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American Crane School Study Guide
American Crane School
Study Guide
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(a) Qualifications. The employer shall only permit operators who have a valid certificate of competency (certificate) issued in accordance with this section by an Accredited Certifying Entity for the type of crane to be used to operate a crane covered by this section. Certifi-cates shall be issued to operators who:
(1) Pass a physical examination conducted by a physician which at a minimum shall include
the examination criteria specified in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B30.5-2000 standard, Chapter 5-3.1.2(a)(1-5, 7, 8) or the U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) physical examination requirements contained in 49 CFR Sec-tions 391.41 through 391.49.
(2) Pass a substance abuse test. The level of testing shall be consistent with the standard
practice for the industry where the crane is in use and this test shall be conducted by a recognized laboratory service;
(3) Pass a written examination developed, validated, and administered in accordance with the
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (Copyright 1999) published jointly by the Joint Committee of the American Educational Research Association, the American Psychological Association, and the National Council in Measurement in Education. The exam shall test knowledge and skills identified as necessary for safe crane operations and shall, at a minimum, include the following:
(A) Operational characteristics and controls, including characteristic and performance ques-
tions appropriate to the crane type for which qualification is sought; (B) Emergency control skills, such as a response to fire, power line contact, loss of stability, or control malfunction; (C) A demonstration of basic arithmetic skills necessary for crane operation and the ability to read and comprehend the crane manufacturer's operation and maintenance instruction materi-als, including load capacity information (load charts) for the crane for which certification is sought; (D) Knowledge of chapters 5-0 through 5-3 of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B30.5-2000 and B30.5a-2002 Addenda to the standard for mobile and locomotive cranes or chapters 4-0 through 4-3 of the ASME B30.4-1996 standard for portal, tower, and pedestal cranes or Chapter 3-3 of the ASME B 30.3-1996 standard for Construction Tower Cranes, depending on the type of crane(s) the operator intends to operate. (4) Pass a “hands-on” examination to demonstrate proficiency in operating the specific type of
crane, which at a minimum shall include pre-start and post-start inspection, maneuvering skills, shutdown, and securing procedures.
§5006.1. Mobile Crane and Tower Crane-Operator Qualifications and Certification.
American Crane School
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(b) Certification. Certificates shall be valid for a maximum of five (5) years. An Accredited Certifying Entity shall issue the certificate of competency to operators who successfully demonstrate the qualifications set forth in (a)(1)-(4) of this section. (c) Accredited Certifying Entity. A certifying entity is any organization whose certification program is accredited by the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). (d) Re-certification. Crane operators shall re-certify every five (5) years and shall be re-quired to meet all of the qualifications set forth in subsection (a). Operators with at least one-thousand (1,000) hours of documented experience operating the specific type of crane for which re-certification is sought as covered by this section during the immediately preceding certification period and who meet the physical examination, substance abuse, and written examination requirements set forth in subsections (a)(1), (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this section shall not be required to take the “hands-on” examination specified in subsec-tion (a)(4) to re-certify. (e) Trainees may be authorized to operate mobile or tower cranes provided they are under the direct supervision of an operator possessing a valid certificate of competency for the type of crane operated by the trainee. The term direct supervision means the supervising operator is in the immediate area of the trainee and within visual sighting distance and able to effectively communicate with the trainee. When performing direct supervision, the supervising operator shall have no other duties other than to observe the operation of the crane by the trainee. (f) Effective Date. The requirements of Section 5006.1 shall become effective on June 1, 2005. EXCEPTIONS TO SECTION 5006.1: (1) Mobile cranes having a boom length of less than 25 feet or a maximum rated load ca-
pacity of less than 15,000 pounds. (2) Operators of electric line trucks as defined in Section 2700 of the Electrical Safety Or-
ders, and regulated by Section 2940.7 of the High Voltage Electrical Safety Orders. (3) Marine terminal operations regulated by Article 14 of these Orders. NOTE Authority cited: Section 142.3, Labor Code. Reference: Section 142.3, Labor Code.
American Crane School §5006.1. Mobile Crane and Tower Crane-
Operator Qualifications and Certification.
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American Crane School Glossary (test preparation only)
Articulating crane: means a crane whose boom consists of a series of folding, pin connected structural members, typically manipulated to extend or retract by power from hydraulic cylinders. Assembly/Disassembly: means the assembly and/or disassembly of equipment cov-ered under this standard. With regard to tower cranes, "erecting and climbing" replaces the term "assembly," and "dismantling" replaces the term "disassembly." Regardless of whether the crane is initially erected to its full height or is climbed in stages, the proc-ess of increasing the height of the crane is an erection process. Assist crane: means a crane used to assist in assembling or disassembling a crane. Attachments: means any device that expands the range of tasks that can be done by the equipment. Examples include, but are not limited to: An auger, drill, magnet, pile-driver, and boom-attached personnel platform. Audible signal: means a signal made by a distinct sound or series of sounds. Exam-ples include, but are not limited to, sounds made by a bell, horn, or whistle. 1 Stop 2 Go Forward 3 Back Up Blocking: (also referred to as "cribbing") is wood or other material used to support equipment or a component and distribute loads to the ground. It is typically used to support lattice boom sections during assembly/disassembly and under outrigger and stabilizer floats. Boom (equipment other than tower crane): means an inclined spar, strut, or other long structural member which supports the upper hoisting tackle on a crane or derrick. Typically, the length and vertical angle of the boom can be varied to achieve increased height or height and reach when lifting loads. Booms can usually be grouped into gen-eral categories of hydraulically extendible, cantilevered type, latticed section, cable supported type or articulating type. Boom angle indicator: means a device which measures the angle of the boom rela-tive to horizontal. Boom length indicator: indicates the length of the permanent part of the boom (such as ruled markings on the boom) or, as in some computerized systems, the length of the boom with extensions/attachments. Center of gravity: The center of gravity of any object is the point in the object around which its weight is evenly distributed. If you could put a support under that point, you could balance the object on the support.
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American Crane School Glossary
Competent person: means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective meas-ures to eliminate them. Counterweight: means a weight used to supplement the weight of equipment in pro-viding stability for lifting loads by counterbalancing those loads. Crane/derrick: includes all equipment covered by this subpart. Crawler crane: means equipment that has a type of base mounting which incorpo-rates a continuous belt of sprocket driven track. Dedicated channel: means a line of communication assigned by the employer who controls the communication system to only one signal person and crane/derrick or to a coordinated group of cranes/derricks/signal person(s). Dedicated spotter (power lines): To be considered a dedicated spotter, the require-ments of § 1926.1428 (Signal person qualifications) must be met and his/her sole re-sponsibility is to watch the separation between the power line and the equipment, load line and load (including rigging and lifting accessories), and ensure through communi-cation with the operator that the applicable minimum approach distance is not breached. Drum rotation indicator: means a device on a crane or hoist which indicates in which direction and at what relative speed a particular hoist drum is turning. Electrical contact: occurs when a person, object, or equipment makes contact or comes in close proximity with an energized conductor or equipment that allows the passage of current. Equipment criteria: means instructions, recommendations, limitations and specifica-tions. Fall protection equipment: means guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or fall restraint systems. Fall restraint system: means a fall protection system that prevents the user from fal-ling any distance. The system is comprised of either a body belt or body harness, along with an anchorage, connectors and other necessary equipment. The other com-ponents typically include a lanyard, and may also include a lifeline and other devices.
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American Crane School Glossary
Fall zone: means the area (including but not limited to the area directly beneath the load) in which it is reasonably foreseeable that partially or completely suspended mate-rials could fall in the event of an accident. Floating cranes/derricks: means equipment designed by the manufacturer (or em-ployer) for marine use by permanent attachment to a barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation. Hoist: means a mechanical device for lifting and lowering loads by winding a line onto or off a drum. Hoisting: is the act of raising, lowering or otherwise moving a load in the air with equipment covered by this standard. As used in this standard, "hoisting" can be done by means other than wire rope/hoist drum equipment. Include/including: means "including, but not limited to." Insulating link/device: means an insulating device listed, labeled, or accepted by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7. Jib stop: (also referred to as a jib backstop), is the same type of device as a boom stop but is for a fixed or luffing jib. Land crane/derrick: is equipment not originally designed by the manufacturer for ma-rine use by permanent attachment to barges, pontoons, vessels, or other means of floatation. List: means the angle of inclination about the longitudinal axis of a barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of floatation. Load: refers to the object(s) being hoisted and/or the weight of the object(s); both uses refer to the object(s) and the load-attaching equipment, such as, the load block, ropes, slings, shackles, and any other ancillary attachment.
Load moment (or rated capacity) indicator: means a system which aids the equip-ment operator by sensing (directly or indirectly) the overturning moment on the equip-ment, i.e., load multiplied by radius. It compares this lifting condition to the equipment's rated capacity, and indicates to the operator the percentage of capacity at which the equipment is working. Lights, bells, or buzzers may be incorporated as a warning of an approaching overload condition.
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American Crane School Glossary
Load moment (or rated capacity) limiter: means a system which aids the equipment operator by sensing (directly or indirectly) the overturning moment on the equip-ment, i.e., load multiplied by radius. It compares this lifting condition to the equipment's rated capacity, and when the rated capacity is reached, it shuts off power to those equipment functions which can increase the severity of loading on the equipment, e.g., hoisting, telescoping out, or luffing out. Typically, those functions which decrease the severity of loading on the equipment remain operational, e.g., lowering, telescoping in, or luffing in. Luffing jib: The term used to describe a jib that can change its radius independent of the main boom. Mobile crane: means a lifting device incorporating a cable suspended latticed boom or hydraulic telescopic boom designed to be moved between operating locations by transport over the road. Nationally recognized accrediting agency: is an organization that, due to its inde-pendence and expertise, is widely recognized as competent to accredit testing organi-zations. Examples of such accrediting agencies include, but are not limited to, the Na-tional Commission for Certifying Agencies and the American National Standards Insti-tute. Nonconductive: means that, because of the nature and condition of the materials used, and the conditions of use (including environmental conditions and condition of the material), the object in question has the property of not becoming energized (that is, it has high dielectric properties offering a high resistance to the passage of current under the conditions of use).
Operational aids: are devices that assist the operator in the safe operation of the crane by providing information or automatically taking control of a crane function. These include, but are not limited to, the devices listed in § 1926.1416 ("listed opera-tional aids"). Operational controls: means levers, switches, pedals and other devices for control-ling equipment operation. Operator: means a person who is operating the equipment. Overhead and gantry cranes: includes overhead/bridge cranes, semigantry, cantile-ver gantry, wall cranes, storage bridge cranes, launching gantry cranes, and similar equipment, irrespective of whether it travels on tracks, wheels, or other means.
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Pendants: includes both wire and bar types. Wire type: A fixed length of wire rope with mechanical fittings at both ends for pinning segments of wire rope together. Bar type: Instead of wire rope, a bar is used. Pendants are typically used in a lattice boom crane system to easily change the length of the boom suspension system with-out completely changing the rope on the drum when the boom length is increased or decreased. Personal fall arrest system: means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these. Power lines: means electric transmission and distribution lines. Procedures: include, but are not limited to: Instructions, diagrams, recommendations, warnings, specifications, protocols and limitations. Proximity alarm: is a device that provides a warning of proximity to a power line and that has been listed, labeled, or accepted by a Nationally Recognized Testing Labora-tory in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7.
Qualified evaluator (not a third party): means a person employed by the signal per-son's employer who has demonstrated that he/she is competent in accurately assess-ing whether individuals meet the Qualification Requirements in this subpart for a signal person.
Qualified evaluator (third party): means an entity that, due to its independence and expertise, has demonstrated that it is competent in accurately assessing whether indi-viduals meet the Qualification Requirements in this subpart for a signal person.
Qualified person: means a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certifi-cate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experi-ence, successfully demonstrated the ability to solve/resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.
Qualified rigger: is a rigger who meets the criteria for a qualified person.
Range control limit device: is a device that can be set by an equipment operator to limit movement of the boom or jib tip to a plane or multiple planes.
Range control warning device: is a device that can be set by an equipment operator to warn that the boom or jib tip is at a plane or multiple planes.
American Crane School Glossary
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Rated capacity: means the maximum working load permitted by the manufacturer un-der specified working conditions. Such working conditions typically include a specific combination of factors such as equipment configuration, radii, boom length, and other parameters of use.
Rated capacity indicator: See load moment indicator.
Rated capacity limiter: See load moment limiter.
Repetitive pickup points: refer to, when operating on a short cycle operation, the rope being used on a single layer and being spooled repetitively over a short portion of the drum.
Running wire rope: means a wire rope that moves over sheaves or drums. criteria.
Runway: means a firm, level surface designed, prepared and designated as a path of travel for the weight and configuration of the crane being used to lift and travel with the crane suspended platform. An existing surface may be used as long as it meets these criteria. Section: means a section of this subpart, unless otherwise specified.
Special hazard warnings means: warnings of site-specific hazards (for example, proximity of power lines).
Stability: (flotation device) means the tendency of a barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation to return to an upright position after having been inclined by an ex-ternal force.
Tagline: means a rope (usually fiber) attached to a lifted load for purposes of control-ling load spinning and pendular motions or used to stabilize a bucket or magnet during material handling operations.
Tender: means an individual responsible for monitoring and communicating with a diver.
Tilt up or tilt down operation: means raising/lowering a load from the horizontal to vertical or vertical to horizontal.
Two blocking: means a condition in which a component that is uppermost on the hoist line such as the load block, hook block, overhaul ball, or similar component, comes in contact with the boom tip, fixed upper block or similar component. This binds the sys-tem and continued application of power can cause failure of the hoist rope or other component.
American Crane School Glossary
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Unavailable procedures: means procedures that are no longer available from the manufacturer, or have never been available, from the manufacturer.
Upperworks / Superstructure / Upperstructure: means the revolving frame of equip-ment on which the operating machinery (and many cases the engine) are mounted along with the operator's cab. The counterweight is typically supported on the rear of the upperstructure and the boom or other front end attachment is mounted on the front. Wire rope: means a flexible rope constructed by laying steel wires into various pat-terns of multi-wired strands around a core system to produce a helically wound rope.
American Crane School Glossary
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American Crane School Load Charts
GROSS CAPACITY VERSUS NET CAPACITY The capacities that are listed on a load chart are not the actual loads that can be lifted on the hook. The figures given in the charts are “Gross Capacities” The actual load the crane can lift is called net “Net Capacity” The maximum load must never exceed the Net Capacity! The Gross Capacity must include the weight of anything and everything that is mounted on the boom, stowed on it, and hanging from the tip. These are called ‘~Capacity Deductions” Capacity Deductions: 1) Weight of the Main load block (If using jib line) 2) Weight of the Headache ball 3) Weight of Jib (If using main line) 4) Weight of all hanging cable 5) Weight of all rigging 6) Weight of Load *Remember there are many variations, depending on manufacturer of crane, make sure to understand what the manufacturer determines are capacity deductions. GROSS CAPACITY - CAPACITY DEDUCTIONS = NET CAPACITY The rated capacity of cranes are divided into two groups: STRUCTURAL STRENGTH - This limit is based on actual strength of material, boom, jib, etc. Structural capacities in a load chart are distinguished by: Shaded area, above a bold line, with an * TIPPING CAPACITY- This limit is based on stability of crane or the weight necessary to tip the crane over. Tipping capacities are below the bold line It is of the utmost importance to determine which limit you are using. Each load chart will have a way distinguish the difference between the two.
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American Crane School Telescopic Booms
MAIN BOOM CAPACITY The procedure for determining Net Capacity is as follows: 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine load radius, boom length, boom angle, quadrants of operation IF THE ACTUAL LOAD RADIUS, BOOM LENGTH, BOOM ANGLE IS NOT LISTED ON CHART USE THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES: a) Radius - Use the next Longer radius b) Boom length - Use next Longer length c) Boom angle - Use the next Lower angle 4) Determine correct chart for crane configuration 5) Determine gross capacity 6) Determine~ the capacity deductions 7) Calculate net capacity 8) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to
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American Crane School Jib & Boom Extension—Types
The most common types of Jibs and Boom extensions for Hydraulic cranes are as follows: EXTENSION CAPACITIES - Full boom length The procedure for determining Net Capacity is as follows: 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine load radius, boom length (including extension), boom angle, quadrants of Operation 4) Determine correct chart for crane configuration 5) Determine gross capacity 6) Determine the capacity deductions 7) Calculate net capacity 8) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to or greater than the load, the lift can be made EXTENSION CAPACITIES - Partial boom length 1) Same as full boom length except, the gross capacity is now found in the column that show full boom length and extension and depends on actual boom angle only, actual ra-dius and boom length cannot be used. JIB CAPACITIES - One Chart 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine jib type and length, jib offset, and math boom angle 4) Determine correct jib chart for type and length being used 5) For the correct main boom angle and jib offset read the gross capacity from the jib load chart. This chart gives both structural and tipping capacities 6) Determine the capacity deductions 7) Calculate net capacity 8) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to or greater than the load, the lift can be made
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American Crane School
JIB CAPACITIES - Two Charts 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine jib type and length, jib offset, and main boom angle 4) Determine correct jib chart for type and length being used 5) For the correct main boom angle & jib offs et read the gross capac ity from the jib load chart 6) On the Jib chart read the gross structural capacity of the jib based on jib offset & actual main boom angle 7) Select the proper main load chart for the quadrant you are working in 8) From the main boom chart check the tipping capacity listed for the actual length of main boom (do not include jib length) and the actual load radius (do not use boom angle) 9) The lower of those two numbers is to be used as the gross capacity of the crane 10) Determine the capacity deductions 11) Calculate net capacity 12) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to or greater than the load, the lift can be made JIB AND EXTENSION CAPACITIES - One chart 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine jib and boom extension type and length, jib offset, and main boom angle 4) Determine correct load chart for boom extension and jib combination 5) For the correct main boom angle and jib offset read the gross capacity from the jib load chart. This chart gives both structural and tipping capacities 6) Determine the capacity deductions 7) Calculate net capacity 8) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to or greater than the load, the lift can be made JIB AND EXTENSION CAPACITIES - Two charts 1) Determine weight of load to be lifted 2) Determine weight of rigging 3) Determine jib and boom extension type and length, jib offset, and main boom angle, boom length (including extension, but not jib), and load radius 4) Determine correct load chart for boom extension and jib combination 5) For the actual main boom angle and jig offset read the gross structur al capacity in the jib and boom extension load chart
Jib & Boom Extension—Types
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American Crane School
JIB AND EXTENSION CAPACITIES - Two charts (continued) 6) Based on the quadrant of operation use the correct main boom load chart, Use filly extended boom length includ ing extension and t he actual load radius to determine gross tipping capacity 7) Determine the capacity deductions 8) Calculate net capacity 9) Compare the net capacity to the actual weight of the load if the net capacity is equal to or greater than the load, the lift can be made FACTORS THAT REDUCE LOAD CAPACITIES PRODUCTION (DUTY CYCLE) OPERATIONS: Full load chart ratings may not apply when certain operations are being done:
1) Pouring Concrete 2) Steel Erection 3) Dragline and clamshell work, etc.
SWING RATE: Starting and stopping the swing to rapidly and will cause a side4oading condition INCREASE IN LOAD RADIUS: When load is applied the boom deflection will cause the load to drift away from the crane, increasing load radius SIDE LOADING: A Load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom. Crane booms are de-signed for maximum strength downward not to the side. This is strictly forbidden by the manufacturer. UNLEVEL CRANE: All load charts are based on firm level ground, Below is an example of possible capac-ity loss due to crane being unlevel. An unlevel crane can decrease capacity by 50% IMPROPER USE OF OUTRIGGER’S: The load charts for carrier mounted or RT cranes are based on several configurations: 1) Outriggers fully extended or on rubber (tires) 2) (Optional) Mid span outriggers,
Jib & Boom Extension—Types
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American Crane School Powerline Contact
Working around cranes contact with power lines is the #1 cause of death for ground personnel.
If taglines are used they must be dry and non-conductive. Durable signs shall be installed, visible from the operators station and on the out-
side of the crane, warning that serious bodily injury may occur unless minimum clearances are maintained.
When the crane’s boom is capable of reaching the power lines a qualified person
who’s sole responsibility is to verify that the correct clearances are maintained shall be in constant contact with the operator.
Power lines are presumed to be energized unless the utility owner/operator con-
firms that the power line has been and continues to be de-energized and visibly grounded at the worksite.
If an operator must leave a crane that remains in contact with energized power
lines an important precaution is to avoid simultaneous contact with the crane and the ground.
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TABLE A—MINIMUM POWER LINE CLEARANCE DISTANCES– EQUIPMENT OPERATION
TABLE B- MINIMUM CLEARANCE DISTANCES WHILE TRAVELING WITH NO LOAD
Dedicated spotter. If any part of the equipment while traveling will get closer than 20 feet to the power line, the employer must ensure that a dedicated spotter who is in continuous contact with the driver/operator is used. The dedicated spotter must: Be positioned to effectively gauge the clearance distance. Where necessary, use equipment that enables the dedicated spotter to communicate directly
with the operator. Give timely information to the operator so that the required clearance distance can be maintained.
Note: The value that follows ‘‘to’’ is up to and includes that value. For example, over 50 to 200 means up to and including 200kV.
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American Crane School Wire Rope
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American Crane School Eccentric (Unbalanced) Reeving
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American Crane School
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American Crane School Telescopic Boom Cranes
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American Crane School Float Pads
Always have float pad at 90 degree angle to the cylinder Float pads must be latched to jack
Blocking must be: Parallel and tightly spaced. Greater than the float pad surface area, to reduce the applied ground pres-
sure. Sufficient to support the weight of the crane and the load.
Span Blocking can decrease the cranes stability, float pad strength, and could reduce the crane’s capacities by as much as 50%
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American Crane School Personnel Platforms
The lift must not exceed 50% of the equipments rated capacity at any time during the lift.
Use personnel platforms only when there is no other practical or safe alternative
and prior to making any lifts with a personnel platform a pre-lift meeting must be conducted.
On running wire ropes double all safety factors. Crane hook must be of a type that can be closed and locked, eliminating the throat
opening. Rigging hardware and hooks must be capable of supporting, without failure, at least
five times the maximum intended load. Test platform at 125% of rated capacity suspended for five minutes at every new
set up location, or if modification or repairs have been made. A trial lift 100% of in-tended load at every anticipated work area must be performed immediately prior to each shift.
Cranes must be equipped with an Anti-two block feature which automatically pre-
vents damage and load failure from contact with the load block, overhaul ball or similar components.
Except over water where a coast guard approved life vest is required, employees
occupying the personnel platform must be provided and use a fall arrest system. When Wind speeds (sustained or gusts) exceeds 20mph at the personnel platform,
a qualified person must determine if, in light of the wind conditions, it is not safe to lift personnel.
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American Crane School Personnel Lift Platform Pre-Lift Inspection
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American Crane School ASME B30.5 Hand Signals
HOIST With forearm vertical, fore-
finger pointing up, move hand in small horizontal
circle.
LOWER With arm extended down-ward, forefinger pointing
down, move hand in small horizontal circle
USE MAIN HOIST Tap fist on head, then use
regular signals
SWING Arm extended, point with finger in direction of swing
of boom
STOP Arm extended, palm down, move arm back and forth
horizontally
USE WHIPLINE (Auxiliary Hoist)
Tap elbow with one hand, then use regular signals
RAISE BOOM Arm extended, fingers closed, thumb pointing
upward
LOWER BOOM Arm extended, fingers closed, thumb pointing
downward
TRAVEL Arm extended forward, hand
open and slightly raised, make pushing motion in
direction of travel
DOG EVERYTHING Clasp hands in front of body
MOVE SLOWLY Use one hand to give any
motion signal and place other hand motionless in front of
hand giving the motion signal (Hoist slowly shown)
RAISE THE BOOM & LOWER THE LOAD
With arm extended, thumb pointing up, flex fingers in &
out as long as load movement is desired
LOWER THE BOOM & RIASE THE LOAD
With arm extended, thumb pointing down, flex fingers in & out as long as load movement
is desired
TRAVEL (One Track) Lock the track on side indi-cated by raised fist. Travel opposite track in direction
indicated by circular motion of other fist, rotated vertically in front of body (land cranes only)
EXTEND BOOM (Telescoping Booms)
Both fists in front of body with thumbs pointing outward
RETRACT BOOM (Telescoping Booms)
Both fists in front of body with thumbs pointing toward
each other
TRAVEL (Both Tracks) Use both fists in front of body, making a circular motion about each other
indicating direction of travel, forward or backward (Land cranes only)
EMERGENCY STOP Both arms extended, palms down, move arms back and
forth horizontally
EXTEND BOOM (Telescoping Boom)
One Hand Signal. One fist in front of chest with thumb
tapping chest
RETRACT BOOM (Telescoping Boom)
One Hand Signal. One fist in front of chest with thumb pointing outward and heel
of fist tapping chest
Hand signals must be posted conspicuously on the jobsite Audible travel signals (Horn) 1 signal stop, 2 signal forward, 3 signals back
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American Crane School Weight Of Material
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American Crane School Pre-operation Daily Inspection (To be completed before or during the shift)
(OSHA 1926.1412) Date________________ Shift_____________________ Inspector___________________________ Make________________ Model_____________________Hour Reading______________________ Oil Level_____________Water Level_________________Fuel Level__________________________ Taking apart equipment components and booming down is not required as part of this inspection unless the results of the visual in-spection or trial operation indicate that further investigation necessitating taking apart equipment components or booming down is needed.
INSPECT: OK Repair Rq’d
Control mechanisms for maladjustments interfering with proper operation.
OK Repair Rq’d
Control and drive mechanisms for apparent excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants, water or other foreign matter
OK Repair Rq’d
Air, hydraulic, and other pressurized lines for deterioration or leakage, particularly those which flex in nor-mal operation.
OK Repair Rq’d
Hydraulic system for proper fluid level.
OK Repair Rq’d
Hooks and latches for deformation, cracks, excessive wear, or damage such as from chemicals or heat.
OK Repair Rq’d
Wire rope reeving for compliance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
OK Repair Rq’d
Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of apparent excessive deterioration, dirt or moisture accumula-tion.
OK Repair Rq’d
Tires (when in use) for proper inflation and condition..
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect Wire rope in contact with saddles, equalizer sheaves or other sheaves where rope travel is limited.
OK Repair Rq’d
Ground conditions around the equipment for proper support, including ground settling under and around outriggers/stabilizers and supporting foundations, ground water accumula-tion, or similar conditions.
OK Repair Rq’d
The equipment for level position within the tolerances specified by the equipment manufacturer’s recom-mendations, both before each shift and after each move and setup.
OK Repair Rq’d
Operator cab windows for significant cracks, breaks, or other deficiencies that would hamper the operator’s view.
OK Repair Rq’d
Rails, rail stops, rail clamps and supporting surfaces when the equipment has rail traveling.
OK Repair Rq’d
Safety devices and operational aids for proper operation.
If any deficiencies are found an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency con-stitutes a safety hazard. If so the equipment must be taken out of service until it has been corrected.
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WIRE ROPE INSPECTIONS (1926.1413) Inspect:
OK Repair Rq’d
No Significant distortion of the wire rope structure such as kinking, crushing, unstranding, birdcaging, signs of core failure or steel core protrusion between the outer strands,
OK Repair Rq’d
No significant corrosion, Arc damage, Heat damage or Significantly corroded, cracked, bent, worn or im-properly applied end connections
OK Repair Rq’d
In running wire ropes: Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay . No broken Strands Rotation Resistant : Two randomly distributed broken wires in six rope diameters or four randomly distrib-uted broken wires in 30 rope diameters. No broken strands
OK Repair Rq’d
In pendants or standing wire ropes: More than two broken wires in one rope lay located in rope beyond end connections and/or more than one broken wire in a rope lay located at an end connection.
OK Repair Rq’d
No Core Protrusion in Rotation Resistant wire rope
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect all rotation resistant rope
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect Wire rope being used for boom hoists and luffing hoists, particularly at reverse bends.
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect Wire rope at flange points, crossover points and repetitive pickup points on drums.
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect Wire rope at or near terminal ends.
OK Repair Rq’d
Inspect Wire rope in contact with saddles, equalizer sheaves or other sheaves where rope travel is limited.
OK Repair Rq’d
If wire rope has been shortened, the employer must ensure that the drum will still have two wraps of wire when the load and/or boom is in its lowest position.
OK Repair Rq’d
Wire rope is NOT spliced, as joining lengths of wire rope by splicing is prohibited
If any deficiencies are found an immediate determination must be made by the competent person as to whether the deficiency con-stitutes a safety hazard. If so use of wire rope must be prohibited until repaired.
Copyright 1998–2014 National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators. All rights reserved. PEH REV 04/14 38
Candidate Response GuideM
OB
ILE C
RA
NE O
PER
ATO
R C
AN
DID
ATE
RESPO
NSE G
UID
E
This
gu
ide
list
s co
mm
on d
efici
enci
es/i
tem
s ca
nd
idat
e m
ay d
escr
ibe
du
rin
g th
e P
re-O
per
atio
nal
Insp
ecti
on a
nd
Saf
e Se
curi
ng
Pro
ced
ure
s Ta
sks.
Th
is is
just
a g
uid
e an
d o
ther
rel
ated
term
inol
ogy
may
be
acce
ptab
le.
Task
: Pre
-Op
era
tio
nal
(Sh
ift)
In
spect
ion
INSP
ECTI
ON
ITEM
POTE
NTI
AL
DEF
ICIE
NC
IES
1.
Gro
und
Cond
ition
s
Im
prop
er c
ribbi
ng
G
roun
d se
ttlin
g co
ncer
ns
W
ater
acc
umul
atio
n
Le
vel g
roun
d
U
nder
grou
nd u
tiliti
es
2.
Leve
l Con
ditio
n
O
ut o
f tol
eran
ce
O
utsi
de o
f 1%
leve
l
O
utrig
gers
U
nlev
el
Poor
crib
bing
3.
Tire
s or
Cra
wle
rs
Im
prop
er in
flatio
n
Cu
ts o
r oth
er d
amag
e
Ex
cess
ive
wea
r
Dr
y ro
t
Lu
gs
4.
Cab
Win
dow
s
Cr
acks
Br
eaks
Dirt
y/de
bris
Wip
ers
Mirr
ors
5.
Wire
Rop
e Re
evin
g
Bi
rd n
estin
g
O
ff sh
eave
On
wro
ng s
heav
e
Sp
oolin
g
Pi
ns
6.
Wire
Rop
e Co
nditi
on
Br
oken
wire
s
Pe
enin
g
Bi
rd c
agin
g
Ki
nks
Lubr
icat
ion
7.
Hook
s an
d La
tche
s
De
form
atio
n
Cr
acks
Exce
ssiv
e w
ear o
r dam
age
Latc
hes
Sprin
g
8.
Flui
d Le
vels
Hydr
aulic
sys
tem
s (lo
w)
Torq
ue c
onve
rter
s (lo
w)
Engi
nes
(low
)
Co
olan
t
Fu
el
9.
Pres
suriz
ed L
ines
(e.g
., ai
r, hy
drau
lic)
Dete
riora
tion
Leak
age
Fitt
ings
Cr
acks
/cut
s
Ru
bbin
g
10.
Driv
e M
echa
nism
s (e
.g.,
clut
ches
, br
akes
, cha
ins)
Exce
ssiv
e w
ear
Cont
amin
atio
n by
lubr
ican
ts, w
ater
, or f
orei
gn m
atte
r
Cl
utch
adj
ust
Leak
s
11.
Cont
rol M
echa
nism
s
M
alad
just
men
t
Im
prop
er la
belin
g
Fu
nctio
ning
Pe
dals
Calib
ratio
n
12.
Safe
ty D
evic
es a
nd O
pera
tiona
l Aid
s
Im
prop
erly
inst
alle
d
N
ot fu
nctio
ning
pro
perly
Anti
two-
bloc
k
LM
I
Ho
rn
13.
Elec
tric
al S
yste
ms
Mal
func
tioni
ng
Ex
cess
ive
dete
riora
tion
Dirt
/moi
stur
e ac
cum
ulat
ion
Ligh
ts
Wiri
ng
Task
5: Safe
Secu
rin
g P
roce
du
res
Safe
Sec
urin
g Pr
oced
ures
Boom
at s
afe
angl
e (T
LL/T
SS: b
oom
st
owed
or r
etra
cted
)
Ball/
bloc
k ra
ised
to s
afe
heig
ht
Al
l bra
kes
and
lock
s en
gage
d
Re
mov
e ke
y an
d lo
ck d
oor
Out
rigge
rs
