantic Landscape and Hudson River School

    Hudson River school- a group of landscape paintersof the Hudson River Valley

    Sublime Tradition- the wild landscapes, seeking toshow the vastness of nature and to be awed by itsbeauty. To make humans feel small when confronted

    with the powerful landscape.

    Lyrical Tradition- more domestic landscapes

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    Thomas Doughty, In Natures Wonderland,1835, oil

    Example of the sublimetradition

    A small person in thisvast and beautifullandscape.

    Doughty was born inPhiladelphia, a self-taught

    artist, and one of theearliest American careerLandscape artists.

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    John Frederick Kensett, Niagara Falls, 1855,oil

    Example of Luminism, astyle of art indigenous toAmerica where

    landscapes wererendered throughsaturated light

    Kensett started as anengraver, then he worked8 years in Europe whichinfluenced his style.Kensett paints thinly witha muted palette.

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    Frederic E. Church, Cotopax, 1862, oil

    Example of EpicLandscape, a movementthat expanded the sublimetradition to include the

    idea of Manifest Destiny.

    Church was one of themost successful paintersin American history, the

    new world was a greatplace for him to paintscenic art

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    George Inness, Coming Storm, 1878, oil

    New Landscape Style wasnot just vast expanses ofwilderness, but instead

    showed settle andcultivated landscapes

    See how the farms arenestled in the landscape,

    the smoke from thechimneys mixing with theclouds

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    William Sidney Mount, Farmers, 1836, oil

    Genre Painting, showseveryday life of averageworking class.

    Genre became popularbecause of publicationand illustrations inmagazines.

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    George Catlin, Buffalo Chase with bowsand lances, 1832-1833, oil

    Paintings from the west,show not only the terrainand landscape, but also

    the Indian life

    George Catlin paintedmostly Indian portraitsand showed the native

    American culture

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    Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing theDelaware, 1851, oil

    Historical paintings

    During the Jacksonian erahistorical paintings had

    strong governmentsupport

    Leutze style was a morecontemporary kind of

    historical painting, whichstrove to show individualpoints in history that hadnational significance

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    The Gilded Age: 1878 -1900

    This period was marked by a growth inindustry and natural resources

    A higher demand for transportation arose,hence the construction of railroads

    The name Gilded Age came about because

    of the prosperity of many business menduring the time such as Andrew Carnegieand John D. Rockefeller

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    Mary Cassatt

    Mary Cassatt was one of the most famous GildedAge painters

    She was influenced by artists such as Degas andother Impressionists

    Her subject matters leaned towards domesticgenre scenes

    More intimate, sweet, gentle looking figures Emphasis on the form of figures, incorporation

    of colors, shades, highlights, and compositionalarrangements

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    La Toilette, oil on canvas, 1891Portrait of a Little Girl, oil on canvas, 1878

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    John Singer Sargent

    Another Gilded Age painter living from 1856 -1925

    Most famous for his portraits

    He was also influenced by the Impressionistmovement particularly artists such as Velasquezand Frans Hals

    Sargent also depicted every day scenes in his

    paintings, however, he seemed to have agreater focus on the upper class

    His portraits were characteristic of the wealth ofthe Gilded Age

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    Daughters of Edward D. Boit, oil on canvas, 1882Madame X, oil on canvas, 1884

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    Winslow Homer

    Watercolor artists who depicted outdoor scenesof people at work, landscapes, etc.

    He had more masculine scenes and figures He created his subjects in their purest form (not

    idealized) He used common citizens for his inspiration and

    subject matter, particularly fishermen and

    scenes of the ocean With watercolor he had to work from light to

    dark in a very delicate manner

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    Mending the Nets, watercolor and gouache overgraphite , 1882

    Life Line, oil on canvas, 1884

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    America: 1900-1920

    Major Movements During this time period:Progressivism: A broad based reform movement

    that sought governmental action in solving problems

    in many areas of American Life including: Education,public health, the economy, the environment, labor,transportation, and politics.

    Fundamentalist Movement: Anti-modernist

    Protestant Movement started in the early twentiethcentury that proclaimed the literal truth of the biblethe name came from the Fundamentals, published bythe conservative leaders.

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    1900-1920

    Feminism:Movement that entered life in theearly twentieth century. The movement

    emphasized full equality for women in political,social, and personal life.

    Americanization of Society:

    Sought to convert immigrants to the American Way

    of Life (Anglo-Saxon Culture) Melting Pot Phenomenon

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    Frank Lloyd Wright

    Imperial Hotel, 1912-1923

    Guggenheim, 1936

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    Thomas Eakins, The Chess Players

    1876 Oil on Wood

    http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/hob_81.14.htm
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    Robert Henri, The Masquerade

    Dress: Portrait of Mrs. Henri 1911 Oil on canvas

    76 x 36

    http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_Art/viewOnezoom.asp?dep=21&zoomFlag=0&viewmode=0&item=58%2E157
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    Marcel Duchamp, The BrideStripped Bare by Her Bachelors,

    1915-1923 272.5 x 175.8 cm

    Oil paint, varnish,

    lead foil, lead wire,and dust on twocracked glass plates,each mounted

    between 2 glasspanels, in steel andwood frame.

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    Works Cited Americas Library

    http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gilded

    WebMuseum, Parishttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/

    Artchivehttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cassatt.html

    John Singer Sargent Virtual Galleryhttp://www.jssgallery.org/index.htm

    Uncanny Spectacle The Public Career of the Young JohnSinger Sargent, Marc Simpson

    Artchivehttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/homer.html

    Son of the South

    http://www.sonofthesouth.net/Winslow_Homer.htm

    http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gildedhttp://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gildedhttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/http://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cassatt.htmlhttp://www.jssgallery.org/index.htmhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/homer.htmlhttp://www.sonofthesouth.net/Winslow_Homer.htmhttp://www.sonofthesouth.net/Winslow_Homer.htmhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/homer.htmlhttp://www.jssgallery.org/index.htmhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cassatt.htmlhttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cassatt/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gildedhttp://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gildedhttp://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gilded
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    Works Cited

    PBS : Frank Lloyd Wrightwww.pbs.org

    Marcel Duchamp

    www.understandingduchamp.comwww.paraethos.com/occulturelbride.htm

    Robert Henriwww.butlerart.com

    The Ashcan Schoolwww.pbs.orghttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htm

    http://www.pbs.org/http://www.understandingduchamp.com/http://www.paraethos.com/occulturelbride.htmhttp://www.butlerart.com/http://www.pbs.org/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htmhttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/eapa/ho_81.14.htmhttp://www.pbs.org/http://www.butlerart.com/http://www.paraethos.com/occulturelbride.htmhttp://www.understandingduchamp.com/http://www.pbs.org/
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    Works Cited

    Museumsatstonybrook.org

    Atrlex.com/ArtLex/kl/luminism.html

    Tfaoi.com

    American Art, Brown, Hunter, Jacobus,Rosenblum and Sokol, 1979, Pentice-Hall

    Inc. NJ


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