American Immigration Review (Chronological)

I. 1790-1848

• Trends– Immigrants mostly of northwest European

origins

• Reactions– Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

II. 1848-1920

• Trends– German immigration spikes in 1848- why?– Irish immigration spikes (1845-1852) –why?– Chinese immigration increases on the West Coast

(1848) – why?

• Reactions– Know-Nothing (American) Party (1850s to 1856) – Chinese Exclusion Act (1880)

II. 1848-1920

• Trends– New Immigration

• Eastern European and Southern European (Polish, Lithuanian, Italian, etc.)

• Catholic or Jewish, not Protestant• Non-democratic traditions• Often temporary (esp. Italians)

• Reactions– Progressive Movement– Eugenics

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III. 1920-1960

• Trends– Further immigration from Eastern Europe and

Mexico until Great Depression

• Reactions– Emergency Quota Act (1921)– Immigration Act (1924)– National Origins Formula (1927)– Bracero Program (1942) and Operation

Wetback (1953)

IV. 1960-Present

• Trends– Immigration mainly from Latin America, South

East Asia and Africa

• Reactions– Hart-Cellar Act abolished National Origins

System (1965)– Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)