American Police Officer

1

SUMMARY:

Junior Police Academy,

a leading provider of

police programming for

youth, is pleased to

announce the release of

“American Police

Officer”, a new course in

character education.

American Police Officer is a new course in character building from the Junior

Police Academy.

The program is an extension of the Junior Police Academy’s central philosophy:

To truly inspire good character, you have to put kids in the room with it!

Over the past twenty years, the Junior Police Academy has been doing just that

– proactively bringing young people and law enforcement professionals

together.

Bomb Squad, CSI, SWAT, Patrol Officer, FBI Special Agent – each is an

opportunity for young people to connect and learn from members of your own

community who hold a kind of advanced degree in good character.

The students examine how good character is put to the extreme test to meet the

challenges of public safety.

Taught by SROs or community police officers, American Police Officer

recognizes that police officers are uniquely qualified to inspire students.

Police officers hold an advanced degree in good character! They can’t hang it

on a wall, but they can put it into the classroom to inspire a new generation to

time honored values.

Styled after an actual police academy, the course explores the meaning and

consequences of good character as seen through the eyes of law enforcement

professionals – teaching students both the skills and the virtues needed to be

informed and productive citizens.

the Junior Police Academy’s

American Police Officer A C O U R S E I N C H A R A C T E R

http://americanpoliceofficer.org/

http://americanpoliceofficer.org/

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Motivational posters are a great way to start a conversation about courage, justice, integrity – but sooner or later young people need to see the trait exemplified in the real world or that poster will soon mock its original intentions.

In the absence of authenticity, teaching good character quickly becomes an exercise in

vocabulary building – not character building.

“American Police Officer” is a new course in character education from the Junior Police

Academy.

We replace those stock photography stand-ins with their real world counterparts.

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American Police Officer TABLE OF CONTENTS

How Course is Organized

4

Day One

6

Welcome 6In-Class Field Notes 8Homework Field Note 10

Good Character: An Inventory12

Justice Good Character & the Police Officer

14

Reliability Law Enforcement in the United States

16

DependabilityHighway Patrol

18

DiligencePolice Patrol

20

ZealK-9 Unit

22

StoutheartedMounted Patrol

24

ValorSWAT

26

DiscernmentCrime Scene Investigation

28

PersistenceTraffic Accident Investigation

30

DecisivenessBomb Squad

32

IntegrityFederal Bureau of Investigation

34

CourageU.S. Secret Service

36

ResourcefulnessUS Coast Guard

38

GritU.S. Marshals Service

40

CooperationCrime Prevention Officer

42

What we could not print, awaits you online!

JuniorPoliceAcademy.org/ideas

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How Course is OrganizedI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

All media referenced in this course is

available at:


1 download 2 project

Additionally you can access some

multi-media content directly from

printed page using a mobile device and

scan code App.

Look for scan code

boxes on this side of

page.

LEFT HAND PAGEcontains material for the Instructor.

Opening Statements

“Much of the content is written in the voice of the instructor and should be read in-class.”

Discussion Questions

Downloadable Online Resources

How to Teach a LessonThe following is offered as a consistent structure that will furnish the content with an overall

theme.

Part 1: IntroduceGOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY

Each lesson is centered around a single good character trait referred to as the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY (printed in red at the top of each Overview).

Write the trait on the blackboard. This word will frame the content to follow.

Part 2: Content INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW & STUDENT HANDOUT

The Instructor Overview provides general instructions for conducting the class, notes to narrate

presentations, questions to engage classroom discussion and story prompts suggesting ways to

include your own experience.

A Student Handout is provided for each lesson. As you move through its content, encourage

students to think critically about how the character trait written on the board impacts the

material.

Part 3: ReviewConclusion & Homework Assignment

End where you began with the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY. The objective is to

furnish young people with greater insight into how good character is the foundation of successful

law enforcement – as well as their own lives.

Before the end of each class, assign homework. Details on page 10.

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How Course is Organized S T U D E N T H A N D O U T

RIGHT HAND PAGEcontains material for the student.

Handout Masters (for duplication)

Online Resources

6

Suggestion for starting class with dramatic impact: Ask class to discuss what they

think would happen if tomorrow there were no police in your community.

Show the video “Police, Who Needs Them?”.

(Booklet and Powerpoint also available)

Complete Library of Downloadable

DIgital Content is available at


Welcome students.

“American Police Officer” is a course for building good character from the Junior

Police Academy.

Today you are cadets in a special academy. You will learn not only about the law

enforcement profession, you will also learn about good character. You will learn

why these are essential to a police officer and why our country requires it of you,

its’ citizens.

Post EXTREME CHARACTER REQUIRED Poster.

Discuss Good Character Traits

Traits are distinguishing qualities of a person, while

character is the sum total of these traits.

Character develops over time. However, we do not know exactly how much or how

early character develops.

But, it is safe to claim that character does not change quickly. A person's

observable behavior is an indication of her character.

Start a list on the board. Have cadets call out examples of character good and bad.

There could be many lists of character traits or character qualities.

Review Handout

Before end of class, distribute FIELD NOTES and explain.

(Details on following pages 8 – 11.)

WHAT TO SAY ON DAY ONE

Junior Police Academy has produced

several publications and videos that will help

you kick the program off on Day One. They

are available at


Welcome students.


Police Academy.




its’ citizens.











Review Handout



Welcome students.


Police Academy.




its’ citizens.











Review Handout



Day OneI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

http://vimeo.com/policeusa/review/32062023/be684607f1

http://vimeo.com/policeusa/review/32062023/be684607f1

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W E L C O M E“American Police Officer” is a new

course in character building from the

Junior Police Academy.

You will be learning about good

character in a way that is unique. Few

students have the opportunity that

stands before you today – to enrich

your understanding of good character

through the eyes of an America Police

Officer!

Each lesson provides

students with

information and

insights not commonly

taught in middle school. In fact, each

lesson can be thought of as a pair of 3-

D glasses enabling young people to see

and identify real examples of good

character within their own community.

THE FOUNDATION

The foundation of policing has always

been good character.

Its finest practitioners hold a kind of

advanced degree in good character.

Public safety officers who adhere to the

high ethical standards of their

profession not only define good

character, they embody it.

THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS:

The following Law Enforcement Oath of Honor is recommended as by the

International Association of Chiefs of Police as symbolic statement of

commitment to ethical behavior:

On my honor,I will never betray my badge,my integrity, my character,

or the public trust.I will always have

the courage to hold myselfand others accountable for our actions.

I will always uphold the constitution,my community, and the agency I serve.

WHAT VIRTUES ARE HIDDEN IN THE OATH?:Discuss what the oath means and take special note of the virtues required of

each.

Honor means that one's word is given as a guarantee.Betray is defined as breaking faith with the public trust.Badge is the symbol of your office.

Integrity is being the same person in both private and public life.

Character means the qualities that distinguish an individual.

Public trust is a charge of duty imposed in faith toward those you serve.

Courage is having the strength to withstand unethical pressure, fear or danger.

Accountability means that you are answerable and responsible to your oath of office.

Community means the citizens served. A law enforcement officer’s fundamental duty is to serve humankind; to safeguard lives and property; to protect the innocent against deception, the weak against oppression or intimidation, and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional rights of all people to liberty, equality, and justice.

Day OneS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

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IN-CLASS STUDENT F IELD NOTES Distribute one to each student & explain:

(Masters for Duplication are provided across the page.)

Please review the form in front of you. Each of you must

keep a complete set of IN-CLASS STUDENT FIELD NOTES. One

for each lesson.

At the start of each class, I will distribute blank IN-CLASS STUDENT FIELD NOTES to each student.

Background regarding field notes:

Wikipedia Definition: A police notebook, or PNB is a notebook

used by police officers to officially record

details and incidents while on patrol.

Precision and attention to detail is essential

to be a good police officer. Student’s notes

should reflect the same attention to detail

that is required in police report writing.

Each of you will use this form for taking

notes in class.

Review each box on the form, the most important of which is the GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY.

Each lesson is centered around one word – the GOOD

CHARACTER TRAIT OF THE DAY. This trait will be revealed

to you at the beginning of each lesson when I write the trait

on the blackboard.

Evaluation

Field Notes may be collected for instructor evaluation at

anytime to ensure that students are keeping their notebook

up to date! The notebook will be graded and will be a

percentage of the cadet’s final grade. Notebooks will serve

as a resource for the students to review before a quiz or

test.


Here’s a chart of each Lesson’s corresponding Good Character Traits of the Day (in red).

Here’s a chart of each Lesson’s corresponding Good Character Traits of the Day (in red).

Good Character: An InventoryNo single trait today

Good Character & the Police Officer Justice: Taking personal responsibility to uphold what is right, and true.

Law Enforcement in the United States Reliability: Consistent performance upon which you can depend or trust.

Highway PatrolDependability: Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

Police Patrol Diligence: Being persistent, refusing to stop despite failures, delays and difficulties.

K-9 UnitZeal: A feeling of strong eagerness. Tireless devotion.

Mounted PatrolStouthearted: A quality of spirit that enables one to endure adversity with courage.

SWATValor: Courage to take action in support of one's convictions.

Crime Scene InvestigationDiscernment: Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen.

Traffic Accident Investigation Persistence: Continuing in spite of interference, discomfort, or other hindrances that may block the way.

Bomb Squad Decisiveness: The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.

Federal Bureau of Investigation Integrity: Live out my values in all areas of my life so other can rely upon and trust me.

U.S. Secret Service Courage: The quality of mind that enables us to risk what we value for a higher purpose

US Coast Guard Resourcefulness: The ability to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations

U.S. Marshals Service Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite adversity.

Crime Prevention Officer Cooperation: Undertaking a noble cause in association with others who are share your goal.

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M A S T E R

IN-CLASS

STUDENT FIELD NOTESDATE

STUDENT NAME

GOOD CHARACTER TRAIT of the DAY

Law Enforcement Agency or topic of lesson.

Based on today’s lesson, why is “Trait of Day” vital to public safety.

Other good character traits vital to today’s subject. Explain.

Name of Guest Speaker (if any)

Without good character, how might

this function of public safety

breakdown.

Quotable

Pick a single statement that

summarizes today’s lesson.

“ ”

NotesNotes

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E X P L A I N H O M E W O R K

Next we will review homework.

Homework will be assigned at the end of each class and is

due at the beginning of the following class period.

Distribute one blank STUDENT FIELD NOTES

Homework form to each student. (Masters for

Duplication are provided across the page.)

At the end of each class, I will distribute these forms and

assign to you a new KEYWORD which you must write in the

box at the top of the form before leaving the classroom.

Generally speaking, this KEYWORD will be the subject of

our upcoming class.

Your task will be to do some research on the subject so

that you are better prepared to tackle the content in the

classroom. You will need to use a computer to complete

each assignment, so plan accordingly.

A complete list of lessons and their KEYWORDS is

provided on this page.

Here’s a Chart of Lessons & Keywords.

Lessons (in bold) are the names of upcoming classes.Keywords (in blue) are the cornerstone of each homework

assignment and are generally the name of the law enforcement

agency (FBI) or public safety function (K-9) that will be covered in

the next lesson. Instructors assign keywords at the end of class.

Here’s a Chart of Lessons & Keywords.

Lessons (in bold) are the names of upcoming classes.Keywords (in blue) are the cornerstone of each homework

assignment and are generally the name of the law enforcement

agency (FBI) or public safety function (K-9) that will be covered in

the next lesson. Instructors assign keywords at the end of class.

Good Character: An Inventory

Good Character & the Police Officer

Law Enforcement in the United States

Highway Patrol

Police Patrol

K-9 Unit

Mounted Patrol

SWAT

Crime Scene Investigation

Traffic Accident Investigation

Bomb Squad

Federal Bureau of Investigation

U.S. Secret Service

US Coast Guard

U.S. Marshals Service

Crime Prevention Officer

None Today

Police Officer

Law Enforcement

Highway Patrol

Police Patrol

K-9

Mounted Patrol

SWAT

CSI

Traffic Accident Investigation

Bomb Squad

FBI

Secret Service

Coast Guard

Marshals Service

Crime Prevention Officer

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HOMEWORK

STUDENT FIELD NOTESDUE DATE

STUDENT NAME

KEYWORD

Instructor will assign a keyword.Instructor will assign a keyword.

WIKI DEFINITION

Visit Wikipedia.org and define

your keyword.

MAP KEYWORD!

(Pinpoint nearest example of

keyword in your community)

What did you find? Where is it? (Address or name building)

TOP TRAIT

List Character trait you think

relevant to keyword.

Briefly defend your answer.

WORST CASE SCENARIO

Without good character, how

might functions of Keyword

breakdown.

FACTS WORTH REPEATING

(Provide the latest stats or news

regarding keyword.)

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Instructor: Welcome students. In this class, you will come to think of good character as a source of strength that will define your life.

But let's be clear – what do we mean by good character? Let’s make some distinctions:

• Traits are distinguishing qualities of a person, while character is the sum total of

these traits.

• Character develops over time. However, we do not know exactly how much or how


• It is safe to say that character does not change quickly.

• A person's observable behavior is an indication of her character, but that is all.

Review Student handout:Good Character: An Inventory

Traits of Special MeritA person of good character demonstrates these traits in his or her actions and behaviors.

Trustworthiness:If you are trustworthy, you are honest, loyal, and reliable—you do what you say you’ll do. You have the courage to do the right thing, and you don’t deceive, cheat or steal.

Respect:Showing respect means being considerate of others and tolerant of differences. It also means using good manners. You make decisions that show you respect your health and the health of others. You treat people and property with care.

Responsibility:Being responsible means using self-control—you think before you act and consider the consequences. You are accountable for your choices and decisions—you don’t blame others for your actions. Responsible people try to do their best, and they persevere even when things don’t go as planned.

Fairness:If you are fair, you play by the rules, take turns, and share. You are open-minded, and you listen to others. You don’t take advantage of others, and you don’t assign blame to others.

Caring:A caring person is kind and compassionate. When you care about others,you express gratitude, you are forgiving, and you help people in need.

Citizenship:Citizenship is today’s good character trait. Emphasize how all the traits reviewed have the potential to be either self serving or used in service to better communities

Ask students what it means to be a good neighbor. Have them consider ways they can put their talents to good use as a citizen. Ask why the other traits can strengthen their commitment to citizenship.

Good Character: An InventoryI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Discuss ways students can improve their character

Positive character traits can be developed. There is a simple, three step process to integrate a new positive trait into your life.

Step 1. OBSERVENotice what you want to change.

Do you tend to judge others? Do you let greed rule your spending decisions? Are you easily angered?

Take the time to observe how you think and behave with the goal of becoming better.

Step 2. CHOOSE ONEChoose one positive character trait to focus on developing.

Step 3. AWARENESSBecome aware of your actions and choices as you move throughout your day.

If you notice that you are slipping back into old habits, ask yourself, what would someone who is _______ (insert the trait your focusing on) do in this situation? Then act accordingly.

For more information, visit characterfirst.com.

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Below are the character traits that make up a person’s character.

✓Put a check next the those you think are most essential building character.

★Put a star beside those traits you think you possess.

• Underline those you think are lacking in your character.

Good Character: An InventoryS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Alertness – Being aware of what is taking place around me so I can have the right responses.

Attentiveness – Showing the worth of a person or task by giving my undivided concentration.

Benevolence – Giving to others basic needs without having as my motive personal reward.

Boldness – Confidence that what I have to say or do is true, right, and just.

Cautiousness – Knowing how important right timing is in accomplishing right actions.

Compassion – Investing whatever is necessary to heal the hurts of others.

Citizenship —For our government to be most effective– you must be involved.

Caring — To place high value on the well-being of others.

Courage — Meeting danger, pain, or difficulty despite fear.

Courtesy — Value others by treating them with respect.

Creativity – Approaching a need, a task, or an idea from a new perspective.

Decisiveness – The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.

Dependability – Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

Determination – Diligence to accomplish right goals at the right time, regardless of the opposition.

Dignity — Protect and defend the esteem of others.

Diligence – Investing my time and energy to complete each task assigned to me.

Discernment – Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen.

Discretion – Recognizing and avoiding words, actions, and attitudes that could bring undesirable consequences.

Endurance – The inward strength to withstand stress and do my best.

Justice – Taking personal responsibility to uphold what is pure, right, and true.

Kindness — Desire to help others without any evident promise of reward.

Helpfulness — A kind and helpful nature is the sign of a true friend.

Heroic — Real heroes have the courage to help regardless of recognition.

Honor – Respecting others because of their worth as human beings

Integrity – Steadfast adherence to ethical principles

Loyalty – Using difficult times to demonstrate my commitment to those things I value.

Patience – Accepting a difficult situation without giving a deadline to remove it.

Persuasiveness – Guiding vital truths around another’s mental roadblocks.

Punctuality – Showing esteem for others by doing the right thing at the right time.

Resourcefulness – Finding practical uses for that which others would overlook or discard.

Responsibility – Knowing and doing what is expected of me.

Security – Structuring my life around that which cannot be destroyed or taken away.

Self-Control – Rejecting wrong desires and doing what is right.

Sensitivity – Perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of those around me.

Sincerity – Eagerness to do what is right with transparent motives.

TenacityThe acquired habit of expending considerable energy in the steady pursuit of some goal, diligence is required wherever excellence is sought.

Thoroughness – Knowing what factors will diminish the effectiveness of my work or words if neglected.

Tolerance — Be patient with those who do not share your opinions or ways.

Truthfulness – Earning future trust by accurately reporting past facts.

Virtue – The moral excellence evident in my life as I consistently do what is right.

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Distribute and discuss student handout:

Review “What police do” list, followed by a discussion

of “How they do it”.

Make a distinction between what police do (functions

and duties) and how they do it (good character being

predominant factor).

Read below from police officer’s oath as written by the

International Association of Chiefs of Police

"A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in

the position and exercise it within the law. The principles of

reasonableness will guide the officer's determinations and

the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances in

determining whether any legal action shall be taken."

Ask students about the importance of discretion.

Suggest:

The police simply cannot enforce all of the laws all of the

time. Aside from the inability to do so, police must have

reasonable discretion to resolve the myriad human

problems and conflicts that confront them.

In law enforcement, police officers are often confronted by

situations not covered in the police academy. In many

situations officers have to balance enforcement of laws with

preservation of life. There are sometimes no easy choices.

Ask the students to think of situations a police officer

must face in which there is no clear legal guidance as

to how to proceed.

These situations demand good character.

Police officers too are confronted with ethical

situations. This is when they draw on extraordinary

powers that are well within the reach of every student

here. Master these powers and you can tackle most

any situation.

Review:

“Life is Not Fair, But I Am”

Have student read aloud:

The Art of Policing: A Message from 1930

Discuss its timeless wisdom and relevance to policing and citizenship today.

Good Character & the Police OfficerI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait: Justice: Fair. impartial. giving a deserved response. The courage to stand for the truth, against any odds.

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Good Character & the Police OfficerS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

What police do:• Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding

to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations.

• Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities.

• Monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious persons and situations, safety hazards, and unusual or illegal activity in patrol area.

• Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts.

• Patrol specific areas on foot, horseback, or motorized conveyance, responding promptly to calls for assistance.

• Review facts of incidents to determine if criminal acts or statute violations were involved.

• Render aid to accident victims and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries.

• Investigate traffic accidents and other accidents to determine causes and to determine if a crime has been committed.

• Testify in court to present evidence or act as witness in traffic and criminal cases.

• Photograph or draw diagrams of crime or accident scenes and interview principals and eyewitnesses.

How they do it.• Work in full transparency and accountability• Act without consideration of personal interest• Demonstrate impartiality and neutrality in decision making• Do not abuse power or authority• Take prompt action in cases of unprofessional or unethical

behavior.

“Life is Not Fair, But I Am”

Life is not fair, but a police officer must be. That is what is

expected.

Discuss the expectations below. How hard is it to adopt each

in your personal life?

Fair Access

The police, as a social resource, must provide fair and open

access to all services. No particular person or group can

benefit from favoritism, and no particular person or group

can be neglected.

Public Trust

Over time, citizens have given up the right to enforce their

rights, and now trust the police to do that for them. That

public trust, symbolized by the badge of office, must be honored in the conduct of police business.

For example, the public trusts police to exercise reasonable

restraint in the use of force, that police officers will not use

the badge of office to obtain personal gain, and that the

police will be accountable to the people.

Objectivity

The police must be neutral, disinterested parties in their

interactions with members of the public. Officers may not

agree with the lifestyles or actions of people with whom they

interact, and they may disagree with laws enacted by

governing bodies.

However, they must set aside bias and personal feelings and

objectively make decisions based upon the situation and the

law.

The Art of Policing: A Message from 1930

The duties and responsibilities of law enforcement officers require that they maintain high standards of conduct. In his 1930 preface to The Policeman's Manual (1), George Chandler, the first Superintendent of the New York State Police wrote:

Police is one of the most important developments of civilization. The detection and prevention of crime is not an exact science. It is an art. A policeman is only a citizen who has chosen to be the servant of the public, one having no more and no less rights than any other citizen. The more intelligent he is, and the more he knows of police work, the less will he be an autocrat.

He will realize his limitations, will know that a democracy is only as strong as its majority, and that in our country government is with and by the consent of the governed. He will realize that he must work along prescribed lines, that he can not be used by any persons or organizations to coerce a citizen, or to settle personal grievances, or enforce private ideas of morality, but should give the maximum of protection with the minimum interference with the lawful rights of a citizen.

Penology, or the art of punishment, is not for the policeman. He must not be interested in what happens to a prisoner after the prisoner is brought to justice and has received his sentence. This is not his affair. Whether 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth' is right or wrong is not for a police office to decide.

His work must be of such a high character that all who come in contact with him must realize that he is a trained officer having as his ideal the fact that obedience to law is liberty.

16

Instructor: Law enforcement in

the United States, vast and

sometimes confusing, is the most

complex organization of police

departments and agencies in the

world.

In this lesson we will try and make

sense of law enforcement in the

United States.

Consider this....

Let's pretend for a moment that you

have been put in charge of Earth and

that this is the first time you have

seen our planet.

From space, the Earth appears to be

an oasis of calm and tranquility.

But as Earth's future leaders, you need to understand that Earth

only appears tranquil from space.

To really understand what you have inherited, you must come

down to Earth. You will see a world that is beautiful, yet

complicated and dangerous.

Remember, you are now in charge. And as you are enlightened

leaders, you are committed to freedom and justice for all people.

You also wish to provide for the relative safety of Earth’s

inhabitants.

You have some challenges ahead.

Many free individuals do not respect the rights of others.

They cheat, steal, act recklessly and prey on others. They exploit,

abuse, subjugate and kill others out of greed, passion, prejudice,

malice and madness.

Others target the Earth itself. They willfully or negligently

contaminate our resources.

It's not only people who are dangerous, nature too has the power

to kill and devastate lives. While Earth provides an environment

where people can live — it has the

capacity for horrific violence.

Nature turns deadly in the form of

hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms and

devastating fire. Boats capsize, people

become stranded and fight to survive.

You are in charge — starting now.

Everything that can go wrong, does.

Homicides, burglaries, assaults, cars

crashing into one another, wild animals

attack, people go missing.

In short, a day like any other here on

planet Earth.

You’re in stitches. What will you do?

Wait! You just remembered, for every

crime or crisis “there’s a patch for that! ”

Welcome to the world of American law enforcement.

Spread out across the country, these are the people who are a

lifeline to those peril and answer the call of

justice.

Behind all the acronyms, heavy equipment and

cutting edge technology, public safety ultimately

is about people helping people.

This program is about understanding how law

enforcement meets challenges of a dangerous

world.

Because ultimately, the challenge will be yours.

Now review Student Handout

Law Enforcement in the United StatesI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

The following narrative should be read in

conjunction with “There’s Patch for That”

Publication and/or video: “A Dangerous World”.

Together they reinforce the idea that in a

complicated world, a complex mix of public safety

organizations are needed.

Download at


Today’s Trait: Reliability: Consistent performance upon which you can depend or trust.

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So, what’s with all the patches?

Types of Sworn Law Enforcement Careers

Sworn law enforcement officers are those who have

taken an oath to support the constitution of the United

States, their state, and the laws of their agency’s

jurisdiction.

Sworn officers also have the authority to make arrests and carry firearms.

Uniformed police officers have general law enforcement duties, including maintaining regular patrols and responding to calls for service. Much of their time is spent responding to calls and doing paperwork.

They may direct traffic at the scene of an accident, investigate a burglary, or give first aid to an accident victim. In large police departments, officers usually are assigned to a specific type of duty.

Sheriffs and deputy sheriffs enforce the law on the county level. Sheriffs are usually elected to their posts and perform duties similar to those of a local or county police chief. Deputy sheriffs often have law enforcement duties similar to those of officers in police departments.

State police officers, sometimes called state troopers or highway patrol officers, arrest criminals and patrol highways to enforce motor vehicle laws and regulations. State police officers often issue traffic citations to motorists. State law enforcement agencies operate in every state except Hawaii. Specialized assignments are available after at least two years of regular patrol duties. Officers can specialize in a particular field, such as training and firearms instruction, or handwriting and fingerprint identification.

Others work with special units, such as horseback, bicycle, motorcycle, or harbor patrol; canine corps; special weapons and tactics (SWAT); or emergency response teams.

The Federal Government works in many areas of law enforcement.

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents are the government’s principal investigators, responsible for investigating violations of more than 200 categories of federal law and conducting sensitive national security investigations.

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents enforce laws and regulations relating to illegal drugs.

U.S. marshals and deputy marshals protect the federal courts and ensure the effective operation of the judicial system.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives agents enforce and investigate violations of federal firearms and explosives laws, as well as federal alcohol and tobacco tax regulations. The U.S. Department of State

The Department of Homeland Security also employs numerous law enforcement officers within several different agencies, including Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the U.S. Secret Service.

U.S. Border Patrol agents protect more than 8,000 miles of international land and water boundaries. Immigration inspectors interview and examine people seeking entrance to the United States and its territories.

Customs inspectors enforce laws governing imports and exports by inspecting cargo, baggage, and articles worn or carried by people, vessels, vehicles, trains, and aircraft entering or leaving the United States.

Law Enforcement in the United StatesS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

18

Highway PatrolI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

State police officers (sometimes called state troopers or highway patrol officers) arrest criminals statewide and patrol

highways to enforce motor vehicle laws and regulations.

Each state in the United States except Hawaii has a

state police department, called the State Police, State

Patrol or Highway Patrol, depending on the state.

Often, these departments focus on enforcing the law

in places where municipal police departments don’t

exist, such as isolated rural areas and highways.

Uniformed officers are best known for issuing traffic

citations to motorists who violate the law. At the

scene of accidents, they may direct traffic, give first

aid, and call for emergency equipment.

They also write reports used to determine the cause

of the accident. State police officers are frequently

called upon to render assistance to other law

enforcement agencies, especially those in rural areas

or small towns.

Each state is different, though. In heavily rural states

like Alaska, the State Troopers do a lot of regional

policing, investigating crimes such as assault and

burglary. In South Dakota, a state known for its

recreational areas, that state police department’s

jurisdiction is primarily game and fishing law.

Since each state is different, it means that you could

get a speeding ticket from a state trooper in Utah,

arrested by an Alaska state trooper for robbing

someone and written up for fishing off-season in

South Dakota. It all depends on the state’s particular

needs and jurisdictions.

Anything with Wheels

Vehicles, large and small, consume a large

percentage of a law enforcer’s time on duty. State

troopers are required to:

★*Enforce traffic and parking laws and ordinances

★*Investigate traffic accidents

★*Check vehicles for proper registration

★*Request emergency assistance for accidents

★*Identify owners of vehicles involved in accidents

★*Control, regulate, and direct traffic, vehicular and

pedestrian

★*Locate witnesses to accidents

★*Direct traffic using barriers, flares, and hand

signals

★*Administer roadside sobriety tests

★*Follow suspicious vehicles

★*Operate breathalyzer test apparatus

★*Remove hazards from roadway

★*Arrange for obtaining blood or urine samples for

sobriety tests

★*Collect physical evidence from accident scenes

★*Aid the injured

★*Assist stranded motorists

★*Measure skid marks

★*Issue parking citations

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following

page.

Today’s Trait:Dependability: Fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.

19

Highway PatrolS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Duties of highway patrols or traffic police may include the following:

Accident investigation: Gathering evidence to determine the cause of a roadway accident.

Commercial vehicle enforcement: Enforcing highway laws related to commercial transport, including weight limits and hazardous materials rules.

Education: Providing public information, handouts, and displays to encourage safe driving and usage of the roads.

Emergency response: Securing the scene of a traffic accident by using cones and flares as well as providing first aid to the injured.

Law enforcement: Assisting local police in rural areas, and keeping an eye out for non-traffic violations.

Maintenance: Observing and reporting damage to the roadways, and conducting road surveys after disasters or the passage of inclement weather.

Traffic enforcement: Enforcing laws and regulations intended to improve traffic safety, such as speed limits.

TRAFFIC LAWSA state trooper most often enforces traffic laws. The following are among the most commonly broken traffic laws. (Laws may vary slightly from state to state.) Review and discuss.

Consumption or Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle

No person may operate a motor vehicle in a public place while consuming an alcoholic beverage. Penalties - Class C Misdemeanor: $500 fine.

Driving Without InsuranceA person is guilty of Driving without Insurance who operates a

motor vehicle without a motor vehicle liability insurance policy in effect. Penalties - Misdemeanor: Up to $500 in fines.Up to 6 months in jail.

Failure to Observe Traffic SignalsNo driver may fail to comply with a traffic signal or fail to stop at a stop sign at the stop line, crosswalk or place where that person has a view of approaching traffic.Penalties - Misdemeanor: $1 to $200 in fines.

Drunk DrivingA person is guilty of drunk driving who operates a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated and (1) who does not have normal use of mental or physical facilities due to alcohol or drugs or (2) who has an alcohol concentration of .08 or more.

TRAFFIC LAWS THAT GET NO RESPECT

Yield to Emergency VehiclesThis is one of the most violated laws. When an emergency vehicle with its lights flashing and siren sounding approaches, you must pull over to the side of the road and stop. This gives the emergency vehicle a clear path.

Do Not Cross the Median or Private PropertyIt is illegal to drive across ANY median. Jumping the median to get on the frontage road when traffic is congested on the freeway is not only illegal and dangerous, it's arrogant. You're no more important

than anyone else stuck on the highway.

Common, but Unacceptable, Excuses when Fighting a Traffic Violation

*The driver claims they were honestly mistaken about the law. For example, if a driver tells the judge that they honestly thought it was okay to just slow down instead of stopping at a blinking red light, his reply is almost sure to be, "Sorry, ignorance of the law is no excuse."

*The driver argues that their violation didn't harm anybody. Again, sorry, everyone is legally required to stop at a red light even if it's 3:00 a.m. and no other vehicle is moving within two miles.

20

Introduction to Patrol

Patrol is the first line of defense against crime. Why?

• It puts you where the people are. • It promotes contact with citizens so they get to know their

police officer. • Allows for officers to be nearby when a cry for help comes

in to the dispatcher.

Patrol officers may even stumble upon a crime or hazardous situation that requires immediate attention, such as a street sign twisted so it miss-identifies the cross street, the traffic signal that isn't working, the pothole left by last night's rain, the broken tree limb that brought down a live electric line, or a gas leak that could explode when someone lights a cigarette.

The first assignment you will receive as a new officer will probably be patrol.

Your job will be to poke your nose into places the public would pass by with little notice. It may sound like it’s not much fun, but when approached with the right attitude, patrol is one of the more interesting aspects of police work.

Patrol accounts for the biggest portion of police work in most police agencies. The terms “patrolling” and ”on patrol” generally refer to what officers do while not handling calls for service—officers do this mostly in patrol cars, but sometimes on foot, on bicycles, on horseback, or the like.

While on patrol, officers may:

• Look for traffic violations• suspicious behavior• disorder• unsafe conditions.

They may also look for opportunities to interact with the public in casual or more formal situations.

History of PatrolBefore cars and radios, police response to emergencies and other crises was more like the fire department model – from the station.

Officers on patrol were out on the streets watching, but they were not in continuous communication with headquarters.

two technologies changed

everything: the automobile and the

two-way radio.

The impact of these two basic technologies was enormous.

Automobiles dramatically affected police patrol in the twentieth century. As more and more of the public got into cars, so did the police. Motorized police patrol was deemed necessary to pursue motorized criminals and to enforce traffic laws. Motorized patrol also came to be seen as more efficient than foot patrol, since a larger area could be watched by police in cars.

Then, the addition of the two-way radio made it possible for personnel at police headquarters to contact patrol officers in the field and dispatch them to respond to citizen requests for assistance.

“Somebody Call the Police!”As the twentieth century progressed, police patrol became more and more dependent on the car and the radio. The public learned to call the police whenever crime or disorder was suspected, and calls for police assistance increased steadily.

One or Two?A major issue in the 1970s was one-officer versus two-officer patrol cars. The conventional wisdom at the time was that two patrol officers per car were more effective because of the value of two sets of eyes watching and two sets of hands if something happened. Also, it was assumed that two officers in a patrol car were safer than one officer alone.

Research found, though, that one-officer cars were as safe and as productive as two-officer cars. To this day, many officers still prefer two-officer patrol cars for the companionship and perceived safety advantages that they offer, but modern practice relies mainly on one-officer cars in the vast majority of agencies.

Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Police PatrolI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Diligence: Being persistent, refusing to stop despite failures, delays and difficulties.

21

Police PatrolS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Patrol remains the backbone of police operations. It consumes most of the resources of police agencies. On patrol, a police officer makes regular circuits or passes through a specific area called a beat.

Patrol has three parts: 1. answering calls2. maintaining a police presence to deter crime3. probing suspicious circumstances

Types of PatrolThe kinds of police patrol include foot patrol, horse or mounted patrol, scooter or motorcycle patrol, patrol car, canine patrol, bicycle patrol, marine patrol and air patrol, both plane and helicopter.

Foot vs. VehicleOfficers sometimes patrol on foot but usually ride in cars. The main advantage of car patrol over foot patrol is increased efficiency of coverage.

A disadvantage of car patrol is that it reduces police contacts with citizens. Studies of foot patrol indicate that these patrols are costly and do not reduce crime. They do, however, make citizens less fearful of crime and improve citizen attitudes toward the police.

What Are the Benefits of Police Car Patrols?Many communities use random police car patrols throughout neighborhoods. There are a variety of benefits associated with police car patrols, positive aspects that have expanded the use of this practice across the United States.

Neighborhood SafetyA benefit of police car patrols is heightened neighborhood safety.

Fast ResponsePolice car patrols throughout a community ensures more rapid response to a crime scene.

Community ConnectionsNeighborhoods that enjoy police car patrols have residents with a close connection to law enforcement and vice versa.

Lower Crime Rate

Communities that utilize police car patrols generally have a proportionally lower crime rate than those cities and towns that do not use such a process.

Two WheelsMotorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to access, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where the motorcycle policeman can quickly clear a path for the escorted vehicle.

Bicycle patrols are used in some areas because they allow for more open interaction with the public. In addition, their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot.

SegwayToday more than 1,200 police departments and public safety organizations across the globe use the Segway Personal Transporter (PT) to monitor all sorts of environments. It’s a tool that many law enforcement and private security agencies have added to their arsenal to improve visibility, mobility, community policing programs and reduce costs.

Discuss...Discuss the character traits required for remaining vigilant on patrol. Why is patrol a task that requires tenacity?In what cases does it require courage?

Check out “IMAGES ON PATROL”

Visit our student publications at


22

Instructor:Dogs play a crucial role in many law enforcement activities, most of which revolve around their most valuable tool: their noses. A dog's sense of smell is said to be thousands of times more powerful than that of humans. While a human has about 5 million smell receptors in its nose, a dog has more than 220 million!

Because of this keen sense of smell, dogs are able to locate everything from dead bodies to disaster survivors as evidenced after the recent spate of deadly tornadoes that ripped through the midwest.

Dogs can sniff out all sorts of things in all sorts of places: survivors in the rubble of an earthquake; drugs hidden in a suitcase at the airport; bombs in cars or packages; bodies buried deep in forests; and guns in closets.

Working with police dogs can be very sad. One man who worked with rescue dogs after an avalanche explained that, “after spending about 8 hours going through an avalanche area, we were all exhausted, but a couple of the dogs were still trying to find anybody they could.

Once we had accounted for everybody, a couple trainers asked some of us to partly bury ourselves so that the dogs could end their day finding a live body. The dog that found me was ecstatic that it had finally found somebody to save.”

K-9 Units are a valuable part of many police departments. Dogs perform law enforcement duties that are beyond the physical capabilities of human beings.

THE CANINE HISTORY

The training of dogs for police work was originally developed in Ghent, Belgium (as early as 1859) and was soon being used elsewhere throughout the European continent.

Breeds with especially keen senses are used for special purposes, such as detecting caches of illegal drugs or for tracking fugitives and missing persons. The most widely trained dogs for patrol work are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, Airedale Terriers, Rottweilers, Giant Schnauzers, and Bloodhounds.

WHY K-9 UNITS ARE NECESSARY?K-9 Units can be very effective in any community, but the choice to create one is based upon the departments workload, crime statistics and size.

DeterrencePatrolling in a well-marked K-9 vehicle is an extremely effective tool for deterring crime. The psychological advantage of having a K-9 team patrolling an area is deemed to be tremendous.

IT'S ALL IN THE NOSETracking is a prime function of the working police dog. Tracking suspects from burglaries, stolen cars, and robberies, or tracking lost children or adults are functions that, in the majority of conditions, a human cannot possibly duplicate.

Again, it comes down to the fact that the K-9's sense of smell is many times greater than the human's. A dog is capable of smelling the odor of a human being from hundreds of yards away when the odor is carried by the slightest breeze. At least 97% of the work that the K-9 does is with its nose.

DRAWBACKSA small department does not want an officer seeing his/her position as a K-9 handler as an excuse to ignore regular police duties. All too often this has been one of the main reasons for disbanding a K-9 Unit. The handler should be ready to accept all duties of the regular patrol force, in addition to the extra work and risk of being a K-9 handler.


K-9 UnitI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Thank your guest speaker from the K-9 Unit.

Print out K-9 thank you card at

www.juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/

Today’s Trait:Zeal: A feeling of strong eagerness. Tireless devotion.

http://minus.com/l9xkGFVrDGWut




23

There are specific questions a police department should consider before you and your K-9 partner go on patrol.

Unfortunately, K-9 handlers have often learned the answers to these questions unexpectedly with embarrassing or even tragic results.

1. Can I fire my weapon next to him?2. Can my back up fire his weapon near the K-9 team?3. Can I recall my dog during a stressful event?4. Can he defend himself alone for more than (5) minutes of fight?5. Will he search anywhere in a building, including dark rooms, stairs, crawl spaces, and basements?6. How will he react to gunfire in a building?7. Will he exit the cruiser to come aid me during a fight?8. What happens if I go to the ground first during a fight?9. Will he alert or apprehend a passive subject?10. Can I trust my dog at demonstrations?11. Do I have to hold him, while doing tactical maneuvers, and will this affect my ability to shoot during a hot situation?12. What happens when the suspects goes passive after a fight, will my dog stay with the suspect or leave?13. Can I move with a bunch of officers tactically and safely?14. What if my dog finds food along the track or in a building?15. Will he stay down and quiet for more than twenty minutes?16. Will he jump a chain link fence after a suspect, or allow me to carry him over obstacles and up stairs?17. Is there someone else that can handle my partner if need be?

EXTRA CREDIT HOMEWORK

Consider your own dog or a friend's -- how would they react in the situations listed above?What temperament would be required for a dog to work well in law enforcement?

1. Define “working dog”.2. Where was the training of dogs for police departments first developed?3. List the special purposes for which working dogs are used?4. What is “tracking” and what are its uses? 5. What do you need to consider before starting a K-9 unit?

K-9 UnitS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

FOUR LEGGED CRIME FIGHTERS

A police dog, often referred to as a

"K-9 dog" in some areas (which is

a homophone of canine), is a dog

that is trained specifically to assist

police and other law-enforcement

personnel in their work.

One commonly used breed is the

German Shepherd, although now

Belgian Malinois are popular dogs

to use. Drug smugglers have tried

to fool drug-sniffing dogs by

wrapping drugs in towels soaked

with perfume, but the dogs find

the drugs anyway.

It isn't all about his nose.

The intimidating growl of a well-

trained German shepherd can

cause many criminals to surrender

instead of running or fighting.

The very presence of a police dog

can prevent physical

confrontations. A criminal knows

they can't reason with a dog, they

can't intimidate him, they can't try

to scare him.

When a conflict does arise, dogs

are faster and stronger than most

humans, able to catch a fleeing

criminal and clamp down with

powerful jaws to apprehend the

suspect until other officers arrive.

Dogs have more than earned their

place in the police

forces of the world.

24

Instructor: Although not as prominent as before

the introduction and proliferation of the

automobile, horse-mounted units are still used by

police departments today.

Essential functions of horse-mounted patrols still

include crowd control, presence at special events,

patrolling highly congested areas, and public

relations.

Even though horse-mounted patrols are sometimes

difficult to implement and maintain by

departments, most that use these special patrols

believe the advantages of having them outweigh

the few disadvantages.

Discuss uses of mounted patrol.

Parks and Crowd ControlMounted police may be employed for specialized

duties ranging from patrol of parks and wilderness

areas, where police cars would be impractical or

noisy, to riot duty, where the horse serves to

intimidate those whom it is desired to disperse

through its larger size, or may be sent in to snatch

trouble makers or offenders from the crowd.

Where no vehicle can treadFor example, in the UK, mounted police are most

often seen at football matches, although they are

also a common sight on the streets of many towns

and cities as a visible police presence and crime

deterrent during the day and night.

Some mounted police units are trained in search

and rescue due to the horse's ability to travel

where vehicles cannot.

A well-known mounted police force is the Royal

Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The RCMP

currently uses standard police methods and does

not use any horses operationally to perform their

duties.

How to Prepare for Mounted PatrolThere are many things you can do to prepare

yourself for mounted patrol. You need to take

lessons, go to a horse farm and get to know the

owner. Ask him if you can help with the horses in

exchange for lessons if you can’t afford them.

There are good books on the subject, you can

become an intern, and you can volunteer with

organizations that care for horses. Get to know a

person who is a mounted patrol officer and shadow

them.

Rules for RidersThere is a special relationship between a horse

and its rider. Don’t get on your horse in a bad

mood because they will not work for you. They are

intuitive and can pick up on your emotions. You

need to become one with your horse especially

when you are riding them.


Mounted PatrolI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Stouthearted: A quality of spirit that enables one to endure adversity with courage.

25

10 ft. CopsMounted police are police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage.

AdvantagesThe advantages of patrolling on horseback include having a clearer view of an area, greater public visibility, and the ability to operate in close places.

Mounted PatrolS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

What to look for in a Great Mounted Patrol Horse!The physical attributes that are of primary significance in selecting a horse for law enforcement work are gender, weight, age, height, and breed. The majority of mounted patrol units rely on geldings (altered male horses), though some do use mares and/or stallions.

There are, however, other considerations:

BRAVE

A mounted patrol horse can sometimes see strange things on the streets or in

the park. He must have a "brave heart" to continue to go forward. A simple flag

or street sign may scare him at the moment. He must be strong and bring the

patrol officer where he is told.

SMART

Mounted patrol horses go through challenging training. They must learn how to

walk through crowds, keep people away, and be comfortable around many

different obstacles. He must be smart enough to understand and do every one

of the skills perfectly.

FRIENDLY

People love horses and a mounted patrol horse must enjoy meeting people

who approach him. Adults and children will want to pet him. He needs to stand

patiently when the police officer answers questions that the people may ask of

him. He must never be a biter or a kicker.

RELIABLE

A mounted patrol horse must be reliable every day and he must give 100%. He

must never turn around and want to go back to the barn. He must load on the

trailer nicely. He must trust and listen to his rider and do whatever is asked.

LOVE THE JOB

All the training in the world will never make the perfect mounted patrol horse, if

the horse does not like what he is doing. If he and his rider have a nice

connection, and the horse truly loves paroling the streets and park, then that is

the final step to a perfect mounted patrol horse.

Check out JPA publications on

Mounted Patrol at:

juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/

http://www.juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/


26

Introductory Statement.

They carry semi and fully automatic pistols, sub-machine guns, assault rifles, shotguns, and flash-bang grenades and wear heavy body armor.

But these are not military commandos -- they are the members of a Special Weapons and Tactics Unit, more commonly known as SWAT. They are the "go-to" team in a high-risk, volatile situation, when surgical precision and advanced tactics are required.

These elite team members train frequently and rigorously, and they must keep current on the ever-changing science of crisis resolution. This is why LAPD SWAT remains the most respected group of its kind. An old saying goes, "When people are in trouble they call the police. When the police are in trouble they call SWAT!"

T R A I N I N GBecause SWAT teams are required to perform the most hazardous of tasks, such as freeing hostages, it is of paramount importance that they be well-trained.

SWAT teams are on twenty-four-hour call and have a clearly defined call-up procedure that automatically goes into effect whenever a department dispatcher receives a potential SWAT call.

M A K I N G T H E T E A M• SWAT teams are staffed by regular

police officers selected for the teams after meeting certain stringent criteria:

• SWAT team members are required to have a normal psychological profile, with emphasis on the ability to work well as a member of a team.

• Without question, each member must be physically fit and not have any limiting physical characteristics.

• They must be adept in the use of special equipment such as ropes

and rappelling paraphernalia, which they can use to enter a structure from a rooftop or from a hovering helicopter.

• They must be able to use explosives to blast doors, walls, or roofs in order to make a quick and safe entry.

• Officers must pass a standard physical test that includes a two mile run, push ups, pull ups, and sit ups.

• They must qualify with department firearms to a higher standard than the non-SWAT patrol officer.

• The team members train together, as a team, at least once a month, but usually more frequently. Quarterly, the physical and firearms standards must be met by all members of the SWAT team.

• SWAT officers train on the average of 16 hours per month and must be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

D I S C U S S T H E C O M P O N E N T S O F A S W A T T E A M

Building the perfect SWAT team. Review the following components that make up an effective team:

The Command PostThe Command Team consists of the Team leader and his lieutenants. They are in constant communication with the other team members by way of state of the art headpieces and must make on-the-spot decisions about the nature of the engagement depending on how the situation plays out.

The NegotiatorThe Negotiation Team consists of members who have been trained in psychology and are able to make a field assessment of any hostage scenario. They are essential in diffusing a potentially violent and dangerous situation.

The SniperThe Sniper Team consists of members who are highly skilled in the arts of camouflage and long distance shooting with state-of-the-art weaponry.

While their main task is to provide cover and fire support, they are also instrumental in providing up-to-the-minute intelligence to the Command Post. This information could be crucial in making decisions regarding assault plans and life-threatening situations. They are also known as the perimeter or containment team.

The Entry TeamThe name says it all. This team is comprised of members who are skilled in the art of explosives, forced entry and frontal assault. They are heavily armed with projectile weapons, smoke bombs, flash bombs and tear gas.

PerformanceThe true success of a SWAT team, however, is not measured in equipment, but in their performance as a team. A team that is untrained, undisciplined, and inexperienced, is a liability to its community, no matter how well armed and equipped they may be.


SWATI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Valor: Courage to take action in support of one's convictions.

27

SWATS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

F I V E E M E R G E N C Y S I T U A T I O N S S U I T E D T O S W A T D E P L O Y M E N T :

SWAT teams are used in any of five incidents:

• In hostage-related incidents, although negotiation is the ideal method of resolution, negotiations sometimes break down and the crisis has to be resolved tactically.

• Sniper situations pose a great threat to innocent civilians and must be resolved quickly and decisively.

• Barricaded suspects often have to be overcome or arrested in order for public tranquility to return to a neighborhood or commercial area.

• Sometimes other police units call upon SWAT teams to aid in the arrest of subjects who are heavily armed. Usually a team will have the upper hand in firepower.

• Teams are usually called upon to provide anti-sniper protection for dignitaries.

C O N S I D E R & D I S C U S S W H E N T O D E P L O Y A S W A T T E A M

What if you’re dispatched to a call of a sniper perched on a tall building? A SWAT sniper is needed here.How about a plane hijacking at your local airport?How about a suspect or domestic terrorist holed up in an apartment complex with enough explosive material to level the apartments?How about an armed suicidal suspect in a crowded fast food joint?How about a Columbine High School situation?

All these scenarios call for the expertise of a SWAT team. Social changes, including heavily armed drug traffickers and the increased violence associated with them, are yet another reason to have SWAT on call. These situations require a specially trained unit whose members have trained for months to handle such situations.

W H E N T A L K I N G I S T H E B E S T O P T I O NBut when might a police negotiator be more appropriate? Your instructor will discuss with you the considerations that come into play when dealing with critical incidents.

Police departments have created Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (S.W.A.T.) to try and counter an ever-increasing propensity for violence in our communities throughout the country.

The team in those days was comprised of a few volunteers with no budget and little in the way of special weapons and training by today's standards.

The mission of the S.W.A.T. Team is to provide the department with the capability to safely resolve high-risk situations. Some examples of these types of situations are:

• Hostage situations• Barricaded suspects• Suicidal subjects• High risk search warrants/raids• High risk arrests• VIP protection details• Counter sniper• Other situations where the likelihood of armed

resistance appears great

Check out JPA publications on SWAT

at: juniorpoliceacademy.org/ideas/



28

What is CSI?

Crime Scene Investigation is a scientific method of gathering and examining evidence. Crimes are solved with the use of pathological examinations that gather fingerprints, palm prints, footprints, tooth bite prints, blood, hair and fiber samples.

Handwriting and typewriting samples are studied, including all ink, paper, and typography. Ballistics techniques are used to identify weapons and voice identification techniques are used to identify criminals.

CSI has come to play an increasingly important part in the investigation of serious crimes. Besides fingerprinting, a broad range of other scientific techniques are available to law enforcement agencies attempting to identify suspects or to establish beyond doubt the connection between a suspect and the crime in question.

Some of the specialized careers in CSI include:

PATHOLOGYForensic pathologists determine the time and the cause of death in cases of suspected murder or suicide. They can analyze wounds to determine what caused them, or trace blood splatters to discover the mode of attack.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRYForensic psychologists or psychiatrists may be called upon to evaluate a murder scene to suggest a possible psychological profile of the killer. The FBI has done much work in developing such profiles of serial killers.

Taking the Mystery Out of CrimeAlthough we think of forensic science as a tool to solve violent crimes, it can also be used to detect forgeries, trace smuggled material, and detect illegal materials from drugs to endangered animal skins. Forensic science includes a broad range of sciences with a vast number of applications, such as;

The analysis of bloodstains or traces of other body fluids (such as semen or spittle) that may indicate some of the characteristics of the offender.

Combing through CluesHairs, which are composed primarily of the protein keratin, can be defined as slender outgrowths of the skin of mammals.

Each species of animal possesses hair with characteristic length, color, shape, root appearance, and internal microscopic features that distinguish one animal from another.

Considerable variability also exists in the types of hairs that are found on the body of an animal. In humans, hairs found on the head, pubic region, arms, legs, and other body areas have characteristics that can determine their origin.

HandwritingYou are all Forensic Scientists. Your specific expertise is in document examination. Under what circumstances might it be important to verify the origin of a document or the author of a handwritten note?

Fingerprinting ActivityHave cadets learn to use fingerprinting techniques by actually fingerprinting each other.

Discuss the difference in everyone’s fingerprint.

Dusting for Fingerprints:

Place fingerprints on several objects: glass, table top, etc.

Have cadets dust the area for prints and learn how to lift the prints for evidence.

Guest Speaker:Have someone from the CSI Unit visit the class and discuss the different techniques in CSI.


Crime Scene InvestigationI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Discernment: Understanding the deeper reasons why things happen.

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Crime Scene InvestigationS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Crime scene investigation is the meeting point of science, logic and law.

Processing a crime scene is a long, tedious process that involves purposeful documentation of the conditions at the scene and the collection of any physical evidence that could possibly illuminate what happened and point to who did it.

The ultimate goal is the conviction of the perpetrator of the crime.

The CallThe investigation of a crime scene begins when the CSI unit receives a call from the police officers or detectives on the scene. The overall system works something like this:

The CSI arrives on the scene and makes sure it is secure with an initial walk-through to get an overall feel for the crime scene.

The Big Picture: Documenting the SceneThe goal of crime-scene documentation is to create a visual record that will allow the forensics lab and the prosecuting attorney to easily recreate an accurate view of the scene.

Scene documentation occurs during a second walk-through of the scene (following the same path as the initial walk-through).

NotesNote-taking at a crime scene is not as straightforward as it may seem. A CSI's training includes the art of scientific observation. In crime scene investigation, opinions don't matter and assumptions are harmful. When describing a crime scene, a CSI makes factual observations without drawing any conclusions.

PhotographsCSIs take pictures of everything before touching or moving a single piece of evidence. The medical examiner will not touch the corpse until the CSI is done photographing it and the surrounding area. There are three types of photographs a CSI takes to document the crime scene: overviews, mid-views, and close-ups.

SketchesIn addition to creating a photographic record of the scene, CSIs also create sketches to depict both the entire scene, which is easier to do in a sketch than in a photograph because a sketch can span several rooms, and particular aspects of the scene that will benefit from exact measurements. The goal is to show locations of evidence and how each piece of evidence relates to rest of scene.

VideoScene documentation may also include a video walk-through, especially in major cases involving serial killers or multiple homicides.

Collecting Evidence After the CSI has created a full record of the crime scene exactly as it was when he arrived, it's time to collect the evidence. Now he starts touching things.

The CSI systematically makes their way through the scene collecting all potential evidence, tagging it, logging it and packaging it so it remains intact on its way to the lab.

The crime lab processes all of the evidence the CSI collected at the crime scene. When the lab results are in, they go to the lead detective on the case.

Who's at the Scene?

✓ Police officers are typically the first

to arrive at a crime scene. They

arrest the perpetrator if he's still

there and call for an ambulance if

necessary. They are responsible for

securing the scene so no evidence

is destroyed.

✓ The CSI unit documents the crime

scene in detail and collects any

physical evidence.

✓ The district attorney is often

present to help determine if the

investigators require any search

warrants to proceed and obtain

those warrants from a judge.

✓ The medical examiner (if a

homicide) may or may not be

present to determine a preliminary

cause of death.

✓ Specialists (entomologists, forensic

scientists, forensic psychologists)

may be called in if the evidence

requires expert analysis.

✓ Detectives interview witnesses and

consult with the CSI unit. They

investigate the crime by following

leads provided by witnesses and

physical evidence.

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When two cars collide, each driver often claims it's the other's fault. If they can't reach a solution on their own, one, or both, will want police to investigate.

It is necessary for police officers to have the skills and knowledge to properly assess and document traffic accidents. While all police officers receive training in handling traffic accidents, many departments have “accident reconstruction specialists” who are specially trained.

Accident reconstruction specialists use sophisticated techniques and computers to calculate probable speed and trajectory. They take precise measurements to perform these calculations. It's as challenging as solving a mystery, and sometimes just as gratifying.

Consider the many kinds of motor vehicle accidents police officers must investigate:

• Vehicle and vehicle• Hit and run• Vehicle and bicycle• Vehicle and pedestrian• Parked vehicle and moving vehicle• Large Trucks (Accidents involving large trucks may require

an officer to divert traffic. Accidents involving trucks carrying hazardous materials may require the involvement of other public safety organizations.)

In this section, we will review the procedures for investigating traffic accidents and learn the fine art of reconstructing them.

Approaching AccidentsAs you approach, position your car so its lights illuminate the scene. This also warns others of the accident, and hopefully provides a shield for you. Quickly survey the scene to see if fire or medical response is needed. If there are injured persons, do triage.

Look to make sure you've found all the victims. In a high-speed crash, passengers can be thrown quite a distance. Observe the position and condition of the vehicles. Interview each driver separately, and determine a chronology of what happened.

Get information from witnesses. Complete an accident report form that includes a diagram of the accident scene and a narrative about how it happened. Your investigation may also uncover an unsafe road condition that needs correction, or an unsafe driver to cite for a violation. The specific form of your accident report form is dictated by your state; be sure it's complete.

What determines who is responsible for a traffic accident?Figuring out who is at fault in a traffic accident is a matter of deciding who was careless. For vehicle accidents, there is a set of official written rules telling people how they are supposed to drive and providing guidelines by which liability may be measured.

Everyone must learn these rules of the road in order to pass the driver's license test. Complete rules are contained in each state's Vehicle Code, and they apply not only to automobiles but also to motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians.

Sometimes a violation of one of these traffic rules is obvious as the cause of an accident. For example, when one driver runs a stop sign; consequently, crashing into another. In other situations, whether or not there was a violation that caused the accident will be less obvious. A common example is a crash that occurs when drivers merge into a single lane of traffic. At other times, there may have been a traffic violation that had no part in causing the accident, and therefore should not affect who is liable.

What if the cause of a traffic accident is not clear?It is sometimes difficult to say that one particular act caused an accident. This is especially true if what you claim the other driver did seems vague or minor. But if you can show that the other driver made several minor driving errors or committed several minor traffic violations, then you can argue that the combination of those actions caused the accident.

In a traffic accident, how can I help prove to an insurance company that the other driver was at fault?

One place to look for support for your argument that the other driver was at fault (if it is not indicated in the police report) is in the laws that govern driving in your state -- usually called the Vehicle Code.

A simplified version of these laws, sometimes called "The Rules of the Road," is often available at your local department of motor vehicles office.


Traffic Accident InvestigationI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Persistence: Continuing in spite of interference, discomfort, or other hindrances that may block the way.

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Traffic Accident InvestigationS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

DISCUSS THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CITIZEN AFTER AN ACCIDENTThe majority of minor collisions are easily dealt with by the drivers involved and do not require police involvement. However, no matter how minor the collision, you must always stop, check to see if anyone is hurt and give personal information when damage repair is necessary.

After stopping, you are obliged by law to give the following information to any person affected by the accident:

✓ Your name and address✓ The name and address of the owner of the vehicle✓ The registration number of the vehicle✓ Proof of Insurance

DISCUSS THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LAW ENFORCER AFTER AN ACCIDENTUnlike the citizen’s involved in the accident, a law enforcement officer is required to provide emergency services, as well as fully document the crime scene.

Investigation Checklist

Crash Scene Safety✓ Is the scene safe to approach? ✓ Is police back up needed? ✓ Does traffic need to be diverted to a different route? ✓ Are hazardous materials present?✓ Rendering First Aid✓ Does First Aid need to be given? ✓ Should paramedics be called?✓Obtaining Driver/Witness Statements✓What questions need to be asked and to whom,

where and when?

Physical EvidenceDiscuss with cadets: Vehicle damage, vehicle parts on roadway, damaged property and breathalyzer results.

MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT TERMS* Instructor will use blackboard to list and identify terms that are used in this topic. Include: airbag, axles, curve, embankment, highway, jackknife, lanes, median, sideswipe and any other relevant terms.

Accident Reconstruction

TO THE PARKING LOT!Move the class outside where the motor vehicle crash is set-up. Demonstrate the use of the tape measure and/or other measurements. (Consider setting up the crash scene in class using matchbox cars if vehicles are unavailable.)

TIME TO RECONSTRUCTHave the cadets accumulate statements, take photographs, fill in the blanks on their crash reports, prepare the vehicle damage analyses, draw scale diagrams, and so on.

Now, instruct students to draw a diagram of the crash site. The clearest way of describing an accident is by drawing a plan which only needs to take the form of a simple line drawing. Indicate the position of the vehicles before and after the accident, with arrows to show the direction of travel. Note approximate distances between the cars and from the nearest roads, junctions and signs.

SIZING UP A CRASH SITEDivide the cadets into their pre-assigned groups. Using tape measures and either the Coordinate or Triangulation method, each group is to measure the motor vehicle crash scene. One person in each group will write down the calculations on the worksheet, while the others measure. Groups will then go back into the classroom and develop a drawing to turn in for evaluation.

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Explosive SituationsThe Bomb Squad is called out in all situations involving the possible presence of an explosive device.

The Bomb Squad is responsible for transporting, handling and rendering safe all explosive devices in its jurisdiction, as well as for protecting visiting dignitaries, conducting explosives sweeps, evaluating suspicious packages, and conducting security checks at airports. Most Bomb Squad technicians have received training from the FBI, US Army Explosive Ordinance Disposal personnel and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.

Here is some sound advice from the LAPD Bomb Squad for handling potentially explosive situations. What to do in the Unlikely Event You Come Across a Potential BombDo not handle or disturb the suspected item. Immediately evacuate the location and notify the police from a neighbor’s house or a business. Only conventional telephones should be used as cellular telephone frequencies have the potential to detonate an explosive device.

When does the bomb squad respond to a call?The Bomb Squad is notified and responds whenever a suspected explosive device is found, or when suspicious circumstances indicate the possible presence of one, such as when a large rented vehicle is found abandoned outside of a potential "high value" target, such as a government building.

What should you do if you receive a suspicious package?Explosive devices can be contained in almost anything. Bombs can be constructed to look like almost any item and can be delivered in any number of ways. Most bombs are homemade and are limited in their design only by the imagination of their maker. Letter and package bombs are not new. While the latest incidents have involved political terrorism, such bombs are made for a wide variety of motives. The particular form of these bombs varies in size, shape, and components. They have electric, non-electric or other sophisticated firing systems, depending on the skill-level of the maker.

Yearly Death TollThere are over 50 people killed and approximately 500 people injured each year by explosives (not including major events like Oklahoma City or 9/11.) According to the FBI’s Bomb Data Center, most of these "incidents" occur in residential areas. The most common explosives used are black powder, smokeless powder and fireworks powders. The most common explosive device encountered in the USA is the pipe bomb. Now distribute and discuss student handout on the following page.

Bomb SquadI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Decisiveness: The ability to recognize key factors and finalize difficult decisions.

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Bomb SquadS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Basically, if it blows up, the Bomb Squad is watching out for it, and knows how to render it safe, which can either mean defusing it or destroying it. It’s the Bomb Squad’s job to make sure that American citizens are safe from explosives, and sometimes that can mean extra tight security at airports. And, as some of you know if you’ve traveled by airplane since the terrorist attacks on 9/11, sometimes that can mean that even your shoes are suspect.

Discuss the signs you can look for if you receive a suspicious package.

*Unexpected foreign mail, airmail and special delivery*Restrictive markings such as confidential, personal, etc.*Excessive postage*Hand written or poorly typed addresses*Titles but no names*Misspellings of common words*Oily stains or discoloration*No return address*Excessive weight Read the following and discuss some of the other situations where the bomb squad is called in. Home-made FireworksHome-made fireworks and explosives are very unstable. There is no set formula for the explosive that is used in illegal fireworks. Some of the fireworks that are made in Mexico are so unstable and dangerous that they are shipped wet to prevent them from exploding prematurely. The explosive filler can be set off by friction, heat, impact, sparks or flame. If you have a bag full of illegal fireworks and one of them goes off accidentally, you can assume that all of the fireworks in the bag will go off at the same time. A small amount of fireworks going off simultaneously in a vehicle can kill everyone who is in that vehicle and scatter parts of the car for some distance in all directions.

Fireworks are considered explosive devices, and they are extremely dangerous. Every year numerous children and adults are injured or burned as a result of playing with fireworks. Fireworks are dangerous and illegal within most city limits.

Military DevicesMilitary devices are designed to kill. Some of them have complicated fuses that are designed to detonate the explosive by the slightest movement or impact. Some of them contain poisonous gas.

It is usually not the actual explosion of a military device that kills people, it is the shrapnel (small pieces of metal) from the explosion. Shrapnel can travel at 3000 feet per second in all directions from the explosion. The metal pieces are razor sharp and will slice through the human body causing fatal wounds. Military devices are often altered by civilians and become even more dangerous. Pipe BombsPipe bombs are one of the most dangerous explosive devices that you may encounter, as well as one of the most common. The explosive filler may get into the threads of the pipe and a small amount of movement may be enough friction to cause the pipe bomb to explode. Static electricity may also jump from your hand to the pipe causing detonation. A pipe bomb can easily kill someone who is 300 feet away from the explosion because it propels hundreds, perhaps thousands of pieces of shrapnel in all directions. Commercial ExplosivesEven commercial explosives can be unpredictable. Crystallized dynamite can detonate with a sudden temperature change of 3 degrees or more. DiscussWhat traits might you look for in a person wanting to be on the bomb squad?

34

The FBI is charged with the enforcement of over 200 federal laws.

The FBI focuses on threats that challenge the foundations of American society or involve dangers too large or complex for any local or state authority to handle alone.

In executing the following priorities, the FBI produces and uses intelligence to protect the nation from threats and to bring to justice those who violate the law.

1. Protect the United States from terrorist attack2. Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage3. Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes4. Combat public corruption at all levels5. Protect civil rights6. Combat transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises7. Combat major white-collar crime8. Combat significant violent crimeSupport federal, state, local and international partners.Upgrade technology to successfully perform the FBI's mission

Other duties include, but are not limited to:✓ Bank robbery investigations✓ Theft of Government property✓Organized crime✓ Sabotage (deliberate damage or destruction of property)✓Kidnapping✓Domestic Terrorism

Discuss Core values: ➡Rigorous obedience to the Constitution of the United States;➡Respect for the dignity of all those we protect;➡Compassion;➡Fairness;➡Uncompromising personal integrity and institutional integrity;➡Accountability by accepting responsibility for our actions and

decisions and the consequences of our actions and decisions; and

➡Leadership, both personal and professional.

What is the mission of the FBI?The mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

It performs these responsibilities in a way that is responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States.

What does the FBI stand for?The FBI stands for Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Federal” refers to the national government of the United States. “Bureau” is another word for department or division of government. “Investigation” is what we do—gathering facts and evidence to solve and prevent crimes.

Should you verify your suspicion about criminal activity before reporting it to the FBI?Citizens should never place themselves in harm’s way or conduct their own investigations. Instead, any suspicious activity about matters under FBI jurisdiction should be reported to the FBI promptly.

FBI Special Agent Guest SpeakerFBI Special Agents always make for exciting guest speakers. We encourage you to arrange for an agent to address your cadets. Prior to the Guest Speaker's presentation (preferably during the previous class period), review with the cadets the special agent’s professional duties. Ask each cadet to write five questions for the speaker in their journal.

Suggested questions for the speaker: Why can't local police handle the kinds of crimes the FBI investigates?What kind of person makes for a successful agent?How does the uncertainty that the agency will relocate you affect raising a family?What is the greatest criminal challenge to the agency as we enter the next century?How have TV shows like the X-Files, Criminal Minds and Numbers helped or hurt your relations with the public?What is the greatest misconception about working for the FBI?

Discussion:1. What is the mission of the FBI?2. What types of crime does the FBI investigate?3. What entity serves as checks and balances for the FBI? Explain.4. Does the FBI have the right to arrest you, if you have committed a crime in the U.S and then moved to another country?5. What resources can the FBI provide local law enforcement

when a kidnapping occurs? 6. What does “performs these responsibilities in a way that is

responsive to the needs of the public and faithful to the Constitution of the United States” mean?


Federal Bureau of Investigation I N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait: Integrity: Live out my values in all areas of my life so other can rely upon and trust me.

35

Federal Bureau of Investigation S T U D E N T H A N D O U T

The Federal Bureau of Investigation

(FBI) is an agency of the United States

Department of Justice that serves as both

a federal criminal investigative body and an internal

intelligence agency (counterintelligence). The FBI has

investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than

200 categories of federal crime. Its motto is a

backronym of FBI, "Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity".

WHERE?

The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover

Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in

major cities across the United States. The FBI also

maintains over 400 resident agencies across the

United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at

United States embassies and consulates.

Gets the call when…

Protect the United States from terrorist

attacks (see counter-terrorism);

Protect the United States against foreign intelligence

operations and espionage (see counter-intelligence);

Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks

and high-technology crimes (see cyber-warfare);

Combat public corruption at all levels;

Protect civil rights;

Combat transnational/national criminal organizations

and enterprises (see organized crime);

Combat major white-collar crime;

F.B.I. Most Wanted

During the "War on Crime" of the

1930s, FBI agents apprehended or

killed a number of notorious

criminals who carried out kidnappings, robberies, and

murders throughout the nation, including John

Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin

"Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.

Support Staff

As of December 31, 2009, the FBI had a total of 33,852

employees. That includes 13,412 special agents and

20,420 support professionals, such as intelligence

analysts, language specialists, scientists, information

technology specialists, and other professionals.

Big Ideas

The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of

the Bureau of Investigation, did not appear in the J.

Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974.

The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA,

biological, and physical work.

Academy

The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is

home to the communications and computer laboratory

the FBI utilizes.

Qualification

All FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security

clearance, and in many instances, employees need a

higher level, TS/SCI(Top Secret/Sensitive

Compartmented Information) clearance.

P.T. Demands

Special Agents candidates also have to pass a

Physical Fitness Test (PFT) that includes a 300-meter

run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a

1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. There is also a polygraph test

personnel have to pass, with questions including

possible drug use.

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Introductory Statement. They are inconspicuous in a crowd.

Athletically built, they range from youthful to middle aged. Their eyes are constantly in motion, scanning the people who have come to see the President. Sometimes they wear sunglasses even in cloudy weather. That way they can watch the crowds without anyone knowing precisely where they are looking.

They are members of the White House detail of the U.S. Secret Service

Whenever you see news coverage of the President or his family, you may notice the agents in suits in the background, many of them with small ear pieces and sunglasses.

They always look serious, and seem to be looking everywhere all at once. They are Secret Service agents, and their job is to protect the President and his family.

Whenever the President, Vice President, or their families travel anywhere outside of Washington, D.C., the Secret Service works with the host city and state law enforcement to jointly establish the security measures needed for total protection. And yes, agents do swear to “take a bullet” to protect the President.

Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review

Would you be willing to risk your life to protect the President?

While Presidential safety is one of the responsibilities of the Secret Service, the department was originally established to deal with monetary issues.

Secret Service offices deal with counterfeit money, forgery, credit card fraud, as well as cell phone fraud.

First some history....The origin of the U.S. Secret Service

In 1865, an estimated one-third to one-half of the currency in circulation was counterfeit.

Consider why there was so much counterfeiting at this time in history.

What else was going on in the United States that impacted this problem?

(Civil War - South Printed US Currency)

The Secret Service was commissioned on July 5, 1865 in Washington, D.C., as the "Secret Service Division" of the Department of the Treasury and was originally tasked with the suppression of counterfeiting.

At the time, the only other federal law enforcement agencies were the U.S. Park Police, Post Office Department, Postal Inspection Service and the Marshals Service. The Marshals did not have the workforce to investigate all crime under federal jurisdiction, so the Secret Service was used to investigate everything from murder to illegal gambling.

After the assassination of William McKinley in 1901, Congress informally requested that the Secret Service begin to provide presidential protection. A year later, the Secret Service assumed full-time responsibility for protection of the President.

Suggested ActivityProtecting the President:The President of the United States is coming to visit your school in one week. The Junior Police Academy cadets have been asked by the Governor to prepare your school for a visit.

The President will be speaking to your school in the auditorium. List all of the things you can think of that would need to be done prior to the President arriving.

I. List of security preparations in the week prior to the President’s visit:

II. List of security measures taken during the President’s visit.


U.S. Secret ServiceI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait: Courage: The quality of mind that enables us to risk what we value for a higher purpose.

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U.S. Secret ServiceS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

The United States Secret Service is a federal law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

STATS

The Secret Service was created in 1865 to suppress counterfeit currency. It became the official presidential-protection system in 1901, after the assassination of President William McKinley.

The Secret Service investigates thousands of incidents a year of individuals threatening the President of the United States.

WHY DO WE NEED A SECRET SERVICE?

The President of the United States, Barack Obama faces 30 death threats a day.

Successful assassinations

Abraham Lincoln 1865James A. Garfield 1881William McKinley 1901John F. Kennedy 1963

• Most Secret Service agents concentrate on tracking counterfeit money.

• A small percentage of agents focus on protecting the President and Vice President (present, past and

candidates), their families and certain foreign heads of state.

ANIMALS EMPLOYED

The Canine Explosives Detection Unit (K-9): Created in 1976, the mission of the K-9 unit is to provide skilled and specialized explosives detection support to protective efforts involving Secret Service protectees.

VEHICLES Uniformed Division officers carry out

their protective responsibilities through a network of fixed security posts, foot, bicycle, vehicular and motorcycle patrols.

UNIFORM

Special Agents of the Secret Service wear attire that is appropriate for the surroundings. In many circumstances, the attire is a conservative suit, but attire can range from a tuxedo to blue jeans.

The attire for Uniformed Division Officers includes standard police uniforms and ballistic/identification vests for members of the countersniper team & Emergency Response Team.

TECHNOLOGY

Magnetometers: The Secret Service began relying on magnetometer (metal detector) support by Uniformed Division officers to augment its protective efforts away from the White House following the attempted assassination

of President Ronald Reagan. The Magnetometer Support Unit's mission is to ensure that all persons entering secure areas occupied by Secret Service protectees are unarmed.

MYTHS

Why do they wear sunglasses?

Secret service agents wear sunglasses not to hide their identities but simply to guard their eyes from sun reflection, so they are able to see their surroundings better.

READY TO SIGN UP?

You will need a college degree and a clean criminal record to apply to be a Secret Service agent, followed by 11 weeks of basic police training and 16 additional weeks learning about fraud detection and personal protection.

ACADEMY

Secret Service agents receive the finest law enforcement training in the world. New agent trainees are initially sent to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Glynco, Georgia, where they are enrolled in the Criminal Investigator Training Program.

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US Coast GuardI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Overview of the United States Coast Guard

The U.S. Coast Guard is one of the five armed forces of the United States and the only military organization within the Department of Homeland Security.

Since 1790 the Coast Guard has safeguarded our Nation's maritime interests and environment around the world.

The Coast Guard is an adaptable, responsive military force of maritime professionals whose broad legal authorities, capable assets, geographic diversity and expansive partnerships provide a persistent presence along our rivers, in the ports, littoral regions and on the high seas.

Coast Guard presence and impact is local, regional, national and international. These attributes make the Coast Guard a unique instrument of maritime safety, security and environmental stewardship.

Stats

• Total Active Duty: 39,000• Selected Reserve: 7,800• Enlisted: 31,000• Officer: 6,000• Chief Warrant Officer: 1,300• Full-time Permanent Civilian: 6,000

The U.S. Coast Guard has five operational goals: maritime safety, national defense, maritime security, mobility and the protection of natural resources.

• The Coast Guard was officially transferred to the Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003. Prior to that date, the Coast Guard was part of the Department of Transportation.

• The Coast Guard (and its predecessor agencies) have, at times, fallen under the auspices of the Departments of the Treasury, Navy, Commerce, Transportation and Homeland Security.

• The Coast Guard's motto is "Semper Paratus" — "Always Ready"

• The commandant of the Coast Guard directs the policy and administration of the Coast Guard under the general supervision of the secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. The Coast Guard's only full, four-star admiral, the commandant serves as the principal advisor to the secretary regarding service matters.

• The commandant provides immediate direction to headquarters units, though he is not actually the commanding officer of headquarters — that responsibility falls to the chief of staff.

• The Coast Guard is divided into two areas, Atlantic and Pacific. Each area commander is under the direction of the commandant. The two areas are subdivided into a number of districts, whose commanders report to the area commanders.

• Congress authorized the building of ten boats to establish a "fleet of cutters" — forbearer of the Coast Guard — on August 4, 1790.

• Total operating expenses for fiscal year 2002: $3,382,800,000


Today’s Trait: Resourcefulness: The ability to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations

39

US Coast GuardS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

What?The United States Coast Guard

The U.S. Coast Guard is one of the five armed forces of the United States and the only military organization within the Department of Homeland Security. Since 1790 the Coast Guard has safeguarded our Nation's maritime interests and environment around the world.

Why?Coast Guard Activity on an Average Day:

• Saves 12 lives• Responds to 64 search & rescue cases• Keeps 842 pounds of cocaine off the streets• Services 116 buoys & fixes 24 discrepancies• Screens 720 commercial vessels & 183,000 crew &

passengers• Issues 173 credentials to merchant mariners• Investigates 13 marine accidents• Inspects 68 containers• Inspects 29 vessels for compliance with air emissions

standards• Performs 28 safety & environmental examinations of

foreign vessels• Boards 13 fishing boats to ensure compliance with

fisheries laws• Responds and investigates 10 pollution incidents

Where?The current headquarters of the Coast Guard is at 2100 Second Street, SW, in Washington, D.C. near Nationals Park, where it will continue to have a presence at least into 2015.

The new Department of Homeland Security headquarters complex is being built on the grounds of the former St. Elizabeths Hospital in the Anacostia section of Southeast Washington, across the Anacostia River from the current Coast Guard headquarters.

As part of this consolidation, the Coast Guard will be the first DHS agency to locate its headquarters in the new complex, estimated to occur in late 2013 or early 2014.

Who?The formal name for a uniformed member of the Coast Guard is "Coast Guardsman", irrespective of gender. "Coastie" is an informal term commonly used to refer to current or former Coast Guard personnel.

"Team Coast Guard" refers to the four components of the Coast Guard as a whole: Regular, Reserve, Auxiliary, and Coast Guard civilian employees.

• Total Active Duty: 39,000• Selected Reserve: 7,800• Enlisted: 31,000• Officer: 6,000• Chief Warrant Officer: 1,300• Full-time Permanent Civilian: 6,000

How?The Coast Guard has roles in maritime homeland security, maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, marine environmental protection, and the maintenance of river, intracoastal and offshore aids to navigation.

While most military services are either at war or training for war, the Coast Guard is deployed every day. With a decentralized organization and much responsibility placed on even the most junior personnel, the Coast Guard is frequently lauded for its quick responsiveness and adaptability in a broad range of emergencies.

See the Coast Guard in action, visit our student

publications at


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Let’s say a criminal steals a car in California, then decides to move to Texas, where he or she is caught stealing another car.

The person is caught, convicted and sent to Huntsville, Texas to serve time in a jail. However, being quite the clever criminal, they escape from jail and are spotted in New Orleans.

Question:What law enforcement agency will probably be sent to apprehend them? The local police from Texas? The local authorities from Colorado or California?

The U.S. Marshal, that’s who!

As you may remember from “The Fugitive,” with Harrison Ford, the U.S. Marshals have primary jurisdiction for catching fugitives and escaped federal prisoners.

The Marshals use both traditional methods and sophisticated technologies for fugitive investigations, including tactical equipment, electronic surveillance and aerial surveillance. Tactical equipment includes covert audio and video alarms and sensors; digital, narrowband, encrypted wireless communications; and radio and satellite communications equipment, such as tactical repeaters, base stations and portable tower trailers.

Overview of the U.S. Marshals Service★The U.S. Marshals Service is the nation’s oldest and

most versatile federal law enforcement agency.★ Federal marshals have served the country since 1789,

often in unseen but critical ways.★The Marshals Service occupies a uniquely central

position in the federal justice system. It is the enforcement arm of the federal courts, involved in virtually every federal law enforcement initiative.

★Presidentially appointed, U.S. marshals direct the activities of 94 districts — one for each federal judicial district.

★More than 3,950 deputy U.S. marshals and criminal investigators form the backbone of the agency. Among their many duties, they protect the federal judiciary, apprehend federal fugitives, seize property acquired by criminals through illegal activities, house and transport

federal prisoners and operate the Witness Security Program.

★The agency’s headquarters is just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C.

Approximately 4,000 Deputy Marshals and career employees work for the U.S. Marshals Service nationwide.

Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review.Discuss each of the functions of the Marshal’s service and what each branch does.

✦ Judicial Security✦ Fugitive Operations✦ Prisoner Operations✦ Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation

System✦ Witness Security


Discuss GritThe gritty individual approaches achievement as a marathon; his or her advantage is stamina. Whereas disappointment or boredom signals to others that it is time to change trajectory and cut losses, the gritty individual stays the course.

U.S. Marshals ServiceI N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait: Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite adversity.

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U.S. Marshals ServiceS T U D E N T H A N D O U T

Judicial Security★ Since 1789, the U.S. Marshals

Service has been the enforcement arm of the federal courts and has been responsible for protecting the federal judicial process.

★The agency ensures the safe and secure conduct of judicial proceedings at more than 400 locations in 94 federal court districts and provides protection for federal judges, U.S. attorneys, assistant U.S. attorneys, personnel, jurors, the visiting public and prisoners.

★Experienced former law enforcement officers work within the agency’s Court Security Officer program. These contracted CSOs receive limited deputations as special deputy U.S. marshals. CSOs detect and intercept weapons and other prohibited items from entering federal courthouses.

Fugitive OperationsThe U.S. Marshals Service is the federal government’s primary agency for fugitive investigations.

The agency holds all federal arrest warrants until execution or dismissal.

In fiscal year 2010, the Marshals apprehended more than 36,100 federal fugitives, clearing approximately 39,100 felony warrants.

U.S. Marshals task forces combine the efforts of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies to locate and arrest the most dangerous fugitives.

Asset ForfeitureThe Department of Justice Asset Forfeiture Program has become a key part of the federal government’s efforts to combat major criminal activity by stripping criminals of their ill-gotten gains.

The U.S. Marshals Service plays a critical role by managing and selling assets seized and forfeited by federal law enforcement agencies nationwide.

Prisoner OperationsThe U.S. Marshals Service houses and transports all federal prisoners from the time they enter federal custody until they are either acquitted or convicted and delivered to their designated federal Bureau of Prisons facility.

The Marshals Service has more than 63,000 detainees in custody each day, housed in federal, state, local and private jails throughout the nation.

Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation SystemThe U.S. Marshals Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System, sometimes called “Con Air,” moves prisoners between judicial districts, correctional institutions and foreign countries.

JPATS is one of the largest transporters of prisoners in the world — handling about 977 requests every day.JPATS completed 356,603 prisoner and alien movements in FY 2010 (206,358 movements by air; 150,245 by ground transportation).

Witness SecurityThe U.S. Marshals Service operates the federal Witness Security Program, sometimes referred to as the “Witness Protection Program.”

The Witness Security Program provides for the security, safety and health of government witnesses and their authorized family members, whose lives are in danger as a result of their cooperation with the U.S. government.

More than 8,300 witnesses and 9,800 of their authorized family members have participated in the program since it began in 1971.

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We salute the efforts of Crime Prevention Officers by considering perhaps their greatest contribution to the community – reducing fear.

What do we know about fear of crime?

• The most common behavioral reaction to fear of crime is to avoid unsafe areas at night.

• Older people often report high levels of generalized fear of crime, but when asked about specific sources of fear or behavioral

reactions (e.g., afraid to go out at night), their responses are typically similar to those of middle-aged people.

• School-age youths and young adults usually report the highest levels of fear of crime, but are least likely to adopt constraining

or precautionary behaviors.

• Women usually report higher levels of fear of crime than men. This seems to be driven by fear of sexual assault which

influences fear of burglary, mugging, strangers, dark streets, and other conditions.

• Women and older people are most likely to take precautionary measures in response to their fear of crime.

• Fear of crime tends to be higher among minority residents and urban dwellers.

• Perceived risk of victimization has one of the strongest effects on fear of crime.

• Fear of property crimes is often higher than fear of personal crimes, reflecting a rational understanding that property crimes

occur much more frequently than violent crimes.

• Many people get most of their crime information from the mass media. Where people get their information affects their fear of

crime, with TV news and tabloids having the most impact. Interestingly, though, people often can distinguish local news stories

from those that are more distant and less likely to be relevant to their lifestyle and surroundings.

In 2006, 37 percent of Americans said there was an area within a mile of their home where they would be afraid to walk alone at

night. This had peaked at 48 percent in 1982, then gradually fell to 30 percent in 2001 before beginning to go back up.

Consistent with this trend in fear of crime, 68 percent of Americans believed there was more crime in the U.S. in 2006 than the

year before, and 51 percent believed that crime in their local areas had increased during the past year.

Notes to Instructor:Finally we must define the American character in a way that elevates young people above fear and we should start with “fear of crime”.

Pass Out Cadet Handouts. Review

Source: Catalano, Shannan. Criminal Victimization 2005. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics,

Crime Prevention Officer I N S T R U C T O R O V E R V I E W

Today’s Trait:Cooperation: Undertaking a noble cause in association with others who are share your goal.

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Crime Prevention Officers are highly experienced and well-trained law enforcement professionals who recognize the value of engaging and educating the community in crime prevention initiatives. Crime Prevention Officers usually are recruited from seasoned, veteran police officers.

These officers typically have had years of experience responding to the crimes that are most likely to occur in the local work environments, including but not limited to burglaries, identification fraud, theft, and robberies.

A veteran police officer who has investigated numerous crimes will have recognized common patterns among these crimes and therefore will have identified and applied various techniques to prevent them.

We salute the efforts of CPO’s by considering perhaps their greatest contribution to the community – reducing fear.

Discuss:

✓ Fear matters—it has a negative effect on

individuals and communities.

✓ Fear is real—while it is just a feeling, fear

affects behavior, politics, economics, and

social life.

✓ Fear is not as important as crime—the harm caused

by fear should not be equated with the tangible and

often tragic harm caused by violent crime or

significant property crime.

✓ Fear is important—while making people safe is

perhaps the most important purpose of government,

making them feel safe is nearly as important, because

fear has such negative ramifications for politics,

economics, and social life.

✓ Reducing fear is and should be a police responsibility

—the important government purpose of making

people feel safe falls to the police logically and of

necessity.

✓ Police can reduce fear—promising fear-reduction

strategies and practices have been developed and

tested during the past 30 years.

✓ Reducing fear should be an explicit police priority—

unless police specifically target fear of crime, their

attention tends to get distracted toward other issues

and fear reduction efforts are neglected.

✓ Fear reduction efforts should be targeted—the

preponderance of the evidence on police

effectiveness in general is that more targeted

strategies work best. This general principle applies to

the specific challenge of reducing fear of crime.

Police Strategies for Reducing Fear

How can police

reduce fear of crime? This Guide ultimately recommends a

targeted problem-oriented approach as the most effective

strategy for fear reduction. Such a strategy, though, has to

proceed hand-in-hand with a community oriented policing

philosophy, which in turn has to rest on a solid foundation of

professional policing principles and practices. These

approaches to modern policing have been evolving during

the past 50 years and are now seen as completely

complementary.

How Policing Can Reduce Fear

Before reviewing policing research and the recent

evolution of police strategies as they relate to fear

reduction, we should identify the primary methods by

which policing might affect fear of crime.

Traditional Approaches to Reducing Fear of Crime

Motorized patrol reduces fear.

Police visibility reduces fear.

Rapid response reduces fear.

Solving crimes reduces fear.

Crime PreventionTarget hardening reduces fear.

Street lighting reduces fear.

Community PolicingPolice-citizen contact reduces fear.

Public confidence in police reduces fear.

Public information reduces fear.

Broken WindowsReducing disorder reduces fear.

Crime Prevention Officer S T U D E N T H A N D O U T

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