American Revolution and the Young Republic

AP: 3,4,5

SOL VUS 4a-c

Colonial Society

• Patriarchal with lots of children

• Small farming, trade, and shipbuilding

• Indentured servants

• Holidays (Christmas disliked in New England)

The Great Awakening

Religious Revival• Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the hands of an angry

God” and George Whitfield

• “New Lights” – revival vs. traditional

• Unifying Experience shared by all Colonists

The French and Indian War

• France wanted control of Ohio Valley

• Washington successful at first, then pushed back

• Franklin’s Albany Plan• Braddock overcome at

Fort Duquesne• British pushed French out

of the Ohio River• Treaty of Paris 1763

New Immigrants• Squatters

• German migration from war, poverty, and religious persecution at home. (6% of Population)

• “Pennsylvania Dutch”

• Scottish Presbyterians migrated from high rent and economic depression

Who were the major preachers during the Great Awakening?

A. Langston Hughes and Nathaniel Hawthorne

B. George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards

C. Jonathan Edwards and Thomas Paine

D. William C. Bryant and Jonathan Edwards

E. Jonathan Edwards and Nathaniel Hawthorne

German immigrants accounted for roughly what percentage of the population in the 1770s?

A. 0-5%

B. 5-10%

C. 10-15%

D. 15-20%

E. 25-34%

Writs Of Assistance

• General search warrants to stop evasion of British mercantilist trade restrictions

• James Otis – contrary to natural law

• Lost the case in the Massachusetts court

The Stamp Act• Pressured by Grenville, Parliament passed this in 1765

• First direct tax

• Required purchased revenue stamps on all paper products

• “Taxation without representation is tyranny”

• Otis and Adams formed The Sons of Liberty

Declaratory Act• Passed when the Stamp Act

was repealed

• Claimed power to tax or make laws for the Americans “in all cases whatsoever”

• Americans were so overjoyed with the Stamp Act repeal they ignored how all the new rights they had fought for were now denied

• Colonies again proclaimed loyalty to Britain

Albany Plan• Proposed by Franklin• Congress of delegates

representing all colonies• Rejected by England

because it made the colonies too strong

• First political cartoon• Snake cut into pieces

would come to life if they were joined before sunset

Townshend Acts• Charles Townshend

convinced Parliament to allow him to tax the colonies

• Accused those against the Writs of Assistance and Quartering Act

• John Dickinson – “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania”

• Massachusetts Circular Letter

• Repealed, but tensions led to the “Boston Massacre”

Road To Revolution

• Colonists had gotten used to freedoms under Salutary Neglect

• After the 7 Years War, Britain tightened its grip

• Colonists were disgruntled over taxation without representation in Parliament as well as having to pay for their protection

• Colonists decided to become independent (Thomas Jefferson)

What was Ben Franklin’s idea to unite the colonies during the Seven Years War called?

A. Anaconda Plan

B. First Continental Congress

C. Second Continental Congress

D. Declaration of Independence

E. Albany Plan

Which act proclaimed that Parliament could “bind” the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

A. Stamp Act

B. Declaratory Act

C. Townshend Acts

D. Quartering Act

E. Sugar Act

Continental Congress

• Met in Philadelphia, from September 5th to October 26th, 1774

• Did not want independence

• Listed grievances and Declaration of Rights

• No Georgia representative

• Britain ignored claims and decided to “teach Americans a military lesson”

Declaration of Independence

• Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson, to write the document

• List of grievances against King George III

• Explained why colonies had the right to revolt

• July 4, 1776

Lexington and Concord

• Troops gathered in Massachusetts

• Gage sent to destroy a stockpile of arms in Concord

• Riders Paul Revere and William Dawes dispatched

• Minutemen

Bunker Hill

• Howe, Clinton, and Burgoyne to assist Gage in removing Americans from Breed’s Hill

• Americans pushed British back twice, then ran out of ammunition

• Bloodiest battle of the war• British victory, but they

gained little ground

The Second Continental Congress

• Two main factions of

New Englanders desiring independence

Middle colonies not ready to break from England (led by Dickinson)

Olive Branch Petition

Creation of the continental army

Thomas Paine, “Common Sense”

Washington Takes Command

• Defeated at Long Island, narrowly avoided being captured by Howe

• On Christmas Day, crossed the Delaware River to defeat Hessians

• France sent covert shipments to the Americans with the hope of seeing Britain defeated

“THE CONSTITUTION IS THE GUIDE WHICH I NEVER WILL ABANDON”

“IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO RIGHTLY GOVERN A NATION WITHOUT GOD AND THE BIBLE.”

Saratoga and Valley Forge

• Howe wanted to meet up with Burgoyne to cut off New England supplies

• British wanted to capture Philadelphia

• Washington holed up for the winter at Valley Forge

• Burgoyne forced to retreat to Canada and overtaken by an American army

• American victory convinced French to join the war

Yorktown

• Cornwallis (British) disobeyed Clinton and the southern strategy and moved in to attack Yorktown

• With aid of French fleet, Washington trapped Cornwallis

• Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, 1781

Treaty of Paris 1783

• Franklin, Adams, and Jay negotiated for America

• France and Spain were conspiring against American desires

• America made a separate treaty with Britain

Treaty of Paris 1783 Terms

• United States recognized as independent• Western boundary set at the Mississippi River• Southern boundary at the northern Florida boarder• Britain kept Canada but surrendered Florida to Spain• British creditors could collect debts from U.S.

citizens• Congress would recommend that states restore

confiscated loyalist property

Articles of Confederation

• First written Constitution of the U.S.• Unicameral legislature- one house• The authority of the executive and judicial branches

would remain with the individual states.• 9 out of 13 states were • needed to pass a law.• Unanimous vote by the• states was necessary to • amend the Articles.

Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation

• States had a lot of power under the AOC.

• Social Reform– New Jersey’s 1776 constitution allowed women to

vote (for a time) – Continental Congress of 1774 had called for the

abolition of slavery– Philadelphia Quakers founded the world’s first

antislavery society.

What could the Federal Government do under the AOC?

• Levy taxes

• Use the internet without surf control

• Make treaties

• Fish in British waters

• Hold raves

Who didn’t have a representative at the First Continental Congress?

A. Georgia

B. South Carolina

C. Rhode Island

D. Virginia

E. New Jersey

Which state allowed women to vote for a short time?

• Georgia

• South Carolina

• Rhode Island

• Virginia

• New Jersey

Discussion Questions

Were the Sons of Liberty terrorists or patriots?

Did Britain have a right to tax the colonies? What about the Proclamation of 1763?

What does “all men are created equal” mean?

Analyze the impact of immigrants on revolutionary sympathies in the colonies in the 1770’s.