+ All Categories
Home > Documents > American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American...

American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American...

Date post: 15-Aug-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 3 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
35
American Revolution
Transcript
Page 1: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

AmericanRevolution

Page 2: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

nEssentialQuestion:•WhatfactorscausedtheBritishtofailinwhatshouldhavebeenaneasycampaigntosubduetheAmericanrebels?

Page 3: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheDecisiontoFightForIndependence

Page 4: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

DecisionforIndependence•TheLexington&Concordskirmishwasthe1st ofaseriesofconflictsfrom1775to1776beforetheAmericancallforindependence:•FightingeruptedaroundBoston,NY,Charlestown,&Quebec

•The2nd ContinentalCongressmettoorganizeawarplan

•KingGeorgedeclaredthecolonistsin“openrebellion”

The Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) demonstrated that Americans were

willing to stand up to a pitched battle In early 1776, both Spain & France

began shipping war supplies to colonists Despite growing calls for independence,

the congress issued the Olive Branch Petition to King George in July 1775

King George rejected the Olive Branch Petition in August 1775

Page 5: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

BattleofBunkerHill(Breed’sHill);June17,1775With over 1,000 casualties, the British suffered their greatest losses of the Revolution at Bunker Hill“A few more such victories would have shortly

put an end to British dominion in America”—British General Henry Clinton

Page 6: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

DecisionforIndependence•By1776,the2nd ContinentalCongressservedasaninformalnationalgov’tforthecolonies

•Butthemajorityofcolonistswereundecidedaboutindependence

•ThomasPaine’sCommonSenseprovedtobethekeyfactorinconvincingAmericanstosupportcolonialindependence

Challenged “royal infallibility”Persuaded ordinary people to sever

ties with England & its “royal brute”

Page 7: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

By1776,colonialsentimenthad

changed

On June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee of

VA introduced a resolution to the

Continental Congress: “that these United

Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free

and independent States...”

After several days of debate, Congress

appointed a committee to draft a declaration of

independence

Page 8: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

DeclarationofIndependence(1776)

Committee to draft the Declaration: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, & Roger Sherman

Page 9: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

DecisionforIndependence•OnJuly2,1776,theContinentalCongressvotedforindependence

•OnJuly4,theDeclarationofIndependence wassigned;TheDeclaration’spurposewasto:• JustifytheAmericans’desiretoseparatefromEngland

•Articulatetheprinciplesonwhichthenewnationwouldbeestablished

Democratic ideals (republicanism)Natural rights & individual liberty

Page 10: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

IndependenceHallattheSecondContinentalCongress

The Declaration of Independence was NOT signed like this!

Page 11: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheDecisionforIndependencenThecolonistsweredividedaboutthisdecisionforindependence:•Supportersofindependencewerecalled“Patriots”or“Whigs”

•Coloniststhatopposedindependencewerecalled“Loyalists”or“Tories”

•Thereweremany“neutral”colonistswhowereconflictedbytheprospectofindependence

Page 12: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional
Page 13: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

Patriotsvs.Loyalists

•WherearetheLoyalists?

•WhyareLoyalistsnearcities?

•Whyisthebackcountrysocontested?

•WhyareIndiansloyalists?

Page 14: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

FightingtheWarforIndependence

Page 15: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheOutbreakofRevolution•TheBritishenteredthewarconfidentofacompletevictory:•Theirarmywas400%larger;well-trained solders, experiencedofficers,&Hessianmercenaries

•Strongmanufacturingbase•Theworld’smostdominantnavy

•Believedthe1776battleswerea“policeaction”&theshowofforcewouldforcerebelstosubmit

Page 16: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheOutbreakofRevolutionnInreality,Englandfacedanimpossibletask:

• TheirlongsupplylinesacrosstheAtlanticwouldnotbeabletoprovidetimelyprovisions

• TheAmericanterrainwaslarge• Towin,theEnglishhadtofind&defeat theContinentalArmy

• Underestimatedthecolonialcommitmenttoindependence

Page 17: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheAmericanRevolution,1775-1781WherewastheAmericanRevolutionfought?

Page 18: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

BuildingaProfessionalArmynWashington’staskwastodefend asmuchterritoryaspossible:•Reliedonguerrillatactics&avoidedall-out-warwithBritain

•Washington’sContinentalArmyservedasthesymbolofthe“republicancause”

•But,colonialmilitiasplayedamajorrolein“forcing”neutralstosupporttheRevolution

As long as England did not defeat the Continental Army, England could not win

Page 19: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

Slaves&IndiansintheWar•Blackslavessupportedwhoeverseemedlikelytodeliverfreedom:•Northernslavessupportedthecolonistswhoofferedfreedomforanyslavewhofought

•SouthernslavestypicallysupportedBritain

•NativeAmericansfearedcolonialexpansion&overwhelminglysupportedBritain

Page 20: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheVarietyofColonialSoldiersThe Continental Army had 2 all-black regiments composed of Northern slaves

Page 21: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

WomenintheWar•Women’sroleintherevolution:

•Supportedtheirhusbands&sonsinenlistinginmilitias

•Ran business affairs & continuedboycottingEnglishgoodswhilemenfought(i.e.AbigailAdams)

•Createdpropaganda(politicalsatiresbyMercyOtisWarren)

•Somehelpedinthebattlefield(“MollyPitcher”)

Page 22: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional
Page 23: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

Differing Military StrategiesThe Americans The British

•Winawarofattrition• Englandhadlongsupplylines

• Colonialsdidnothaveto“win”justhadtoweardowntheBritish

•Guerillatactics•MakeanalliancewithoneofBritain’senemies

• “Divide&Conquer”•UseLoyalists• Encourageslaverevolts

• Seizeproperty• BreakthecoloniesinhalfbydividingtheNorth&South

• BlockadetheportstopreventtradewithAmericanallies

Page 24: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheEarlyYears:1776-1777•TheinitialbattlesoftherevolutionwentbadlyforAmericans:•BritishGeneralHoweforcedWashingtontoretreatatNewYorkputtingtheAmericansontherun

•GenHoweissueda“generalpardon”toallAmericanswhosworeanoathofallegiancetoGeorgeIII;thousandsdidso

Colonial militias retaliated against those who deserted the patriot cause

Page 25: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheEarlyYears:1776-1777nTheBritishstrategyremainedtofighta“major&decisive”battle;butContinentalArmywaselusivenDespiteBritishvictories&1,000sofcolonial“oathsofallegiance”,Washingtonkeptfighting•WonsmallvictoriesthatrenewedAmericanwartimemorale

•“Won”atSaratoga in1777

Howe captured New York Captured

PhiladelphiaWashington’s army almost

starved at Valley Forge

Took Trenton Took Princeton

Page 26: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

BritishSeizure&BurningofNewYork,1776Crossing the Delaware in route to a surprise attack at Trenton & Princeton, 1776

The “Turning Point” of the Revolution: The Battle of Saratoga, 1777

Near Starvation at Valley Forge, PA in 1778

Page 27: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheFrenchAlliancenSince1775,theFrenchcovertlyaidedAmericanswithsuppliesnButafterthe“victory”atSaratoga:

•FrancerecognizedAmericaasanew,independentrepublic

•FrancepromisedtopressureEnglandtoagreetoAmericanindependenceafterwar’send

•FrancerelinquishedallofitsclaimstoterritoryinAmerica

The turning point of the war!!A lot of these points were negotiated by none other

than Ben Franklin

And…England now has to worry about a possible (yet remote)

invasion of England by France

The Continental Congress refused the offer

In 1778, England offered to remove all parliamentary legislation & vowed never to impose revenue taxes on the colonists again

Page 28: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheFinalCampaignnBy1781,WashingtonpushedtheRedcoatstowardsYorktown(VA)whereGeneralCornwalliswascaughtbetweentheContinentalArmy&theFrenchnavynOnOctober19,1781Cornwallissurrendered;theEnglishstillcontrolledNY&CharlesTownbutthefightingvirtuallyended

Page 29: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

AmericanVictoryatYorktown

Cornwallis’ surrender was the “day the world turned upside down”

Page 30: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheLoyalistDilemma•Loyalistsbelievedinlibertytoo,butfearedthatindependencewouldbreedanarchyinAmerica

•Loyalistsweretreatedpoorly:•TheEnglishneverfullytrustedtheLoyalists

•Patriotsseizedtheirproperty;imprisoned&executedothers

•Morethan100,000LoyalistsleftAmericawhenthewarended

Page 31: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheTreatyofParis,1783

Page 32: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

TheTreatyofParis(1783)•TheTreatyofParisin1783wasnegotiatedwithEnglandbyFranklin,JohnAdams,JohnJay

•Thetermsincluded:• FullAmericanindependence• AllterritoryeastofMississippiRiver,betweenCanada&FL

• TheremovaloftheBritisharmyfromU.S.claimsinAmerica

• FishingrightsintheAtlantic

Page 33: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

North America after the Treaty of Paris, 1763

Page 34: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

NorthAmericaafterthe

TreatyofParis,1783

Page 35: American Revolution - Brealtealworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/6/1/1/6/... · The American Revolution, 1775-1781 Where was the American Revolution fought? Building a Professional

PreservingIndependencenAfter176yearsofBritishrule,theAmericanRevolutionbegantheconstructionofanewformofgovernmentnBut...willthenewUnitedStatesbeagovernmentoftheelite oragovernmentofthepeople?


Recommended