America’s Empire

Section 1

ALCOS: 3.1, 3.4Objectives

Students will identify the key factors that prodded America to expand.

Students will be able to explain how the United States took its first steps toward increased global power

Students will be able to summarize the chain of events leading up to the US annexation of Hawaii

Imperialism

A policy of extending power and influence on other countries through diplomacy of military force

Lack of frontier limits growth Forced to look elsewhere for new lands

William McKinley (R)William Jennings Bryan (D)

Front porch campaign Had more money for

campaign than BryanGold standardEager to maintain

peace

PopulistCross of Gold

SpeechRR RegulationBimetalismHigh Energy

Election of 1896

1896 Democratic National Convention

“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify them upon a cross of gold”

McKinley Bryan

Election of 1896

William McKinley (R)William Jennings Bryan (D)

Front porch campaign Had more money for

campaign than BryanGold standardEager to maintain

peacePop Vote: 7,112,138Electoral Vote: 271

PopulistCross of Gold

SpeechRR RegulationBimetalismHigh EnergyPop Vote: 6,508,172Electoral Vote: 176

Election of 1896

William McKinley (R 1897-1901)

Vice President 1897-1900 – Garret Hobart, 1901 – Theodore

RooseveltForeign Affairs

Increased global presence Hawaii & Alaska Expansionist Congress Spanish American War

Assassinated September 6, 1901

Imperial Competition

European nations compete for new lands Africa China

Japan joined competition for China Wanted to industrialize

United States Manifest Destiny Wanted stronger military

Growth of Military

Alfred T. Mahan Pushed for a stronger Navy

Built 9 steel hulled cruisers between 1893-1890 Construction of modern battleships

Great White Fleet Created under Theodore Roosevelt

Great White Fleet

Sewards Folly

William Seward Sec of State under Lincoln and Johnson

1867 arranges for US to purchase Alaska from Russia $7.2 million Approximately 2 cents an acre

1959 Alaska becomes a US State

Annexation of Hawaii

Sovereign nation Queen “Lil” Liliuokalani

American businessmen move to Hawaii Set up sugar plantations

1875 US sets up free sugar trade with Hawaii McKinley Tariff (1890) threatens this

US Businessmen revoltAnnexed 1897

Statehood August 12, 1898

Queen Liliuokalani

Section 2

ALCOS: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.6Objectives

Students will understand the causes of the Spanish-American War

Students will identify the major battles of the war Students will be able to describe the consequences of

the war, including debate over imperialism

Cuba

Spanish Colony1854 US proposes to buy Cuba from Spain1868, 1878 native Cubans rebel against

Spain Leads to end of Cuban slavery, US invest in sugar

plantationsCuba Libre!

“Free Cuba” Jose Marti

Launches revolution 1895 Wanted to provoke US involvement

Many in US want government to step in

Cry for War

General Valeriano Weyler Sent from Spain to restore order

300,000 Cubans sent into concentration camps

Yellow Journalism Hearst v. Pulitzer Sensational writing Exaggerated information Enrages readers

Congress Wanted to expand US lands

De Lôme Letter

Yellow Journalism

Yellow Journalism

De Lôme Letter

Enrique Dupuy de Lôme Spanish minister to US Wrote private letter criticizing McKinley

New York Journal Publishes letter Called McKinley “weak and a bidder for the

admiration of the crowd”Americans become furious at Spain

U.S.S. Maine

U.S.S. Maine sent to CubaFebruary 15, 1898 ship explodes in the

Havana harborNewspapers claim it was an attack by Spain

Hearst offers a $5o,000 reward for capture of those responsible

Explosion was an accident, not an attack“Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain!”April 20, 1898 US declares war on Spain

USS Maine

USS Maine Wreckage

Spanish-American War

4 month long conflictUS Naval forces superior

Army full of volunteers and under suppliedPhilippines

Spanish colony near Asia US attacks Spanish fleet at Manila

Led by Commodore George Dewey US join with Filipino rebels

Caribbean US sets up naval blockade of Cuba

Admiral William T. Sampson

War in Philippines Map

War in Cuba Map

Rough Riders

Group of American volunteer cavalry Led by Theodore Roosevelt

Former Assistant Secretary of the Navy

Aided by two African American regimentsSan Juan Hill

Important strategic location Blocked by Kettle Hill

Rough Riders lead an uphill charge to take the hill Clears way for infantry to take San Juan Hill

Rough Riders

Rough Rider Roosevelt

What is the treat that ended the Spanish-American War?

ANSWER: Treaty of Paris 1898

Treaty of Paris

December 10, 1898 Fighting ends with a cease-fire August 12, 1898

Cuba freed from SpainUS gains Spanish territories

Guam, Puerto RicoSells the Philippines to US for $20 millionControversial in the US

Issue of imperialism Is it right for the US to annex the Philippines?

Booker T. Washington wanted race relations solved first Samuel Gompers feared it could take away American jobs

Section 3

ALCOS: 3.7Objectives

Students will examine the causes and consequences of the Philippine insurrection

Students will analyze the effects of the Open Door Policy

Students will be able to describe how the United States dealt with the rising power of Japan

New American Lands

Puerto Rico, Cuba, The Philippines, Guam

Puerto Rico

Puerto Ricans divided over whether they want Independence Statehood Remain territory with local self government

Under US military control Ends with Foraker Act

Sets up a civil government

Cuba

US Protectorate of CubaTeller Amendment

US would not take over any part of CubaOccupied by American forces after the war

Many Spanish administrators remained in power Helped restore the country, improve sanitation

Platt Amendment US would manage Cuban foreign affairs, budget, ect from

afar Reluctantly adopted by Cuba in 1903, lasted 31 years

American Business Invested in sugar, tobacco, and mining

The Philippines

Upset at being annexedEmilio Aguinaldo leads fight against USPhilippine-American War

US divides Filipinos into designated zones African Americans make up most of US forces there 20,000 Filipinos killed

4,o00 Americans killed Rebellion lasted 3 years and cost the US $400 million

US sets up government similar to Puerto Rico Become independent July 4, 1946

Foreign Affairs in China

“Sick man of Asia” European countries setting up along Chinese coast

US feared it would be shut out

John Hay US Secretary of State Open Door notes (1899)

Called for open trade with China between the other imperialist nations

Boxer Rebellion2nd Open Door Notes

US would safeguard for the world equal trade with all of China

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese fed up with Western presence in China Secret groups formed to rid China of Westerners

Boxers kill hundreds of Europeans and missionaries

August 1900 US, Germany, France, Italy, Britain, and Japan send troops in to put down rebellion Thousands of Boxers killed

Chinese Boxers

Evolution of American Foreign Policy

Growth of the US economy depended on exports

US had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open

Believed the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideals threatened US survival

United States now a leader of imperialism Anti-Imperialist League

Included Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and Mark Twain

Felt the US was wrong for trying to others without their consent

William McKinley (R)William Jennings Bryan (D)

Adds Theodore Roosevelt as Vice President

Pop Vote: 7,228,864Electoral Vote: 292

Low TariffTax ReformPop Vote: 6,371,932Electoral Vote: 155

Election of 1900

McKinley Assassinated

Shot September 6, 1901 Shot twice in the chest Operations successful Gangrene sets in

Died September 14, 1901Leon Czolgosz

Anarchist Electric chair

Section 4

ALCOS:Objectives

Students will examine what happened to Puerto Rico and Cuba after the Spanish-American War

Students will analyze the effects of Roosevelt’s “big stick” diplomacy

Students will compare Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” with the foreign policies of his predecessors