SECTION 9

AMERICANRestrained Joint Pipe

9-1

The following joints provide restraint but are not generally furnished primarily forthe restraining feature:

In many piping installations, therestraining of forces due to internal pres-sure at fittings, valves, or dead ends is amajor consideration. In most undergroundpiping, the restraining of such forces isnormally accomplished by concrete reac-tion blocking, which generally providesthe most economical and practical meansof pipeline restraint.

In some situations concrete reactionblocking is not practical. For such pro-jects*, AMERICAN has developed pipejoints that provide restraint against exter-nal forces or against separation due tointernal pressure. Restrained joints areprovided in all sizes 4" through 64" asshown below and described in thisSection.

AMERICAN Restrained Joint PipeThe principal standards relating to applicable features of AMERICAN Restrained Joint Pipe and Fittings

are ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51, ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10, ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11 and ANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53. These and other standards are referenced throughout this Section either by the fullANSI/AWWA designation or by only the AWWA numbering, such as AWWA C151.

Flange Joint—See Sections 6 and 8. Grooved Joint—See Section 2.Flex-Lok Joint—See Section 10. Shouldered Joint—See Section 2.

*To determine the number of joints to be restrained in a given situation, see “Thrust Restraint Design for DuctileIron Pipe” published by the Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association.

4"-12" Flex-Ring® Joint

14"-48" Flex-Ring® Joint

Field Flex-Ring® Joint

Fast-Grip® Joint

Lok-Ring® Joint

MJ Coupled Joint

9-2

AMERICAN Fast-Grip® Gasket

American Fast-Grip gaskets have beenproven to be a superior field-adaptablemethod of restraining 4”-30” ductile ironpipe or fittings.

The restraint provided by the patented* AMERICAN Fast-Grip® gasket isdue to the development of wedging actionbetween pairs of high-strength stainlesssteel elements spaced around the gasket.The outer metal element acts as a bearingmember for the wedge-shaped inner ele-ment which has sharp teeth on its innersurface for gripping the spigot.

Because of the wedging design uti-lized, the force between the spigot and thesocket of the joint is essentially constant atany given pressure thrust regardless of the“tightness” or “looseness” of the joint fitor the joint deflection.

Fast-Grip gaskets are suitable for anallowable working pressure of 350 psi for4”-18”** pipe and 250 psi for 20” and24”** sizes. The 30” size is suitable for a150 psi working pressure. The joint has amaximum allowable deflection of 5° in the4”-12”, 4° in the 14”, 3° in the 16”-24”,and 2 1/2° in the 30” size.

Proof-of-design tests have confirmed thatthe joints are capable of restraining dead-end thrust of two or more times the ratedworking pressure, as applicable. These tests

were accomplished with the joints in bothstraight alignment and at the maximumrated deflection.

The Fast-Grip gasket has the samebasic shape as AMERICAN’s Fastite® gas-ket, so it can be used in any 4"-30" stan-dard Fastite pipe or fitting socket. The gas-ket rubber is standard SBR*** whichmeets all the material requirements ofANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11.

Fastite****fittings per ANSI/AWWAC110/A21.10 or C153/A21.53 are avail-able in 18"-30" sizes. When they areavailable on the jobsite, AMERICAN’s 16”-30” Flex-Ring® fittings may also beused with the Fast-Grip gasket.

The Fast-Grip gasket is UnderwritersLaboratories listed and Factory Mutualapproved for use in Fastite or Flex-Ringsockets with Fastite plain ends in all sizes4"-16". The UL listing and FM approvalsapply to all pressure classes and specialthickness classes of ductile iron pipe.

In addition to the positive restraintachieved, Fast-Grip gaskets offerergonomically friendly advantages com-pared to other restrained joints for fittingsand pipe requiring bolts, lugs, segments,wrenches, etc. Joints can easily be assem-bled with current tools and methods usedfor many years in the assembly of standardFastite joints. Assembly and disassemblyinstructions follow.

* U.S. Patent No. 5,067,751.** Because the pressure rating of the joint cannot exceed that of the pipe, the 350 psi rating for 14”-18” sizes and the 250 psi rating for 24” size are limited

by the pressure class of pipe with which they are used. For example, an 18” Fast-Grip gasket used with Pressure Class 250 pipe would carry a rating of 250 psi instead of 350 psi. Contact AMERICAN for higher working pressure applications.

*** Contact AMERICAN if other types of rubber are required.**** Contact AMERICAN for the availability of fitting plain ends.

Fast-Grip Gasket in PlacePrior to Joint Assembly

High-Strength Stainless Steel ElementsEqually Spaced Around the Gasket

Fast-Grip Joint Fully Assembled…Subjected to Thrust…

9-3

1. Cleaning of Socket and SpigotClean the socket and plain end thor-

oughly, removing any mud, sand, gravel,ice, frozen material, or other matter thatcould prevent a proper joint seal. Materialin the gasket grooves may cause the gas-ket to protrude into the path of the enter-ing spigot. Therefore, it is important thatall joint recesses be kept clean duringinsertion of the gasket and assembly ofthe joint to prevent gasket dislodgmentand/or subsequent leakage.

2. Placement of GasketWipe the gasket

clean. After flexingone or more “loops”in the gasket, insertthe gasket in the gas-ket recess of the sock-et with the large seal-ing end of the gaskettoward the rear of the socket. The centerof the gasket loops should be positionedbetween tooth locations. Press the gasketinto the mating socket recesses, so themetal-carrying retainer end of the gasketis seated completely and uniformly in thesocket groove. Take care that no gasketloops or bulges protrude into the pathof the entering pipe spigot. In extremely

cold weather conditions, gaskets shouldbe warmed before installing. (One way tokeep gaskets warm is to keep them in atruck or heated vehicle cab until they areready to be used.)

AMERICAN Fast-Grip® Gasket

Assembly Instructions

Assembling pipe and fitting jointsusing Fast-Grip gaskets is simple. It is verysimilar to the assembly of Fastite jointsshown in Section 2. Fast-Grip gasketsmay be used in lieu of standard Fastitegaskets in the bells of Fastite and Flex-Ring joint pipe and fittings where easy,field-adaptable restraint is desired.

Incorrect

Incorrect

Incorrect

Correct

9-4

3. Lubrication of the JointWith a clean brush, apply a liberal

amount of regular Fastite lubricant com-pletely over the end of the pipe, the spig-ot radius, and the outer surface of thepipe up to the assembly stripe. Also applylubricant completely over the exposedinner surface of the gasket. AMERICANsupplies an extra 10% of lubricant to beused with the Fast-Grip joints to ensureease of assembly. Use only lubricant pro-vided by AMERICAN. For underwater con-ditions, special AMERICAN underwaterlubricant is recommended and is availableupon request.

4. Initial Placement of Bevel End IntoSocket

The spigot end ofthe pipe should be inreasonably straightalignment before it isplaced into the socket.Center the spigot inthe gasket so it makesfirm and even contact with the inner sur-face of the gasket. Do not place pipe spig-ot in socket while in a substantial ly

deflected position.

5. CompleteAssembly of PlainEnd Into Socket

For 4"-18" sizes,simply push the bevelend into the bell until itcontacts the rear of the socket. Desiredjoint deflection maythen be set.

If the joint is to be deflected less than 21/4° for 20", 1 3/4° for 24", and 1° for30", simply push the pipe spigot until itcontacts the back of the socket and deflect.If the joint is to be deflected greater thanthese amounts, push the pipe spigot intothe bell (while in straight alignment) onlyuntil the leading edge of the factory-appliedyellow assembly stripe is even with the faceof the bell. The desired deflection up to themaximum may then be set.

Abnormal joint assembly loads orbehavior, such as unexplained exposure ofthe assembly stripe outside the bell, mayindicate improper cleaning, gasket inser-tion, spigot placement, or lubrication. Inany joint assembly, a thin feeler gaugepassed between the bell and spigot allaround the assembled joint can be used toconfirm correct gasket placement. (Seefigure below.) Any joint with apparentproblems should be disassembled and cor-rected before fil l ing and testing thepipeline. (See Disassembly Instructions.)

AMERICAN Fast-Grip® Gasket

Assembly Instructions—Continued

9-5

24* 20 12 3°30* 20 10 2 1/2°

20* 20 12 3°18 20 12 3°

AMERICAN Fast-Grip® Gasket

Assembly Instructions—Continued

Allowable Joint Deflection for 4"-30" Fastite† Ductile Iron Pipewith Fast-Grip Gaskets

XY

14 18 19 5°16 20 21 5°18 20 21 5°10 20 21 5°12 20 21 5°14 20 17 4°16 20 12 3°

SizeIn.

NominalLaying Length

ft. XOffset per 20' Length (in.)

YDeflection Angle

† Allowable deflection for Flex-Ring sockets with Fast-Grip gaskets is the same as above for Fastite.* Allowable deflection for 20”, 24”, and 30” Fastite AWWA C110 fitting joints with Fast-Grip gaskets 2 1/4°, 1 3/4°, and1°, respectively.

Maximum Recommended Deflection

Assembly of FittingsPipe and fittings joints can be easily

assembled with current tools and methodsused for many years in the assembly ofFastite joints. A line of “assembly yokes”and associated rigging for 4"-16" sizes are

available that allow easy assembly of fittingconfigurations, such as 90º bends, etc. Fieldrigging for larger-sized fitting assembliescan normally be accomplished with com-mon grab chains, wire rope choker cables,etc. as per photographs in Section 4.

30" field-cut pipe, respectively, place anassembly mark on the spigot as shown. Thespigot should be inserted into the bell duringassembly only until the mark becomes evenwith the bell face. Spigot insertion to thefield-applied assembly mark will result in aspace between the spigot and the back ofthe socket.

Field-Cut PipeWhen pipe is cut in the field, the cut endmust be properly prepared prior to assem-bly. In 18” and larger sizes, the orderingand use of a few select pipes that havebeen “gauged full length” at the factoryshould be considered when field cuts areanticipated.

Using a portable grinder or other suit-able device, place an approximately 3⁄8”- to5⁄8”- long smooth assembly chamfer or bevelon the outside end of the pipe. This bevelshould make an angle of 30-40° with theaxis of the pipe. Care should be taken toensure that all corners are rounded andno sharp edges remain that might damageor dislodge the gasket.

If deflection greater than 2 1/4°, 13/4°, and 1° is required for 20", 24", and

9-6

AMERICAN Fast-Grip® GasketAssembly Instructions—Continued

Fast-Grip gasketed joints requiring aparticular orientation (such as with bends)should be assembled in the intended serviceposition. In some instances, this may beaccomplished more easily by first assem-bling the bend on a pipe above the trench.The jointed bend and pipe may then belowered (orienting as required) and assem-bled into place. Relative rotation of jointmembers to one another after assembly isnot recommended as it could cause dam-age or leakage.

See Push-On Fitt ings AssemblyInstructions in Section 4.

Disassembly InstructionsFast-Grip gasket joints may normally be

disassembled if required. Disassembly kits,consisting of a steel shim holder and specialhigh-strength steel disassembly shims, arerequired for this operation and are available

from AMERICAN. For easi-er disassembly of a jointthat has been subjected toseparating thrust or move-ment, first push the spigotback into the rear of the

socket to “unwedge” the teeth.Using gloves to protect hands from

sharp edges, insert a shim fully into thegroove in the shim holder.

Starting at the bottom of the joint,carefully drive the disassembly shim past thegasket between the outside of the spigotand the gasket by striking the holder with ahammer. Remove the holder from the shim,and progressively place other shims in this man-ner all around the joint.

Shims should be in con-tact with one another toensure all teeth are disen-gaged from the spigot.Overlapping of some shimsmay be required to dislodge all teeth. Afterall shims are in place, pull or jack the spigot

out of the socket. Very tightjoints may have to be separat-ed by cutting pipe. The reuseof Fast-Grip gaskets after dis-assembly is not advised.

Joint Extension After InstallationThe Fast-Grip gasket locking mecha-

nism is activated by relative movementbetween the spigot and socket. The jointthus allows for movement, joint take-up,and substantial flexibility after installation.Joints may be extended afterassembly to minimize jointtake-up in test or service andfor further assurance of cor-rect joint locking. This may beaccomplished by pulling or jacking the spig-ot away from the socket until firm resistanceis encountered. This will not prevent properjoint deflection. In vertical applications suchas exposed risers, standard (weld bead) Flex-Ring joints that also should be effectivelyextended and braced in original installationare recommended instead of Fast-Grip gaskets.

In most underground installations,including most restrained bend locations,joint take-up is advantageous in thatincreased thrust-resisting soil forces are gen-erated. Also, expansion and contraction dueto temperature variations may be accommo-dated without excessive stress in the pipemembers. The amount of joint take-up orline movement in buried restrained pipelinesis substantially limited by the surroundingsoil. Therefore, system security and safety ismaximized by filling and testing restrainedsections of pipelines after backfilling.

In any application where axial move-ment may be undesirable, such as certainbridge crossings, certain other exposed pip-ing applications, or certain connections ofrestrained pipe sections at angles to rigidpiping, special provisions, including effectivejoint extension, may be necessary to controlunacceptable pipeline movement.Depending on job conditions and restrainedpipe length, cumulative joint take-up can besubstantial, particularly in exposed orunburied piping applications.

9-7

AMERICAN Flex-Ring® Restrained JointDuctile Iron pipe, utilizing the sealing featuresof the time-proven Fastite® Joint and a bolt-less restrained connection, provides flexible,easily assembled, positive restraint againstendwise separation due to thrust.

The patented1 Flex-Ring Joint isdesigned for a working pressure2 equal tothat of the pipe or up to 350 psi in sizes 4"-24" and up to 250 psi in sizes 30" and 48".The joint has been thoroughly factory testedto withstand dead-end thrust resulting frommore than twice those working pressures.

Flex-Ring® joint pipe with its positive, flex-ible joint restraint may also be used in trench-less applications such as horizontal directionaldrilling and pipe bursting. With spigot ahead,the low-profile Flex-Ring® bell assemblesquickly and offers a smooth transition duringpipe pull-back. AMERICAN offers a Flex-Ring®

pulling bell assembly specifically designed forthis installation method.

For 4”-12” sizes, a beveled ductile iron,welded-on retainer ring and a ductile ironsplit flex-ring, assembled behind the retainerring, provide the means of restraint. After theplain end of the pipe is assembled into theFlex-Ring bell, the split flex-ring is insertedand springs into the socket locking groove.The flex-ring is securely positioned behind thewelded-on retainer ring and in the socketlocking groove on the inside of the pipe bell.This provides the flexible restraint.

For 14”-48” sizes, a shop-applied weldbead and a rubber-backed ring, containingyellow painted ductile iron segments, pro-vide the means of restraint. As the plain endof the pipe is fully assembled into the bell,the ductile iron segments automaticallyclose on the pipe behind the weld bead.The enclosure of the segments between theweld bead, spigot, and the sloped inner lipof the bell provides the flexible restraint.

The Flex-Ring Joint can be safelydeflected after assembly to the limits shownin Table Nos. 9-1 and 9-2. This liberaldeflection facilitates installation, decreasesthe number of necessary fittings, andaccommodates settlement.

The Flex-Ring Joint is Underwriters Labor-atories listed and Factory Mutual approvedin sizes 4"-12". This UL listing and FMapproval applies to all pressure classes andspecial thickness classes of ductile iron pipe.

The only joint components neededto assemble the Flex-Ring Joint are agasket and a single ring.

AMERICAN Ductile IronFlex-Ring® Joint Pipe

Centrifugally Cast for Water, Sewage, or Other Liquids

4"-12" Flex-Ring® Joint 14"-48" Flex-Ring® Joint

1 U.S. Patent Nos. 4,643,466, 4,685,708, and 5,197,7682 If higher working pressures are required, check AMERICAN.

Pulling Bell Assembly

9-8

No loose lugs, heavy wedges, rub-ber tubes, etc. are necessary. Also,there i s no need to or ient be l l s toensure proper installation, though forconvenience, most installers orient thesplit locking ring ends in 4”-12” sizesaway from the very bottom of thejoints. Just follow the simple instruc-tions shown on the following pages,and positive restraint is ensured.

Flex-Rings, Flex-Ring segments,and retainer rings are manufactured ofduct i le i ron compat ib le wi th p ipe.Welds and weld beads (if used) arenickel-iron, proven desirably cathodicto the ductile iron pipe, and welding isperformed using welders qualified toproduce h igh-qua l i ty , dependablewelds.

Fittings for use with 16"- 48" Flex-Ring pipe are ductile iron and meet orexceed the applicable performance andmanufactur ing requi rements ofANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10 orANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53. These are

rated for the same working pressuresshown for l ike fitt ings in C110 andC153. Fittings in these sizes are alsoavailable in both bell-bell and bell-Flex-Ring spigot configurations for installa-tion versatility and economy.

AMERICAN Flex-Ring® pipe andfittings are normally furnished withstandard asphaltic coating outside andcement l ined in accordance wi thANSI/AWWA C104/A21.4. Spec ia lcoatings and linings can be furnishedwhen specified.

Field closures or other restraint cannormally be securely made by usingAMERICAN’s Fast-Grip® gasket, whichis available in 4"-30" sizes. (See page9-2 for details of the Fast-Grip gasket.)The Fast-Grip® gasket restraint closure isUL listed and FM approved for use inFlex-Ring and Fastite bells in 4"-16"sizes. Field closures or other restraint in14"-36" sizes can also be made in Flex-Ring bells only by using AMERICAN’sField Flex-Ring®. (See page 9-16.)

AMERICAN Ductile IronFlex-Ring® Joint Pipe

Centrifugally Cast for Water, Sewage, or Other Liquids

9-9

4 350 20 4.80 5.62 7.06 10,000 5 21 230 -56 350 20 6.90 5.62 9.19 20,000 5 21 230 -28 350 20 9.05 5.74 11.33 30,000 5 21 230 310 350 20 11.10 6.72 13.56 45,000 5 21 230 1112 350 20 13.20 6.72 15.74 60,000 5 21 230 19

* Working pressure is the maximum pressure rating of the joint and is based on its capability to resist thrust due tointernal pressure. If higher working pressure is required, check AMERICAN. Pressure rating of the joint is limited bythe pressure rating of the parent pipe.

** Laying length is nominal 20'. Where exact lengths are required, contact AMERICAN. See below for minimumlaying lengths for 14"-48" Flex-Ring.

† Dimensions subject to change at our option. Check AMERICAN if smaller or exact dimensions are required.†† Intended for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) applications. The tabulated values are based on Pressure Class 350 pipe

thickness.Contact AMERICAN when it may be desirable to use lesser pressure class pipe or when higher pullingloads are required. Flex-Ring pipe may be available for greater pulling loads than indicated in the tabulated values.

^ Approximate radius of curve produced by a succession of 20' lengths of pipe fully deflected.^^ Based on weight of empty (full of air) Pressure Class 350 Flex-Ring pipe with standard cement lining

immersed in water. Positive numbers indicate such pipe will float.

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeStandard Dimensions and Pressure Ratings

BAF

Table No. 9-1

* Working pressure is the maximum pressure rating of the joint and is based on its capability to resist thrust due tointernal pressure. If higher working pressure is required, check AMERICAN.

** Laying length is nominal 20'. Where exact lengths are required, contact AMERICAN. Minimum laying lengths forFlex-Ring & Flex-Ring End pipe is 1'-0" and for Flex-Ring End & Flex-Ring End pipe is 2'-0".

† Dimensions subject to change at our option. Check AMERICAN if smaller or exact dimensions are required.†† Intended for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) applications. Flex-Ring pipe may be available for greater

pulling loads than indicated in the tabulated values. Contact AMERICAN when higher pulling loads are required.^ Approximate radius of curve produced by a succession of 20' lengths of pipe fully deflected.^^ Based on weight of empty (full of air) Pressure Class 350 Flex-Ring pipe with standard cement lining

immersed in water. Positive numbers indicate such pipe will float.

AFB

Sizein.

WorkingPressure*

psi

NominalLayingLength**

ft.

AO.D.in.

BSocketDepthin.

FBellO.D.†in.

AllowableDeflectiondegree

Offsetper 20'Lengthin.

Radius ofCurve^

ft.

4"-12"

14 1'-6" 2'-0"16 1'-6" 2'-0"18 1'-6" 2'-0"20 1'-6" 2'-0"24 2'-0" 2'-6"30 2'-0" 2'-6"36 2'-0" 2'-6"42 2'-0" 3'-0"48 2'-6" 3'-0"

Sizein.

Flex-Ring &Flex-Ring End

Minimum Laying Lengths

Flex-Ring End &Flex-Ring End

F ABF A B

Table No. 9-2

14"-48"

AllowablePullingLoadlb.††

EmptyPipe

Buoyancyin Water(lb/ft)^^

14 350 20 15.30 7.38 19.31 75,000 4 17 285 2716 350 20 17.40 7.38 21.43 95,000 3 3/4 16 305 3818 350 20 19.50 8.20 23.70 120,000 3 3/4 16 305 5220 350 20 21.60 8.20 25.82 150,000 3 1/2 15 327 6924 350 20 25.80 8.96 29.88 210,000 3 12 380 10430 250 20 32.00 9.63 36.34 220,000 2 1/2 10 458 17536 250 20 38.30 9.63 42.86 310,000 2 8 570 26642 250 20 44.50 10.84 49.92 390,000 2 8 570 35948 250 20 50.80 12.37 56.36 500,000 2 8 570 484

Sizein.

WorkingPressure*

psi

NominalLayingLength**

ft.

AO.D.in.

BSocketDepthin.

FBellO.D.†in.

AllowableDeflectiondegree

Offsetper 20'Lengthin.

Radius ofCurve^

ft.

AllowablePullingLoadlb.††

EmptyPipe

Buoyancyin Water(lb/ft)^^

4"-12"

14"-48"

9-10

Prior to joint assembly, remove thepacking material holding the split flex-ringonto the pipe. (See “Field Assembly ofFlex-Ring” if split flex-ring is shipped sepa-rately.) Thoroughly clean the socket lock-ing groove as well as the Fastite gasketrecess and pipe plain end. In accordancewith standard Fastite joint assemblyinstructions, insert the gasket and lubricatethe pipe plain end, bevel, and inside sur-face of the gasket. With the pipe in essen-tially straight alignment, assemble theplain end into the Flex-Ring socket untilthe spigot stripe disappears into the bell.The orientation of the spigot stripe relativeto the bell face is an indication of pipealignment.

1. Tap the flex-ring into the socketbeginning with one end of the flex-ring

and progressing around the joint asshown in Photo 1. This operation is madeeasier by holding one end of the flex-ringinside the bell as the remainder of the ringis caulked into the socket. Correct seatingis generally ensured by a snapping noiseas the flex-ring springs into position.(Note: When a visual inspection to deter-mine the flex-ring position is not practical,such as in an underwater installation, afeeler gauge can be used to ensure thecorrect positioning of the flex-ring in thesocket locking groove. It may be neces-sary to move the entering pipe slightly toimprove alignment if the ring does notreadily spring into the socket lockinggroove.)

2. The completed joint.

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeAssembly Instructions

4"-12"

1 2

This bridge crossing illustrates design/construction advantages, includingthe deflection capabilities of AMERICAN Flex-Ring Joint Pipe.

9-11

NOTE: The AMERICAN Flex-RingJoint allows for joint take-up and flexibili-ty after installation. In most undergroundinstallations, including most restrainedbend locations, this feature is advanta-geous in that increased thrust-resisting soilforces are generated. Also, expansion andcontraction due to temperature variationsmay be accommodated without excessivestress in the pipe members.

In any application where axial orlateral movement may be undesirable,such as certain bridge crossings, certainexposed or unburied piping applications,or certain connections of restrained pipesections to rigid piping, special provi-sions, including effective joint extension,may be necessary to control unaccept-able pipeline movement. (See also

Section 7, Pipe-On-Supports, etc.)Depending on job conditions andrestrained pipe length, cumulative jointtake-up can be substantial, particularly inexposed or unburied piping applications.In this regard, joints may be extendedafter assembly to minimize further jointtake-up in test or service. This will notprevent proper joint deflection.

The amount of joint take-up or linemovement in buried restrained pipelines issubstantially limited by the surroundingsoil. Therefore, system security and safetyis maximized by fi l l ing and testingrestrained sections of pipelines after back-filling as recommended by ANSI/AWWAC600, Installation of Ductile Iron WaterMains and Their Appurtenances andAWWA M41.

FIELD ASSEMBLY OF FLEX-RING

If the split flex-ring is shipped sepa-rately, assemble it onto the pipe spigot byspreading the Flex-Ring ends as shownabove. Be sure that the flex-ring is orient-ed so that the small end is toward thepipe plain end.

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint Pipe

Assembly Instructions4”-12”

DISASSEMBLY OF 4"-12" FLEX-RING

If disassembly of the joint is required,it may be accomplished by inserting pinsor nails into the drilled holes furnished inthe flex-ring ends and compressing theflex-ring firmly onto the pipe as shownabove. If desired, steel pins can be field-welded onto the ends of commonadjustable pliers, if such a disassemblytool is more desirable to the user. If axialmovement or joint extension hasoccurred in the joint prior to disassembly,it may be necessary to move the spigotcompletely to the rear of the socket instraight alignment to allow the Flex-Ringto be compressed for removal.

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION PERTAINS TO 4”-48” JOINTS:

9-12

1) Cleaning and Fastite gasketinsertion

Thoroughly clean the socket restrain-ing groove (nearest the bell end), theFastite gasket recess, and the pipe plainend, removing dirt, sand, ice, mud, or anyother material which could prevent theproper placement of the Fastite gasketand flex-ring. As in normal Fastite jointassembly, insert the gasket into the gasket

socket groove (Photo1). Important: AFastite gasket mustalso be used,because the rubber-backed flex-ringdoes not performany sealing func-tion.2) Placement of theflex-ring in socketand joint lubrica-tion

Remove theflex-ring from itscontainer and placeit in the socketrestraining groove ingasket-like fashion(Photo 2). The yel-low restraining seg-ments of the flex-ring must be orient-ed toward the enter-ing spigot. This maybe done by first plac-ing the flex-ring inthe socket groove byforming one or moreinward or lateralloops in the rubber-backed ring (Photo3). Work all inwardor lateral loops fullyoutward and planarsuch that each metal

segment fits reasonably flush against thewedging surface of the socket, and no rub-ber bulges or twists remain (Photo 4).

Lubricate the inside surface of thegasket and the first four inches of thespigot including the beveled nose end ofthe pipe. Do not allow the lubricated spig-ot end of the pipe to contact the groundprior to insertion.3) Initial placement of Flex-Ring spigotend into socket

With the spigot in reasonably straightalignment and centered within the flex-

ring (Photo 5),insert the spigotuntil it contacts theback of the socketper normal Fastitejoint assembly pro-cedure. (See Section2 for additionaldetail on Fastite

assembly procedures.) When the weldbead is in proper assembled position fullybeyond the yellow Flex-Ring segments,every segment will be trapped firmlybetween the weld bead, the spigot, andthe wedging surface of the socket.

Verify the correct positioning of theyellow Flex-Ring segments by visualinspection (or by “feeler” gauge ifinstalled in conditions of poor visibility).The segments will normally snap directlyinto the correct assembled position.However, if any segment should not comedown firmly onto the pipe at any location,deflect the pipe slightly in that direction,thereby allowing the segment to seat itselfcorrectly.

After joint assembly, the joint may beextended and then deflected within therange of allowable joint deflection for thesize of pipe being assembled.4) Assembly of fittings

Flex-Ring pipe and fitting joints cangenerally be assembled with the sametools and methods used for many yearswith Fastite joints. When using a field-cutpipe to locate a fitting, it may be advanta-geous to use an uncut flex-ring spigot end(with factory weld bead) and a standardFlex-Ring in the fitting socket rather thanusing a field-cut plain end and Field

1

2

3

4

5

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint Pipe

Assembly Instructions14”-48”

9-13

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeAssembly Instructions

14"-48"

Flex-Ring with black-toothed grippingsegments. A Field Flex-Ring and cut pipeplain end may then be used in the nearestpipe socket on either side of the fitting.When possible, the use of standard flex-ring with yellow segments and factoryspigots with weld beads in the sockets ofa fitting may allow easier orientation orrotation of the fitting relative to the pipeafter assembly, if this is needed. (SeeSection 4 for additional detail on theassembly of Fastite fittings.)5) Joint extension after installation

The 14”- 48” Flex-Ring lockingmechanism allows approximately one inchof free axial movement and also providessubstantial flexibility after installation.However, the joints may be extendedafter assembly to minimize this joint take-up in test or service conditions.

In most underground installations(including most restrained bend locations),joint take-up is advantageous in thatincreased thrust-resisting forces are gener-ated. Also, expansion and contraction dueto temperature variations may be accom-modated without excessive stress in pipemembers. The amount of joint take-up orline movement in buried restrainedpipelines is substantially limited by the sur-

rounding soil. Therefore, system securityand safety is maximized by filling and test-ing restrained sections of pipelines afterbackfil l ing as recommended byANSI/AWWA C600, Installation of DuctileIron Water Mains and Their Appurtenancesand AWWA M41.

In any application where axial orlateral movement may be undesirable,such as certain bridge crossings, certainexposed or unburied piping applications,or certain connections of restrained pipesections to rigid piping, special provi-sions, including effective joint extension,may be necessary to control unaccept-able pipeline movement.

Depending on job conditions andrestrained pipe length, cumulative jointtake-up can obviously be substantial, par-ticularly in exposed piping applications.

Where joint pre-extension is neces-sary in a piping system, it may be accom-plished by pulling or jacking the spigotaway from the socket until firm resistanceis encountered. This will not limit jointflexibility. See “Restrained Joint PipeAssembly Extension Procedure” in thissection of the Pipe Manual for more infor-mation concerning joint extension.

The versatile performance capabilities of AMERICAN Flex-RingJoint Pipe are perfectly suited for projects containing a varietyof conditions such as the hilly, rocky terrain shown in this photo.

9-14

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeDisassembly Instructions for 14"-48" Flex-Ring Joints

FLEX-RING SEGMENT

STARTER

WEDGE

FOR 14", 18", AND 20" SIZES

FLEX-RING BELL

SHIM

TYP.

TYP.

FLEX-RING SEGMENT

STARTER

WEDGE

SHIM

FLEX-RING BELL

S

TYP.

TYP.

WEDGE

FLEX-RING SEGMENT

WELD BEAD

Figure 1Starter shim and wedge arrange-ment for 14”, 18”, and 20” sizes.

Figure 2Shim and wedge arrangement for16”, 24”, 30”, 42”, and 48” sizes.

STANDARD FASTITE

GASKET

FLEX-RING END

FLEX-RING BELL

P

BACKING RING

FLEX-RING SEGMENT

WELD BEAD

Flex-Ring joints may be disassembled ifrequired using sharp wedges and 3/16”-1/4” thick disassembly shims. Flex-Ringdisassembly sets are available from AMER-ICAN and are suggested for disassembly.These disassembly sets include two sharpsteel starter wedges and an appropriatenumber of “L”- shaped shims. Thewedges are used to start the separation ofthe yellow Flex-Ring joint lockingsegments outward from the spigot while itis in the bell of an already assembled joint.The “L”-shaped shims are then hammeredbetween the spigot and each lockingsegment. The thicker shims lift the lockingsegments entirely away from the spigotwhen fully inserted, and allow the spigotweld bead to pass under the lockingsegments generally located as shown inFigs. 1 and 2. Step-by-step instructions follow:

1. First straighten the joint as muchas possible and push or pull thespigot back into the bell until it“bottoms out” in the rear of thesocket. (Fig. 3)

2. Hammer a starter wedge under ayellow locking segment until anapproximately 1/8” gap is seenbetween the segment and the spigot.(Fig. 4)

3. Hammer a second wedge (if nec-essary to start the shims) under theother end of the locking segment asin step 2.

Figure 3

Figure 4

9-15

4. With a large hammer (such as asix pounder) vigorously drive one ortwo “L”-shaped shims under thelocking segment until the ends ofthe shims firmly contact the spigotweld bead. (Fig. 5) Shims and wedgescan be safely and firmly held against thepipe as they are hammered using a blockof wood or a board. Safety precautionssuch as the wearing of safety glasses andkeeping clear of the hammer during strik-ing should always be taken to avoidinjury.

5. Remove the starter wedges frombetween the locking segment andspigot, leaving the shim(s) in place.(Fig. 6) Note that the wedges are reusedfor each locking segment.

6. Drive wedges and shims under alllocking segments as shown in steps2-5. (See photo.) Check to be sure thatthe inner surface of all segments will notinterfere with the spigot weld bead duringjoint separation after inserting shims.

7. Separate the joint. During joint sep-aration, it is generally best to pull thespigot straight out of the socket. Extremeback and forth deflecting motions of thespigot during joint separation can causeshims to fall out of the joint and/orrelocking to occur. If the joint does notreadily come apart, check to see if one ormore of the segments is in locking contactwith the spigot weld bead. If so, push ordeflect the spigot back in that locationand add or replace shims as required.

SHIM

WEDGE

SHIM

F Figure 5

Figure 6

Disassembly kits accompanied by instructions for use can be furnished by AMERICANupon request.

9-16

The AMERICAN Field Flex-Ring withblack-toothed gripping segments is anintegral part of the AMERICAN Flex-RingJoint restraint system. The AMERICANField Flex-Ring method of restrainingAMERICAN 14"-36" ductile iron Flex-Ring pipe and fittings is an easy, totallyboltless and glandless way of restrainingfield connections, which also does notrequire a factory or field weldment.Where field cuts are anticipated, the FieldFlex-Ring may be used to restrain jointswith any suitable ductile iron plain end orcut pipe in lieu of a standard Flex-Ringjoint spigot with a factory welded-onbead.

The patented* AMERICAN FieldFlex-Ring is designed to restrain jointsusing Flex-Ring sockets with the sameallowable working pressures and deflec-tion capabilities as the standard Flex-Ringjoint. (See Table 9-2.) Field Flex-Ringsmay be used with any standard pressureclass of ductile iron pipe with an allowableworking pressure equal to that of the pipeclass, or a maximum of 350 psi in the14"-24" sizes and 250 psi in the 30" and36" sizes. Flex-Ring fittings are manufac-tured per ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10 orANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53.

Restrained joints using Field Flex-Ringhave been thoroughly factory tested towithstand dead end thrust resulting frommore than twice the rated working pres-sure. The restraint is provided by thewedging action of heat-treated, high-strength ductile iron segments. The seg-ments have a wedge-shaped cross-sectionwith gripping teeth on the inner surface.

The ductile iron segments are held inthe proper position for assembly by a rub-ber backing ring. This rubber backing ringis compressed during assembly to ensurethat the restraining segments are heldfirmly in place against the socket wedgingsurface and spigot. The positioning andcompressive force exerted by the backingring on the restraining segments result independable gripping of the spigot whenthrust is applied.

The rubber backing ring for the FieldFlex-Ring does not perform any sealingfunction for the joint. (A separate, stan-dard Fastite gasket is employed in thejoint for this purpose.) The backing ring ismade of gasket-quality SBR rubber whichmeets all the material requirements ofANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11, Rubber-Gasketed Joints for Ductile-Iron PressurePipe and Fittings.

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeField Flex-Ring®

14”-36”

*U.S. Patent No. 5,197,768

9-17

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Flex-Ring® Joint PipeField Flex-Ring®14"-36"

Assembly Instructions{

1) Cleaning, gasket insertion, spigotmarking and lubrication of the joint

Remove the standard flex-ring withyellow metal segments from the socket, ifpresent. Place anassembly mark onthe spigot plain endlocated as shown inTable No. 9-3.Thoroughly cleanthe socket restrain-ing groove (nearestthe bell end), theFastite gasket recess, and the pipe plainend, removing dirt, sand, ice, mud, orany other material that could prevent theproper placement of the Field Flex-Ringor Fastite gasket. As in normal Fastitejoint assembly, insertthe gasket into thegasket socketgrooves, then lubri-cate the inside sur-face of the gasket.Important: AFastite gasket mustbe used as the FieldFlex-Ring does not perform any sealing

function. Lubricate the first four inches ofthe spigot, including the pipe end andbevel. Do not allow the spigot end of thepipe to touch the ground after it is lubri-cated.2) Placement of the Field Flex-Ringin socket

Remove the Field Flex-Ring withblack-toothed gripping segments from itscontainer and place it in the socket

r e s t r a i n i n ggroove (near-est to the bellend) in gas-ket-like fash-ion. The metalr e s t r a i n i n g

segments of the Field Flex-Ring should beoriented toward the entering spigot. Thismay be done by first placing the Field

Flex-Ring inthe groove atthe bottom ofthe socket, sothat the rub-ber backingring is f itted

flush against the radial surface of thesocket centering throat. The rubber ring

may then beworked intothe restraininggroove aroundthe sides ofthe socketuntil a loop is

formed at the top. At this time, the for-mation of a second smaller loop at thebottom of the socket will facilitate place-ment of the first looped section into the

Spigot Assembly Stripe Location

14-16 71⁄4"18-20 81⁄16"24 813⁄16"

30-36 91⁄2"

Pipe Sizein.

Location of Stripefrom spigot end

Table No. 9-3

9-18

top of the socket restraining groove. It isoften easier to properly insert the top loopof the Field Flex-Ring by pushing it axiallyinto the socket after it has been allowed toprotrude beyond the face of the bell. Thesecond smaller loop may then be pushedradially outward into the restraining groove.

Any bulges present in the rubber back-ing ring after it is placed in the socketshould be removed. This may normally bedone by simply pushing the protruding rub-ber radially outward. Some bulges may

require forming asmall loop in thering opposite thebulge. The ringmay then beallowed to slidecircumferentiallyaround the sockettoward the loop,thus relieving rub-ber compression inthe bulging area.

Make surethat the angledbearing surface ofthe segments are

secure against the socket, and the toothedside of the segments are facing inward. Thisshould be done by examining and pushingeach segment toward the back of the sock-et until the rubber backing ring is firmly inplace against the socket centering throat.3) Initial placement of beveled plainend into socket

With the spigot in reasonably straightalignment and centered within the FieldFlex-Ring, insert the spigot until it contactsthe back of the socket per normal Fastitejoint assembly procedure. Joint deflectionmay be taken immediately after assembly.

Verify correct posi-tion of the lockingsegments in the fullyassembled joint.(Note: The completeinsertion of a factory-supplied spigot stripeon a Fastite pipe intothe deeper Flex-Ringsocket does not indicate full assembly. Theuse of a field-applied assembly mark is rec-ommended.)4) Field-cut pipe

A) Selecting pipe: When possible, anappropriate pipe to be field cut should beselected before it is required. This may bedone by measuring the outside diameter orcircumference of the pipe at the location tobe cut. The measured diameter or circum-ference of the candidate pipe should bewithin the ranges shown in Table No. 9-4.In 18” and larger sizes, the ordering anduse of a few select pipes that have beengauged full length at the factory should beconsidered when field cuts are anticipated.

B) Preparing pipe end when making afield cut:

The cut end must be properly preparedprior to assembly. The pipe should be cut assquare as possible with the pipe axis and

beveled on theoutside extremeend after cutting.A portable grindershould be used tomake a bevel3/8” to 5/8”long at an angleof 30-40° withthe axis of the

pipe. All sharp corners or rough edges thatmight damage or dislodge the Fastite gasket

14 15.22 15.35 4713⁄16 487⁄3216 17.32 17.45 5413⁄32 5413⁄1618 19.42 19.55 61 6113⁄3220 21.52 21.65 6719⁄32 6824 25.72 25.85 8013⁄16 817⁄3230 31.94 32.08 10011⁄32 10025⁄3236 38.24 38.38 1201⁄8 1209⁄16

Pipe Sizein. Min. in. Min. in.Max. in. Max. in.

Diameters Circumference

Table No. 9-4 Recommended Spigot Diameters at Pipe Field-Cut Locations

9-19

or Field Flex-Ring should be removed fromthe beveled pipe end.

C) Rounding Clip Set:Rounding clips* are available from

AMERICAN and are helpful when making ajoint using an out-of-round field-cut end.These clips may be readily attached to a

Flex-Ring bellcontaining aField Flex-Ringto quickly andeasily round apipe spigot dur-ing insertionassembly. Whenusing roundingclips with a

severely oval field-cut pipe, they may beplaced at the 12:30, 5:30, 6:30, and 11:30o’clock** positions. The spigot should thenbe oriented with the maximum diameter ina vertical position and, while in reasonablystraight alignment, centered within the fun-nel formed by the rounding clips. The spigotwill then be automatically rounded wheninserted into the socket. The rounding clipsshould then be removed after assembly andreused as needed.

* U.S. Patent No. 5,426,842** Due to actual field conditions and

pipe shape, adjustment of rounding cliplocations may be needed.5) Assembly of fittings

Flex-Ring pipe and fitting joints usingField Flex-Rings can be assembled with thesame tools and methods used for manyyears with Fastite joints. When using a field-cut pipe to locate a fitting, it may be advan-tageous to use a standard Flex-Ring spigotwith a factory weld bead and a standardflex-ring with yellow metal segments in thefitting rather than pipe socket. A Field Flex-Ring with black-toothed gripping segmentsand cut pipe plain end may then be used inthe nearest pipe socket on either side of thefitting. When possible, the use of a standardflex-ring and a factory spigot with weldbead in the sockets of a cumbersome fittingmay allow easier orientation or rotation ofthe fitting relative to the pipe after assem-bly. The use of a pipe socket with a FieldFlex-Ring may also facilitate easier align-ment of the joint during insertion assembly

and installation. (See Section 4 for additionaldetail on the assembly of Fastitefittings.)6) Deflection

Flex-Ring joints using Field Flex-Ringshave an allowable deflection equal to thoseof standard Flex-Ring joints (Table No. 9-2).Deflection may be taken immediately afterfull insertion of the spigot into the socket.7) Joint extension after installation

The Field Flex-Ring locking mechanismis activated by relative movement betweenthe socket and spigot. This allows for move-ment, joint take-up and substantial flexibilityafter installation. The joints may be extend-ed after assembly to minimize joint take-upin test or service conditions. This may beaccomplished by pulling or jacking the spig-ot away from the socket until firm resistanceis encountered. This will not limit jointdeflection.

In vertical applications, such asexposed risers, standard (weld bead)Flex-Ring joints that also should be effec-tively extended and braced in originalinstallation are recommended instead ofField Flex-Rings.

In most underground installations(including most restrained bend locations),joint take-up is advantageous in thatincreased thrust-resisting forces are generat-ed. Also, expansion and contraction due totemperature variations may be accommo-dated without excessive stress in pipe members. The amount of joint take-up orline movement in buried restrained pipelinesis substantially limited by the surroundingsoil. Therefore, system security and safety is maximized by filling and testing restrainedsections of pipelines after backfilling as recommended by ANSI/AWWA C600,Installation of Ductile Iron Water Mains andTheir Appurtenances and AWWA M41.

In any application where axial or later-al movement may be undesirable, such ascertain bridge crossings, certain exposed orunburied piping applications, or certainconnections of restrained pipe sections torigid piping, special provisions, includingeffective joint extensions, may be neces-sary to control unacceptable pipelinemovement. Depending on job conditionsand restrained pipe length, cumulative joint

9-20

take-up can be substantial, particularlyin exposed piping applications.8) Disassembly instructions

Flex-Ring joints containing Field Flex-Rings may normally be disassembled ifrequired. Field Flex-Ring disassembly kits,consisting of a shim holder and high-strength disassembly shims, are availablefrom AMERICAN. (Use Fast-Grip disassem-bly kits for the 14”-16” sizes.) In somecases, due to the time and effort involvedfor disassembly of these joints, it may bepreferable to disassemble the pipeline atthe nearest standard Flex-Ring (using astandard flex-ring and spigot weld bead) orother joint. In this manner, the Field Flex-Ring-joined pipes and/or fittings can beremoved as a unit.

If joint disassembly is required, a disas-sembly kit should be used in accordancewith the procedure below to separate aFlex-Ring joint containing a Field Flex-Ring.Disassembly Procedure:A) If the joint has been subjected to sepa-

rating thrust, move-ment, or joint deflec-tion, first push thespigot back into therear of the socket soas to “unwedge” therestraining segments.B) Using gloves toprotect hands from

sharp edges, insert the long end of a disas-sembly shim fully into the groove in theshim holder. Two lengths of shims are sup-plied with the 18"-36" disassembly kit forcustomer convenience. The shorter shimsmay often be easier to use in some hard-to-reach locations such as the bottom of ajoint, or when a small gap exists betweenthe longer shims.

C) Carefully drivea disassembly shimbetween the grip-ping teeth of thesegments and thespigot with a ham-mer. Lifting or off-setting of the spig-ot relative to the

socket (to relieve metal-to-metal contact)may be required to insert some shims. It issometimes easier to start a shim under theteeth if the holder is initially placed nearone end of the shim (off center) so thatone corner of the shim is inserted first. Theholder may then be slid along the shim tostart the middle, while the other end of theshim is placed under the teeth.D) When properly in place, the end of theshim should be visible 1/4” to 3/4” outsidethe socket for the 14”-16” sizes and 11/2” to 2” for the 18”-36” sizes. Removethe holder from the shim and progressivelyplace other shims around the joint. It isoften easier to drive a shim under the teethif the edge of one shim is initially inserted1/8" to 1/4" under the previously placedshim. Shims should be in contact with oneanother to ensure all teeth are disengagedfrom the spigot. Overlapping of someshims may be required to dislodge all teeth.

E) After all shimsare inserted, placea reference markon the spigot evenwith the exposedend of the shims.Pull, jack, ordeflect the spigotout from the sock-et. After the spigot

has been pulled from the socket approxi-mately 1 1/2” to 2”, check the positioningof each shim. Any shim found to havebeen pulled out of the socket 1/2" or morefrom its original position should be tappedback into the socket. The procedure ofpulling the spigot out of the socket 1 1/2"to 2" and adjusting the shim positioningmay have to be repeated several timesbefore the joint is completely disassembled.NOTE: The measured distance betweenthe reference mark on the pulled-out spig-ot and the exposed edge of the shims(when shims are fully in place inside thesocket) is indicative of the length of spigotremoved from the socket. A very tight jointmay have to be separated by cutting thepipe with a pipe saw or oxyacetylene torch.

9-21

The AMERICAN Lok-Ring® Joint isanother restrained joint that utilizes thesealing features of the time-proven AMER-ICAN Fastite Joint. It is an essentially bolt-less, flexible restrained connection thatprovides an easily assembled positiverestraint against endwise separation due tothrust resulting from internal pressure orexternal forces. Only a minimal amount oftime is required to complete the Lok-Ringassembly, or disassembly if necessary.

The patented* AMERICAN Lok-Ring®

Joint is designed for working pressures upto 250 psi for sizes 54" through 64". Itcan be used with any lesser pressure classof ductile iron pipe with the maximumoperating pressure rating of the joint limit-ed in such cases to that of the pipe. Analloy steel welded-on retainer ring and asplit lok-ring, assembled behind theretainer ring, provide the means ofrestraint. The split lok-ring is held “snug”against the pipe O.D. for assembly of theAMERICAN Fastite portion of the joint.After the plain end of the pipe is assem-bled into the Lok-Ring bell, the lok-ring isreleased, permitting it to expand. The lok-ring is thus securely positioned behind thewelded-on retainer ring and in the socketlocking groove on the I.D. of the Lok-Ringbell. This locks the joint.

The joint can be easily disassembled ifthe need arises, using the closure-spreadermechanism provided for this purpose.

The lok-ring, welded retainer ringand all parts of the closure-spreadermechanism are all constructed of corro-sion-resistant, high-strength, low-alloy

(HSLA) steel. This is the same type steelspecified for bolting material perANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11. The alloysteel of the lok-ring and the weldedretainer ring is also the same material thathas been used successfully in severalAMERICAN restrained joint constructionsfor approximately 40 years. The weld isaluminum bronze (also as was used in theLok-Fast Joint), and both the weld andring are cathodic to, and thus protectedby, the greater area of the ductile ironpipe. Welding is performed using weldersqualified to produce high-quality, depend-able welds.

Standard Fastite gaskets and lubricantare used with the AMERICAN Lok-Ring®

Joint. (See Section 2 for gasket com-pounds.) AMERICAN recommends under-water lubricant where the joint is to beassembled in very wet conditions or underwater.

The AMERICAN Lok-Ring® Joint isdesigned to permit deflection in order tofacilitate installation and accommodatesettlement. It may be safely deflectedafter assembly to the limits shown inTable No. 9-7. These deflection valueshave proven adequate for thousands ofLok-Ring joints furnished over the pastseveral years and exceed the deflectioncapabilities of many types of restrainedjoints that have performed successfully formany years in buried service. It is notedthat rotation of the lok-ring under greatloads helps to distribute the forces sub-stantially around and between the belland spigot members.

AMERICAN Ductile IronLok-Ring® Joint Pipe

Centrifugally Cast for Water, Sewage, or Other Liquids54”-64”

* U.S. Patents 4,428,604 and 4,524,505.

9-22

AMERICAN Lok-Ring® Pipe is ductileiron, grade 60-42-10, manufactured andtested in accordance with AWWA C151.It is normally furnished standard asphalticcoated outside and cement lined in accor-dance with AWWA C104. When speci-fied, other special coatings or linings canbe furnished as described in Section 11.

A full complement of AMERICAN

Lok-Ring ductile iron fittings is available.These fittings are available in both bell-bell and bell-plain end configurations forinstallation versatility and economy. Lok-Ring fittings meet applicable requirementsof ANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53 and arepressure rated for at least 250 psi in mostconfigurations. Check AMERICAN if high-er pressure is required. See Section 4.

AMERICAN Ductile IronLok-Ring® Joint Pipe

Centrifugally Cast for Water, Sewage, or Other Liquids

3 1/2"

F

A B

C

Table No. 9-5

54 250 20 57.56 10.07 6.38 62.14 3⁄4" x 11⁄4" 3⁄4" sq.60 250 20 61.61 10.57 6.38 66.27 3⁄4" x 11⁄4" 3⁄4" x 11⁄4"64 250 20 65.67 10.57 6.38 70.45 3⁄4" x 11⁄4" 3⁄4" x 11⁄4"

Sizein.

WorkingPressure*

psi

NominalLayingLength†

ft.

AOutsideDiameter

in.

BSocketDepthin.

CPlain End toRetaining

Ringin.

FBell

O.D.††in.

RetainerRing Lok-Ring

Standard Dimensions

*Working pressure is the maximum pressure rating of the joint and is based on its capability to resist thrust due tointernal pressure. If higher working pressure is required, check AMERICAN.

†Laying length is nominal 20 feet. Where exact lengths are required, contact AMERICAN. (See minimum layinglengths in Table No. 9-6.)

††Dimensions subject to change at our option. Check AMERICAN if smaller or exact dimensions are required.Note that the struts may protrude slightly above the bell in one spot; contact AMERICAN if this may be critical to theapplication.

9-23

AMERICAN Ductile Iron Lok-Ring® Joint Pipe

Minimum Laying Lengths

Allowable Joint Deflection

54 2'-0" 2'-6"60 2'-6" 3'-0"64 2'-6" 3'-0"

Sizein.

Lok-Ring&

Lok-Ring End

Lok-Ring End&

Lok-Ring End

XY

Table No. 9-7

54 20 2 11⁄2°60 20 2 11⁄2°64 20 2 11⁄2°

Sizein.

NominalLayingLengthft.

YDeflectionAngle

XOffset*per

Lengthin.

Table No. 9-6

Maximum Recommended Deflection

*Offset distances are based on 20' lengths of pipe.

9-24

AMERICAN Lok-Ring® Joint

Assembly Instructions

Thoroughly clean thesocket locking groove as wellas the Fastite gasket recessand pipe plain end, being sureto remove any mud, gravel, orany other foreign matter.Insert standard Fastite gasketand lubricate the joint compo-nents in accordance with stan-dard Fastite assembly instruc-tions and, with pipe in essen-tially straight alignment,assemble the plain end intothe Lok-Ring bell. (Photos 1 &2.) Assembly tools shown inPhoto 2 are available fromAMERICAN on a rental basisfor installers not electingassembly with a backhoe orother like equipment.

Once the spigot is com-pletely inserted as evidencedby the spigot stripe disappear-ing into the bell (the orienta-tion of the spigot stripe in rela-tionship to the bell face is anindication of pipe alignment),loosen the outside stud closurenuts fully to the end of thestud to allow the lok-ring tospring outward and into thesocket locking groove.* In lieuof the outside stud closure nutprovided for this purpose,some installers prefer to installa “quick release” lockingclamp or grip device before-hand (e.g., “outside thetrench”) and back the outsideclosure nut out of the way forvery rapid assembly. (Photo3.) The correct seating** ofthe lok-ring in the socket lock-ing groove should be accom-panied by an obvious spread-ing of the lok-ring struts. If

inspection around the jointreveals that the lok-ring is notcompletely seated in the annu-lar socket locking groove atany location, the lok-ring maybe completely seated by tap-ping the loose lok-ring into thesocket locking groove with aflat caulking tool and/or bymoving the entering pipeslightly. When a visual inspec-tion to determine the lok-ringposition is not practical, suchas in an underwater installa-tion, a feeler gauge can beused to ensure that the lok-ring is correctly seated in thesocket locking groove allaround the joint. (Photo 4.)

Once the lok-ring is cor-rectly seated in the socketlocking groove, turn the insidestud spreader nuts out firmlyagainst the struts (Photo 5.) asshown to ensure firm contactof the lok-ring in the socketlocking groove. During thelok-ring spreading operation,the outside stud closure nutsshould be positioned so asnot to restrict the outwardmovement of the drilledstruts on the stud. (The out-side stud closure nuts performno function in the finishedjoint; however, these closurenuts can be used to effect sim-ple disassembly of the joint, ifrequired, by reversing theassembly procedure outlinedabove.) Once the insidespreader nuts are properlypositioned, the lok-ring is posi-tively secured in the socketlocking groove.

*Note: The lok-ring is normally shipped in position on the pipe plain end behind the welded-on retainer ring. Seepage 9-25 if field assembly of lok-ring is required.

**Note: It is imperative that the installer verify that the lok-ring is seated outward in the socket lock-ing groove completely around each joint. Lok-rings are painted yellow to visually aid in this verification.

1

2

3

4

5

9-25

FIELD ASSEMBLY OF LOK-RING

Should it be necessary to place the lok-ring on the pipe spigot in the field, unscrewand remove one outside stud closure nut topermit the lok-ring to be spread and posi-tioned on the plain end of the pipe behindthe welded-on retainer ring.

To complete field placing of the lok-ring on the pipe, reassemble the outsidestud closure nut and tighten both outsidestud closure nuts to pull lok-ring substantial-ly flush against the pipe barrel and immedi-ately behind the welded-on retainer ring.

Lok-Ring in Positionfor Joint Assembly

Assembled Lok-Ring Joint

NOTE: The AMERICAN Lok-RingJoint allows for joint take-up after installa-tion. In most underground installations,including most restrained bend locations,this feature is advantageous in thatincreased thrust-resisting soil forces aregenerated. Also, expansion and contrac-tion due to temperature variations may beaccommodated without excessive stress inthe pipe members.In any application where axial or

lateral movement may be undesir-able, such as certain bridge cross-ings, certain other exposed orunburied piping applications, or cer-

tain connections of restrained pipesections to rigid piping, specialdesign or installation provisions,including effective joint extension,may be necessary to control anyunacceptable pipeline movement.Depending on job conditions andrestrained pipe length, cumulative jointtake-up can be substantial, particularly inexposed or unburied piping applications.In this regard, joints may be extendedafter assembly to minimize further jointtake-up in test or service.

The amount of joint take-up or linemovement in buried restrained pipelines is

“Backwards” installation. AMERICANdoes not recommend “backward laying”(bells assembled over spigots, rather thanspigots inserted into bells as pictured inthis literature) of large-diameter ductileiron pipe in buried installations. AMERI-CAN can furnish bell and plain end fittingsto minimize the need for backward pipe

laying. Other devices such as sleeves andcouplings may also be employed for thisreason. However, if this condition cannotbe avoided, we strongly recommend thatinstallers contact AMERICAN for instruc-tions on how to reduce the potential forproblems that could occur when assem-bling pipe in this manner.

9-26

AMERICAN Ductile IronMJ Coupled Joint Pipe

The MJ Coupled Joint offers amethod of providing joint restraint with astandard Mechanical Joint socket of apipe, fitting, valve, or other product. It isavailable in sizes 4"-12" with a pressurerating of 350 psi and deflection capabilityup to 21⁄2°, and in 14"-48" with a pressurerating of 250 psi intended for installationin essentially straight alignment. CheckAMERICAN if larger sizes or greaterdeflections are desired. The MJ CoupledJoint is commonly used as a method ofjoint restraint for Mechanical Joint all bellfittings and valves.

The joint material consists of a stan-dard MJ gasket and a standard ductileiron joint gland. The restraint gland* isductile iron and is assembled on the pipe

behind a welded-on 1⁄2" square alloy steelretaining ring. Coupling nuts, studs, tee-head bolts and nuts, and retaining ringare all alloy steel. Tee-head bolts are spe-cial-length bolts.

* The restraint gland for 30"-48" sizes is a sub-stantially rectangular cross-section ductile irongland.

Note: It is sometimes possible to provide forfield-cutting and positive, even “drop-in” field-adaptable restraint in restrained piping areas byusing modified MJ Coupled joints where the weldring and restraint gland are intentionally movedfarther away from the joint, and the standard shortstuds of the joint are replaced by longer threadedrods in the field. Threaded rods, of course, canalso be cut to suit in the field. Similar effect canalso be accomplished utilizing standard fabricat-ed, stuffing-box couplings and similarly modified“Coupling Gland Ends” (see pg 9-28). ContactAMERICAN for additional information on this.

Assembly Instructions

1. Assemble the Mechanical Jointaccording to standard MJ joint procedureswith the pipe and/or fitting in essentiallystraight alignment. Note that the bolts forthis joint are not standard length; special-length bolts are furnished for this joint byAMERICAN. Where tapped holes areencountered in fittings or in valves, usestuds of the same special length as speci-fied for the THHN Bolts.

2. Thread the coupling nuts onto thetee-head bolts and hand tighten againstthe hex nuts. Install short, threaded endof studs into the coupling nuts.

3. Slide the gland into position andinstall outer hex nuts. (Note: If deflectionis desired, it should be taken at this pointprior to tightening the outer hex nuts.)Tighten to 20 ft-lb in order to draw glandsubstantially against welded-on ring onpipe. Joint is now complete.

substantially limited by the surroundingsoil. Therefore, system security and safetyis maximized by fi l l ing and testingrestrained sections of pipelines after

backfil l ing as recommended byANSI/AWWA C600, Instal lation of Ducti le Iron Water Mains and TheirAppurtenances and AWWA M41.

9-27

AMERICAN Ductile IronMJ Coupled Joint

Dimensions

K A2 C

B

D

Table No. 9-8

Table No. 9-9

1⁄24 4.80 2.50 6.34 9.12 4 3⁄4 x 41⁄2 3⁄4 x 31⁄2 2'-3"1⁄26 6.90 2.50 6.50 11.12 6 3⁄4 x 41⁄2 3⁄4 x 31⁄2 2'-3"1⁄28 9.05 2.50 6.64 13.37 6 3⁄4 x 41⁄2 3⁄4 x 31⁄2 2'-3"10 11.10 2.50 6.71 15.69 8 3⁄4 x 41⁄2 3⁄4 x 31⁄2 2'-3"12 13.20 2.50 6.77 17.94 8 3⁄4 x 41⁄2 3⁄4 x 31⁄2 2'-3"

Sizein.

AOutsideDiameter

in.

BSocketDepthin.

CPlainEnd toGlandin.

K2GlandO.D.in.

Boltsor

StudsNo.

Tee-HeadBoltin.

Studin.

MJCJE &MJCJEMinimumLayingLength(ft.)

Sizein.

AOutsideDiameter

in.

BSocketDepthin.

CPlainEnd toGlandin.

K2GlandO.D.in.

Boltsor

StudsNo.

Tee-HeadBoltin.

Studin.

MJCJE &MJCJEMinimumLayingLength(ft.)

4"-24"

30"-48"

D

B

CAK2

14 15.30 3.50 8.88 20.31 10 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 3⁄4 x 5 2'-9"16 17.40 3.50 8.88 22.56 12 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 3⁄4 x 5 2'-9"18 19.50 3.50 8.88 24.83 12 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 3'-0"20 21.60 3.50 8.88 27.08 14 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 3'-0"24 25.80 3.50 8.88 31.58 16 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 13⁄4 x 51⁄2 3'-0"

30 32.00 4.00 10.88 39.12 20 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 11⁄2 x 61⁄2 3'-6"36 38.30 4.00 10.88 46.00 24 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 11⁄4 x 61⁄2 3'-6"42 44.50 4.00 11.63 53.12 28 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 4'-0"48 50.80 4.00 11.63 60.00 32 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 11⁄4 x 71⁄2 4'-0"

9-28

*If limited flexibility or expan

sion

/con

trac

tion ca

pab

ilities are important in th

eap

plication.

Cou

pling gland

end

s (CGE) are provided

as a metho

d of restraining

across

coup

lings. Restraining

gland

s ca

n be furnishe

d of steel or duc

tile iron at man

u-facturer’s option.

Alloy stee

l rod

s are furnishe

d and

the nu

mber of rod

s furnishe

d fo

r ea

chpipe size allows the joint to be rated at 2

50 psi water working

pressure.

The joint is designe

d to

allow “drop-in” installation. This mea

ns th

at, b

ased

on pop

ular sho

rt cou

pling leng

ths, th

e co

upling will normally clear th

e en

d of

the pipe if it is pushe

d all of th

e way to

the gland

on that piece

of p

ipe. Note:

AMERICAN doe

s no

t furnish th

e co

uplings used

with th

is joint; therefore, th

euser sho

uld che

ck cou

pling pressure rating, len

gth, a

nd diameter dimen

sion

sused

for ap

propriate clearan

ces to make sure th

ey are com

patible with th

e joint

before ordering.

AMERICAN Joints - Restrained

Coupling Gland Joint

Tabl

e N

o. 9

-10

49.00

11.50

4.80

1.00

17⁄8

9.88

13⁄4

1431

1 ⁄26

11.00

13.50

6.90

1.00

17⁄8

11.88

13⁄4

1431

1 ⁄28

13.06

15.63

9.05

1.00

17⁄8

13.94

13⁄4

1431

1 ⁄210

15.81

18.37

11.10

1.00

17⁄8

16.69

13⁄4

1431

1 ⁄212

18.06

20.63

13.20

1.00

17⁄8

18.94

13⁄4

1631

1 ⁄214

19.31

23.00

15.30

1.50

17⁄8

21.32

13⁄4

1031

1 ⁄216

21.38

24.63

17.40

2.00

17⁄8

23.01

13⁄4

1231

1 ⁄218

23.50

27.00

19.50

2.00

17⁄8

25.38

13⁄4

1231

1 ⁄220

25.63

29.13

21.60

2.00

17⁄8

27.51

13⁄4

1431

1 ⁄224

29.19

33.38

25.80

2.00

17⁄8

31.69

13⁄4

1631

1 ⁄230

37.00

40.11

32.00

2.25

11⁄8

38.25

13⁄4

2039

1 ⁄236

43.31

46.30

38.30

2.44

11⁄8

44.56

13⁄4

2439

1 ⁄242

49.50

53.12

44.50

2.62

13⁄8

51.00

11⁄4

2841

1 ⁄248

55.81

60.00

50.80

2.81

13⁄8

57.50

11⁄4

3241

1 ⁄254

62.57

66.88

57.56

3.00

13⁄8

64.38

11⁄4

3641

1 ⁄260

66.41

73.00

61.61

3.12

13⁄4

69.25

11⁄2

2642

1 ⁄264

70.47

80.00

65.67

3.38

13⁄4

76.00

11⁄2

2642

1 ⁄2

A in.

BMaximum

in.

C in.

DPipe O.D.

in.

E in.

FB.H. Dia.

in.

GB.C.

in.

HTie Rod ø

in.

JNo. Rods

Tie Rod

Length

in.

*

9-29

Thrust Collars

*Dimensions and weights of thrust collars furnished by AMERICAN but manufactured by others may vary fromthose shown in Table 9-11.

**These values are based on dead-end thrust due to 250 psi internal pressure. For higher allowable loads orpressures, check AMERICAN.

Thrust collars may be specified on ductile iron pipe with minimum pressure classes.Thrust collars will be fabricated from steel.

One method of restraining a pipelineis to provide a welded-on thrust collar orother dependable anchorage means onone or both sides of the point requiringrestraint and to use concrete pouredaround the collar for support againstundisturbed soil surrounding the pipe.

At a bend, the fitting and pipe endswould have to be of a restrained type,adequate to withstand total thrustinvolved. The required number of thrustcollars would be dependent on the mag-

nitude of the thrust force to be restrainedand the allowable load per collar.

Thrust collars are also used in lieu ofwater stops on fabricated wall pipe forinstallation in load-bearing walls to resistthrust caused by internal pressure.

The allowable load per standard col-lar for the various sizes of pipe is tabulat-ed below.

Contact AMERICAN when greaterloads are involved.aaa aa aa aa aa a aaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a aaaaaaaaaaa a a a aaaaaaaa a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa aa a aaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a aaaaaaaaaaa a a a aaaaaaaa a a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaRestrained Bend

Thrust Collars

Concrete Thrust

Blocks

Push-on Joints

Thrust Collar Blocking ArrangementTable No. 9-11

PipeSizein.

Collar O.D.*in.

CollarThickness*

in.

Weightof Collar*

lbs

AllowableLoad

Per Collar**lbs

4 6.80 .25 1 4,5006 8.90 .25 2 9,3008 11.05 .25 2 16,00010 13.10 .25 3 24,00012 15.20 .25 3 34,00014 17.30 .25 5 46,00016 19.40 .25 6 59,00018 22.50 .38 15 75,00020 24.60 .38 11 92,00024 28.80 .38 13 130,00030 36.00 .50 29 200,00036 42.30 .50 35 290,00042 50.75 .75 98 390,00048 57.05 .75 111 510,00054 66.06 1.00 231 650,00060 70.11 1.00 246 745,00064 74.17 1.00 261 847,000

9-30

Table No. 9-12

14 14.74 14.86 11429⁄32 11529⁄3216 16.84 16.96 1211⁄22 12127⁄8218 18.99 19.11 12821⁄42 12825⁄8210 11.04 11.17 13411⁄16 13523⁄3212 13.14 13.26 14129⁄32 14121⁄3214 15.22 15.35 14713⁄16 14827⁄3216 17.32 17.45 15413⁄32 15413⁄1618 19.42 19.55 16121⁄32 16113⁄3220 21.52 21.65 16719⁄32 16821⁄3224 25.72 25.85 18013⁄16 18127⁄3230 31.94 32.08 10011⁄32 10025⁄3236 38.24 38.38 12021⁄82 12029⁄1642 44.44 44.58 13925⁄82 14021⁄1648 50.74 50.88 15913⁄32 15927⁄3254 57.46 57.60 18017⁄32 18031⁄3260 61.51 61.65 19321⁄42 19311⁄1664 65.57 65.71 20613⁄32 20627⁄16

NominalPipeSizein.

Min. PipeDia.in.

Min. PipeCircumference

in.

Max. PipeDia.in.

Max. PipeCircumference

in.

Above table based on ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 guidelines for push-on joints.*54" dimensions based on nominal O.D. of 57.56". If existing 57.10" O.D. pipe is being field-fabricated, dimensions must beadjusted accordingly and proper ring material must be used. Check AMERICAN for details.

Caution should be taken when taking on any field pipe modification or repair operations, etc., that mightinvolve or include an ignition source, (i.e., grinding, cutting or welding, etc., on pipe fittings or valves). Allapplicable safety codes, precautions and procedures should be followed; including making sure the workatmosphere is safe for such operation.

AMERICAN Restrained Ductile Iron Pipe Joints

Field Welding Instructions

Suitable Pipe Diameters for Field Cutsand Restrained Joint Field Fabrication

In most instances, careful planningand/or measuring ahead to positionrequired field cuts in unrestrained sectionsof a pipeline can eliminate the need forany field-fabricated restrained joints. Also,it is generally and technically preferable inmost 4"-36" restrained joint areas torestrain field-cut joints where possible withFast-Grip gaskets or Field Flex-Rings whichdo not require field welding. In somecases, however, unforeseen circumstancesmay make it impossible to plan ahead, andat such times AMERICAN offers the fol-lowing procedure whereby ductile iron oralloy steel rings can be field welded ontothe barrels of ductile iron pipe to be usedin restrained joint applications. All opera-tions required for field welding shouldnever begin until the area where thewelding will be performed has beenappropriately checked for any potentially

hazardous conditions per standardindustry practice and/or as requiredby local, state, OSHA or any otherfederal requirements.

When these procedures are followedby welders skilled in the art, strong,dependable restrained joints should beproduced. In presenting this procedure,American Cast Iron Pipe Companyassumes no responsibility for the perfor-mance of field-welded pipe joints orpipe systems.WELDING EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Welds should be applied using a D.C.arc welder and appropriate welding elec-trodes or wire. Welding should be accom-plished using reverse polarity and amper-age ranges recommended by the elec-trode or wire manufacturer, with appro-priate operator adjustment for the actualwelding conditions on ductile iron pipe.

9-31

The weld electrodes or wire used todeposit the required amount of fillet weldshould be in conformance with Class des-ignations AWS A5.15 Class ENiFeT3-CI,or AWS A5.6 (ASME SFA 5.6) Class CuA1-A2. These electrodes shall be capableof producing suitable welds without pre-heating or postheating of the pipe andring. A recommended semi-automaticwelding wire, with appropriate weld spec-ifications, is as follows:

Stoody® Castweld Ni 55-0/S/G,3/32” diameter, D.C., reverse polarity(electrode positive), 325-400 amps.

PROCEDURE USING WELDING FIX-TURES AND HAND-HELD ELECTRODES

This procedure is intended to beused for manual welding. Contact AMER-ICAN when semi-automatic welding set-ups are desirable.

1. Measure the candidate pipe diam-eter (or circumference) at the desiredlocation of the cut to confirm the dimen-sions. The allowable pipe diameter andcircumference should fall in the ranges asshown in Table 9-12. Any cut pipe withsubstantial out-of-roundness should betemporarily rounded with a mechanicaljack and shaped timbers, then braced inthe rounded shape for this field weldingprocedure. The rounding timber or braceshould normally be left in place inside thepipe until after complete joint assembly inthe field, at which time it should beremoved for service.

2. Cut the pipe at the desired loca-tion and bevel the cut end for joint

assembly. (See Section 3.) It is imperativethat field cuts for restrained joint weldingbe smooth, regular, and as square as pos-sible with the axis of the pipe, inasmuchas the cut end is usually used as a refer-ence plane to position the welded ringsfrom the end of the pipe.

3. Clean and grind the weld locationon the pipe to bright metal (Photo 1)prior to positioning the ring. Asphalticcoating in the weld area should beremoved with a torch or with a solventwash prior to grinding. Also, the corre-sponding edge of the ring to be weldedshould be cleaned and ground to brightmetal. Loose locking rings or glands (ifrequired for the particular joint configu-ration) should be placed on the pipe bar-rel beyond the weld ring location at thispoint. (See illustrations on the next pageand Photo 2.)

4. Clamp the joint weld ring securelyon the pipe in the correct location. (SeeTable 9-13.) This may be accomplishedusing a special welding fixture (Photo 3).An example of a recommended ring weld-ing fixture available from AMERICAN isshown in Figure 9-1. If clamping devicesnot furnished by AMERICAN are utilizedfor the ring-clamp operation, they should

AMERICAN Restrained Ductile Iron Pipe JointsField Welding Instructions—Continued

Fig. 9-1Circular Welding Fixture

1 2 3

9-32

AMERICAN Restrained Ductile Iron Pipe JointsField Welding Instructions—Continued

4 5 6

be capable of holding the ring securely inthe proper position and straight on thepipe until all weld is applied.

NOTE: If clamps are used, careshould be taken to cushion the clampswhere they bear on the inside of the pipeto minimize damage to the pipe lining.The cement linings routinely supplied byAMERICAN are normally not adverselyaffected by the welding proceduresdescribed in this brochure. If significantcement lining damage occurs due to anycause, it should be patched in accordancewith recommended procedures as notedin Section 11. Contact AMERICAN forrequirements involving field welding ofpipes with special linings.

5. Weld the ring to the pipe with thefinal weld dimensions as shown in Table9-13. Appropriate flat or down-hand tech-niques for field welding ductile iron shouldbe used. In manual electrode welding,pipe welding rotators or rolling the pipeon timbers or rails is normally necessary tokeep the work flat or “downhand.” Forthe same reason, field welding ofrestrained ends should generally not bedone “in situ” (i.e., in the ditch, assem-bled), as the pipe cannot easily be rolledor rotated to keep the position “down-hand.” The use of short, overlapping weldpasses in manual welding will minimizeheat buildup, cracking, and thermal stress-es as the metal cools. Weld passes shouldbe thoroughly cleaned (peened) andinspected before cooling and prior to the

addition of adjoining passes. Also, theends of the adjoining passes should notcoincide but should be slightly overlappedbefore the arc is broken. The resultingweld fillet should be of a slightly convexshape and free of significant weld defects.Weld cracks, if they occur, should beground away and repaired with a weldoverlay.

When a recommended welding fixtureis utilized (Photo 4), start the weld at oneend of the ring and work continuously andprogressively through the other end.

After the entire ring has been fieldwelded to the pipe, weld the ring ends tothe pipe and weld in the small spaceremaining between the ring ends toensure proper weld height at the ringends.

6. Wire brush the weld and ring toremove all slag or weld spatter (Photo5). Particular care must be taken tobrush or chip away any weld spatterwhich may have accumulated on thepipe spigot which could interfere withproper gasket sealing or joint assembly.Any significant weld bead lumps or irreg-ularities which might interfere with prop-er joint assembly or performance shouldalso be removed.

7. Paint the ring, weld, and clean pipemetal area (Photo 6) with a smooth uni-form coat of asphaltic paint or masticwhich meets the requirements for ductileiron pipe outside coating perANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51.

9-33

AMERICAN Restrained Ductile Iron Pipe JointsField Welding of Restrained Joints

MJ Coupled Joint

Lok-Ring® Joint

Note: Sizes 30"-48" use rectangular cross-section spigot glands in lieu of ductile MJgland shown above.

Note: Contact AMERICAN for applications involving field welding of 14"-48" Flex-RingJoint.*

Flex-Ring® Joint4”-12”

A

B DC

EF

Table No. 9-13

14 5.84 .50 .20 1.4 3.80 .25 .19 .1 - - - -16 6.00 .50 .20 1.3 3.80 .25 .19 .2 - - - -18 6.14 .50 .20 1.6 3.92 .25 .19 .2 - - - -10 6.21 .50 .20 1.7 4.50 .25 .19 .3 - - - -12 6.27 .50 .20 1.8 4.50 .25 .19 .4 - - - -14 8.38 .50 .20 .9 4.63 .25 - - - - - -16 8.38 .50 .20 1.0 4.63 .25 - - - - - -18 8.38 .50 .20 1.1 5.25 .25 - - - - - -20 8.38 .50 .20 1.2 5.25 .25 - - - - - -24 8.38 .50 .20 1.3 5.38 .37 - - - - - -30 10.38 .75 .25 2.8 6.00 .50 - - - - - -36 10.38 .75 .25 3.4 6.00 .50 - - - - - -42 11.13 .75 .25 3.9 6.07 .50 - - - - - -48 11.13 .75 .25 4.5 7.38 .50 - - - - - -54 - - - - - - - - 6.38 .88 .30 4.560 - - - - - - - - 6.38 .88 .30 4.964 - - - - - - - - 6.38 .88 .30 5.3

Sizein. A

±1⁄8B±1⁄8

WeldHeightMin.

WeldHeightMin.

WeldHeight+1⁄8-0

WeldWeightlbs

WeldWeightlbs

WeldWeightlbs

C±1⁄8

D+3⁄16-0

E±1⁄16

F±1⁄8

Dimensions

Contact AMERICAN for alternative field welding considerations for 14"-48" Flex-Ring pipes.Dimensions are in inches.Note: Dimensions shown are for current AMERICAN products and are subject to change. Check AMERICAN for

field welding applications for connecting to existing piping.Note: For alternative preferred method of restraining field-cut ends in most 4"-30" Flex-Ring Joint

Systems, see pg. 9-2 “Fast-Grip® Gasket.”*Note: Field Flex-Rings are normally recommended in lieu of field welding for restraining field-cut

ends in 14"-36" Flex-Ring Joint Systems, see pg. 9-16 “Field Flex-Ring®.”

Flex-Ring Joint Lok-Ring JointMJ Coupled Joint

Flex-Ring® Joint14"-48"

D

C

9-34

In some installations of restrainedjoint pipe, it is desirable to pull-extend (ortake the ”slack“ or movement out of)installed restrained joints. In traditionalbackhoe or bulldozer push-on pipe assem-bly, it is most common for the installer topush-assemble the latest installed pipe intothe line. In applications where restrainedjoints are to be extended, however, andparticularly in some exposed lines, thepushing operation can unnecessarily dis-turb previously extended joints. In suchcases, some very simply designed rigging(using the same heavy equipment) canensure that only pulling loads are appliedto previously extended joints as new jointsare assembled. One such rigging method,utilizing a snatch block (with pulley andhook), a wire rope pulling cable, and apipe end hook is illustrated in the abovephotograph. Of course, a simple wire rope“choker cable” can be substituted for thechain around the pipe bell shown in theabove photograph.

Note: Care should be taken in suchoperations at connections of restrainedpiping to unrestrained piping. One shouldsecurely anchor the first restrained pipe

installed, so as not to unintentionally sepa-rate the last unrestrained (Fastite or MJ,etc.) joint installed. Also, care should beexercised to avoid damaging pipe (as bybeam loading to branch lines or laterals,etc.) in pulling operations.

AMERICAN manufactures 4" through12" Mechanical Joint Ductile Iron pipe inaccordance with AWWA C151 andAWWA C111 and Mechanical Joint fittingsup through 48" in accordance withAWWA C153, AWWA C110, and AWWAC111, as described therein. However,AMERICAN does not warrant the perfor-mance of third-party mechanical retainerglands or joints using third-party retainerglands, since the design, manufacturing,and installation methods are beyond ourcontrol. Furthermore, we do not recom-mend the use of retainer glands on minimum classes of ductile iron pipe.AMERICAN does manufacture a number of restrained joints such as Fast-Grip®, Flex-Ring®, Field Flex-Ring®, Lok-Ring®,Flex-Lok®, and other devices, where wewarrant the joint as well as the associatedpipe and fittings of our manufacture.

Restrained Joint Pipe Assembly Extension Procedure

AMERICAN reserves the right to modify or change designs, materials, specifications, or dimensions shown herein without prior notice.

This is an on-line edition of a section from the out-of-print 19th Edition of the AMERICAN Pipe Manual. References may be made in this section to

other sections of the AMERICAN Pipe Manual. Those other sections are also available at www.american-usa.com as an on-line reference.