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American Life & Colonial Society to the Eve of the Revolution
AP Chapters 4 & 5
The Tobacco Economy
Indentured Servitude Working for “Freedom Dues”
A few barrels of corn New suit of clothes Small piece of land
Headright System Pay the passage of a
laborer & get 50 acres Wealthy amassed huge
landholdings Frustrated Freedmen
Land becomes scarcer Can’t find a wife
Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676 1,000 Freedmen… Put down an Indian
Revolt, torched Jamestown & chased Gov. William Berkeley out of town…
**Wealthy planters begin to fear large numbers of landless freedmen**
Colonial Slavery African coastal tribes
captured and sold slaves to merchants
More than 20% would die on the “Middle Passage”…
Harsh slave codes passed…
A few slaves eventually become slaveholders themselves…
Slave Culture Gullah
Goober Voodoo
Music & Dances Banjo Bongo Drums
The New England Family Life expectancy – 70 years… Women marry at 20 – have
babies about every 2 years…. Strong families, grandparents
take a role… Divorce extremely rare Education important
Towns with 50+… Old Deluder Satan Laws
Harvard, 1636
Half-Way Covenant Population grows but
church membership declines…
Half-Way Covenant admitted to baptism (but not communion) unconverted children of existing members
Weakens strict Puritan practices
“Praying Towns”
Salem Witch Trials 1692
New England Poor Soil, cold
climate …. Diversified agriculture
and industry… “Yankee Ingenuity”… “Puritan Work
Ethic”…
Colonial Growth 1700: 20 Englishmen
per colonist… 1775: 3 Englishmen
per colonist… Largest non-English
colonial group was African – 20% of the population in 1775
Germans (Deutsch) 6% of pop in 1775
Variety of Protestant sects (mostly Lutheran)…
Fled wars, religious oppression…
No loyalty to British
Scots-Irish: 7% of population in 1775
Predominantly Presbyterian…
“Pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic”…
Whiskey distilling frontiersmen…
Paxton Boys… Regulators in NC… No loyalty to British
12 future presidents..
Other Groups: 5% of population in 1775
French Huguenots Welsh Dutch Swedes Jews Irish Swiss No loyalty to British “Melting Pot”…
Religion in the Colonies Church of England (Anglican
Church) official in: GA, SC, NC, VA, parts of NY
Congregational Church (Puritanism) official in: All of New England except RI
Roman Catholics were discriminated against…
General feeling of Religious Toleration especially in Middle Colonies…
Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards Preached that
salvation could not be achieved by good works, only through God’s grace…
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
George Whitefield Electrifying Orator Appealed to emotions Countless sinners
would “holler” and express conversion at many revival meetings…
“Old Lights” Orthodox clergymen who
were skeptical of the emotionalism of the Great Awakening
“New Lights” Defended the Awakening
and the revitalizing of religion
Congregationalists… Began a steady decline…
Colonial Literature & the Press
BenjaminFranklin Poor Richard’s
Almanack Many famous
sayings: “A penny saved is a
penny earned” “Honesty is the best
policy”
Also a first rate scientist/inventor Electricity Bifocals Franklin Stove Lightening Rod
Zenger Trial Peter Zenger, NY
newspaper editor Critical of the Royal
Governor Defended by Alexander
Hamilton Found Not Guilty ***Establishes the
precedent of a free press
Comparing theColonies Charter Colonies
CT & RI
Proprietary Colonies MD, PA, & DE
Royal Colonies The remaining 8