THE WAR OF 1812America’s Second War for Independence

“On to Canada, on to Canada”

Militarily unprepared Canada was a focus because the British

army was weakest there. Offensive strategy was poorly conceived Best strategy—capture Montreal America strategy—3 pronged

1. Detroit2. Niagara3. Lake Champlain

The Battle of the Great Lakes Oliver Hazard Perry—built a fleet of

green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie

“We have met the enemy and they are ours.”

Battle of the Thames—British defeated by General Harrison in October 1813

By 1814, Americans were grimly defending own soil

Washington Burned

August 1814 4,000 Br. troops

scattered some 6,000 militiamen

Burned the capitol and the White House

Fort McHenry and Francis Scott Key

Br. forces hammered Ft. McHenry

American stood strong

Br. fail to capture it

New Orleans

Force led by Andrew Jackson consisting of pirates, Frenchmen, men from KY, TN, and LA.

British launched a frontal assault—BIG MISTAKE

January 8, 1815—Br. lost 2,000 in 30”Major victory for the Americans

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0

Treaty of Ghent

Officially ended the War of 1812 December 24, 1814 Armistice

No mention of grievances“Not one inch of territory ceded or lost.”

RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812

Results of the war included:

End of the Federalist Party (opposed war)

Encouraged industries in U.S.

Rise in nationalism/American independence

Despite the burning of the President’s mansion, the U.S. emerged strong

Federalist Grievances

Hartford Convention26 delegates from NE states met to discuss

issues Results:

Demanded $ assistance from DC for lost trade

Const. amend. Requiring 2/3 vote in Congress before embargo, new states, or declaration of war.

Other Federalist demands Abolish 3/5 clause Single term for presidents Prohibit the election of 2 successive

presidents from the same stateAimed at the “Virginia Dynasty”

Utter failure in wake of Battle of New Orleans

End of Federalist Party

Clay’s “American System”

Markets were flooded with cheap British goods, hurting American industries

Tariff of 1816—established the first protective tariff in US history

American System—economic system proposed by Henry Clay1. strong banking system2. protective tariff3. roads and canals

Road blocks of the American System Federal government voted in 1817 to

give $1.5 million to the states for internal improvementsVetoed by MadisonNE strongly opposed the building of a road

because it would drain away population and create competing states

The Era of Good Feelings? James Monroe was elected president in

1816 by the Republicans. One-party rule Sectional tensions increase, conflict over

slavery, internal improvements and the economy caused issues

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE

In 1818 settlers in Missouri applied for statehood

Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a “free” state

Henry Clay organized a compromise. HENRY CLAY: THE GREAT

COMPROMISER

MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida

1818—Anglo-American Convention with BritainProvided for a 10 year

joint occupation of Oregon

1819—Adams-Onis TreatySpain ceded Florida

to America

THE MONROE DOCTRINE In the early 19th

Century, various European countries hinted at increased colonization

In his 1823 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe: Don’t interfere with Western Hemisphere

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