American Government100 Concepts

& Final Exam PreparationFall Semester

THE 100 CONCEPTS1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3031 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4041 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 5051 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 6061 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7071 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8081 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 9091 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number 1:QUESTION:What is government?

ANSWER:Institution through which a society

makes and enforces its public policy

Number 2:QUESTION:What is a form of government in which

the people elect the members of parliament, and they in turn elect the executive?

ANSWER:Parliamentary government

Number 3:QUESTION:What are the 4 characteristics of

every state?

ANSWER: population, territory, government, and sovereignty

Number 4:QUESTION:What is the name of the meeting

between colonists to oppose the British tax on paper products, and it marks the first time the colonists unified against the British?

ANSWER: Stamp Act Congress

Number 5:QUESTION:What is the chief executive’s power to

reject a bill passed by a legislature?

ANSWER:Veto

Number 6:QUESTION: List the three parts of

the Constitution?

ANSWER: Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments

Number 7:QUESTION: Explain the process by

which an amendment is passed and added to the Constitution?

ANSWER: by either a 2/3s vvote in each house of Congress or at a national convention, and passed by 3/4ths of state legislatures or conventions in 3/4ths of states

Number 8:QUESTION: What do we call the

process by which the natioal government works in conjunction with state governments?

ANSWER: cooperative federalism

Number 9:QUESTION:What is a body of people living in a

defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority?

ANSWER:A state

Number 10:QUESTION: What are interstate

compacts?

ANSWER: agreements among themselves and with foreign states

Number 11:QUESTION: What do we call the

Constitution’s requirenment that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state?

ANSWER: Full Faith and Credit Clause

Number 12:QUESTION: What do we call the

Constitution’s provision that all citizens be treated the same and have the same privileges as all other states, even if they’re not residents?

ANSWER: Privileges and Immunities Clause

Number 13:QUESTION:Which theory of the origins of

government claims that states form when one person or group forces others under their control?

ANSWER:The Force Theory

Number 14:QUESTION:Which theory of the origins of

government claims that states developed naturally out of the early family?

ANSWER:The Evolution Theory

Number 15:QUESTION:Which theory of the origins of

government claims that God created the state and gave those of royal birth a right to rule?

ANSWER:The Divine Right Theory

Number 16:QUESTION:Which theory of the origins of

government claims that people within an area gave up power to the state to promote safety of all?

ANSWER:The Social Contract Theory

Number 17:QUESTION: Party in the electorate

is….

ANSWER: people who identify themselves as members of a party

Number 18:QUESTION: Party organization is…

ANSWER: the leaders, activists, and volunteers in the party

Number 19:QUESTION:In which type of government do all

members of society vote on all issues?

ANSWER:A direct democracy

Number 20:QUESTION: The party in

government is…

ANSWER: all of the party’s candidates that are serving in the government

Number 21:QUESTION:Which type of government elects

individual members to make decisions for the whole?

ANSWER:An indirect/representative democracy

Number 22:QUESTION:Which type of government has a

centralized government in which all powers belong to a single, central agency?

ANSWER:A unitary government

Number 23:QUESTION:Which type of government divides

powers between a central government and several local governments?

ANSWER:A federal government

Number 24:QUESTION: What are all the

reasons for the two party system in America?

ANSWER: rooted in American history, promoted by electoral system, encouraged by American ideological consensus, and characterized by eras of one-party domination

Number 25:QUESTION: Eras when Democrats

in power

ANSWER: 1800-1860 started by Thomas Jefferson; and then 1932-1968 from FDR to JFK

Number 26:QUESTION: What do we call minor

parties that are based on a particular set of beliefs?

ANSWER: ideological parties

Number 27:QUESTION: What do we call minor

parties that split from a major party and typically form around a strong personality?

ANSWER: splinter parties

Number 28:QUESTION: What is the 26th

Amenemdent?

ANSWER: reduced voting age to 18

Number 29:QUESTION: What is voter

registration?

ANSWER: requirement in some state to pre-register before you can vote

Number 30:QUESTION: What do we call one’s

own influence or effectiveness on politics?

ANSWER: political efficacy

Number 31:QUESTION: Why do people choose

not to vote?

ANSWER: cannot vote [aliens, legal restraints, lack political efficacy, feel alienated, lack knowledge]

Number 32:QUESTION: What amendment

allowed for blacks to vote?

ANSWER: 15th amendment

Number 33:QUESTION: A type of primary

where only declared party members can nominate for the party?

ANSWER: closed primary

Number 34:QUESTION: this type of primary is

a partys nominating electing in which any qualified voter can cast a ballot?

ANSWER: open primary

Number 35:QUESTION: a type of primary in

which the top two vote-getters in the first direct primary face one another

ANSWER: run-off primary

Number 36:QUESTION: List the five methods

of nominating candidates?

ANSWER: self-announcement, caucus, conventions, direct primary, and petition

Number 37:QUESTION: What is the role of

interest groups?

ANSWER: try to influence what government does in some specific way

Number 38:QUESTION:Which document, also known as the

Great Charter, was forced upon King John of England and established that the power of the monarchy was not absolute?

ANSWER:The Magna Carta

Number 39:QUESTION: What is the direct

approach of lobbying and name an example?

ANSWER: bringing group pressures directly on policymakers: lobbying Congress, the Executive Branch, and Courts

Number 40:QUESTION: What is the indirect

approach of lobbying and name an example?

ANSWER: influencing policymakers but not directly: grass-roots, shaping public opinion, propaganda, electioneering [helping someone win]

Number 41:QUESTION: Name some of the

criticisms of interest groups?

ANSWER: focus on special/narrow interests, represent only small segment of society, use unethical tactics

Number 42:QUESTION: Define bicameral

legislature.

ANSWER: legislature made up of two houses

Number 43:QUESTION: define apportion

ANSWER: distribute

Number 44:QUESTION: Define reapportion

ANSWER: redistribute

Number 45:QUESTION: What do we call the

process of drawing electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group?

ANSWER: gerrymandering

Number 46:QUESTION:What basic principle of American

government asserts that the people are the source of any and all power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed?

ANSWER:Popular sovereignty

Number 47:QUESTION:What plan of government was adopted

by the Continental Congress after the American Revolution, establishing a "firm league of friendship" among the States?

ANSWER:Articles of Confederation

Number 48:QUESTION: How long is the term

for the House of Representatives and the Senate?

ANSWER: House of Representative: 2 yearsSenate: 4 years

Number 49:QUESTION: What are the

qualificaitons to be a member of the House?

ANSWER: at least 25 years old, citizen for at least 7 years, and inhabitant of the State

Number 50:QUESTION:What proposal called for a three-branch

government with a bicameral legislature in which each State's membership would be determined by its population or its financial support for the central government?

ANSWER:The Virginia Plan

Number 51:QUESTION:Which proposal was presented as an

alternative to the Virginia Plan and called for a unicameral legislature in which each state would be equally represented?

ANSWER:The New Jersey Plan

Number 52:QUESTION: How many members

make up the House and Senate individually?

ANSWER:House: 435Senate: 100

Number 53:QUESTION:What was the Three-Fifths

Compromise?

ANSWER:Agreement at the Constitutional Convention to

count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining the population of a State.

Number 54:QUESTION: What are the

qualifications to becoming a Senator?

ANSWER: at least 30 years old, citizen for 9 years, and resident of the state

Number 55:QUESTION:What name was given to those who

supported the ratification of the Constitution?

ANSWER:Federalists

Number 56:QUESTION:What name was given to those who

opposed ratification of the Constitution?

ANSWER:Anti-federalists

Number 57:QUESTION: What is the currency

power of Congress?

ANSWER: power to coin money

Number 58:QUESTION: What is the war

powers?

ANSWER: power of Congress to declare war, raise and support armies, and make rules governing nation’s military forces

Number 59:QUESTION:Which Constitutional concept provides

that powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches?

ANSWER:Separation of powers

Number 60:QUESTION:Which Constitutional concept provides

a system of overlapping powers to permit each branch to check the others?

ANSWER:Checks and balances

Number 61:QUESTION:Which Constitutional concept gives

power to the court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action?

ANSWER:Judicial review

Number 62:QUESTION: What do we call the

constitutional clause that gives Congress the power to make all laws necessary and proper for executing its powers?

ANSWER: Necessary and Proper Clause

Number 63:QUESTION: What do we call the

presiding officer of the House of Representatives chosen by and from the majority party in the House?

ANSWER: Speaker of the House

Number 64:QUESTION: What do we call the

presiding officer of the Senate who is always the Vice President?

ANSWER: President of the Senate

Number 65:QUESTION: What do we call the

member of the U.S. Senate chosen to president in the absence of the president of the Senate?

ANSWER: president pro tempore

Number 66:QUESTION: What do we call a

permanent committee in a legislative body to which billd of a specified subject matter are referred?

ANSWER: standing committee

Number 67:QUESTION: What do we call a

division of existing committee that is formed to address specific isssues?

ANSWER: subcommittee

Number 68:QUESTION: What do we call a

temporary joint committee created to reconcile any differences between the two houses’s versions of a bill?

ANSWER: conference committee

Number 69:QUESTION: What do we call a

member who heads a standing committee in a legislative body?

ANSWER: committee chairmen

Number 70:QUESTION: What is the term used

for the President whe he acts as a ceremonial head of the US, the symbol of all the people of the nation?

ANSWER: Chief of State

Number 71:QUESTION:Which are the powers of the National

Government that are spelled out in the Constitution?

ANSWER:Expressed powers

Number 72:QUESTION:Which powers of the National

Government that are suggested as "necessary and proper"?

ANSWER:Implied powers

Number 73:QUESTION:Which are the powers the National

Government has as government of a sovereign state?

ANSWER:Inherent powers

Number 74:QUESTION: What do we call the

scheme by which a presidential vacancy is filled?

ANSWER: presidential succession

Number 75:QUESTION:Which are the powers that both the

National Government and the States possess and execute?

ANSWER:Concurrent powers

Number 76:QUESTION:What clause states that the

Constitution stands above all other forms of law?

ANSWER:The Supremacy Clause

Number 77:QUESTION: What is the name of

the act that specifies the order of presidential succession following the Vice President?

ANSWER: Presidential Succession Act of 1947

Number 78:QUESTION: What is the Executive

Article?

ANSWER: Article II of the Constitution that established the presidency

Number 79:QUESTION: What is executive

power?

ANSWER: the power to execute, enforce, and administer law

Number 80:QUESTION: What is exective

privilege?

ANSWER: the President’s power to refuse tp disclose information

Number 81:QUESTION: What do we call an

official postponement of the execution of a sentence?

ANSWER: reprieve

Number 82:QUESTION: What do we call

release from the punishment or legal consequence of a crime by the President or governor?

ANSWER: pardon

Number 83:QUESTION: What do we call the law

that says a President can only committ American military forces is Congress has declared war, Congress authorized the action, or attack has occurred on the country?

ANSWER: War Powers Resolution of 1973

Number 84:QUESTION:In the United States, what are the

three voting requirenments?

ANSWER:citizenship, residence, and age

Number 85:QUESTION: What do we call the judicial

philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should interpret and apply provisions in the Constitution in light of ongoing changes in conditions and values?

ANSWER: judicial activism

Number 86:QUESTION: What term is used to

describe lower federal courts, beneat the Supreme Court?

ANSWER: inferior courts

Number 87:QUESTION: what do we call

federal courts that Congress formed under Article II to exercise judicial power of the US

ANSWER: constitutional courts

Number 88:QUESTION: what do we call the

courts that have narrowly defined jurisdictions like tax court, territorial courts, and veterans?

ANSWER: special courts

Number 89:QUESTION: What type of courts

were made to relieve some of the burden off of the Supreme Court and to which you can contest a previous court decision?

ANSWER: appellate courts, or cour of appeals

Number 90:QUESTION: What is a dual court

system?

ANSWER: national judiciary and state court systems coexisting

Number 91:QUESTION: What is the term used

to descibe the authority of a court to hear a case?

ANSWER: original jurisdiction

Number 92:QUESTION: What is the process of

selecting and approving federal judges?

ANSWER: president selects them; Senate approves them

Number 93:QUESTION: Describe process of

how Supreme Courts hear a case.

ANSWER: first filed in federal district court, federal court of appeals, Supreme Court

Number 94:QUESTION: What are the six parts

to thr 1st amendment?

ANSWER: freedom of religion, speech, petition, press, and assembly; no establishment of religion

Number 95:QUESTION: What does

Establishment clause mean?

ANSWER: separates church and state, no fixed religion

Number 96:QUESTION: What does Free

Exercise Clause mean?

ANSWER: guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion

Number 97:QUESTION:What is a private organization whose

members share certain views and work to shape public policy?

ANSWER:Interest group

Number 98:QUESTION: Student religious

groups: what can they do?

ANSWER: program release time, same resources as any other school group

Number 99:QUESTION:What are those activities by which

group pressures are brought to bear on legislators, the legislative process, and all aspects of the public policy-making process?

ANSWER:lobbying

Number 100:QUESTION:What term refers to issues, beliefs, or

pressures that arise from the average voters?

ANSWER:Grass roots

Score and GraphScore and Graph