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Center for Energy and Environment
AIA COTE | April 2015
A leading research center providing technical expertise
and tools for building and energy professionals
Megan Hoye, LEED AP
Innovation Exchange, Engagement Coordinator
Pg. 2
35+ Years of Clean Energy
Accomplishments
Program Design and Delivery
80,000 Residential Customers
Supervised and tested 13,300
homes in the Sound Insulation Program
Completed over 10,500 lighting
retrofits resulting in $98M annual savings
Lending Center
25,000 loans totaling over $190M
Close over 800 loans annually
Average loan amount is
$8,000
Engineering Services
Independent 3rd party
investigators
Investigated over 30M square feet of
buildings
Average building sees a less then 2
year payback
Research
Nationally recognized
Research informs all of our programs
Published over 125 technical papers
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PRIMARY TAKEAWAY:
• Our Work Is Synergistic
• We provide feedback from the back end
• You provide feedback from the front end
• Making a push for more designer-friendly research findings
• Historically existing building research
• Evolving dissemination
• Wide range of audiences
• Opportunities for future collaboration & feedback
Pg. 5
Acknowledgements
Administers MN Conservation Applied Research & Development (CARD) grants
Pg. 6
Research Project Snapshot
Commercial
Envelope Air Leakage
RTU Cold Climate Optimization
Duct Leakage
Window Retrofits
Condensing Boiler Optimization*
ERV Performance*
Indoor Pool Equip. Efficiency*
Small Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
RTU Baseline Performance
Hot Water Recirculation
Energy Code Compliance*
Multifamily
Multifamily Ventilation
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Single-Family
Tankless Water Heaters
Heat Pump Water Heaters
Air Source Heat Pumps
Condensing Boiler RCx
High Efficiency Furnace Retrofits
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
*Projects that are applicable to multifamily buildings as well as other commercial buildings types.
CARD Project Timeline A snapshop of CEE’s contribution to Conservation Applied Research & Developmen (CARD):
Supported in part by grant funding from the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy
Resources, these projects aim to improve utility conservation programs, identify new energy savings
technologies, and document impacts from energy saving measures.
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment 16% Building Envelope
68%
5%11%
16%
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment
Building Envelope
Plug-Loads & Behavior
Program Piloting
68% 11%
Completed projectsFinal reports available online
Plug-Loads & Behavior 5% Program Piloting
Commercial
Envelope Air Leakage
RTU Cold Climate Optimization
Duct Leakage
Window Retrofits
Condensing Boiler Optimization*
ERV Performance*
Indoor Pool Equip. Efficiency*
Small Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
RTU Baseline Performance
Hot Water Recirculation
Energy Code Compliance*
Multifamily
Multifamily Ventilation
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Single-Family
Tankless Water Heaters
Heat Pump Water Heaters
Air Source Heat Pumps
Condensing Boiler RCx
High Efficiency Furnace Retrofits
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
*Projects that are applicable to multifamily buildings as well as other commercial buildings types.
CARD Project Timeline A snapshop of CEE’s contribution to Conservation Applied Research & Developmen (CARD):
Supported in part by grant funding from the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy
Resources, these projects aim to improve utility conservation programs, identify new energy savings
technologies, and document impacts from energy saving measures.
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment 16% Building Envelope
68%
5%11%
16%
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment
Building Envelope
Plug-Loads & Behavior
Program Piloting
68% 11%
Completed projectsFinal reports available online
Plug-Loads & Behavior 5% Program Piloting
Commercial
Envelope Air Leakage
RTU Cold Climate Optimization
Duct Leakage
Window Retrofits
Condensing Boiler Optimization*
ERV Performance*
Indoor Pool Equip. Efficiency*
Small Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
RTU Baseline Performance
Hot Water Recirculation
Energy Code Compliance*
Multifamily
Multifamily Ventilation
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Single-Family
Tankless Water Heaters
Heat Pump Water Heaters
Air Source Heat Pumps
Condensing Boiler RCx
High Efficiency Furnace Retrofits
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
*Projects that are applicable to multifamily buildings as well as other commercial buildings types.
CARD Project Timeline A snapshop of CEE’s contribution to Conservation Applied Research & Developmen (CARD):
Supported in part by grant funding from the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy
Resources, these projects aim to improve utility conservation programs, identify new energy savings
technologies, and document impacts from energy saving measures.
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment 16% Building Envelope
68%
5%11%
16%
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment
Building Envelope
Plug-Loads & Behavior
Program Piloting
68% 11%
Completed projectsFinal reports available online
Plug-Loads & Behavior 5% Program Piloting
Commercial
Envelope Air Leakage
RTU Cold Climate Optimization
Duct Leakage
Window Retrofits
Condensing Boiler Optimization*
ERV Performance*
Indoor Pool Equip. Efficiency*
Small Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
RTU Baseline Performance
Hot Water Recirculation
Energy Code Compliance*
Multifamily
Multifamily Ventilation
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Single-Family
Tankless Water Heaters
Heat Pump Water Heaters
Air Source Heat Pumps
Condensing Boiler RCx
High Efficiency Furnace Retrofits
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
*Projects that are applicable to multifamily buildings as well as other commercial buildings types.
CARD Project Timeline A snapshop of CEE’s contribution to Conservation Applied Research & Developmen (CARD):
Supported in part by grant funding from the Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy
Resources, these projects aim to improve utility conservation programs, identify new energy savings
technologies, and document impacts from energy saving measures.
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment 16% Building Envelope
68%
5%11%
16%
Projects By Expertise Area
Mechanical Systems & Special Equipment
Building Envelope
Plug-Loads & Behavior
Program Piloting
68% 11%
Completed projectsFinal reports available online
Plug-Loads & Behavior 5% Program Piloting
Pg. 7
Recent Commercial Building Research
Building Envelope
Space Conditioning Equipment
Plug-Loads
Window Retrofits
Envelope Air Leakage
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Energy Code Support
Duct Leakage
ERVs
Indoor Pool Equipment
Hot Water Recirculation
Condensing Boilers
Roof-Top Units
Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
2015 20162014 2017
*Anticipated research end dates
Pg. 8
Recent Commercial Building Research
Building Envelope
Space Conditioning Equipment
Plug-Loads
Window Retrofits
Envelope Air Leakage
Multifamily Aerosol Sealing
Energy Code Support
Duct Leakage
ERVs
Indoor Pool Equipment
Hot Water Recirculation
Condensing Boilers
Roof-Top Units
Data Center Loads
Plug-Load Controls
2015 20162014 2017
*Anticipated research end dates
Pg. 9
Duct Sealing• Develop building characterizations
to ID affordable opportunities
Energy Code Support• Affordability of supporting
high-impact energy measures
• pilot technical tools to enhance
compliance
Window Retrofits• Test viability of window films
& panels as low-cost alternative
1
2
3
Building Focused 1 2
3
Pg. 10
Optimized Pool Operation• Improve recommissioning (RCx)
• Operator training opportunities
Hot Water Recirculation• Test demand controllers in hotels
• Occupant comfort & achievable energy
savings
21
Equipment Focused
1
2
3 Duct Leakage• Quantify potential energy savings
• Cost-effective techniques for sealing
Pg. 11
Small Data Center Efficiency (SDCEs)
• Characterize server rooms in Minnesota
• Test outreach, training, & incentives
1
Plug-Load Focused
1
Pg. 12
How to think about our research…
1. Feedback From The Field
better building & design team knowledge
2. Design Implications & Best Practices
for integrating into your design process & specifications
3. Potential Utility Resources
direct tools, technical support, or incentive opportunities
IMPROVING ENERGY RECOVERY
VENTILATION PERFORMANCE
Feedback From the Field
Pg. 14
Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs)
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Project Objectives
• Identify common problems that diminish ERV
performance in Minnesota buildings
• Develop protocols and tools to optimize ERV
performance
• Commissioning & recommissioning guides
• Maintenance & facility operator guides
• Savings & retrofit cost calculators
• Disseminate results
Pg. 16
Operational Issues Encountered
• 4 of 5 sites experiencing control issues
• 2 sites – controls prevent any energy recovery
• 1 site – absent economizing mode
• 1 site with part failure diminishing energy recovery
• Majority of sites have fouling filters
• 1 site with several design & building integration issues
that reduce energy recovery
• 4 of 5 sites recovering less than 75% of expectations,
3 sites less than 50% & 2 sites less than 10%!
Pg. 17
Implementation (In Progress)
• Updated control sequences, maintenance routines,
and part replacements are underway
• Additional recommendations are expected for sites
with major issues preventing energy recovery
• Post-monitoring to calculate improvements to
performance and recovered energy
• Commissioning, recommissioning, maintenance &
facility best practices and operating guides
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How to use this feedback:
• NOTE: ERVs more commonly underperform than
perform as intended
• CONSIDER & APPLY: Weigh the value with your client
& design team
• Could project budget be better allocated towards other energy
saving opportunities?
• TOOLS: Convey to building owner the value of
operation according to a manual
• Helps build trust and additional services with client
PLUG-LOAD CONTROLS
Design Implications & Best Practices
Pg. 20
Plug-Load Controls
Test a variety of plug-load
reduction strategies:
• Energy savings
• User satisfaction
• Characterization survey of 30-50
office buildings for plug-load details
• Pilot plug-load reduction strategies in
8-12 offices against baseline
Pg. 21
How to use this feedback: *Study just started
• NOTE: TBD
• CONSIDER & APPLY: Specify new & most effective
plug-load reduction devices
• Implications for room adjacencies?
• TOOLS: List of most cost-effective products & product
characteristics
• Potential for future rebates?
ENVELOPE AEROSOL SEALING FOR
MULTIFAMILY UNITS
Research Collaboration Opportunities
Pg. 23
Envelope Aerosol Sealing
• Pressurize apartment unit
• Spray air sealing fog
• Sealant particles build up on gap edges
Pg. 24
Preliminary Results
• Air tightness result: 114 to 25
CFM50 total unit leakage
(8 units sealed)
• Averaged 0.45 ACH50
• 78% to 95% tighter than the
new code requirement of 3.0
ACH50
• 12-13 times tighter than Energy
Star requirement for multifamily
Pg. 25
Sealed Penetrations
Pg. 26
Big Impact Technology!
Proven Benefits
• Reduced mid and high range noise transfer
• Reduced odor transfer
• Improved comfort
• Simultaneous air leakage testing ensures results
• Expedited process, labor savings potential
Additional Concerns Being Tested
• Cost
• Not for large air leak gaps
• New construction or rehab only?
• Balanced ventilation is crucial
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How to use this feedback: *Research in progress
• NOTE: A potentially game changing technology for
multifamily and hotel buildings
• CONSIDER & APPLY: Specify aerosol sealing for
energy, sound, & odor benefits
• Project types most ripe for application (e.g. luxury condos)
• Implications for holistic design
• TOOLS: Specification language & training for
contractors in the field?
• Rebates?
ROOF TOP UNIT OPTIMIZATION
Future Utility Resources
Pg. 29
RTU Market
• 46% of all commercial space conditioned by RTU’s
• 2.7 billion ft2 of commercial retail floor space (CBECS 2003)
• Wide variety of applications
• Office
• Commercial
• Manufacturing
• Industrial
• Warehouse
• Retail
• Medical
Pg. 30
RTU’s are widely used
Source: Google maps
2050
Pg. 31
Goals of our study
• Evaluate available advanced RTU controls
• For efficiency
• For cost-effectiveness
• For large scale delivery for CIP offering
• Focus on issues & opportunities specifically for a
cold climate
• Collect & evaluate performance data
• Energy savings potential
Pg. 32
Findings: Electric Savings
OPPORTUNITY
FOR SAVINGS
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Findings: Natural Gas Savings
INCONCLUSIVE
Finding
Pg. 34
Optimizer Economics
Pg. 35
Key Findings
• All technologies achieved significant
electric savings
• Gas savings were negative or statistically insignificant
• Advanced controls did not achieve cost-effective
energy savings
• Larger units with more operation would improve cost
effectiveness
• Optimization packages are not “one size fits all”
• Market is rapidly expanding
• New innovation
• Product maturity
Pg. 36
How to use this feedback:
• NOTE: Rooftop units now have real optimization
opportunities in cold climates
• CONSIDER & APPLY: Consider building type &
recommend cost effective new or retrofit RTU controls
• TOOLS: There may be utility rebate opportunities in
the future
• Bring these financial resources to client’s attention
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Questions, Feedback &
Discussion
Megan Hoye | [email protected]