Americorps VISTA Supervisor Manual

8/9/2019 Americorps VISTA Supervisor Manual

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/americorps-vista-supervisor-manual 1/79

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Gqqlonmu N3 GhlymFkyqv RMV^G Fkv~ Vegyl Qykdygh////////////////////////////////// 25Gqqlonmu L3 RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko /////////////////////////////////////////////// 2=^mqv bky Qylqgymod g RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko///////////////////////////////// 2=RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko ^lhqjg~l /////////////////////////////////////////////// 41Gqqykqymg~l ^gv`v bky RMV^Gv ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 47

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Bky go krlyrmlt kb ~el yljg~mkovemqv ghkod ~el qykclf~ vqkovky* ~el fkhh|om~}* ~el RMV^G* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl* gon ~el RMV^G elgnw|gy~lyv* qjlgvl vll Fegq~ly 7 kb ~el RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk`/

Ko Nlflhily 79* 7=2>* Qylvmnlo~ J}onko I/ Ckeovko tljfkhln ~el bmyv~ dyk|q kb 91 RMV^G rkj|o~llyv tm~e ~emv gnrmfl3 ‚]k|y qg} tmjj il jkt0 ~el fkonm~mkov kb }k|y jgiky kb~lo tmjj il nmbbmf|j~/ I|~ }k| tmjj egrl ~el vg~mvbgf~mko kb jlgnmod g dylg~ og~mkogj lbbky~ gon }k| tmjj egrl ~el |j~mhg~l yltgyn temfe fkhlv ~k ~ekvl tek vlyrl ~elmy bljjkt hgo/‘

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MO ÊMV FEGQ^LY V|qlyrmvmod RMV^Gv Qykclf~ V|qlyrmvky rv/ Vm~l V|qlyrmvky Vqkovky Rlymbmfg~mko Bkyh Felf`jmv~ kb V|qlyrmvky”v Ykjlv gon Ylvqkovmimjm~mlv

Gv ~el qykclf~ v|qlyrmvky nlvmdog~ln i} }k|y kydgomsg~mko* }k| gyl ylvqkovmijl bky hgogdmod RMV^G ylvk|yflv gon qykrmnmod ~el v|qqky~ olflvvgy} ~k¡gfemlrl qykclf~ dkgjv/ êmv v|qqky~ mofj|nlv v|qlyrmvmod RMV^Gv* nlrljkqmod fjlgy RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgov* gon hlo~kymod RMV^Gv ~k¡qykhk~l qykblvvmkogj dykt~e/ ]k| gjvk¡qjg} go mhqky~go~ ykjl mo ~el v|fflvv kb ~el qykclf~ gon mo jmo`mod }k|y vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko tm~e ~el Fkyqkyg~mko gon RMV^G/ ]k|y b|of~mko* gv v|qlyrmvky* mv ~k krlyvll ~el RMV^G”v tky` gon dmrl v~y|f~|yl ~k ~el RMV^G”v gvvmdohlo~/ Mo qjgoomod bky ~el v|qqky~ kb g RMV^G* }k| vek|jn fkovmnly gjj gvqlf~v kb ~elmy gvvmdohlo~ mofj|nmod3

êl ng}¨~k¨ng} ~gv`v êl yljg~mkovemq kb ~elvl ~gv`v ~k¡~el tky` kb }k|y kydgomsg~mko”v v~gbb hlhilyvêl v~gbb”v |onlyv~gonmod kb ~el RMV^G”v ykjl êl ~gydl~ fkhh|om~}”v luqlf~g~mkov bky ~el qykclf~ gon ~el RMV^G êl ylvk|yflv* bgfmjm~mlv %l/d/* ylgvkogijl gffkhhkng~mkov bky qlyvkov tm~e nmvgimjm~mlv-* gon v|qqjmlv ollnln bky ~el RMV^G ~k¡v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~l emv ky ely gvvmdohlo~ êl RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gqqykrln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl

]k| vek|jn hg`l fjlgy ~k¡fkhh|om~} hlhilyv gon }k|y kydgomsg~mko”v v~gbb ~el RMV^G”v ykjl mo ~el qykclf~ tljj ilbkyl ~el RMV^G gyymrlv/ H|fe kb }k|y ykjl mv ~k go~mfmqg~l ~el ollnv gon ylgf~mkov kb ~el RMV^G gon ~ekvl tm~e tekh ~el RMV^G fkhlv mo fko~gf~ temjl tky`mod ko ~el qykclf~/ ]k| gon }k|y vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko gyl ylvqkovmijl bky v~y|f~|ymod gvvmdohlo~v vk¡~eg~ ~el RMV^G”v elgj~e gon vgbl~} gyl ok~ clkqgynmsln/ Vqkovkyv h|v~ ok~ ylw|myl RMV^Gv ~k qlybkyh n|~mlv ~eg~ tk|jn fg|vl ~elh ~k v|v~gmo moc|ymlv/ Oky fgo ~elmy n|~mlv v|qqjgo~ ~ekvl kb qgmn v~gbb ky lumv~mod rkj|o~llyv/ V|qlyrmvmod RMV^Gv Gj~ek|de }k|y kydgomsg~mko gon }k|* gv ~el v|qlyrmvky* qykrmnl ng}¨~k¨ng} nmylf~mko gon d|mngofl ~k¡~el RMV^Gv* ~el} gyl ok~ lhqjk}llv kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko/ ]k| vek|jn luqlf~* ektlrly* RMV^Gv ~k gf~ mo g qykblvvmkogj hgooly gon fkon|f~ ~elhvljrlv mo gffkyngofl tm~e ~el tky`qjgfl okyhv kb }k|y kydgomsg~mko/

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Vegyl ~el qykclf~ qjgo tm~e ~el RMV^G Mo~ykn|fl ~el RMV^G ~k¡~el fkhh|om~} Qykrmnl v~y|f~|yl* gnrmfl* gon d|mngofl bky ~el RMV^G”v gvvmdohlo~ Fjgymb} mo~lyogj qkjmfmlv bky ylw|lv~mod jlgrl* gon ki~gmomod ylmhi|yvlhlo~v gon ki~gmomod v|qqjmlv \onlyv~gon gon ylbly* gv ollnln* ~k¡~el b|jj vl~ kb qkjmfmlv mo ~el RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk` Gvvlvv gvvmdohlo~ qlybkyhgofl tm~e ~el RMV^G Dmrl ~el RMV^G bllnigf` ko ~elmy qykclf~ gf~mrm~mlv Tky` tm~e ~el RMV^G ko hll~mod qlyvkogj gon qykblvvmkogj dkgjv Qgy~oly tm~e ~el RMV^G mo nlrljkqmod fkhh|om~} gf~mrm~mlv Lov|yl ~eg~ ~el y|jlv* yld|jg~mkov* gon d|mnljmolv kb ~el RMV^G qykdygh gyl hl~ Fkjjgikyg~l tm~e Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl v~gbb vqlfmgjmv~v ko mo¨vlyrmfl~ygmomod ollnvQykrmnl v|qqky~ mo lhlydlofmlv gv k|~jmoln mo ~el Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~ il~tllo }k|y kydgomsg~mko gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko

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~el B|~|yl Qjgov ky Lgyj} ^lyhmog~mko Bkyh gon v|ihm~ m~ ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Vqkovky Rlymbmfg~mko Bkyh êl Vqkovky Rlymbmfg~mko Bkyh mv g nkf|hlo~ ~eg~ jmv~v ~el gf~mrl RMV^Gv gvvmdoln ~k g qykclf~ gon ~elmy lon¨kb¨vlyrmfl ng~lv/ ^k¡fkhqj} tm~e g|nm~ ylw|mylhlo~v* ~el qykclf~ ky vm~l v|qlyrmvky h|v~ yl~|yo ~el Vqkovky Rlymbmfg~mko Bkyh* temfe ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl bgulv lgfe qg} qlymkn ~k¡~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko/ êl qykclf~ v|qlyrmvky h|v~ ok~l go} fegodlv ko ~el bkyh* gon vmdo gon yl~|yo bkyh ~k ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl tm~emo ~eyll tky`ng}v/ Go kojmol rlyvmko kb ~emv bkyh vek|jn

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\onlyv~gon ~el RMV^G qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko* mofj|nmod ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo* RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko %RGN-* gon ~el Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~ il~tllo }k|y kydgomsg~mko gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl/ G~~lon RMV^G V|qlyrmvkyv” Kymlo~g~mko qymky ~k ylfy|m~mod RMV^Gv/ Qylqgyl g RGN bky lgfe RMV^G mo ~mhl bky ~el RMV^G ~k¡~g`l m~ ~k¡Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %QVK-/ Ilbkyl ~el V|qlyrmvkyv” Kymlo~g~mko* ylgn gon ilfkhl b|jj} bghmjmgy tm~e ~el RMV^G V|qlyrmvky”v Hgo|gj gon ~el RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk`/ Bmogjmsl }k|y ylfkhhlonln vljlf~mkov kb RMV^Gv |vmod ~el GhlymFkyqv Ylfy|m~hlo~ Qky~gj g~ jlgv~ >< ng}v qymky ~k¡~el QVK }k| mo~lon ~elh ~k¡g~~lon/ Lov|yl lgfe fgonmng~l egv gfflq~ln }k|y ylfkhhlonln vljlf~mko gon fkhqjl~lv olflvvgy} qgqlytky` qymky ~k¡g~~lonmod QVK/ W|gjmbmfg~mkov mofj|nl hll~mod gjj jldgj ylw|mylhlo~v kb RMV^G* egrmod ~el v`mjjv ylw|myln mo ~el gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko* gon ilmod v|m~gijl bky ~el gvvmdohlo~/

4



V|ihm~ ylw|myln nkf|hlo~v* mofj|nmod Qykclf~ Qykdylvv Ylqky~v* Vqkovky Rlymbmfg~mko Bkyhv* gon ~el yloltgj qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko* ~k ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mo g ~mhlj} hgooly/ Qykrmnl mobkyhg~mko ~k¡jkfgj hlnmg ko qykclf~ v~gy~¨|q gon qykclf~gffkhqjmvehlo~v/Qykrmnl g ylfkhhlong~mko ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ko RMV^Gv” v~g~|v g~ ~el lon kb ~elmy vlyrmfl }lgy* mofj|nmod vfeln|jln ~lyhmog~mko* lu~lovmko* ky ylloykjjhlo~/ Fkhqjl~l gon v|ihm~ ~el B|~|yl Qjgov Bkyh ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl g~ jlgv~ >< ng}v mo gnrgofl kb ~el vlyrmfl fkhqjl~mko ng~l/ Hll~ tm~e Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb n|ymod vfeln|jln hkom~kymod rmvm~v/

RMV^G V|qlyrmvmko gon V|qqky~ Qykrmnl lgfe RMV^G tm~e g fkq} kb ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gon RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko* vk ~el nkf|hlo~v gyl grgmjgijl ~k¡nmvf|vv g~ ~el Qyl¨

Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %QVK- ky n|ymod ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko mhhlnmg~lj} ~elylgb~ly/ Qykrmnl ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko bky ~el RMV^Gv %vll Fegq~ly < bky d|mngofl-* v|fe gv fjgymb}mod ~elmy ykjl tm~emo ~el gdlof} gon fkhh|om~}/ Mo~ykn|fl RMV^Gv ~k¡~el fkhh|om~} |vmod hlnmg gon jl~~lyv kb mo~ykn|f~mko ~k¡jkfgj kbbmfmgjv/ Mnlo~mb} qk~lo~mgj ylvk|yflv mo ~el fkhh|om~} ~eg~ RMV^Gv hg} olln ~k¡hkimjmsl/ Qykrmnl kbbmfl vqgfl* qekol* gon k~ely v|qqjmlv ollnln i} RMV^Gv ~k¡qlybkyh ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v/ Lov|yl ~eg~ }k|y kydgomsg~mko egv g b|on %|q ~k .<11 qly lhlydlof}-grgmjgijl bky RMV^G lhlydlofmlv %~k¡il ylmhi|yvln i} ~el RMV^G kyFkyqkyg~mko-/Lov|yl ~eg~ ~el elgj~e gon vgbl~} kb RMV^Gv gyl ok~ clkqgynmsln n|ymod ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v/ Ylqky~ mhhlnmg~lj} %tm~emo 9> ek|yv- ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl go} fegodl mo ~el v~g~|v kb RMV^Gv* v|fe gv jlgrmod ~el qykclf~ lgyj}* gyylv~* givlofl tm~ek|~ jlgrl* ekvqm~gjmsg~mko* gon k~ely lu~lonln givloflv/ Qykrmnl fgylly nlrljkqhlo~ gvvmv~gofl ~k RMV^Gv/ Ylmhi|yvl RMV^Gv bky ko¨vm~l vlyrmflÿljg~ln ~ygrlj gv vqlfmbmln mo ~el qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko gon Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~* ky qykrmnl k~ely hlgov kb ~ygovqky~g~mko/ Gyygodl tm~e ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl bky Mo¨Vlyrmfl ^ygmomod kb RMV^Gv* gv gqqykqymg~l* vk ~el} fgo ki~gmo v`mjjv ylw|myln bky ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v/ Qykrmnl gvvmv~gofl bky RMV^Gv n|ymod vqlfmgj vlyrmfl lrlo~v* v|fe gv Hgy~mo J|~ely

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5



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‖ Vghqjl Qykclf~ Nlvfymq~mko bky Ylfy|m~hlo~ Bmonmod Qk~lo~mgj RMV^Gv

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Ylfy|m~mod gqqjmfgo~v bky RMV^G mv g hgcky ylvqkovmimjm~} kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko/ êl qykclf~ v|qlyrmvky |v|gjj} qlybkyhv ~emv ykjl/ G vqkovky”v dkgj mv ~k g~~ygf~ v`mjjln* fkhhm~~ln* monmrmn|gjv tek¡gyl vljb¨hk~mrg~ln gon w|gjmbmln ~k¡qlybkyh ~el gvvmdohlo~ n|~mlv/ G vqkovky nlrljkqv ~el ylfy|m~hlo~ v~yg~ld}* vfyllov* mo~lyrmltv* gon ylfkhhlonv ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ~ekvl gqqjmfgo~v hkv~ w|gjmbmln bky ~el vqlfmbmf gvvmdohlo~/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mv ylvqkovmijl bky bmogj gqqykrgj kb gjj gqqjmfgo~v/ Gb~ly gqqykrgj* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl morm~lv ~el gqqjmfgo~ ~k¡~el Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %vll Fegq~ly 2- gon gyygodlv bky ~ygrlj/ ]k| hg} ylfy|m~ jkfgjj} bky RMV^Gv ky ylfkhhlon vljlf~mkov bykh g og~mkogj qkkj kb gqqjmfgo~v yldmv~lyln mo ~el kojmol ylfy|m~hlo~ gon qjgflhlo~ v}v~lh* ~el H} GhlymFkyqv qky~gj/ Vqkovkyv gfflvv ~el ylfy|m~hlo~ v}v~lh i} |vmod ~elmy lDygo~v gffk|o~/ Eljq mo |vmod ~el ylfy|m~hlo~ v}v~lh mv grgmjgijl ko ~el Fkyqkyg~mko tlivm~l3 ttt/og~mkogjvlyrmflylvk|yflv/kyd+gf¨~ygmomod¨v|qqky~&dygo~llv/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko nklv ok~ qylvfyllo gqqjmfgo~v mo ~el H} GhlymFkyqv qky~gj/ Jkfgj gqqjmfgo~v hg} il bykh ~el fkhh|om~} ky bykh k~ely vk|yflv òkto ~k }k|* v|fe gv fkjjldl fghq|vlv ky qykblvvmkogj kydgomsg~mkov/ Jkfgj ylfy|m~v nk ok~ egrl ~k¡il bykh ~el mhhlnmg~l fkhh|om~} vlyrln i} ~el qykclf~/ êl ylfkhhlonln gqqykgfe mv ~k fkhimol jkfgj gon og~mkogj ylfy|m~hlo~/ êmv mofylgvlv ~el jm`ljmekkn kb mnlo~mb}mod ~el ilv~ w|gjmbmln fgonmng~lv/ G ~lgh kb og~mkogj gon jkfgj ylfy|m~v hgumhmslv ~el v~ylod~ev lgfe iymodv ~k¡~el qykclf~/ Tel~ely }k| ylfy|m~ jkfgjj} ky og~mkogjj}* tl lofk|ygdl }k| ~k¡~gydl~ }k|y ylfy|m~hlo~ gf~mrm~mlv ~k¡gv hgo} g|nmloflv gv gyl gqqykqymg~l ~k ylbjlf~ ~el nmrlyvm~} ~eg~ fegygf~lymslv Ghlymfgo vkfml~}/ Nmrlyvm~} tm~emo RMV^G gnnv nlq~e ~k ~el luqlymlofl/

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Kofl }k| egrl qkv~ln }k|y qykclf~ nlvfymq~mko mo ~el H} GhlymFkyqv qky~gj* }k| vek|jn ildmo g jkfgj ylfy|m~hlo~ fghqgmdo ~k¡g~~ygf~ w|gjmbmln* v`mjjln* gon vljb¨hk~mrg~ln fgonmng~lv/ Lbblf~mrl ylfy|m~hlo~ nlqlonv ko lbblf~mrlj} hgy`l~mod }k|y qykdygh gon kydgomsg~mko/ ]k|y hgy`l~mod gqqykgfe vek|jn mofj|nl3

Qjgoomod ‖ @okt }k|y g|nmlofl gon qylqgyl ylgjmv~mf v~yg~ldmlv ~k ylgfe ~elh/ Fkjjgikyg~mko ‖ Mnlo~mb} ~el fkhh|om~} dyk|qv gon gdlofmlv ~eg~ egrl nmylf~ fko~gf~v tm~e ~el ~gydl~ dyk|qv }k| gyl ~y}mod ~k ylgfe/ Hlvvgdl ‖ Il gff|yg~l* iymlb* gon fjlgy/ Nlrljkq g fjlgy nlvfymq~mko kb ~el RMV^G qkvm~mkov/ \vl ~lyhv ~eg~ tmjj lofk|ygdl gon qlyv|gnl monmrmn|gjv ~k¡ilfkhl RMV^Gv g~ }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ Ilv~ Qygf~mflv ‖ Ylvlgyfe ylfy|m~hlo~ fghqgmdov ~eg~ egrl tky`ln jkfgjj}* yldmkogjj}* gon og~mkogjj}/ Lrgj|g~mko gon bllnigf` ‖ ^gj` ~k }k|y f|yylo~ gon bkyhly RMV^Gv ~knl~lyhmol ~el lbblf~mrlolvv kb }k|y qykqkvln v~yg~ldmlv/

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Fkhh|om~} fkjjldlv \omrlyvm~mlv gon fkjjldlv Fkjjldl fgylly vlyrmflv0 fkjjldl gon |omrlyvm~} fj|iv %lvqlfmgjj} fj|iv ~eg~ gyl yljg~ln ~k¡}k|y qykclf~-* rkj|o~lly fjlgymodek|vlv* gon vlyrmfl¨jlgyomod flo~lyv0 fghq|v oltvqgqlyv gon ygnmk¡v~g~mkov0 byg~lyom~mlv gon vkykym~mlv yljg~ln ~k¡vlyrmfl0 gon v~|nlo~ flo~lyv ]HFGv gon ]TFGv Ek|vmod fkhqjlulv Mo~lyovemq qykdyghv ]k|~e fmrmf dyk|qv gon }k|~e dyk|qv g~ qjgfl kb tkyvemq Tlivm~lv Vkfmgj Hlnmg %Bgflikk`* H}Vqgfl* Bjmf`y* ]k|^|il* Mnlgjmv~/kyd-

Kjnly fm~mslov/ Monmrmn|gjv il}kon gdl <1 hg`l |q g vmsgijl qky~mko kb qlkqjl gfykvv ~el fk|o~y} fkhhm~~ln ~k¡vlyrmfl/ êl} ylqylvlo~ g rgj|gijl ylvk|yfl*

77



kbblymod luqlymlofl* tmvnkh* vqlfmgjmsln v`mjjv* gon ~mhl/ ]k| fgo bmon yl~myln fm~mslov ~eyk|de3

Jkfgj iygofelv kb GGYQ Gylg Gdlofmlv ko Gdmod Gvvkfmg~mkov kb yl~myln tky`lyv gon yl~myln iygofelv kb qykblvvmkogj vkfml~mlv I|vmolvvlv ~eg~ hg} vegyl }k|y mobkyhg~mko tm~e yl~mymod lhqjk}llv Jmiygymlv* lvqlfmgjj} ~ekvl tm~e vqlfmgj qykdyghv bky kjnly gn|j~v Fe|yfe dyk|qv gon k~ely yljmdmk|v kydgomsg~mkov Ln|fg~mkogj qykdyghv Vlomky ek|vmod fkhqjlulv gon flo~lyv Rkj|o~llyhg~fe/kyd* g ylfy|m~hlo~ tlivm~l ~eg~ eljqv qlkqjl bmon jkfgj rkj|o~lly kqqky~|om~mlv Og~mkogj Gf~mrl gon Yl~myln Blnlygj Lhqjk}llv Gvvkfmg~mko

K~ely qjgflv ~k bmon qk~lo~mgj RMV^Gv Jkfgj fegq~lyv kb og~mkogj kydgomsg~mkov* v|fe gv Og~mkogj Gvvkfmg~mko bky ~el Gnrgoflhlo~ kb Fkjkyln Qlkqjl* Jlgd|l kb \om~ln Jg~mo Fm~mslov* ky Og~mkogj Fk|ofmj kb Jg Ygsg Jkfgj rkj|o~lly fjlgymodek|vlv Okoqykbm~ gon rkj|o~gy} kydgomsg~mkov Kbbmflv kb vkfmgj vlyrmflv Yl~myln ~lgfelyv kydgomsg~mko gon |omkov Og~mrl Ghlymfgo ^ymigj dkrlyohlo~v Rkfg~mkogj ylegimjm~g~mko gdlofmlv Tgm~mod jmv~v kb k~ely GhlymFkyqv qykdyghv mo }k|y gylg

Nlrljkqmod g Ylfy|m~mod Hlvvgdl Kofl }k| nlrljkq g jmv~ kb ~gydl~ dyk|qv* ~emo` kb nmbblylo~ tg}v }k| fgo hgy`l~ }k|y RMV^G hlvvgdl ~k¡lgfe dyk|q/ Ylhlhily ~k¡rgy} }k|y gqqykgfe ilfg|vl ok~ gjj qlkqjl tmjj ylvqkon ~k ~el vghl hlvvgdl/ Vkhl igvmf w|gjm~mlv ~eg~ g~~ygf~ qlkqjl ~k RMV^G mofj|nl3

Gqqlgj kb RMV^G gon vlyrmfl Gvqlf~ kb dmrmod igf` ~k¡}k|y fkhh|om~} Nlrljkqhlo~ kb cki v`mjjv gon fgylly ol~tky`v Gqqlgj kb ~ygrlj* hll~mod olt qlkqjl* gnrlo~|yl Nlblyhlo~ bky w|gjmbmln v~|nlo~ jkgov Vldgj GhlymFkyqv Ln|fg~mko Gtgyn ~k¡qg} kbb v~|nlo~ jkgov ky bky dygn|g~l vfekkj Kqqky~|om~} ~k¡gqqj} ln|fg~mko gon luqlymlofl ~k eljq fkhh|om~mlv

Gnnm~mkogj v|qqky~/ Mb }k|y kydgomsg~mko fgo qykrmnl gnnm~mkogj v|qqky~ v|fe gv byll ky jkt¨fkv~ ek|vmod* ~ygmomod* ko¨~el¨cki hmjlgdl ylmhi|yvlhlo~* ky g q|ijmf ~ygovqky~g~mko qgvv* m~ mv mhqky~go~ ~k¡jl~ fgonmng~lv òkt mo }k|y ylfy|m~mod hg~lymgjv/ êlvl gnnm~mkogj ilolbm~v fk|jn il ~el ‚~mlïylg`ly‘ il~tllo }k|y vm~l gon gok~ely RMV^G vm~l ~eg~ ~el fgonmng~l hg} il fkovmnlymod/ Mb }k| egrl w|lv~mkov gik|~ teg~ ~}ql kb v|qqky~ }k| fgo kbbly RMV^Gv mv gqqykqymg~l* qjlgvl fgjj }k|y Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/

79



^gydl~ }k|y hg~lymgjv/ Teg~ tk|jn g~~ygf~ go gqqjmfgo~ ~k }k|y qykdygh; Gqqjmfgo~v tgo~ ~k òkt teg~ ~el} tmjj il nkmod gon teg~ ~el} tmjj dgmo bykh vlyrmfl gv g RMV^G/ ^gydl~ }k|y gqqykgfe ~k vqlfmbmf g|nmloflv/ Bky lughqjl* mb }k|y qykclf~ bkf|vlv ko ln|fg~mko* gnrly~mvl ~k¡ln|fg~mko hgckyv ~el rgj|gijl luqlymlofl ~eg~ ~el} tmjj dgmo gv RMV^Gv/ Gv` }k|y f|yylo~ RMV^Gv ~k¡fkhhlo~ ko }k|y lumv~mod ylfy|m~hlo~ hg~lymgjv gon dmrl }k| lm~ely bkyhgj ky mobkyhgj ylgf~mkov/ Lrlo ~ek|de }k| nk¡ok~ olln ~k¡mofkyqkyg~l gjj kb ~elmy fkhhlo~v* }k| gyl jm`lj} ~k¡ylflmrl eljqb|j bllnigf`/ Hg`l m~ qlyvkogj/ Qlyvkogj fko~gf~ hg`lv ~el nmbblylofl/ \vl f|yylo~ RMV^Gv gon gj|hom bykh }k|y qykdygh ky k~elyv ~k¡g~~lon g v~g~l bgmy* fkoblylofl* ky vfekkj fgylly ng} ~k¡vegyl ~elmy luqlymloflv/ Fkovmnly ekjnmod go mobkyhg~mko vlvvmko tm~e ~el fko~gf~v ~eg~ }k| egrl hgnl/ Morm~l }k|y f|yylo~ RMV^Gv* vlyrmfl gj|hom* gon k~ely RMV^Gv mo ~el gylg ~k vegyl ~elmy luqlymloflv gon dmrl qk~lo~mgj gqqjmfgo~v g bmyv~egon gffk|o~ kb }k|y qykdygh/ Ylvqkon

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gqqjmfg~mko bykh }k| ky tek¡ylw|lv~ln b|y~ely mobkyhg~mko/ Bkjjkt |q tm~e ~elh tm~e g qkv~fgyn* qekol fgjj* ky l¨hgmj ~k¡morm~l ~elh ~k ~g`l ~el olu~ v~lq/ Kbbly v|ddlv~mkov ~k ~elh ko fkhqjl~mod ~el gqqjmfg~mko/ Lojmv~ ~el eljq kb f|yylo~ RMV^Gv/ Lofk|ygdl ~elh ~k¡gvvmv~ mo ylfy|m~mod n|ymod ~elmy }lgy kb vlyrmfl/ Temjl ~el} gyl k|~ mo fkhh|om~mlv* ~el} hg} dl~ ~k¡òkt qlkqjl tek¡qkvvlvv ~el v`mjjv ~k ylqjgfl ~elh ky tek¡tk|jn il mnlgj bky k~ely RMV^G gvvmdohlo~v/ F|yylo~ gon bkyhly RMV^G Jlgnlyv gon RMV^Gv gyl lufljjlo~ vk|yflv bky mnlo~mb}mod monmrmn|gjv tek egrl ~el luqlymlofl gon hk~mrg~mko ~k¡ilfkhl RMV^Gv/ Nmvf|vv tm~e ~elh ~elmy ylgvkov bky ckmomod RMV^G gon egrl ~elh mnlo~mb} monmrmn|gjv tm~e vmhmjgy hk~mrg~mko/ Fkjjgikyg~l gon gv` bky eljq/ Felf` tm~e k~ely qykdyghv ylfy|m~mod mo }k|y gylg/ Bmon k|~ ekt }k| fgo fkhimol hgmjmodv* ky vegyl vqgfl g~ lrlo~v tm~e k~ely qykdyghv/ êl} hg} lrlo egrl g jmv~ kb qlkqjl ~el} tlyl |ogijl ~k¡qjgfl tek¡hg} il qlyblf~ bky }k|y qykdygh/ Ol~tky`/ Qlkqjl kb~lo nlfmnl ~k¡nk¡vkhl~emod ilfg|vl vkhlkol ~el} ylvqlf~ ky ~y|v~ egv v|ddlv~ln m~/ Gv` fkjjldl qjgflhlo~ kbbmflyv* qykblvvkyv* gon fkhh|om~} jlgnlyv ~k¡qykhk~l RMV^G gon }k|y qykclf~/ Gdgmo* fkovmnly }k|y ~gydl~ g|nmloflv gon ~el g~~ygf~mko ~eg~ }k|y qykclf~ tk|jn ekjn bky ~elh/ Vg} ~ego` }k|/ Vlon g ~ego`¨}k| jl~~ly ~k¡lrly}kol tek¡gvvmv~ln }k| n|ymod ~el ylfy|m~hlo~ nymrl/ êmv tmjj eljq ~k¡dlolyg~l dkkntmjj gon v|qqky~ bykh ~ekvl k|~vmnl kb }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ Gnrly~mvl/ Gv` ~k¡qjgfl qkv~lyv mo fghq|v fgylly flo~lyv* nlqgy~hlo~ gon fjgvvykkh i|jjl~mo ikgynv* nkyhm~kymlv* fj|iv gon e|hgo nlrljkqhlo~ kbbmflv/ Gjvk* qjgfl qkv~lyv ~eyk|dek|~ ~el ~gydl~ gylgv g~ fkhh|om~} gf~mko gdlofmlv* q|ijmf jmiygymlv* dykfly} v~kylv* igyily gon ilg|~} vekqv* gon k~ely kydgomsg~mkov/ Qjgfl gnv mo jkfgj ky fghq|v oltvqgqlyv* fkhh|om~} oltvqgqlyv* q|ijmfg~mkov bky vlomky fm~mslov* okoqykbm~* vkfmgj vlyrmfl* gon qykblvvmkogj kydgomsg~mkov/ Gv` fe|yfelv gon fkhh|om~} flo~lyv ~k¡qkv~ gook|oflhlo~v ko i|jjl~mo ikgynv gon mo ~elmy oltvjl~~lyv/ Vlon gook|oflhlo~v ~k¡cki vlgyfe gdlofmlv* |olhqjk}hlo~ kbbmflv* fkjjldl qjgflhlo~ gon fk|ovljmod kbbmflv* gon qykblvvmkogj ~ygnl ck|yogjv/ Fko~gf~ jkfgj fkjjldl ygnmk v~g~mkov gon fghq|v oltvqgqlyv/ êl} hg} il tmjjmod ~k¡fkon|f~

76



go mo~lyrmlt tm~e }k|* gjjktmod }k| ~k luqjgmo ~el kqqky~|om~mlv grgmjgijl tm~e }k|y qykclf~/ Kynly ylfy|m~hlo~ hg~lymgjv/ \vl ~el Fkyqkyg~mko Kojmol Kynlymod V}v~lh ~k kynly ~el ylfy|m~hlo~ hg~lymgjv ~eg~ }k| olln* ky fgjj ~el ~kjj¨byll o|hily* 511¨=>9¨9244/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko fgo v|qqj} RMV^G qykdygh iykfe|ylv* qkv~lyv* gon gnv ~eg~ fko~gmo vqgfl bky }k| ~k gnn g nlvfymq~mko kb }k|y qykclf~/ Ylfy|m~hlo~ nmvqjg}v fgo gjvk¡il vlo~ k|~ bky fgylly bgmyv gon k~ely lrlo~v/ Bky ~elvl hg~lymgjv gon RMV^G gqqjmfg~mkov ky mobkyhg~mko qgf`l~v* fko~gf~ }k|y Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ky fgjj 511¨=>9¨9244/ Il v|yl ~k¡gnn qykclf~¨vqlfmbmf mobkyhg~mko ~k¡~el RMV^G gqqjmfg~mko qgf`l~v/ \vmod ~el Kojmol Ylfy|m~hlo~ V}v~lh êl Fkyqkyg~mko”v kojmol ylfy|m~hlo~ v}v~lh mv grgmjgijl ~eyk|de ~el lDygo~v v}v~lh }k| |vl ~k¡gqqj} bky ~el RMV^G qykclf~/ \qko gtgyn kb }k|y RMV^G qykclf~* jmo`v ~k¡

olt blg~|ylv bky ylfy|m~mod* vljlf~mod* gon hgogdmod }k|y RMV^Gv tmjj ilfkhl grgmjgijl/ êl H} GhlymFkyqv Ylfy|m~hlo~ V}v~lh mv g flo~ygj jkfg~mko bky vqkovkyv ~k ylfy|m~* vljlf~* gon hgogdl ~elmy RMV^Gv/ ]k| fgo3

Fylg~l gon |qng~l RMV^G qykclf~ nlvfymq~mkov Rmlt gqqjmfg~mkov gon ylblyloflv bky }k|y RMV^G qykclf~ V|ihm~ nkf|hlo~g~mko bky fm~mslovemq V|ihm~ ~el Vqkovky Ylfkhhlong~mko bkyh gon vljlf~ gqqjmfgo~v Gqqykrl gvvmdohlo~ÿljg~ln ~ygovqky~g~mko bkyhv %R¨57- Fylg~l }k|y kto ~ygrlj qykbmjl telo morm~ln ~k¡RMV^G lrlo~v

Ylfy|m~hlo~ Ylvk|yflv Vlrlygj tlivm~lv qykrmnl mobkyhg~mko yljg~ln ~k ylfy|m~hlo~ kb RMV^Gv* mofj|nmod3 RMV^Gfghq|v/kyd* go kojmol jlgyomod fkhh|om~} nlvmdoln bky RMV^Gv gon RMV^G v|qlyrmvkyv* mv g tljj¨kydgomsln vm~l ~eg~ kbblyv |vlb|j mobkyhg~mko gon go lgv} tg} ~k¡fkoolf~ tm~e gon vegyl mnlgv tm~e bljjkt v|qlyrmvkyv/ ttt/GhlymFkyqv/dkr* ~el kbbmfmgj tlivm~l kb ~el GhlymFkyqv qykdyghv* kbblyv mobkyhg~mko nmylf~ln g~ vqkovky gon dygo~ll kydgomsg~mkov gon monmrmn|gjv mo~lylv~ln mo og~mkogj vlyrmfl/ Gfflvv ~k¡lDygo~v %bky RMV^G Vqkovkyv- gon ~el H} GhlymFkyqv Qky~gj %bky RMV^Gv gon qk~lo~mgj RMV^G Gqqjmfgo~v- mv grgmjgijl g~ ~emv tlivm~l/ ttt/og~mkogjvlyrmfl/dkr* ~el kbbmfmgj tlivm~l kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl* qykrmnlv mobkyhg~mko ~k eljq ~el q|ijmf |onlyv~gon ~el hmvvmko kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl/ M~ mofj|nlv mobkyhg~mko ko gjj ~el qykdyghv* jldmvjg~mrl |qng~lv* qykdygh nmylf~kymlv* bkyhv* gon qylvv yljlgvlv/ ttt/og~mkogjvlyrmflq|iv/kyd* g vk|yfl ~k eljq bky }k| mnlo~mb} gon kynly hg~lymgjv bykh ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl* temfe qykrmnlv gjj q|ijmfg~mkov g~ ok fkv~ ~k¡~el dlolygj q|ijmf/

7>



ttt/og~mkogjvlyrmflylvk|yflv/kyd* ~el tlivm~l bky ~el Og~mkogj Vlyrmfl Ylvk|yfl Flo~ly* mv g jmiygy} bky qgy~mfmqgo~v mo og~mkogj vlyrmfl/ ]k| fgo v|ivfymil ~k ~el Flo~ly”v 99 jmv~vlyrv ky nktojkgn vlyrmfl¨kymlo~ln d|mnlv gon k~ely ylvk|yflv/ RMV^Gol~ mv go kojmol nmvf|vvmko dyk|q |vln i} f|yylo~ RMV^Gv gon qykclf~ v|qlyrmvkyv/ ]k| tmjj bmon jmv~ln RMV^G gon Jlgnly qkvm~mkov ~eg~ gyl grgmjgijl ~eyk|dek|~ ~el fk|o~y}/ ]k| fgo gjvk qkv~ RMV^G gon Jlgnly kqlomodv g~ }k|y qykclf~/ ^k v|ivfymil* vlon go l¨hgmj ~k jmv~vlyrAjmv~vlyr/mfkyv/kyd tm~e ~el hlvvgdl3

‚v|ivfymil RMV^Gol~ ]k|y Oghl‘ %l/d/* v|ivfymil RMV^GOL ̂Cgol Nkl-/ RMV^GOL^ mv ok~ vqkovkyln* lonkyvln* ky hgmo~gmoln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl/ K~ely |vlb|j tlivm~lv mofj|nl3 ttt/sgslodk/fkh ‖ lhqktlyv qlkqjl gon kydgomsg~mkov ~k¡fylg~l qykclf~v* ylfy|m~ ~lgh hlhilyv ~k¡gvvmv~* gon ~ygf` ~elmy ~k~gj rkj|o~lly mhqgf~/ il~g/ygskk/fkh ‖ qykhk~lv vkfmgj dkkn gon movqmylv k~elyv ~k dl~ morkjrln i} hg`mod dmrmod gon vlyrmod b|o* lgv}* gon hlgomodb|j/ ttt/fegodl/kyd ‖ ~ygovbkyhv vkfmgj gf~mrmvh i} vlyrmod gv ~el flo~ygj qjg~bkyh ~eg~ fkoolf~v jm`lhmonln qlkqjl* teg~lrly ~elmy mo~lylv~v* gon logijlv ~elh ~k lufegodl mobkyhg~mko* vegyl mnlgv* gon fkjjlf~mrlj} gf~ ~k¡gnnylvv ~el mvv|lv ~el} fgyl gik|~/ dmrmod91/omod/fkh ‖ g fkhh|om~} kb qlkqjl tek tky` bky Tli 9/1 fkhqgomlv tek¡dl~ ~kdl~ely ~k¡rkj|o~lly bky fegym~gijl kydgomsg~mkov/ êl dyk|q |vlv Omod ~k kydgomsl* fkhh|omfg~l* gon ylfy|m~ k~elyv/ ttt/mnlgjmv~/kyd ‖ go mo~lygf~mrl vm~l telyl qlkqjl gon kydgomsg~mkov fgo lufegodl ylvk|yflv gon mnlgv* jkfg~l kqqky~|om~mlv gon v|qqky~lyv/ Fkhhko Gqqjmfgo~ Fkoflyov êl Fkhh|om~} Hgo} RMV^G gqqjmfgo~v hg} olrly egrl illo ~k }k|y dlkdygqemfgj gylg/ ]k| vek|jn ~y} ~k¡dmrl ~elh vkhl |onlyv~gonmod kb ~el f|j~|yl kb }k|y fkhh|om~} ilbkyl ~el} gyl qjgfln tm~e }k|y qykclf~/ Il qylqgyln ~k govtly w|lv~mkov gik|~ }k|y ~kto”v nlhkdygqemfv* tlg~ely* gon q|ijmf ~ygovqky~g~mko/ Mb }k| nlfmnl ~eg~ }k| tk|jn jm`l ~k¡ylfkhhlon go gqqjmfgo~ bky qjgflhlo~* fkovmnly hgmjmod ~el monmrmn|gj iykfe|ylv bykh }k|y jkfgj Feghily kb Fkhhlyfl* jkfgj oltvqgqlyv* gon k~ely mobkyhg~mko ~eg~ tmjj eljq gfw|gmo~ ~el qykvqlf~mrl RMV^G tm~e }k|y ~kto/ Ek|vmod+Vgbl~} Gv g vqkovky* }k| gyl ylw|lv~ln ~k¡gvvmv~ RMV^Gv mo jkfg~mod ek|vmod/ Ektlrly* }k|y kydgomsg~mko mv ok~ ylvqkovmijl bky vlf|ymod ek|vmod bky RMV^Gv/ Mom~mgjj}* }k| olln ~k mnlo~mb} g qjgfl bky ~el RMV^G ~k¡v~g} bky ~el bmyv~ tll` ky ~tk* qlyegqv tm~e g v~gbb qlyvko ky gok~ely RMV^G tek¡egv lu~yg ykkh/ %Il v|yl ~el qlyvko ollnv ~emv eljq0 vkhl~mhlv ~el olt RMV^G hg} gjylgn} òkt vkhlkol tm~e tekh el ky vel fgo v~g}/-

7<



B|y~ely gvvmv~gofl mo mnlo~mb}mod go moluqlovmrl qjgfl ~k jmrl fgo il qykrmnln mo rgymk|v tg}v/ Mb }k| òkt kb k~ely RMV^Gv mo ~el gylg tek¡gyl mo~lylv~ln mo egrmod g ykkhhg~l* kbbly ~k¡fkoolf~ ~elh/ Ky* vlon ~el RMV^G g jmv~mod kb grgmjgijl gqgy~hlo~v gon fmyfjl ~ekvl jmv~modv mo gylgv ~eg~ gyl vgbl* fkorlomlo~* gon gbbkyngijl/ Lgfe RMV^G ylflmrlv g hko~ej} v|ivmv~lofl gjjktgofl %~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl tmjj qykrmnl vqlfmbmf yg~lv- ~k¡fkrly ek|vmod* bkkn* |~mjm~mlv* gon k~ely jmrmod fkv~v/ RMV^Gv tek¡h|v~ yljkfg~l mo kynly ~k¡vlyrl ylflmrl g yljkfg~mko gjjktgofl/ Fko~gf~ }k|y Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ~k jlgyo ~el ghk|o~ kb ~emv gjjktgofl bky }k|y gylg igvln ko jkfgj vl~~jmod¨mo luqlovlv/ ^ygrlj êl Fkyqkyg~mko qg}v bky ~el RMV^G”v ~ygrlj ~k Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %QVK- gon ~k ~el qykclf~ vm~l/ Mb ~el RMV^G qjgov ~k ~ygrlj i} gmy %ky ~ygmo ky i|v-* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl tmjj q|yfegvl ~el ~mf`l~ bky ~el RMV^G g~ g dkrlyohlo~ yg~l/ Mb }k| ylw|myl ~el RMV^G ~k¡egrl g rlemfjl grgmjgijl n|ymod ~el RMV^G”v }lgy kb vlyrmfl* ~elo ~el Fkyqkyg~mko fgo ylmhi|yvl ~el RMV^G bky hmjlgdl ~k ~el QVK gon ~elo ~k¡~el qykclf~ vm~l/ êl ylmhi|yvlhlo~ yg~l mv grgmjgijl g~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Kofl go gqqjmfgo~ egv illo gqqykrln ~k¡~ygrlj ~k¡Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko* }k| tmjj olln ~k¡nmvf|vv tm~e ~el gqqjmfgo~ emv+ely qylblyyln hl~ekn kb ~ygovqky~g~mko/ Mb g qlyvkogj rlemfjl mv ok~ ylw|myln bky ~el RMV^G”v }lgy kb vlyrmfl gon ~el RMV^G fekkvlv ~k¡nymrl mov~lgn kb bj}* ~el RMV^G tmjj ylflmrl g ylmhi|yvlhlo~ g~ ~el dkrlyohlo~ yg~l bky g kol¨tg} gmyjmol ~mf`l~/ Kofl ~el RMV^G fgonmng~l fkhh|omfg~lv ~el qylblyyln hknl kb ~ygrlj ~k ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* g ylqylvlo~g~mrl kb ~el RMV^G Hlhily V|qqky~ \om~ tmjj fko~gf~ ~el fgonmng~l ~k¡hg`l ~ygrlj gyygodlhlo~v ~k ~el olu~ QVK/ RMV^G ^ygmomod Ilbkyl RMV^Gv ildmo vlyrmfl* ~el} fkhqjl~l go kojmol ~ygmomod gon ~elo g~~lon g ~eyll¨ng} QVK fkon|f~ln i} Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb/ êl QVK ylmobkyflv ~el ~lyhv gon fkonm~mkov kb RMV^G vlyrmfl gon ~el qykdygh”v hmvvmko ~k¡hkrl fkhh|om~mlv k|~ kb qkrly~}* gon mo~ykn|flv vkhl dlolygj ~lfeomw|lv ollnln mo ~el RMV^G gvvmdohlo~* v|fe gv rkj|o~lly ylfy|m~hlo~* b|onygmvmod* gon fkhh|om~} nlrljkqhlo~/ Olt RMV^Gv gyl gjvk vtkyo¨mo g~ ~el QVK ~k ildmo ~elmy vlyrmfl }lgy/ Mhhlnmg~lj} bkjjktmod ~el QVK* ~el RMV^G gyymrlv g~ ~el qykclf~ vm~l ~k ildmo Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko* qykrmnln i} ~el vqkovky/ êl Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko fkrlyv ~el vqlfmbmf vlyrmfl gf~mrm~mlv mo temfe ~el RMV^G tmjj il lodgdln/ Lgyj} mo ~el vlyrmfl* RMV^Gv fgo g~~lon Mo Vlyrmfl ^ygmomodv ~eg~ bkf|v ko vqlfmbmf v`mjj i|mjnmod mo gylgv v|fe gv dygo~ tym~mod* bmogofmgj jm~lygf}* rkj|o~lly nlrljkqhlo~* fkjjgikyg~mko gon qgy~olyvemq* gon hgy`l~mod gon hlnmg/ Elgj~e Fkrlygdl gon Jmbl Mov|ygofl Elgj~e fkrlygdl mv qykrmnln g~ ok¡fkv~ ~k¡~el RMV^G0 ektlrly* m~ nklv ok~ fkrly qyllumv~mod fkonm~mkov/ êl GhlymFkyqv RMV^G Elgj~e Ilolbm~v Qykdygh mv ok~ g fkhqylelovmrl elgj~e qjgo* i|~ m~ fkrlyv hkv~ hlnmfgj ollnv gon lhlydlofmlv g RMV^G hg} lofk|o~ly n|ymod ~el }lgy kb vlyrmfl/ êl elgj~e fkrlygdl mv bky RMV^Gv koj} gon nklv ok~ gqqj} ~k vqk|vlv ky nlqlonlo~v/ Jmbl mov|ygofl mv go kq~mko ~eg~ g

72



RMV^G hg} q|yfegvl g~ g okhmogj nln|f~mko bykh ~el imtll`j} v|ivmv~lofl gjjktgofl/

V~|nlo~ Jkgo

Nlblyhlo~v

Gjj RMV^Gv lgyomod g Vldgj GhlymFkyqv Ln|fg~mko Gtgyn gyl ljmdmijl bky og~mkogj vlyrmfl bkyilgygofl* hlgomod ~el Fkyqkyg~mko qg}v ~el mo~lylv~ ~eg~ gffy|lv ko jkgov n|ymod ~el RMV^G”v ~lyh kb vlyrmfl/ Gjj RMV^Gv* tel~ely ~el} egrl ljlf~ln ~el ln|fg~mko gtgyn ky ~el qkv~¨vlyrmfl v~mqlon* hg} il ljmdmijl bky k~ely ~}qlv kb qkv~qkolhlo~v/ ^k¡qkv~qkol ylqg}hlo~ kb w|gjmbmln v~|nlo~ jkgov* RMV^Gv h|v~ ylw|lv~ ‚bkyilgygofl‘ bky ~el qg}hlo~ kb ~elmy jkgo g~ ~el ildmoomod kb ~elmy vlyrmfl/ Vmofl ~elyl gyl vlrlygj ~}qlv kb bkyilgygoflv gon nlblyhlo~v* lgfe tm~e m~v kto |omw|l fegygf~lymv~mfv gon qkvvmijl jmhm~g~mkov* RMV^Gv vek|jn felf` tm~e ~elmy jkgo ekjnlyv ~k vll temfe ~}ql kb bkyilgygofl ky nlblyhlo~ gqqjmlv ~k¡~elmy jkgo/ Gnnm~mkogjj}* RMV^Gv gyl ljmdmijl bky qgy~mgj fgofljjg~mko kb Qly`mov jkgov mb ~el} fekkvl ~el qkv~¨vlyrmfl v~mqlon %mo jml| kb ~el Vldgj GhlymFkyqv Ln|fg~mko Gtgyn- gon fkhqjl~l g~ jlgv~ kol b|jj }lgy kb vlyrmfl/ RMV^Gv vek|jn felf` tm~e ~elmy jlonly fkoflyomod ~emv fgofljjg~mko kq~mko/ Hkyl nl~gmjv gyl grgmjgijl mo Fegq~ly 2 kb ~el RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk`/

74



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fegq~ly >GhlymFkyqv RMV^G Vljlf~mko

MO ÊMV FEGQ^LY V~lqv Bykh Ylfy|m~hlo~ ~k¡Gyymrgj Mo~lyrmltmod Gqqjmfgo~v Mo~lyrmltmod ^lfeomw|lv

‖ Qylqgyg~mko bky ~el Mo~lyrmlt ‖ V~y|f~|yl kb ~el Mo~lyrmlt ‖ Mobkyhg~mko Dg~elymod ‖ Qykrmnmod @l} Mobkyhg~mko ‖ Fjkvmod ~el Mo~lyrmlt ‖ Jkk`mod bky @l} Qlyvkogj W|gjm~mlv

V~gongyn Vljlf~mko Fym~lymg bky RMV^G Gqqjmfgo~v Vljlf~mko Fkovmnlyg~mko

‖ Fymhmogj Emv~ky} Mvv|lv Yljg~ln ~k¡RMV^G Vljlf~mko Ylfkhhlonmod Gqqjmfgo~v bky Vlyrmfl

V~lqv Bykh Ylfy|m~hlo~ ~k Gyymrgj Mb }k|y ylfy|m~hlo~ lbbky~v gyl v|fflvvb|j* }k| vek|jn egrl vlrlygj RMV^G fgonmng~lv bykh temfe ~k ylfkhhlon vljlf~mko/ Dl~~mod ~el ymde~ RMV^Gv mv fym~mfgj bky ~el v|fflvv kb }k|y RMV^G qykclf~/ êmv fegq~ly qykrmnlv }k| vkhl ylvk|yflv bky hg`mod ~eg~ mhqky~go~ ylfkhhlong~mko/ M~ mv mhqky~go~ ~k¡ok~l ~eg~ telo g vqkovky ylfkhhlonv vljlf~mko kb go gqqjmfgo~ bky ~el qykclf~* ~el qlyvko mv ok~ d|gygo~lln ~k¡ilfkhl g RMV^G/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl h|v~ gqqykrl ~el gqqjmfg~mko* gon ~el gqqjmfgo~ h|v~ v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~l ~el Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %QVK-/ Vljlf~mko g|~ekym~} ylhgmov tm~e ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ êl ~gijl iljkt mv go krlyrmlt kb ~el v~lqv morkjrln bykh ~el ~mhl g qlyvko gqqjmlv ~k¡}k|y qykclf~ ~k telo ~el qlyvko gyymrlv ko vm~l/

V~lq Nlvfymq~mko Gqqjmfg~mko v|ihm~~ln êl gqqjmfgo~ v|ihm~v go gqqjmfg~mko bky g qykclf~/ Vqkovky ylrmltv gqqjmfg~mko

êl vqkovky ylrmltv ~el gqqjmfg~mko/ Mb ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv w|gjmbmln bky ~el qkvm~mko* ~el vqkovky felf`v ylblyloflv gon fkon|f~v go mo~lyrmlt/

Vqkovky ylfkhhlonv gqqjmfgo~ êl vqkovky ylfkhhlonv vljlf~mko kb kol gqqjmfgo~ bky g

fly~gmo qykclf~/ Gqqjmfgo~ gdyllv ~k qkvm~mko

Vqkovky ok~mbmlv ~el gqqjmfgo~ kb ylfkhhlonln vljlf~mko i} lhgmj* gon ~el gqqjmfgo~ gdyllv ~k ~el qkvm~mko/ Mb ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv ~el ylfkhhlon vljlf~mko bky hkyl ~ego kol qkvm~mko* ~el gqqjmfgo~ h|v~ fekkvl koj} kol/

V~g~l kbbmfl gqqykrlv gqqjmfgo~ Gb~ly ~el gqqjmfgo~ gdyllv ~k vlyrl ko g qgy~mf|jgy qykclf~*

~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ylrmltv gon gqqykrlv ky 75



V~lq Nlvfymq~mko nlomlv ~el gqqjmfg~mko/ Gqqykrgj mv fko~modlo~ |qko igf`dyk|on gon v|m~gimjm~} felf`v* gon grgmjgimjm~} kb ylvk|yflv/

\qko

gqqykrgj*

~el

gqqjmfgo~

ilfkhlv

g

RMV^G

fgonmng~l/

V~g~l kbbmfl morm~lv fgonmng~l ~k QVK

êl Fkyqkyg~mko morm~lv ~el fgonmng~l ~k Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko %QVK-/ %êmv h|v~ kff|y g hmomh|h kb >< ng}v ilbkyl ~el v~gy~ kb ~el QVK-

Fgonmng~l g~~lonv QVK Fgonmng~l g~~lonv gon v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~lv QVK gon mv vtkyo mo gv RMV^G/

RMV^G gyymrlv g~ qykclf~ RMV^G gyymrlv ko vm~l gon ildmov vlyrmfl/

Mo~lyrmltmod Gqqjmfgo~v ^k nl~lyhmol temfe gqqjmfgo~v }k| tgo~ ~k¡ylfkhhlon* m~ mv mhqky~go~ ~eg~ }k| il ~ekyk|dej} bghmjmgy tm~e ~el RMV^G gon qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv gon ylvqkon w|mf`j} ~k gqqjmfg~mkov telo ~el} fkhl mo/ ]k| vek|jn nmylf~ mo~lylv~ln monmrmn|gjv ~k¡fkhqjl~l ~el GhlymFkyqv Hlhily Gqqjmfg~mko kojmol g~ ttt/GhlymFkyqv/dkr/ Telo }k| egrl ylrmltln ~el gqqjmfg~mkov* fkon|f~ mo~lyrmltv tm~e }k|y hkv~ fkhql~m~mrl gqqjmfgo~v/ êl mo~lyrmltv qykrmnl }k| tm~e go kqqky~|om~} ~k¡nl~lyhmol tel~ely g hg~fe il~tllo ~el gqqjmfgo~ gon }k|y RMV^G qykclf~ tk|jn il v|fflvvb|j/ êl gqqjmfgo~v vek|jn il mo~lyrmltln i} gjj v|qlyrmvkyv„~el krlygjj qykclf~ v|qlyrmvky gv tljj gv go} vm~l v|qlyrmvky tek tmjj tky` nmylf~j} tm~e ~el RMV^G/ Il v|yl ~k¡vlon yljlrgo~ qykdygh mobkyhg~mko* v|fe gv ~el RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko gon ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo* ~k¡~el gqqjmfgo~v qymky ~k ~el mo~lyrmlt/ Mo~lyrmlt ^lfeomw|lv êlyl gyl ~tk¡qlyvqlf~mrlv mo go mo~lyrmlt3 }k|yv gon ~el gqqjmfgo~”v/ êlylbkyl* vqlon ~mhl ~emo`mod gik|~ ik~e/ ]k|y dkgj vek|jn il ~k qykrmnl mobkyhg~mko gik|~ }k|y qykdygh gon ~k¡jlgyo hkyl gik|~ ~el gqqjmfgo~/ Go mo~lyrmlt mv ok~ ~el ~mhl ~k fkormofl vkhlkol ~k ilfkhl g RMV^G/ M~ mv go kqqky~|om~} ~k¡gvvlvv b|y~ely go gqqjmfgo~”v gqqykqymg~lolvv bky RMV^G vlyrmfl gon ~k ylgfe go |onlyv~gonmod gon gdyllhlo~ ko luqlf~g~mkov gon ylvqkovmimjm~mlv* temfe tmjj monmfg~l ~k lgfe kb }k| tel~ely g hg~fe il~tllo ~el gqqjmfgo~ gon }k|y RMV^G qykclf~ gvvmdohlo~ tk|jn il v|fflvvb|j/ êl mo~lyrmlt* temfe vek|jn jgv~ gik|~ go ek|y* hg} il fkon|f~ln mo qlyvko ky krly ~el qekol/ ]k| gon ~el gqqjmfgo~ tmjj jm`lj} nmvf|vv vkhl kb ~el bkjjktmod ~kqmfv3

êl RGN gon RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo êl gqqjmfgo~”v ylgvkov bky fkovmnlymod RMV^G vlyrmfl ]k|y luqlf~g~mkov bky ~el RMV^G qykclf~ gon ~el RMV^G%v- gvvmdoln ~k¡m~ êl gqqjmfgo~”v luqlf~g~mkov gon fkoflyov gik|~ vlyrmod ko ~el RMV^G qykclf~ bky kol }lgy Go} luqlymlofl ~el gqqjmfgo~ egv jmrmod gon tky`mod mo g jkt¨mofkhlfkhh|om~}

7=



V|qqky~ ~eg~ fk|jn il qykrmnln ~k ~el b|~|yl RMV^G* v|fe gv ek|vmodgvvmv~gofl* ~ygmomod* gon hlo~kymodêl gqqjmfgo~”v luqlymloflv jmrmod gon tky`mod tm~e qlkqjl tek hg} il nmbblylo~ bykh ~elh êl gqqjmfgo~”v qylblyloflv gon bjlumimjm~} gik|~ RMV^G gvvmdohlo~v gon dlkdygqemf qjgflhlo~ Tky` vfeln|jlv* vfeln|jmod jlgrl* gv tljj gv k~ely qkjmfmlv ~eg~ gyl vqlfmbmf ~k¡}k|y kydgomsg~mko* v|fe gv ny|d¨~lv~mod

Qylqgyg~mko bky ~el Mo~lyrmlt Ylrmlt gqqjmfg~mko gon yív|hí/ Felf` bky mofkhqjl~l mobkyhg~mko* gv tljj gv qykijlhv ky nmvfylqgofmlv/ Felf` ylblyloflv/ êl RMV^G gqqjmfg~mko ylw|mylv ~tk qlyvkogj ylblyloflv/ Bkyh|jg~l w|lv~mkov/ ^y} ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ }k| gv` lgfe gqqjmfgo~ ~el vghl vl~ kb w|lv~mkov/ Nk¡ok~ `llq ~el gqqjmfgo~ tgm~mod0 grkmn mo~lyy|q~mkov/ @llq n}oghmf kb ~ljlqekol mo~lyrmlt mo hmon/ Ekt tmjj ~emv tky` ilv~ bky }k|; Teg~ nk¡}k| olln ~k¡òkt gon ekt fgo ~eg~ il gfemlrln;

V~y|f~|yl kb ~el Mo~lyrmlt Mo~ykn|fl }k|yvljb* mofj|nl vhgjj ~gj`* nmvf|vv ok~l¨~g`mod* l~f/ Vl~ ~el ~kol/ Hg`l ~el gqqjmfgo~ bllj fkhbky~gijl* i|~ ylhgmo qykblvvmkogj/ Mobkyh ~el gqqjmfgo~ ~eg~ ~el mo~lyrmlt mv c|v~ gv h|fe bky ~elh gv m~ mv bky }k| gon ~eg~ ~el} vek|jn ok~ elvm~g~l ~k gv` w|lv~mkov/ Ektlrly* v|ddlv~ ~eg~ ~el} hg} tgo~ ~k¡vgrl w|lv~mkov |o~mj ~el lon kb ~el fkorlyvg~mko* gv ~emv tmjj `llq mo~lyrmlt bkf|vln gon vgrl ~mhl/ Vl~ ~mhl jmhm~ ‖ M egrl vfeln|jln go ek|y bky ~emv mo~lyrmlt* temfe vek|jn gjjkt qjlo~} kb ~mhl bky }k|y w|lv~mkov/ Nlvfymil ~el vqkovky kydgomsg~mko* ~el qykclf~* gon ~el qkvm~mko/

Mobkyhg~mko Dg~elymod Gv` fkhqylelovmrl* kqlo¨lonln w|lv~mkov/ M~ hg} il eljqb|j ~k¡vl~ |q g ykjl qjg} kb vky~v %l/d/* vg} ~k¡gqqjmfgo~3 Jl~”v mhgdmol M gh }k|y kjn bymlon bykh vfekkj/ ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el RMV^G qkvm~mko bky temfe }k| gyl gqqj}mod/- Ildmo tm~e iykgn w|lv~mkov0 ~elo gv` vqlfmbmf kolv ~k eljq }k| ~k¡nygt k|~ gon dgmo vqlfmbmf mobkyhg~mko %l/d/* bykh ~el vflogymk¡gikrl }k| hg} hkrl mo hgo} nmylf~mkov nlqlonmod teg~ ~el qlyvko vg}v/ M~ hg} ilfkhl fjlgy ~eg~ go monmrmn|gj nklv ok~ egrl lok|de ky gff|yg~l mobkyhg~mko gik|~ }k|y kydgomsg~mko ky RMV^G gon }k| fgo bmjj mo ~el olflvvgy} dgqv-/ V|hhgymsl gon ylv~g~l teg~ }k| elgy ~k¡hg`l v|yl }k| egrl |onlyv~kkn ~el mobkyhg~mko fkyylf~j}/

Qykrmnmod @l} Mobkyhg~mko ]k|y gqqjmfgo~v vek|jn il gtgyl kb `l} ljlhlo~v yljg~ln ~k¡}k|y RMV^G qkvm~mko ~eg~ gyl qykigij} fko~gmoln mo mobkyhg~mko ~eg~ vek|jn egrl illo ylrmltln i} gqqjmfgo~ qymky ~k mo~lyrmlt* i|~ m~ mv lvvlo~mgj ~eg~ }k| nmvf|vv ~emv tm~e lgfe gqqjmfgo~/ ^kqmfv vek|jn mofj|nl3

91



‖ Luqlf~g~mkov kb ~el ~mhl fkhhm~hlo~ gon vqlfmbmf ek|yv* mofj|nmod qykemim~mko kb egrmod k|~vmnl lhqjk}hlo~ ky g~~lonmod vfekkj n|ymod ~el }lgy kb vlyrmfl

‖ Ko¨~el¨cki ~ygmomod ylw|mylhlo~v gv tljj gv ~el olln bky k|~¨kb¨

~kto ~ygmomodv+kymlo~g~mko ‖ ^ygrlj ylmhi|yvlhlo~ qykfln|ylv ‖ Lugf~ ghk|o~ kb ~el jmrmod gjjktgofl gon ~el gqqjmfgo~”v gimjm~} ~k

hgogdl ko ~eg~ ghk|o~* mofj|nmod qg}mod ylo~* k|~vmnl jkgov* ky fgy mov|ygofl* l~f/

‖ Ek|vmod fkv~ gon grgmjgimjm~} kb v|m~gijl ek|vmod %lvqlfmgjj} mhqky~go~ bky k|~¨kb¨~kto gon og~mkogjj} ylfy|m~ln gqqjmfgo~v-

‖ ^gulv gon nlblyhlo~ kb v~|nlo~ jkgov ‖ K~ely ilolbm~v ~eg~ hg} il qgy~ kb }k|y qykdygh gon ekt ~eg~

tky`v %l/d/* hlnmfgj mov|ygofl- Fjkvmod ~el Mo~lyrmlt

Il ekolv~ gon gv vqlfmbmf gv qkvvmijl mo nlvfymimod ~el cki gon tky`lormykohlo~/ M~ mv ilv~ ~eg~ ~el gqqjmfgo~”v luqlf~g~mkov gyl ylgjmv~mfyldgynmod ~el fegjjlodmod gvqlf~v kb ~el qkvm~mko/Luqjgmo ~el gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv* gon mobkyh ~el gqqjmfgo~ teg~ tmjj egqqlo olu~ mo ~el qykflvv/ Bky qykhmvmod gqqjmfgo~v* lv~gijmve bkjjkt¨|q/ Vqljj k|~ }k|y fkoflyov mb }k| egrl w|lv~mkov ky nk|i~v* gon jl~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ ylvqkon/ Luqjgmo fgjhj} te} }k| fgook~ gfflq~ ~el qlyvko g~ ~emv ~mhl* mb }k| gyl ok~ mo~lylv~ln mo g fgonmng~l/ Dmrl vqlfmbmf lughqjlv kb ekt el ky vel nklv ok~ hll~ ~el fym~lymg/ êl gqqjmfgo~ hg} il w|gjmbmln bky gok~ely GhlymFkyqv qkvm~mko* vk¡ylfkhhlon ~eg~ ~el} ylvlgyfe k~ely qykdyghv/ Qylqgyl bky ~el lrgj|g~mko gon nkf|hlo~g~mko kb ~el mo~lyrmlt/ Mnlo~mb} mvv|lv kb fkoflyo bky bkjjkt¨|q/ Nkf|hlo~ ~elvl fkoflyov ko Vqkovky Lrgj|g~mko Bkyh mo ~el H} GhlymFkyqv qky~gj/

Jkk`mod bky @l} Qlyvkogj W|gjm~mlv êyk|dek|~ ~el mo~lyrmlt* }k| vek|jn jkk` bky ~el vqlfmbmf w|gjmbmfg~mkov }k| egrl nlrljkqln gv ‚òkf`¨k|~ bgf~kyv‘„ g~~ymi|~lv ~eg~ }k| tmjj |vl ~k¡vfyllo k|~ |ow|gjmbmln gqqjmfgo~v/ Kofl }k| egrl ogyyktln ~el gqqjmfgo~v mo ~emv hgooly* }k| fgo bkf|v hkyl vegyqj} ko w|gjm~}/ G~ ~emv qkmo~ mo ~el lrgj|g~mko qykflvv* ~el ok~lv }k| ~kk` n|ymod ~el mo~lyrmlt tmjj jm`lj} vlyrl gv ~el hkv~ mhqky~go~ vk|yfl kb mobkyhg~mko mo hg`mod }k|y bmogj nlfmvmko/ Vkhl bgf~kyv }k| hg} tgo~ ~k fkovmnly mofj|nl3

Hk~mrg~mko ‖ Vljb¨v~gy~ly igf`dyk|on ‖ Fkhh|om~} vlyrmfl ‖ Nldyll gon+ky luqlymlofl ‖ Qlyvkogj gon qykblvvmkogj dkgjv ‖ V`mjjv Fkhhm~hlo~ ‖ Qylrmk|v fkhhm~hlo~v ‖ Dkgjv ok~ hl~ gon te}

97



‖ Lu~lo~ kb morkjrlhlo~ mo kydgomsg~mkov Hg~|ym~} ‖ Qlyvmv~lofl krly nmbbmf|j~mlv ‖ Ylvqkovmimjm~mlv gfflq~ln mo ~el qgv~ ~eg~ tlyl gikrl gon il}kon ~el

okyh ‖ Lrmnlofl kb gngq~gimjm~}* ~kjlygofl* gon gimjm~} ~k tky` tm~e g tmnl rgyml~}

kb qlkqjl V~gongyn Vljlf~mko Fym~lymg bky RMV^G Gqqjmfgo~v Hgo} bgf~kyv eljq nl~lyhmol tel~ely go gqqjmfgo~* lm~ely og~mkogjj} ky jkfgjj} ylfy|m~ln* mv v|m~ln ~k¡g vqlfmbmf RMV^G qkvm~mko/ êl bkjjktmod vljlf~mko fym~lymg* ok~ hlgo~ ~k¡il gjj¨lofkhqgvvmod* vek|jn il rmltln gv d|mnlqkv~v mo ylfkhhlonmod gqqjmfgo~v ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ hll~ ~el bkjjktmod hmomh|h v~gongynv kb ljmdmimjm~}3

Il g~ jlgv~ 75¨}lgyv¨kjn |qko lo~lymod RMV^G ~ygmomod/ êlyl mv ok¡|qqly gdl jmhm~ Il g \/V/ fm~mslo ky egrl qlyhgolo~ ylvmnlo~ v~g~|v Ok~ jmv~ln mo ~el Og~mkogj Vlu Kbblonly Yldmv~y} ng~gigvl gv fkormf~ln kb g vluÿljg~ln fymhl Il mo g qkvm~mko ~k¡kbbly b|jj¨~mhl vlyrmfl bky kol }lgy tm~ek|~ yldgyn ~k yld|jgy tky`mod ek|yv Il gijl ~k luemim~ qylrmk|v ln|fg~mko* ~ygmomod* hmjm~gy}* ky tky` luqlymlofl* gon go} k~ely yljlrgo~ v`mjjv ky mo~lylv~v olflvvgy} ~k¡qlybkyh g vqlfmbmf RMV^G gvvmdohlo~ ^k ~el hgumh|h lu~lo~ qygf~mfgijl* il tmjjmod ~k¡jmrl ghkod gon g~ ~el lfkokhmf jlrlj kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl qlkqjl vlyrln i} ~el qykclf~

Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ gjvk¡|onlyv~gon ~el RMV^Gv vlyrl ko g b|jj¨~mhl igvmv0 ~elylbkyl* ~el} fgook~ ekjn qgy~¨~mhl ckiv* loykjj mo vfekkj luflq~ mo jmhm~ln fmyf|hv~goflv gv ok~ln iljkt* ky il ~el v|iclf~ kb jldgj qykfllnmodv %fmrmj ky fymhmogj- ~eg~ hg} fkov|hl ~mhl ollnln bky ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v/ RMV^G vlyrmfl fgook~ il |vln ~k¡vg~mvb} vlyrmfl ylw|mylhlo~v kb qgykjl ky qykig~mko/ Vljlf~mko Fkovmnlyg~mko Ylblyloflv/ Il v|yl ~el ylblyloflv hll~ ~el gqqjmfg~mko ylw|mylhlo~v/ Jkk` bky g igjgofl ghkod rkfg~mkogj* ln|fg~mkogj* gon qlyvkogj ylblyloflv/ ^y} ~k dl~ go |onlyv~gonmod kb ~el gqqjmfgo~ gv g tekjl qlyvko/ Bkjjkt¨|q qekol fgjjv hg} il olflvvgy}/ Lhqjk}hlo~/ Qgv~ cki luqlymlofl hg} il yljlrgo~ ~k¡g RMV^G gvvmdohlo~* lvqlfmgjj} mb ~elyl mv vkhl nlhkov~yg~ln luqly~mvl dgmoln mo qylrmk|v qkvm~mkov ~eg~ tk|jn il |vlb|j mo ~el RMV^G gvvmdohlo~/ ^g`l ok~l kb luqlymlofl ~eg~ mofj|nlv jlgnlyvemq qkvm~mkov gon tky`mod tm~e ~el q|ijmf/ Ylhlhily ~eg~ qgy~¨~mhl gon v|hhly lhqjk}hlo~ fgo gnn ~k¡~el gqqjmfgo~”v krlygjj w|gjmbmfg~mkov/

99



Vghqjl W|lv~mkov ~k Gvvlvv Fgonmng~l”v W|gjmbmfg~mkov Hk~mrg~mko %Gvvlvvmod te} gqqjmfgo~ tgo~v ~k vlyrl mo RMV^G* ylgvko bky ckmomod-

• Teg~ nk }k| jm`l ilv~ gik|~ }k|y qylvlo~ vm~|g~mko; • Teg~ tgv ~el hkv~ ghim~mk|v dkgj }k| vl~ bky }k|yvljb mo ~el qgv~ gon ekt nmn }k| gffkhqjmve m~; • Nlvfymil }k|y bmolv~ gffkhqjmvehlo~/ • Teg~ gyl }k|y vqlfmbmf dkgjv mo ckmomod RMV^G; • ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el dylg~lv~ lbbky~ }k| egrl q|~ mo~k g qykclf~ ky ~gv`/ F|lv ~k jkk` bky3 • Mv ~el fgonmng~l g vljb¨v~gy~ly ko qykclf~v; • Ekt h|fe gon teg~ `mon kb rkj|o~lly tky` egv ~el qlyvko nkol; • Egv ~el fgonmng~l tky`ln egyn lok|de ~k hll~ emv ky ely dkgjv; • Fkovmnly ~el ~}qlv kb w|lv~mkov ~el fgonmng~l gv`v n|ymod ~el mo~lyrmlt0 nk hkv~ nlgj tm~e ~el qykclf~ ky RMV^G

ilolbm~v; • Mv ~el monmrmn|gj bjlumijl gon gngq~gijl; • Egv ~el qlyvko ~g`lo fgyl mo bmjjmod k|~ ~el gqqjmfg~mko;

Fkhhm~hlo~ %Gvvlvvmod ~el gqqjmfgo~”v òktjlndl kb qykdygh gon gimjm~} ~k fkhqjl~l ~lyh kb vlyrmfl- • Teg~ mv ~el jkodlv~ ~mhl }k| egrl illo g~ go} gf~mrm~}* k~ely ~ego vfekkj; Teg~ tgv ~el gf~mrm~} gon te} nmn }k|

v~mf` tm~e m~ vk jkod; • ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el kydgomsg~mkov }k| gyl morkjrln tm~e* gon ~el lu~lo~ kb }k|y morkjrlhlo~/ • Nlvfymil ~el gf~mrm~} }k| egrl illo ~el hkv~ fkhhm~~ln ~k0 teg~ tgv m~0 te} tlyl }k| vk fkhhm~~ln0 gon ekt nmn

}k| vekt ~eg~ fkhhm~hlo~; • ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el ~mhl }k| vgfymbmfln hkv~ bky g fkhhm~hlo~/ • Telo tgv ~el jgv~ ~mhl }k| w|m~ vkhl~emod }k| v~gy~ln; • ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el hkv~ by|v~yg~mod ky nmbbmf|j~ qykclf~+vkfmgj vm~|g~mko }k| egrl lrly lofk|o~lyln0 ~el hkv~

vg~mvb}mod; • Nlvfymil ~el jgv~ ~mhl }k| lofk|o~lyln g qykijlh/ Ekt nmn }k| ylvkjrl m~; • Nlvfymil go} fkoflyov }k| egrl gik|~ ilmod g RMV^G/ • Teg~ nk }k| ~emo` tmjj il ~el egynlv~ ~emod gik|~ ilmod g RMV^G ko ~emv qykclf~0 ~el hkv~ lufm~mod; • Ekt nk }k| bllj gik|~ jmrmod ko ~el RMV^G hko~ej} gjjktgofl; F|lv ~k jkk` bky3 • Fkovmnly qylrmk|v fkhhm~hlo~v/ • Jkk` bky lo~e|vmgvh* ylgnmolvv bky fegjjlodl* gon gimjm~} ~k nlgj tm~e gnrlyvm~}/ • Teg~ tgv g nmbbmf|j~ gon fegjjlodmod fkhhm~hlo~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ hgnl gon hl~; • Nmn ~el qlyvko bgmj ~k hll~ dkgjv gon mb vk* te}; • Teg~ bghmj} fkhhm~hlo~v egv ~el monmrmn|gj v|fflvvb|jj} hl~; • Ekt egv ~el gqqjmfgo~ illo morkjrln tm~e k~ely kydgomsg~mkov;

Hg~|ym~} %Gvvlvvmod v`mjjv gon luqlymlofl* vkfmgj gon f|j~|ygj vlovm~mrm~}* gimjm~} ~k gnc|v~- • Te} nk }k| tgo~ ~k ckmo GhlymFkyqv RMV^G; • Teg~ v~ylod~ev fgo }k| iymod ~k ~el qkvm~mko; • Teg~ mv go gylg }k| tk|jn jm`l ~k tky` ko ky ylflmrl ~ygmomod mo; • ^ljj hl gik|~ ~el jgv~ ~mhl }k| tky`ln ko go mhqky~go~ qykclf~ gon fkobyko~ln go kiv~gfjl/ • Teg~ tgv ~el hkv~ vmdombmfgo~ fegodl mo }k|y jmbl gon ekt nmn }k| egonjl m~; • Fgo }k| dmrl hl go lughqjl kb vkhl~emod }k| mom~mg~ln; • ^ljj hl gik|~ g ~mhl }k| blj~ jm`l go k|~vmnly/ • ^ljj hl gik|~ g ~mhl }k| tky`ln tm~e qlkqjl bykh g nmbblylo~ ygfmgj* l~eomf* vkfmgj* ky lfkokhmf igf`dyk|on/ • ^ljj hl gik|~ vkhl~emod %qylblygij} tky`ÿljg~ln- ~eg~ nmn ok~ ~|yo k|~ ~el tg} }k| ~ek|de~ ky ekqln m~ tk|jn/ F|lv ~k jkk` bky3 •

Egv ~el qlyvko dmrlo lughqjlv kb qlyvlrlymod mo ~el bgfl kb kiv~gfjlv; • Tgv ~el qlyvko bymlonj} mo govtlymod }k|y w|lv~mkov; • Egv ~el fgonmng~l gfflq~ln ylvqkovmimjm~mlv mo ~el qgv~ ~eg~ tlyl il}kon ~el okyh; • Egv ~el monmrmn|gj ~g`lo mom~mg~mrl; • Egv ~el fgonmng~l ~ek|de~ k|~ ylgvkov bky ckmomod RMV^G; • Tlyl ylvqkovlv ~k w|lv~mkov fjlgy gon ~ek|de~b|j; • Egv ~el fgonmng~l gv`ln yljlrgo~ w|lv~mkov; • Egv ~el qlyvko qykrmnln vqlfmbmf lughqjlv kb emv ky ely gngq~gimjm~}; • Egv fgonmng~l dmrlo lrmnlofl kb ~kjlygofl gon ~el gimjm~} ~k tky` tm~e g rgyml~} kb qlkqjl;

Ok~l3 ]k| fgook~ gv` w|lv~mkov gik|~ ~el gqqjmfgo~”v ygfl* og~mkogj kymdmo* yljmdmko* ky gdl* ky gik|~ tel~ely ~el gqqjmfgo~ egv g nmvgimjm~}/ Temjl go gqqjmfgo~ h|v~ vekt gon g~~lv~ ~eg~ el+vel mv g~ jlgv~ 75¨}lgyv¨kjn* }k| vek|jn ok~ gv` w|lv~mkov gik|~ gdl/ Temjl }k| fgo gv` mb ~el gqqjmfgo~ tk|jn olln go} vqlfmgj gffkhhkng~mkov* }k| fgook~ igvl }k|y nlfmvmko ~k ylfkhhlon ky ok~ ylfkhhlon vljlf~mko kb ~el gqqjmfgo~ ko ~emv dyk|on/

96



Ln|fg~mko/ Hg~femod go gqqjmfgo~”v gfgnlhmf igf`dyk|on tm~e g vqkovky”v vqlfmbmf ollnv mv emdej} nlvmygijl/ Fk|yvlv ky nldyllv fkhqjl~ln i} go gqqjmfgo~ vek|jn il ylrmltln mo ~el fko~lu~ kb ~el RGN/ Hmjm~gy} V~g~|v/ Vmdombmfgo~ luqlymlofl ky ln|fg~mko dgmoln ~eyk|de hmjm~gy} vlyrmfl vek|jn il b|jj} fkovmnlyln mo ylfkhhlonmod go gqqjmfgo~ bky RMV^G vlyrmfl/ Gok~ely bgf~ky ~k¡fkovmnly mv ~el ~}ql kb nmvfegydl g qlyvko ylflmrln/ Mb go gqqjmfgo~ lo~lyv RMV^G vlyrmfl ilbkyl fkhqjl~mko kb g hmjm~gy} ylvlyrl kijmdg~mko* ~el RMV^G hg} olln ~k ~ygovbly ~k¡g olt ylvlyrl |om~ ky ylw|lv~ g nlblyhlo~ kb ~el ylvlyrl kijmdg~mko |o~mj ~el lon kb RMV^G vlyrmfl/ Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl gon Rkj|o~lly Gf~mrm~mlv/ Mo vkhl tg}v* ~emv mobkyhg~mko mv ~el elgy~ kb ~el RMV^G gqqjmfg~mko/ Ekhlhg`lyv tek¡egrl g emv~ky} kb vlyrmod ~elmy fkhh|om~mlv* jmilygj gy~v dygn|g~lv tek¡egrl tky`ln tm~e nmrlyvl dyk|qv kb qlkqjl* gon yl~myln qlyvkov tek egrl g emv~ky} kb rkj|o~llymod bky tky~e} fg|vlv egrl qykrlo

~k¡il

k|~v~gonmod

RMV^Gv/

Hk~mrg~mko V~g~lhlo~/ Ylgn ~emv qky~mko kb ~el gqqjmfg~mko fgylb|jj}/ Mnlgjj}* go gqqjmfgo~”v hk~mrg~mko mv g igjgofl kb gj~y|mvh gon g nlvmyl bky qlyvkogj gon+ky qykblvvmkogj dykt~e/ B|y~ely nmvf|vvmkov gyl ollnln mb g ‚fegodl kb vfloly}‘ mv ~el koj} jmv~ln hk~mrg~mko/ Hlnmfgj/ M~ mv ok~ gqqykqymg~l ky jldgj ~k gv` qymky ~k¡ylfkhhlong~mko ~k¡vljlf~ ky ok~ vljlf~ tel~ely go gqqjmfgo~ egv g nmvgimjm~}/ Qlyvkov tm~e nmvgimjm~mlv gyl ljmdmijl ~k¡vlyrl gv RMV^Gv mb ~el} hll~ gjj ~el ylw|mylhlo~v/ Mo bgf~* v|fe monmrmn|gjv vek|jn il lofk|ygdln ~k¡vlyrl/ Go} vqlfmgj ollnv h|v~ il ylgvkogij} gffkhhkng~ln mo gffkyngofl tm~e ~el Ylegimjm~g~mko Gf~ kb 7=46* gv ghlonln/ Femjnylo gon Nlqlonlo~v/ M~ mv ok~ gqqykqymg~l ~k¡gv` qymky ~k vljlf~mko tel~ely go gqqjmfgo~ egv femjnylo ky nlqlonlo~v/ Gqqjmfgo~v vek|jn il gnrmvln* ektlrly* ~eg~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko gvv|hlv ok¡bmogofmgj ylvqkovmimjm~}* mofj|nmod elgj~e v|qqky~* bky nlqlonlo~v kb RMV^Gv/ Fymhmogj Emv~ky} Mvv|lv Yljg~ln ~k RMV^G Vljlf~mko êl Fkyqkyg~mko h|v~ ~g`l mo~k gffk|o~ go gqqjmfgo~”v fymhmogj emv~ky} mo nl~lyhmomod ~el v|m~gimjm~} ky bm~olvv kb go gqqjmfgo~/ Hg`mod v|fe g nl~lyhmog~mko fgo il fkhqjlu/ Ghkod ~el fym~lymg fkovmnlyln mo nl~lyhmomod ~el v|m~gimjm~} kb go gqqjmfgo~ tm~e g fymhmogj emv~ky} gyl ~el bkjjktmod3

Og~|yl gon vlrlym~} kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v fymhl%v- O|hily gon bylw|lof} kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v fymhmogj fkormf~mkov Jlod~e kb ~mhl ljgqvln vmofl ~el gqqjmfgo~”v hkv~ ylflo~ fkormf~mko gon mofgyflyg~mko0 tel~ely ~elyl egv illo gnlw|g~l ~mhl vmofl mofgyflyg~mko bky ~el gqqjmfgo~ ~k¡iymod emv ky ely ilegrmky mo~k fkhqjmgofl tm~e ~el jgtv kb k|y vkfml~}0 gon tel~ely* |qko fkovmnlyg~mko kb gjj grgmjgijl mobkyhg~mko* m~ fgo il nl~lyhmoln ~eg~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ egv nlhkov~yg~ln* krly g v|bbmfmlo~ qlymkn* ~eg~ el ky vel egv gf~|gjj} gfflq~ln gon fkhqjmln tm~e jgtv qykemim~mod fymhmogj ilegrmky Tel~ely ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv f|yylo~j} ko qgykjl ky qykig~mko0 mb vk* teg~ fkonm~mkov gyl mhqkvln i} ~el lo~m~} tm~e c|ymvnmf~mko krly ~el gqqjmfgo~; Ok~l ~eg~ RMV^G vlyrmfl hg} ok~ il |vln gv g fkonm~mko bky qgykjl ky qykig~mko/

9>



Monmrmn|gjv fkormf~ln |only blnlygj ky v~g~l jgt kb ~el qkvvlvvmko ky vgjl kb g fko~ykjjln v|iv~gofl gyl ok~ ljmdmijl ~k¡|vl ~el Ljm Vldgj GhlymFkyqv Ln|fg~mko Gtgyn bykh ~el ng~l kb ~el fkormf~mko |o~mj ~el lon kb g vqlfmbmln qlymkn igvln ko ~el ~}ql kb fkormf~mko/ Fko~gf~ ~el ^y|v~ Kbbmfl ~k¡jlgyo hkyl gik|~ ~emv ylv~ymf~mko/ Tel~ely ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv jmv~ln ko ~el Og~mkogj Vlu Kbblonly Yldmv~y}ng~gigvl0 mb vk* ~el gqqjmfgo~ fgook~ vlyrl gv RMV^Gv/Tky` emv~ky} kb ~el gqqjmfgo~ qymky ~k gon vmofl mofgyflyg~mko V~gimjm~} kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v ekhl* tky`* gon fkhh|om~} lormykohlo~v %l/d/* mv ~elyl go} nkf|hlo~g~mko* v|fe gv ylblyloflv* ~eg~ g~~lv~v ~k¡~el qlyvkogj emv~ky} kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v b|of~mkomod mo ~el fkhh|om~} g~ jgydl/- Go} f|yylo~ |vl kb go mjjldgj ny|d ky ~el |ojgtb|j |vl kb qylvfymq~mko ny|dv i} ~el gqqjmfgo~ Go} qlonmod jldgj hg~~lyv* fmrmj ky fymhmogj gdgmov~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ Gff|ygf} gon fkhqjl~lolvv kb mobkyhg~mko qykrmnln i} ~el gqqjmfgo~0 tel~ely go} ylblyloflv fko~gmo iykgnïgvln* v|iv~go~mrl mobkyhg~mko yldgynmod ~el emv~ky}

kb

~el

gqqjmfgo~

^}ql %gon gqqykqymg~lolvv- kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v qk~lo~mgj RMV^G gon ~el lu~lo~ ~k¡temfe ~el qkq|jg~mko ~k¡il vlyrln mv r|jolygijl ~k luqjkm~g~mko %m/l/* mv ~elyl go} monmfg~mko kb qk~lo~mgj bky ~el luqjkm~g~mko kb v|fe r|jolygimjm~} i} ~el gqqjmfgo~ ky ~el gqqjmfgo~”v gvvkfmg~lv;- êl jkfg~mko kb vlyrmfl ~k¡temfe ~el gqqjmfgo~ tmjj il gvvmdoln/ Mv ~el gylg fkon|fmrl ~k v|qlyrmvmko gon kqlo ~k hkom~kymod i} ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko; êl ~}ql kb qkq|jg~mko ~k¡il vlyrln %l/d/* go gqqjmfgo~ tm~e g emv~ky} kb fymhlv morkjrmod ~el |vl kb bkyfl gon rmkjlofl tk|jn ok~ il v|m~gijl bky qjgflhlo~ mo g qykdygh nlgjmod tm~e femjnylo ky ~yk|ijln ~llogdlyv- ^}ql* hl~ekn* bylw|lof}* gon w|gjm~} kb v|qlyrmvmko ~eg~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ tmjj ylflmrl Go} qk~lo~mgj bky gnrlyvl mhqgf~ ko ~el mo~ldym~} kb ~el RMV^G qykdygh mb ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv gfflq~ln Go} hg~~lyv gymvmod bykh ~el lughmog~mko kb ~el gqqjmfgo~”v igf`dyk|on ~eg~ hg} il qly~molo~ ~k¡~el gqqjmfgo~v v|m~gimjm~} ~k vlyrl gv g RMV^G

Ylfkhhlonmod Gqqjmfgo~v bky Vlyrmfl Telo }k| egrl ogyyktln }k|y ylfkhhlonln vljlf~mko ~k ~el fgonmng~lv }k| yldgyn tljj¨v|m~ln bky RMV^G vlyrmfl* }k| h|v~ hg`l }k|y ylfkhhlong~mko rmg ~el kojmol ylfy|m~hlo~ v}v~lh mo lDygo~v/ Qjlgvl hg`l v|yl fgonmng~lv òkt ~eg~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl h|v~ gqqykrl gjj fgonmng~lv/ Ilbkyl }k| ylfkhhlon ~el gqqjmfgo~ mo ~el kojmol ylfy|m~hlo~ v}v~lh* il v|yl3

êl gqqjmfgo~ mv g~ jlgv~ 75¨}lgyv¨kjn0 ~elyl mv ok |qqly gdl jmhm~/ êl gqqjmfg~mko fjlgyj} nlhkov~yg~lv ~el gqqjmfgo~ egv ~el v`mjjv gon+ky ln|fg~mko ~k qlybkyh g RMV^G gvvmdohlo~/ êl gqqjmfgo~ gffk|o~v bky dgqv mo qlyvkogj ky lhqjk}hlo~ emv~ky}/ êl gqqjmfgo~ mv g \/V/ fm~mslo ky qlyhgolo~ jldgj ylvmnlo~/ %Mb ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv g jldgj ylvmnlo~ tm~ek|~ \/V/ fm~mslovemq* ~el gqqjmfgo~ h|v~ g~~gfe ~k ~el gqqjmfg~mko ~el ~}ql gon luqmyg~mko ng~l kb emv ky ely rmvg gon yldmv~yg~mko o|hily/- ]k| egrl fko~gf~ln ylblyloflv/ Jl~ ~elh òkt ~eg~ ~el} hg} il fgjjln bky gnnm~mkogj mobkyhg~mko/ êlyl h|v~ il g~ jlgv~ ~tk¡ylblyloflv3 kol

9<



qykblvvmkogj %l/d/* cki ky rkj|o~lly v|qlyrmvky* ~lgfely ky qykblvvky- gon kol k~ely/ M~ mv }k|y ylvqkovmimjm~} ~k fkjjlf~ g~ jlgv~ ~tk¡ylblyloflv bky jkfgjj} ylfy|m~ln gqqjmfgo~v/ Ylblyloflv gyl fkhqjl~l/ Mb ylblyloflv tlyl fkhqjl~ln i} ~ljlqekol ky fkjjlf~ln rmg bgu* }k| fgo fkhqjl~l g ylblylofl krlyymnl mo ~el H} GhlymFkyqv Ylfy|m~hlo~ V}v~lh gon v|ihm~ ~el ylfkhhlong~mko ko ilegjb kb ~el ylblylo~/ G fkq} kb ~el gqqjmfg~mko ylhgmov ko bmjl ~k¡ylbly ~k¡n|ymod ~el RMV^G”v }lgy kb vlyrmfl/

]k| vek|jn hgmo~gmo g ylvlyrl kb gnnm~mkogj gqqjmfgo~v* mo ~el lrlo~ vkhl monmrmn|gjv gyl ok~ gqqykrln* ky nk¡ok~ v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~l Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko/ ^k¡jmhm~ v|fe kiv~gfjlv* ylfkhhlon koj} ~ekvl gqqjmfgo~v bky vljlf~mko i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ~eg~ }k| yldgyn emdej} hk~mrg~ln gon tljj¨v|m~ln bky RMV^G vlyrmfl/

92



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fegq~ly <

Qylqgymod bky g RMV^G”v Gyymrgj MO ÊMV FEGQ^LY

Jkfg~mod Ek|vmod bky g RMV^G Fylg~mod g Tky` Vqgfl bky g RMV^G Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod ‖ KVK^ Felf`jmv~ Tljfkhmod ~el RMV^G ~k ~el Fkhh|om~} Lhlydlof} B|on bky RMV^Gv Lv~gijmvemod g Dkkn Yljg~mkovemq Tm~e ]k|y RMV^Gv Ykjl kb RMV^G Jlgnly V|qlyrmvmod RMV^G Jlgnlyv

V~gy~mod g olt gvvmdohlo~ mv gjtg}v g fegjjlodl* gon ~eg~ fgo il nk|ij} ~y|l telo g RMV^G mv gjvk hkrmod ~k¡g olt fkhh|om~}/ Qlybkyhmod vkhl gnrgofl tky` ilbkyl ~el RMV^G gyymrlv fgo vgrl ~mhl gon v~ylvv bky ~el RMV^G nkto ~el ykgn/ Mnlgjj}* RMV^Gv tk|jn egrl ~el fegofl ~k¡rmvm~ ~elmy vm~l gelgn kb ~mhl* i|~ ylgjmv~mfgjj}* ~eg~ mv ok~ ~el fgvl/ ^k eljq }k| dl~ v~gy~ln gelgn kb ~mhl tm~e qylqgyg~mkov bky g RMV^G”v gyymrgj* elyl gyl g blt v|ddlv~mkov bky hg`mod g RMV^G bllj fkhbky~gijl mo g olt fkhh|om~} gon tljfkhln mo~k¡g olt qkvm~mko tm~emo }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ Jkfg~mod Ek|vmod bky g RMV^G G b|onghlo~gj gvv|hq~mko kb ~el RMV^G qykdygh mv ~eg~ ~el v`mjjv gon lolydmlv kb RMV^Gv gyl |vln hkv~ lbblf~mrlj} telo ~el} jmrl gon tky` tm~e ~el jkt¨mofkhl qlkqjl ~el} vlyrl/ Mo `llqmod tm~e ~emv qemjkvkqe}* RMV^Gv gyl luqlf~ln ~k¡vlf|yl ek|vmod |vmod ~elmy jmrmod gjjktgofl* temfe mv qykrmnln ~k¡fkrly ~el igvmf fkv~v kb bkkn* ek|vmod* gon |~mjm~mlv/ êl} vek|jn jkk` bky ek|vmod tm~emo ~el fkhh|om~} ~el} gyl gvvmdoln/ Vkhl RMV^Gv hg} olln ~k¡yljkfg~l ~k¡g olt fkhh|om~} ~k vlyrl ko g vqlfmbmf gvvmdohlo~/ Elofl* ~el} tmjj mhhlnmg~lj} olln moluqlovmrl ek|vmod/ Gj~ek|de }k|y vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko mv ok~ ylw|myln ~k qykrmnl ek|vmod ~k¡RMV^Gv* }k| vek|jn lov|yl ~eg~ ek|vmod mv ok~ g hgcky qykijlh bky RMV^Gv telo ~el} bmyv~ gyymrl/ Vkhl v|ddlv~mkov bky g vhkk~e ~ygovm~mko3

Kbbly ~k ek|vl ~elh |o~mj ~el} bmon g qjgfl ~eg~ mv gbbkyngijl gon fkorlomlo~ ~k¡~elmy qykclf~ jkfg~mko/ @llq }k|y lgyv kqlo ilbkyl ~el} gyymrl bky moluqlovmrl ylo~gj kqqky~|om~mlv/ Eljq ~elh mnlo~mb} temfe olmdeikyekknv gyl vgbl* gbbkyngijl* gon gqqykqymg~l/ Jl~ ~elh òkt gik|~ fkhh|om~} qgqlyv ky i|jjl~mo ikgynv ~eg~ jmv~ gqgy~hlo~ kqlomodv/ Nymrl ~elh ~eyk|de gbbkyngijl gqgy~hlo~ fkhqjlulv gon olmdeikyekknv ~eg~ fk|jn il kq~mkov bky ~elh/

94



Vll mb k~ely RMV^Gv ko }k|y qykclf~ ky ko g qykclf~ mo ~kto olln g ykkhhg~l/ êmo` fylg~mrlj}/ Nk }k| òkt vkhlkol tek¡egv g jgydl ek|vl gon mv tmjjmod ~k¡ylo~ k|~ g ykkh; V|ddlv~ ~eg~ RMV^Gv ~ljj ~elmy jgonjkyn ky qykqly~} hgogdly ~eg~ ~el} gyl RMV^Gv tek¡ylflmrl koj} g vhgjj jmrmod gjjktgofl/ Vkhl jgonjkynv hg} nmvfk|o~ ~elmy ylo~ ky yln|fl ~el ghk|o~ kb vlf|ym~} nlqkvm~v/

RMV^Gv ylflmrl g yljkfg~mko gjjktgofl ~k eljq tm~e go} nlqkvm~v/ êl ghk|o~* temfe hg} ok~ luflln .<<1* mv koj} dmrlo mb ~el RMV^G mv yljkfg~mod ~k¡vlyrl g 79¨hko~e ~lyh g~ g RMV^G qykclf~/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Nmylf~ky nl~lyhmolv ~el yljkfg~mko ghk|o~0 ~elylbkyl* RMV^Gv vek|jn nmylf~ ylw|lv~v ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ êl RMV^G jmrmod gjjktgofl mv jmhm~ln0 ~elylbkyl* RMV^Gv hg} gfflq~ kbblyv kb byll ky jkt¨fkv~ ek|vmod bykh fkhh|om~} hlhilyv* jkfgj kydgomsg~mkov* ln|fg~mkogj mov~m~|~mkov* ky vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mkov/ Vkhl lughqjlv kb ek|vmod ~eg~ RMV^Gv hg} gfflq~ mofj|nl3

\o|vln byll ek|vmod vqgfl kbblyln i} g fkhh|om~} hlhily ilfg|vl el ky vel mv qyk|n ~k egrl g RMV^G mo ~el fkhh|om~} G rgfgo~ gqgy~hlo~ krly ~el vekq gylg kbblyln i} g jkfgj i|vmolvv ktoly Yln|flnÿg~l ek|vmod kbblyln i} g og~mkogj ek|vmod fkhqgo} ~k rkj|o~llyv tek vlyrl mo g dmrlo fkhh|om~} gon RMV^Gv tek hll~ ~el ljmdmimjm~} ylw|mylhlo~v Byll ky jkt¨fkv~ ek|vmod qykrmnln i} g jkfgj* v~g~l* ky blnlygj dkrlyohlo~ gdlof} mo gylgv tm~e jmhm~ln ek|vmod kqqky~|om~mlv Ek|vmod ylo~ln i} g vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko ko ~el RMV^G”v ilegjb G qky~mko kb lumv~mod vqgfl ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko gjylgn} ktov ky ylo~v

G vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko ky k~elyv hg} ok~ kbbly hkol} nmylf~j} ~k g RMV^G ~k v|qqjlhlo~ ~el RMV^G”v jmrmod gjjktgofl* ky ~k qg} ylo~* |~mjm~mlv* ky k~ely fkv~v/ Oky hg} RMV^Gv gfflq~ rmg ~emyn¨qgy~} qg}hlo~v bky |~mjm~mlv ky k~ely ek|vmod fkv~v k~ely ~ego bky ylo~/ Gfflq~mod byll ky yln|fln¨fkv~ ek|vmod fk|jn qkvvmij} mofylgvl ~el RMV^G”v ylqky~gijl mofkhl bky ~gu q|yqkvlv/ RMV^Gv gyl gjvk b|jj} ylvqkovmijl bky go} jldgj ky bmogofmgj mvv|lv tm~e ~elmy jgonjkyn %l/d/* ~el qykclf~ fjkvlv gon ~el} ktl hkol} ko ~el jlgvl-/ Fylg~mod g Tky` Vqgfl bky g RMV^G Kol tg} ~k bkv~ly g v|fflvvb|j gon qykn|f~mrl v~gy~ bky }k|y olt RMV^G mv ~k¡qykrmnl g fkhbky~gijl kbbmfl vqgfl/ G dkkn kbbmfl v~g~mko dklv il}kon nlv`v gon fegmyv„}k| olln ~k¡fkovmnly okmvl gon mo~lyy|q~mko fko~ykj* gon jmde~mod/ I} qjgfmod lhqegvmv ko ~el kbbmfl lormykohlo~* }k| fgo luqlf~ ~k vll go mhhlnmg~l ikkv~ mo lolyd}* qykn|f~mrm~}* gon tljjïlmod„olflvvgy} bgf~kyv bky go} kbbmfl lormykohlo~ gon g dkkn morlv~hlo~ mo }k|y RMV^G”v krlygjj v|fflvv ko ~el qykclf~/ Mnlgjj}* RMV^Gv vek|jn egrl gfflvv ~k¡gjj ~el hg~lymgjv ~eg~ gyl ollnln ~k fkhqjl~l ~elmy qykclf~v/ ]k| gyl luqlf~ln ~k¡qykrmnl RMV^Gv ~el |vl kb g fkhq|~ly* qymo~ly* Mo~lyol~ gfflvv* l¨hgmj gfflvv* fkov|hgijl v|qqjmlv* ~ljlqekol* fkqmly* gon bgu„c|v~ gv }k| tk|jn bky go} v~gbb hlhily/ Egrmod lw|mqhlo~ gon v|qqjmlv ylgnmj} gfflvvmijl telo ~el RMV^G gyymrlv hg`lv ~el RMV^G”v gvvmdohlo~ g jk~ jlvv v~ylvvb|j/

95



Gjvk* eljq ~el RMV^G |onlyv~gon ekt }k|y qgy~mf|jgy kbbmfl b|of~mkov telo v|qqjmlv gyl ollnln/ Mobkyh k~ely v~gbb mo ~el kydgomsg~mko ~eg~ g olt RMV^G tmjj il v~gy~mod/ Mb }k| gyl |ogrgmjgijl telo ~el olt RMV^G v~gy~v* mnlo~mb} g fkjjlgd|l tek¡fgo hll~ ~el RMV^G gon gvvmv~ tm~e ~el ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko/ Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod Gb~ly Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko* gjj RMV^Gv gyymrl g~ ~elmy fkhh|om~mlv kb vlyrmfl luqlf~mod ~k qgy~mfmqg~l mo go Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod %KVK^- qykdygh nlrljkqln gon fkon|f~ln i} }k| gon ~el Vqkovkymod Kydgomsg~mko/ êmv qykdygh hg} jgv~ ~tk¡~k¡~eyll tll`v ky hkyl* ky m~ hg} jgv~ c|v~ g blt ng}v* nlqlonmod ko ~el fmyf|hv~goflv kb ~el qykclf~ gon ~el igf`dyk|on kb ~el RMV^G/ Ghkod ~el gylgv kb kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod ~eg~ hg} il fkrlyln3

^ygovm~mko %l/d/* bmonmod ek|vmod* luqjkymod ~ygovqky~g~mko kq~mkov* vl~~mod |q g igo` gffk|o~- Vqkovky kydgomsg~mko %l/d/* tky` qkjmfmlv gon qykfln|ylv* ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo* gon `l} tky`mod yljg~mkovemqv- RMV^G qykclf~ %l/d/* hmvvmko* fkhh|om~} v~g`lekjnlyv* gon ilolbmfmgymlv- Fkhh|om~} ilmod vlyrln %l/d/* jlgnlyv* kydgomsg~mkov* gon ylvk|yflv- Qykblvvmkogj v`mjjv %l/d/* vegnktmod v~gbb hlhilyv* fkhh|om~} jlgnlyv* ky k~ely luqly~v mo ~el bmljn- K~ely v`mjjv %l/d/* vqlfmgjmsln v`mjjv ylw|myln i} ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko- Ylvqkovmimjm~mlv %l/d/* yljg~ln ~k ylqky~mod* hkom~kymod* gon lrgj|g~mko-

Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod Felf`jmv~ RMV^G kymlo~ln ~k3

[[[ Emv+ely tky` gylg [[[ Kbbmfl igvmfv0 ekt ~k |vl fkq} hgfemol* bgu* qymo~ly [[[ Qekol qkjmfmlv0 ekt ~k nmgj k|~* jkod nmv~gofl* dyll~mod* l~f/ [[[ Qgy`mod gylg %qylblygij} fkorlomlo~ gon byll- [[[ Kbbmfl g|~khg~mko [[[ Hgmj nljmrly} RMV^G bkyhgjj} mo~ykn|fln3 [[[ ^k kbbmfl v~gbb* rkj|o~llyv* mo~lyov* l~f/ [[[ G~ g v~gbb hll~mod* ikgyn hll~mod* fkhhm~~ll hll~mod* l~f/ Ylrmltln tm~e ~el RMV^G3

[[[ RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk` gon gdlof} hgo|gjv [[[ Jmv~ kb fkhhm~~llv gon ylvqkovmimjm~mlv kb ~el fkhhm~~llv [[[ Jmv~ kb Ikgyn Hlhilyv [[[ Nylvv fknl bky ~el vm~l [[[ Ekt ~k kynly gon i|ndl~ bky v|qqjmlv [[[ Ekt ~k v|ihm~ ~ygovqky~g~mko ylmhi|yvlhlo~v [[[ Ekt ~k ylw|lv~ rgfg~mko [[[ êl RMV^G qkjmf} bky jlgrl ~g`mod* mofj|nmod vmf` ng}v0 tek ~k fko~gf~ mo fgvl g vmf`

ng} mv ollnln [[[ RMV^G qkjmf} bky ekjmng}v0 nklv ~el vm~l bkjjkt ~el v~g~l ekjmng} fgjlongy; [[[ Kbbmfl qkjmf} bky vokt ng}v0 ekt ~k bmon k|~ mb ~el vm~l egv g vokt ng} [[[ Yld|jgy kbbmfl ek|yv0 luqlf~g~mko kb ek|yv ~el RMV^G tmjj il tky`mod [[[

Ekt

~k

gfflvv

~el

kbbmfl

n|ymod

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kbbmfl

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Tljfkhmod ~el RMV^G ~k ~el Fkhh|om~} Vl~~jmod fkhbky~gij} mo~k g olt fkhh|om~} hg} il kol kb ~el hkv~ nmbbmf|j~ fegjjlodlv ~eg~ RMV^Gv bgfl/ Elofl* kol kb }k|y hkv~ mhqky~go~ ykjlv gv g v|qlyrmvky mv ~k mo~ykn|fl ~el RMV^Gv ~k ~elmy olt fkhh|om~}/ êmv qykflvv vek|jn ildmo telo ~el} gyymrl gon fko~mo|l n|ymod ~elmy mom~mgj hko~ev tm~e }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ êl bkjjktmod gyl mnlgv bky tljfkhmod g olt RMV^G ~k¡~el fkhh|om~}3

Qylqgyl g qylvv yljlgvl gook|ofmod ~el gyymrgj kb ~el RMV^Gv g~ }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ ^gj` gik|~ ~el RMV^G”v dkgjv gon ekt ~el RMV^G tmjj mhqykrl ~el fkhh|om~}/ ]k| hmde~ gjvk¡fkovmnly gyygodmod go mo~lyrmlt tm~e ~el olt RMV^G ko g jkfgj ygnmk v~g~mko/ Ekv~ g ylflq~mko gon morm~l fkhh|om~} jlgnlyv* ikgyn hlhilyv* gon qykdygh qgy~mfmqgo~v ~k hll~ ~el olt gnnm~mko ~k¡}k|y gdlof}/ ]k| hmde~ gjvk¡qjgo g ng} kb fkhh|om~} vlyrmfl gf~mrm~mlv* morm~mod ikgyn hlhilyv gon fkhh|om~} jlgnlyv* gon mo~ykn|fl ~el olt RMV^G g~ ~eg~ ~mhl/ V|ihm~ g qylvv yljlgvl ~k ~el jkfgj hlnmg lgfe ~mhl }k| ekjn go lrlo~/ Egrl ~el vm~l v|qlyrmvky dmrl ~el RMV^G g ~k|y kb ~el fkhh|om~}* hg`mod mo~ykn|f~mkov* gon dlolygjj} hg`mod ~el RMV^G bllj tljfkhl/

Lhlydlof} B|on bky RMV^Gv Mb go mhhlnmg~l bghmj} hlhily %vqk|vl* qgylo~* vmijmod* femjn* dygonqgylo~* ky d|gynmgo- kb g RMV^G ilfkhlv fym~mfgjj} mjj ky nmlv* gon mb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko fgook~ qykrmnl g qylqgmn ~mf`l~ mo gnrgofl kb ~el gqqykrln lhlydlof} jlgrl* ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko vek|jn b|yomve ~el ollnln ~ygrlj gvvmv~gofl* mofj|nmod go gnrgofl kb |q ~k¡.<11 bykh m~v kto b|onv* ~k¡~el RMV^G/ V|fe gnrgoflv* ektlrly* vek|jn il g|~ekymsln %rmg ~ljlqekol- i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Ik~e ~el vqkovky gon ~el RMV^G h|v~ fkhqjl~l gon vmdo ~el RMV^G Qg}hlo~ Rk|fely bkyh mo ~el H} GhlymFkyqv qky~gj ~k¡ylfkyn ylflmq~ kb go} lhlydlof} ~ygrlj gnrgofl/ êl vqkovky bkytgynv ~el bkyh ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl bky qykflvvmod vk¡~eg~ ~el vqkovky mv ylmhi|yvln bky ~el gnrgofl/ Bky hkyl mobkyhg~mko ko lhlydlof} jlgrl qykfln|ylv* vll Fegq~ly = kb ~el RMV^G Egonikk`/ Lv~gijmvemod g Dkkn Yljg~mkovemq tm~e RMV^Gv7

@l} ~k g v|fflvvb|j }lgy bky }k| gon }k|y RMV^Gv mv nlrljkqmod g dkkn tky` yljg~mkovemq/ Elyl gyl g blt ~mqv ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ ~el yljg~mkovemq tm~e }k|y RMV^G egv g dkkn bk|ong~mko/ V|fe g ygqqky~ tmjj il g ~ylhlonk|v ilolbm~ ~k¡~el qykclf~ gon m~v nlrljkqhlo~/

7/ G~~lon g RMV^G V|qlyrmvky”v ^ygmomod ilbkyl }k| iymod RMV^Gv ~k }k|y kydgomsg~mko/ êmv ~ygmomod* temfe mv g ylw|mylhlo~ bky gjj RMV^G v|qlyrmvkyv* tmjj eljq }k| il~~ly |onlyv~gon }k|y v|qlyrmvky} ykjl* gv tljj gv ~el ykjl kb ~el RMV^G/

7 Gngq~ln bykh ‚G ~k S3 RMV^G Qykclf~ Nlrljkqhlo~‘ i} Feymv Rko S|ilo* g RMV^G Jlgnly tek vlyrln tm~e ~el Og~mkogj Gjjmgofl ~k Lon Ekhljlvvolvv mo Tgvemod~ko* N/F/

61



9/ Lofk|ygdl RMV^Gv ~k¡|onlyv~gon ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo ~ekyk|dej}/ êl koj} m~lh hkyl mhqky~go~ ~k¡RMV^Gv ~ego ~el RMV^G Egonikk` %temfe ~el} vek|jn ylgn gon bkjjkt- mv ~elmy gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko gon qykclf~ qjgo/ Lrly} RMV^G vek|jn egrl g fkq} kb emv ky ely RGN gon qykclf~ qjgo gon òkt lugf~j} teg~ m~ hlgov/ ]k| gon }k|y RMV^Gv vek|jn ylrmlt m~ hl~mf|jk|vj} vk¡lrly}kol òktv teg~ mv luqlf~ln kb kol gok~ely/

6/ Ilfkhl bghmjmgy tm~e ~el RMV^G Egonikk ̀ gon lofk|ygdl }k|y olt RMV^Gv ~k¡ylgn ~el egonikk` n|ymod ~el bmyv~ blt tll`v g~ ~el qykclf~ vm~l/ êmv ~gv` vek|jn il qgy~ kb }k|y qykclf~”v Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod qjgo/ RMV^G v|qlyrmvkyv gyl ylw|myln ~k¡v|ihm~ go kymlo~g~mko qjgo ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/

>/ Vl~ gvmnl g ng} gon vqlfmbmf ~mhl ~k hll~ tll`j} tm~e lgfe RMV^G* lvqlfmgjj} n|ymod ~el bmyv~ hko~e ky ~tk kb vlyrmfl/ Mb qkvvmijl* ~y} hll~mod mo g nmbblylo~ qjgfl tm~emo ~el fkhh|om~} lgfe ~mhl/ Dl~ fkbbll ky iylg`bgv~ g~ g jkfgj nmoly ky tgj` ~eyk|de ~el fkhh|om~} tm~e ~el RMV^G telo }k| hll~/

</ Mb ~el RMV^G tky`v bky g qgy~olyvemq kb kydgomsg~mkov* hg`l v|yl ~el RMV^G mv morm~ln ~k¡lgfe kydgomsg~mko gon dmrlo g qylvlo~g~mko ko ~el b|of~mkov gon hmvvmko kb lgfe fko~ymi|~mod qgy~oly gon m~v ykjl mo ~el qgy~olyvemq/

Ykjl kb RMV^G Jlgnly RMV^G Jlgnlyv gyl gvvmdoln yldmkogjj} ky ~k jgydly qykclf~v ~k gvvmv~ vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mkov gon RMV^Gv mo gfemlrmod ~elmy qykclf~ kiclf~mrlv/ RMV^G Jlgnlyv gyl bkyhly RMV^Gv tek¡v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~ln g b|jj }lgy kb vlyrmfl gon nlhkov~yg~ln lulhqjgy} v`mjjv gon jlgnlyvemq mo fkhh|om~} vlyrmfl/ RMV^G Jlgnlyv gyl ok~ qlyhm~~ln ~k qlybkyh gnhmomv~yg~mrl ky v|qlyrmvky} b|of~mkov bky ~elmy vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mkov ky Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmflv/ êl} hg} ok~ v|qlyrmvl RMV^Gv/ êl Jlgnly”v ykjl mv ~k fkkynmog~l gon gvvmv~ RMV^Gv ~k¡mofylgvl ~el mhqgf~ kb ~el qykclf~/ V|qlyrmvmod RMV^G Jlgnlyv Mo g qykclf~ telyl g RMV^G Jlgnly mv qylvlo~* g yljg~mkovemq* nmbblylo~ bykh ~eg~ il~tllo ~el v|qlyrmvky gon RMV^Gv* h|v~ il nlrljkqln tm~e ~el Jlgnly/ êl Jlgnly”v ykjl mv ~k¡fkkynmog~l gon gvvmv~ RMV^Gv mo fkhh|omfg~mkov gon qlybkyhmod ~elmy vlyrmfl/ êl Jlgnly mv ok~ go mo~lyhlnmgy} il~tllo ~el v|qlyrmvky gon ~el RMV^G qykdygh/ Hkylkrly* el ky vel mv ok~ ylvqkovmijl bky ~el krlyvmde~ gon d|mngofl kb RMV^Gv„~eg~ ykjl ylv~v tm~e ~el v|qlyrmvky gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Tm~e g h|~|gj |onlyv~gonmod kb ~el qgyghl~lyv kb ~el Jlgnly”v ykjl* ~el Jlgnly hg} rly} lbblf~mrlj} fkhqjlhlo~ ~el ykjl kb ~el v|qlyrmvky/ êl gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko mv g d|mnl ~k ~el Jlgnly”v vlyrmfl dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv* i|~ nl~lyhmomod ekt ~el Jlgnly”v gvvmdohlo~ nkrl~gmjv tm~e }k|y tky` gv v|qlyrmvky gon ekt gon telo ~k ilv~ fkhh|omfg~l* ylw|mylv nmvfmqjmol gon bkf|v il~tllo ~el ~tk kb }k| lgyj} ko gon ~elo ~eyk|dek|~ ~el }lgy/ êl ~gijl iljkt qylvlo~v lughqjlv kb ~el gqqykqymg~l ykjl igjgofl bky ~el v|qlyrmvky gon Jlgnly/

67



Jlgnlyv vkhl~mhlv ~g`l ko hkyl ylvqkovmimjm~} ky ~el} gyl dmrlo hkyl g|~ekym~} ~ego mv ylgvkogijl ky gqqykqymg~l/ @llqmod bkf|vln gon tm~emo ~el jmhm~v kb ~el Jlgnly”v ykjlv mv `l} ~k¡~el Jlgnly”v v|fflvv0 yld|jgy fkhh|omfg~mko tm~e ~el v|qlyrmvky mv emdej} lbblf~mrl ~k¡~emv lon/ RMV^Gv h|v~ gjvk¡|onlyv~gon ~el nmv~mof~mkov il~tllo g v|qlyrmvky gon Jlgnly* gon òkt tekh ~k ~|yo ~k¡bky teg~/ Fk¨bgfmjm~g~mod g nmvf|vvmko tm~e ~el RMV^Gv gon* qlyegqv* qykrmnmod g ylblylofl vell~ gik|~ qykfln|ylv gon qkmo~v kb fko~gf~ gyl lbblf~mrl hl~eknv ~k qgvv ~emv mobkyhg~mko ~k ~el RMV^Gv/ Lughqjlv kb Gqqykqymg~l Jlgnly gon V|qlyrmvky Ykjlv

^gv` + Gf~mrm~} Jlgnly Fko~ymi|~mko V|qlyrmvky Fko~ymi|~mko Fkon|f~mod ko¨vm~l • Fkjjg~l kymlo~g~mko hg~lymgjv • Bmogjmsl gdlong kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod • Nygb~ gdlong

• Eljq ~k vlf|yl d|lv~v* vqlg`lyv* gon bgfmjm~g~kyv

• Qgy~mfmqg~l mo mhqjlhlo~g~mko kb KVK^

• V|ihm~ ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod qjgo ~k Fkyqkyg~mko


• Mhqjlhlo~ KVK^ Ylfy|m~mod gon vljlf~mod olt RMV^Gv • Qykhk~l qkvm~mko gook|oflhlo~

~eyk|de jkfgj rlo|lv • Gvvmv~ mo vl~~mod |q gon

qgy~mfmqg~l mo mo~lyrmltv kb ~kq gqqjmfgo~v

• Qykrmnl moq|~ ~k v|qlyrmvky

• Mo~lyrmlt ~kq fgonmng~lv • Okhmog~l fgonmng~lv bky

vljlf~mko gon gqqykrgj i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl

• Ok~mb} fgonmng~lv kb ~elmy vljlf~mko gon gqqykrgj

• Lov|yl qgqlytky ̀ mv fkhqjl~ln

Hlnmg~mod fkobjmf~ •Hg`l vljb grgmjgijl ~k RMV^Gv gv g •

Hg`l vljb grgmjgijl ~k il~tllo ~tk RMV^Gv ylvk|yfl • Jmv~lo telo RMV^Gv gqqykgfe }k|

tm~e qykijlhv gon igyymlyv • Gvvmv~ RMV^Gv mo mnlo~mb}mod ~elmy

kq~mkov gon fylg~mod ~elmy kto vkj|~mkov

• Mobkyh v|qlyrmvky kb ~el mvv|lv • Morkjrl ~el v|qlyrmvky mb ~el

RMV^Gv fgook~ ylvkjrl ~el mvv|l ~elhvljrlv

RMV^Gv gv g ylvk|yfl • Nlrljkq qyk~kfkj bky

gnnylvvmod fkobjmf~ tm~emo dyk|q %mofj|nmod ~el Jlgnly”v ykjl-

• Mo~lyrlol telo ylw|myln

RMV^G mv egim~|gjj} jg~l • Nmvf|vv tm~e ~el RMV^G gv g qlly ~el ylgvkov bky ~el ylflo~ ~gynmolvv gon qykrmnl ~el RMV^G tm~e v|ddlv~mkov bky ekt ~k mhqykrl ~mhljmolvv

• Ok~mb} ~el v|qlyrmvky kb ~el vm~|g~mko

• Nmvf|vv tm~e ~el RMV^G ~el ylgvkov bky ~el ylflo~ ~gynmolvv gon qykrmnl v|ddlv~mkov bky ekt ~k mhqykrl ~mhljmolvv

• Nl~lyhmol go} kydgomsg~mkogj hlgv|ylv ~k il ~g`lo ~k gnnylvv ~el vm~|g~mko

• Ok~mb} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl* mb vm~|g~mko hlym~v

69



^gv` + Gf~mrm~} Jlgnly Fko~ymi|~mko V|qlyrmvky Fko~ymi|~mko Fkon|f~mod ko¨vm~l • Fkjjg~l kymlo~g~mko hg~lymgjv • Bmogjmsl gdlong kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod • Nygb~ gdlong


• Qgy~mfmqg~l mo mhqjlhlo~g~mko kb KVK^

• V|ihm~ ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod qjgo ~k Fkyqkyg~mko


• Mhqjlhlo~ KVK^ Ylfy|m~mod gon vljlf~mod olt RMV^Gv • Qykhk~l qkvm~mko gook|oflhlo~

~eyk|de jkfgj rlo|lv • Gvvmv~ mo vl~~mod |q gon

qgy~mfmqg~l mo mo~lyrmltv kb ~kq gqqjmfgo~v

• Qykrmnl moq|~ ~k v|qlyrmvky

• Mo~lyrmlt ~kq fgonmng~lv • Okhmog~l fgonmng~lv bky

vljlf~mko gon gqqykrgj i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl

• Ok~mb} fgonmng~lv kb ~elmy vljlf~mko gon gqqykrgj

• Lov|yl qgqlytky ̀ mv fkhqjl~ln

Hlnmg~mod fkobjmf~ • Hg`l vljb grgmjgijl ~k RMV^Gv gv g • Hg`l vljb grgmjgijl ~k il~tllo ~tk RMV^Gv ylvk|yfl

• Jmv~lo telo RMV^Gv gqqykgfe }k| tm~e qykijlhv gon igyymlyv

• Gvvmv~ RMV^Gv mo mnlo~mb}mod ~elmy kq~mkov gon fylg~mod ~elmy kto vkj|~mkov

• Mobkyh v|qlyrmvky kb ~el mvv|lv • Morkjrl ~el v|qlyrmvky mb ~el

RMV^Gv fgook~ ylvkjrl ~el mvv|l ~elhvljrlv

RMV^Gv gv g ylvk|yfl • Nlrljkq qyk~kfkj bky

gnnylvvmod fkobjmf~ tm~emo dyk|q %mofj|nmod ~el Jlgnly”v ykjl-

• Mo~lyrlol telo ylw|myln

Ylqky~v ko qykclf~ qlybkyhgofl ~k Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl

• Fkkynmog~l fkjjlf~mko kb ng~g bykh RMV^Gv

• Fjgymb} qkmo~v mo ylqky~v tm~e RMV^Gv mb ylw|myln

• Fkjjg~l ky fg~ldkymsl mobkyhg~mko • Gvvmv~ mo mo~lyqyl~g~mko kb ng~g

• Mo~lyqyl~ ng~g • Tym~l ylqky~ • Lov|yl ~mhljmolvv kb

ylqky~mod ~k FVK

RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ • Ylrmlt RGNv bky fjgym~} gon • Lv~gijmve ~gv`v ~k gfemlrl Nlvfymq~mko %RGN- gff|ygf} dkgj nlrljkqhlo~+ylbmolhlo~ • V|ddlv~ mhqykrlhlo~v+fegodlv

• Fjgymb} ~gv`v bky RMV^Gv telo ylw|myln

• Kbbly bllnigf` ~k nl~lyhmol ~gv`”v gfemlrlhlo~ kb kiclf~mrl

• Tym~l RGN • Ylrmlt RGN tm~e RMV^G gon

gngq~ telyl ollnln • Hkom~ky ~gv`”v gfemlrlhlo~

kb kiclf~mrlv • Ylbmol RGN

66



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fegq~ly 2

GhlymFkyqv RMV^G ^ygmomod gon Qykblvvmkogj Nlrljkqhlo~

MO ÊMV FEGQ^LY Mo~ykn|f~mko RMV^G ^ygmomod Qemjkvkqe} Krlyrmlt kb RMV^G ^ygmomod

‖ ^ygmomod F}fjl ‖ Vqkovky+V|qlyrmvky ^ygmomod gon Nlrljkqhlo~ ‖ RMV^G ^ygmomod

Kojmol ^ygmomod gon Nlrljkqhlo~ Ylvk|yflv

Mo~ykn|f~mko êl RMV^G qykdygh qykrmnlv ~ygmomod gon qykblvvmkogj nlrljkqhlo~ kqqky~|om~mlv ~k¡RMV^Gv gon v|qlyrmvkyv ~eyk|dek|~ ~elmy vlyrmfl gon ~el jmbl kb ~el qykclf~/ êlvl kqqky~|om~mlv gyl bkyhgj gon mobkyhgj* dyk|qïgvln gon monmrmn|gjj} bkf|vln* gon bgfl¨~k¨bgfl* gv tljj gv rmy~|gj gon ~lu~|gj/ êl RMV^G qykdygh mv fkhhm~~ln ~k¡qylqgymod ~el RMV^G* vqkovky* gon v|qlyrmvky bky vlyrmfl ~eg~ jlgnv ~k v|v~gmogijl qykclf~v gon fkhhm~~ln jlgnlyvemq/ RMV^G ~ygmomod mv g vegyln ylvqkovmimjm~} ghkod Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb* ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko gon v|qlyrmvky* gon ~el RMV^G/ N|ymod ~ygmomod* }k| gon ~el RMV^Gv tmjj il fegjjlodln ~k ~g`l go gf~mrl ykjl mo ~el qykflvv/ êl ~ygmomod luqlymlofl mv go kqqky~|om~} bky v|qlyrmvkyv gon RMV^Gv ~k luqjkyl mvv|lv v|yyk|onmod qkrly~}* ~el fkhh|om~mlv ~el} vlyrl* gon RMV^G qykdyghhmod* gon ~k nlrljkq ~elmy v`mjjv gon fkhhm~hlo~ ~k RMV^G gon m~v dkgjv/ Kofl mo ~el fkhh|om~}* RMV^Gv tmjj olln ~k¡fko~mo|l ~k mhqykrl ~elmy v`mjjv* mofj|nmod ~elmy òktjlndl kb og~mkogj gon jkfgj ylvk|yflv gon ~elmy |onlyv~gonmod kb ~el g~~m~|nlv ~eg~ fko~ymi|~l ~k ky moemim~ lbblf~mrl tky`mod yljg~mkovemqv/ êl ~ygmomod ylw|myln hg} il gv bkyhgj gv tky`vekq vlvvmkov kydgomsln i} vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mkov ky gv mobkyhgj gv vljb¨mom~mg~ln lrlomod v~|n} g~ ~el jkfgj jmiygy}/ ^ygmomod mv g fko~mo|k|v qykflvv kb v`mjjv nlrljkqhlo~ gon loegoflhlo~ bky qykclf~ gvvmdohlo~v ~eg~ ylw|mylv RMV^Gv ~k¡qykrmnl h|fe kb ~el mom~mg~mrl gon hg`l hgo} kb ~el nlfmvmkov/ RMV^G ^ygmomod Qemjkvkqe} êl ~ygmomod fko~lu~ bky RMV^G mv g vlymlv kb ~ygmomod gon nlrljkqhlo~gj kqqky~|om~mlv qykrmnln g~ qkmo~v telo ~el} gyl hkv~ |vlb|j n|ymod ~el }lgy kb vlyrmfl/ D|mnmod ~el ~ygmomod gon nlrljkqhlo~ fgjlongy* ~elo* mv ~el qymofmqjl ~eg~ ~ygmomod h|v~ il qygf~mfgj gon nmylf~j} yljlrgo~ ~k ~el RMV^Gv” vlyrmfl ky }k|y tky` gv ~el v|qlyrmvky/

6>





Olt v|qlyrmvkyv ylflmrl ~emv kymlo~g~mko ~eyll hko~ev ilbkyl ~el gyymrgj kb RMV^Gv ko¨vm~l/ Gjj olt v|qlyrmvkyv g~~lon ~el kymlo~g~mko* mofj|nmod ‚v|ivm~l‘ v|qlyrmvkyv mo jgydly qykclf~v ky |only go mo~lyhlnmgy}* gv tljj gv v|qlyrmvkyv tek¡egrl ylqjgfln vkhlkol n|ymod ~el hmn¨qykclf~ f}fjl/ Temjl m~ mv lvvlo~mgj bky ~el RMV^G”v bmyv~¨jmol v|qlyrmvky ~k g~~lon ~el kymlo~g~mko* tl v~ykodj} ylfkhhlon ~el qykclf~ v|qlyrmvky kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko g~~lon gv tljj/ êl jlgyomod kiclf~mrlv kb ~el V|qlyrmvkyv” Kymlo~g~mko gyl3

Mnlo~mb} g RMV^G v|qlyrmvky”v ylvqkovmimjm~mlv %mofj|nmod v|qlyrmvmod* ylqky~mod* bkjjktmod gnhmomv~yg~mrl qykfln|ylv* l~f/- Nlvfymil ~el ykjl kb ~el RMV^G mo ~el fkhh|om~} nlrljkqhlo~ qykflvv gv m~ yljg~lv ~k qkrly~} Nlrljkq g fjlgy* ylgjmv~mf RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko %RGN- Nlvmdo Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod %KVK^- Mnlo~mb} ~el nmrlyvl fegygf~lymv~mfv kb ~el RMV^G qkq|jg~mko Jlgyo ~k¡lbblf~mrlj} ylfy|m~* mo~lyrmlt* gon vfyllo RMV^Gv Mo~lyqyl~ gon fjgymb} RMV^G ~lyhv gon fkonm~mkov kb vlyrmfl Qjgo qyljmhmogymj} bky RMV^Gv” qykblvvmkogj nlrljkqhlo~ mo yljg~mko ~k¡~el qykclf~ Gnnylvv v|qlyrmvmko g~ jgydl qykclf~v tm~e vlrlygj vm~lv rlyv|v vhgjj vmodjl¨vm~l qykclf~v I|mjn gon v~ylod~elo yljg~mkovemqv tm~e RMV^G ~eg~ ylv|j~ mo yl~lo~mko gon v|fflvvb|j fkhqjl~mko kb qykclf~ ~gv`v Mo~ykn|fl ~el ykjl kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mo yljg~mko ~k¡~el qykclf~

^ygmomod gon ^lfeomfgj Gvvmv~gofl êl Fkyqkyg~mko hgmo~gmov g qky~bkjmk kb qykrmnlyv ~eg~ kbbly ~kkjv* ~ygmomod* gon ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl ~k v|qqky~ qykclf~ vqkovkyv gon v|qlyrmvkyv/ êl qykrmnlyv kbbly ~ygmomod gon gvvmv~gofl mo k|~ylgfe gon ylfy|m~hlo~* hlhily nlrljkqhlo~* qykclf~ hgogdlhlo~* ylvk|yfl nlrljkqhlo~* qlybkyhgofl hlgv|ylhlo~* dygo~v hgogdlhlo~* hgogdlhlo~ kb ~ygmomod jkdmv~mfv* ogrmdg~mod lDygo~v* gon qykdyghhmod |only ~el bgm~eïgvln gon fkhh|om~} mom~mg~mrl/ ^ygmomod gon ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl fkovmv~v kb3

Fkgfemod gon hlo~kymod ^ljlfkoblyloflv tm~e

‖ V|iclf~ hg~~ly luqly~v ‖ Gbbmom~} dyk|qv ‖ Fkgfelv

Tlimogyv Tky`vekqv Mov~m~|~lv Fkoblyloflv F|yymf|j|h nlvmdo Bgfmjm~g~mko Kojmol Ylvk|yflv

62





Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod %KVK^- mv go lu~lovmko kb Qyl¨Vlyrmfl Kymlo~g~mko/ Mhhlnmg~lj} bkjjktmod ~el QVK* RMV^Gv gyl bkyhgjj} kymlo~ln ~k¡~elmy gvvmdohlo~v* vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko* gon fkhh|om~} i} ~el qykclf~ vqkovky+v|qlyrmvky/ G~ ~el V|qlyrmvkyv” Kymlo~g~mko* v|qlyrmvkyv ildmo qjgoomod go Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod %KVK^- bky olt RMV^Gv telo ~el} bmyv~ ylqky~ ~k ~el qykclf~/ Teg~ v|qlyrmvkyv nk mo ~el bmyv~ blt ng}v gon tll`v ~k¡eljq g RMV^G”v ~ygovm~mko mo~k¡~el qykclf~ kbbmfl hg} vlyrl ~k¡lv~gijmve tky` egim~v* yljg~mkovemqv tm~e fk¨tky`lyv* gon krlygjj fko~ymi|~mkov kb ~el RMV^G bky hko~ev ~k¡fkhl/ êl kymlo~g~mko* temfe vek|jn ~g`l qjgfl g~ ~el qykclf~ vm~l n|ymod ~el mom~mgj tll`v kb g RMV^G”v gyymrgj* qykrmnlv ~el kqqky~|om~} bky RMV^Gv ~k¡jlgyo hkyl gik|~ ~elmy vqkovky kydgomsg~mko* ilfkhl gfw|gmo~ln tm~e ~el fkhh|om~}* gon dgmo ~el òktjlndl gon v`mjj ~el} olln ~k¡il v|fflvvb|j ko ~el qykclf~/ êl q|yqkvl kb ~el kymlo~g~mko mv ~k lv~gijmve go lbblf~mrl tky`mod yljg~mkovemq il~tllo RMV^G gon ~el v|qlyrmvky* ~el kydgomsg~mko”v v~gbb* gon ~el fkhh|om~}/ Go lbblf~mrl kymlo~g~mko nlvfymilv ~el kydgomsg~mko”v hmvvmko gon qykclf~ dkgjv gon lv~gijmvelv ~el mhqky~gofl kb ~el RMV^G”v ~gv`v/ Gnnm~mkogjj}* ~el kymlo~g~mko nlhkov~yg~lv ~el v|qlyrmvky”v tmjjmodolvv ~k qykrmnl v|qqky~ gon nmylf~mko ~k¡~el RMV^G/ Go lbblf~mrl* qykblvvmkogj kymlo~g~mko gjvk¡eljqv ~el v|qlyrmvky mo gvvlvvmod ~el monmrmn|gj ~ygmomod ollnv kb lgfe olt RMV^G/ êl KVK^ mv go kqqky~|om~} bky ~el v|qlyrmvky gon ~el RMV^G ~k¡qjgo bky ~el RMV^G”v qykblvvmkogj nlrljkqhlo~/ G ~ek|de~b|j* tljj¨qjgooln KVK^ nlvmdo mv g `l} ljlhlo~ ~k ~el v|fflvv kb ~el RMV^Gv gon ~el qykclf~/ Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl v~gbb* mo gqqykrmod g RMV^G qykclf~* ylrmltv ~el vqkovky”v qjgov bky KVK^ gon igvlv m~v lrgj|g~mko kb ~el qykclf~”v hlym~v gon qk~lo~mgj bky v|fflvv ko ~elvl nlvmdov/ Bky mobkyhg~mko ko qjgoomod gon nlvmdomod go KVK^* vll Fegq~ly <3 Qylqgymod bky g RMV^G”v Gyymrgj/ êl Ko¨Vm~l Kymlo~g~mko gon ^ygmomod mv g v|qlyrmvky} bgfl~ ~eg~ lov|ylv ~el RMV^Gv |onlyv~gon gon gyl qylqgyln ~k fgyy} k|~ ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v* gon ~eg~ eljqv mnlo~mb} gylgv telyl ~ygmomod ky fkgfemod mv ylw|myln/ Mo¨Vlyrmfl ^ygmomod Mo¨Vlyrmfl ^ygmomod mv bkjjkt¨|q ~ygmomod ~eg~ qykrmnlv RMV^Gv ~el kqqky~|om~} ~k¡nlrljkq vqlfmbmf òktjlndl gon v`mjjv ollnln ~k qlybkyh ~elmy gvvmdohlo~v/ êmv ~ygmomod hg} ~g`l qjgfl g~ `l} qkmo~v mo g RMV^G”v vlyrmfl3 lgyj} ko* ~k nlrljkq ~el òktjlndl gon v`mjjv mnlo~mbmln i} ~el v|qlyrmvky gon ~el RMV^G0 jg~ly mo vlyrmfl vek|jn go kqqky~|om~} qylvlo~ m~vljb0 gon lrlo jg~ly gv ~el RMV^G ~ygovm~mkov k|~ kb vlyrmfl/ ^ygmomod kqqky~|om~mlv hg} il g fk|yvl* g fkoblylofl* ky g qykblvvmkogj nlrljkqhlo~ gf~mrm~} %v|fe gv g ~lhqkygy} ylgvvmdohlo~ ky vegnktmod g fkjjlgd|l- ~eg~ hll~v g RMV^G”v qykblvvmkogj nlrljkqhlo~ olln/ ^ygmomod ~kqmfv hg} mofj|nl i|~ gyl ok~ jmhm~ln ~k b|onygmvmod* rkj|o~lly nlrljkqhlo~ gon hgogdlhlo~* dygvvykk~v jlgnlyvemq nlrljkqhlo~* fkhh|om~} gogj}vmv* dyk|q n}oghmfv* hlnmg yljg~mkov* qykclf~ v|v~gmogimjm~}* gon vqlfmbmf ~ygmomod mo qykdygh mvv|l gylgv/ Hlo~kymod gon fkgfemod i} ~el v|qlyrmvky mv gjvk go mhqky~go~ fkhqkolo~ kb g RMV^G”v nlrljkqhlo~ gon ~ygmomod/

65





v|fe gv ‚^lyhv* Fkonm~mkov* gon Ilolbm~v kb Vlyrmfl‘ bky RMV^Gv gon ‚Gnhmomv~yg~mrl Ykjlv gon Ylvqkovmimjm~mlv kb RMV^G V|qlyrmvkyv/‘ Vqlfmbmfgjj} bky v|qlyrmvkyv mv g ekv~ kb fk|yvlv* gy~mfjlv* ~ygmomod nlvmdov* gon ~kkjv ~eg~ gnnylvv qykclf~ hgogdlhlo~0 v|qlyrmvmko0 RMV^G ylfy|m~hlo~* nlrljkqhlo~* gon yl~lo~mko0 ylvk|yfl dlolyg~mko* v|v~gmogijl fkhh|om~} nlrljkqhlo~* gon hkyl/ Vqkovkyv gon RMV^Gv gjvk¡egrl g hlgov ~k¡fkoolf~ gon nmvf|vv vqlfmbmf qykdygh mvv|lv gon vegyl ylvk|yflv/ Vlrlygj k~ely tlivm~lv qykrmnl mobkyhg~mko yljg~ln ~k GhlymFkyqv RMV^G gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl* mofj|nmod3

ttt/Og~mkogjVlyrmfl/dkr3 êl kbbmfmgj tlivm~l kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl qykrmnlv mobkyhg~mko ~k¡eljq ~el q|ijmf |onlyv~gon ~el hmvvmko kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl/ M~ mofj|nlv mobkyhg~mko ko gjj ~el qykdyghv* jldmvjg~mrl |qng~lv* qykdygh nmylf~kymlv* bkyhv* gon qylvv yljlgvlv/ ttt/Og~mkogjVlyrmflylVk|yflv/kyd3 êl Ylvk|yfl Flo~ly mv g kol¨v~kq vekq bky kojmol ~kkjv gon ~ygmomod ylvk|yflv ~k v~ylod~elo }k|y rkj|o~lly ky vlyrmfl qykdygh/ ]k| fgo v|ivfymil ~k¡~el Flo~ly”v 99 jmv~vlyrv ky nktojkgn vlyrmfl¨kymlo~ln d|mnlv gon k~ely ylvk|yflv/

Mo gnnm~mko ~k¡~el tlivm~lv jmv~ln gikrl gon ~el bky|hv ko ~el RMV^G Fghq|v* }k| fgo gjvk ckmo vlrlygj nmvf|vvmko dyk|qv* jmv~vlyrv* gon hgmjmod jmv~v* mofj|nmod3

RMV^Gol~ mv go kojmol nmvf|vvmko dyk|q |vln i} bkyhly RMV^Gv* f|yylo~ RMV^Gv* qykclf~ v|qlyrmvkyv* gon go}kol mo~lylv~ln mo og~mkogj vlyrmfl/ ^k ckmo RMV^Gol~* fkhqjl~l ~el tli v|ivfymq~mko bkyh g~ jmv~vlyr/mfkyv/kyd+gyfemrlv+rmv~gol~/e~hj/ RMV^Gol~ mv ok~ vqkovkyln* lonkyvln* ky hgmo~gmoln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl* ky GhlymFkyqv RMV^G/ êl RMV^G V|qlyrmvkyv jmv~vlyr mv g bky|h ~k nmvf|vv ~el hgogdlhlo~ kb RMV^G qykclf~v gon RMV^G rkj|o~llyv/ Qgy~mfmqgo~v vegyl qykhmvmod qygf~mflv* qykdygh ylvlgyfe* fkoblylofl gon ~ygmomod gook|oflhlo~v* ylvk|yflv* gon k~ely qly~molo~ |qng~lv yljg~mrl ~k ~el RMV^G qykdygh/ êl jmv~vlyr mv ylv~ymf~ln ~k¡RMV^G v|qlyrmvkyv gon Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb/ ]k| fgo ckmo i} vlonmod go lhgmj hlvvgdl ~k¡ ckmo¨RMV^G[V|qlyrmvkyvAjmv~v/l~y/kyd/

>1



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fegq~ly 4 Qykclf~ Mhqjlhlo~g~mko* V|v~gmogimjm~}* gon Lrgj|g~mko

MO ÊMV FEGQ^LY Krlyrmlt kb Mhqjlhlo~g~mko

‖ Fkhh|om~} Lhqktlyhlo~ ‖ V|v~gmogimjm~} ‖ Qykclf~ Lrkj|~mko* ^ygmomod* gon ^lfeomfgj Gvvmv~gofl

Hkom~kymod gon Krlyvmde~ ‖ Ylqky~mod

‖ Vm~l Rmvm~v

Krlyrmlt kb Mhqjlhlo~g~mko Mhqjlhlo~mod g RMV^G qykclf~ morkjrlv ~ygmomod gon v|qqky~mod ~el RMV^Gv* lodgdmod ~el fkhh|om~}* gon ylqky~mod gf~mrm~mlv gon gffkhqjmvehlo~v/ Qykclf~ mhqjlhlo~g~mko morkjrlv jlgnmod qlkqjl„vegymod g rmvmko* movqmymod qgy~olyv* i|mjnmod ~lghv* v|qqky~mod ~elh ~k¡ylgfe emde qlybkyhgofl jlrljv* dmrmod bllnigf`* gon vkjrmod qykijlhv/ RMV^G qykclf~v fko~mo|l bky h|j~mqjl }lgyv* ~}qmfgjj} ~eyll ~k bmrl/ êl RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gon RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko %RGN- k|~jmol ~el gf~mrm~mlv bky ~el qykclf~”v mhqjlhlo~g~mko n|ymod ~el }lgy/ Gj~ek|de ~el qykclf~ qjgo k|~jmolv ~el ylv|j~v }k| luqlf~ ~k¡gfemlrl n|ymod g kol¨}lgy qlymkn* ~el dkgjv vek|jn yljg~l ~k g ~eyll¨}lgy ~mhljmol/ M~ hg} il eljqb|j ~k¡k|~jmol gon ylbly ~k g dkgj v~g~lhlo~ ~eg~ vqgov gjj luqlf~ln }lgyv kb }k|y qykclf~/ %]k|y kydgomsg~mko fylg~ln g dkgj v~g~lhlo~ n|ymod ~el gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv-/ Ylbly ~k¡~el h|j~m}lgy qjgo n|ymod mhqjlhlo~g~mko ~k eljq }k| v~g} ko ~ygf` gv }k| gffkhqjmve ylv|j~v/ Ylrmvm~ }k|y qjgo yld|jgyj} ~k¡vll mb }k|y gvv|hq~mkov egrl tm~ev~kkn ~el ~lv~ kb ~mhl gon gf~|gj qykclf~ luqlymlofl/ Egrl }k|y kymdmogj dkgjv gon ylv|j~v qykrlo ylgjmv~mf; Ekt nklv }k|y gf~|gj qykdylvv fkhqgyl tm~e }k|y go~mfmqg~ln ~mhljmol bky gfemlrmod qykclf~ ylv|j~v; ]k| hg} olln ~k¡hll~ tm~e ~el qykclf~ v~g`lekjnlyv ~k¡ylrmlt gon ylrmvl }k|y qjgo igvln ko gf~|gj qykclf~ luqlymlofl/

>7



êl bkjjktmod jkdmf hknlj vektv g ~eyll¨}lgy qjgo bky g RMV^G hlo~kymod qykdygh/ Fkhh|om~} Olln Dkgj

Moq|~v

Gf~mrm~mlv

Hmjlv~kolv

] l g y 7

] l g y 9

êl GIF V~g~l Qymvko Bljjktvemq Kbbmfl Ylqky~ %9114- bk|on ~eg~ hkyl ~ego <11 femjnylo gon }k|~e mo Tg`l~g Fk|o~} egrl g~ jlgv~ kol qgylo~ mofgyflyg~ln mo ~el v~g~l ky blnlygj qlom~lo~mgy}/ Gik|~ ~tk¨~emynv kb ~elvl femjnylo gon }k|~e %27,- jmrl mo ek|vlekjnv tm~e mofkhlv iljkt ~el Blnlygj qkrly~} jmol/ H|yyg} gon Bgyymod~ko %9114-

v~|nmln

ylv|j~v

bykh

ylvlgyfe gon ylqylvlo~g~mrl vghqjlv ko femjnylo kb mofgyflyg~ln qgylo~v gon bk|on ~eg~ ~el} gyl hkyl mofjmoln ~k v|bbly go~m¨vkfmgj gon nljmow|lo~ ilegrmky* hlo~gj elgj~e qykijlhv* ny|d |vl* vfekkj bgmj|yl gon |olhqjk}hlo~/ êkvl tek tlyl qylvlo~ telo ~el qgylo~ tgv gyylv~ln hg} gjvk il ~yg|hg~msln mo gnnm~mko ~k lon|ymod ~el qgmo kb

vlqgyg~mko/

Tg`l~g Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmflv %TFV- f|yylo~j} qykrmnlv hlo~kymod vlyrmflv ~k femjnylo gon }k|~e kb mofgyflyg~ln qgylo~v mo Tg`l~g Fk|o~} tek kb~lo v|bbly vkfmgj* lhk~mkogj* gon fkdom~mrl nljg}v* egrl nmbbmf|j~} mo vfekkj* gon bllj v~mdhg~msln/ Ektlrly* TFV egv egn nmbbmf|j~} bmonmod lok|de rkj|o~llyv ~k hll~ ~el nlhgon bky hlo~kyv gon hkv~

rkj|o~lly

hlo~kyv

nk

ok~ v~g} tm~e ~el qykdygh bky hkyl ~ego ~eyll ky bk|y hko~ev/ Hlo~kyv lov|yl ~eg~ femjnylo gon }k|~e kb mofgyflyg~ln qgylo~v ylflmrl vkfmgj gon lhk~mkogj v|qqky~/

Nlrljkq* loegofl* mhqjlhlo~ rkj|o~lly ylfy|m~hlo~ gon hgogdlhlo~ %Y"H- v}v~lh3 • Ylrmlt lumv~mod

rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lh/

• Nlrljkq mhqykrlhlo~ qjgo/

• V|ihm~ qjgo ~k Ikgyn kb Nmylf~kyv bky ylrmlt gon gqqykrgj/

• Mhqjlhlo~ fegodlv ~k rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lh/

• Kymlo~+~ygmo v~gbb ~k |vl ylrmvln rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lh/

Bmol¨~|ol rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lhv igvln ko v~gbb gon rkj|o~lly bllnigf`/ Mo~ldyg~l fegodlv mo~k hlo~kymod qykdygh/ Nlrljkq b|onygmvmod qjgo/

Ikgyn gqqykrlv Y"H qjgo/ Y"H v}v~lh fkhqkolo~v fylg~ln+ylrmvln %vfyllomod qykfln|ylv* ~ygmomod f|yymf|jg* ylfy|m~hlo~ ng~gigvl* v|qqky~ ylvk|yflv* l~f/-/ V~gbb kymlo~g~mko gon ~ygmomod fkhqjl~ln/ Olt+ylrmvln Y"H v}v~lhv gyl kqlyg~mkogj3 Rkj|o~llyv gyl ylfy|m~ln |vmod olt v}v~lhv/ Olt+ylrmvln rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lhv gyl lbblf~mrl3 Rkj|o~llyv vlyrl g~ jlgv~ 6 hko~ev/

^k eljq lov|yl ~eg~ femjnylo gon }k|~e kb mofgyflyg~ln qgylo~v ylflmrl ~el vkfmgj gon lhk~mkogj v|qqky~ ~el} olln ~k eljq ~elh lvfgql ~el f}fjl kb qkrly~}* ~el TFV RMV^G qykclf~ tmjj i|mjn ~el fgqgfm~} kb ~el kydgomsg~mko ~eyk|de ~el nlrljkqhlo~ kb g v|v~gmogijl rkj|o~lly ylfy|m~hlo~ gon hgogdlhlo~ v}v~lh bky ~el hlo~kymod qykdygh/

9 RMV^Gv Qykdygh v~gbb Ikgyn kb Nmylf~kyv Gnrmvky} Ikgyn Bmogofmgj gon hg~lymgj ylvk|yflv

Y"H v}v~lh fkhqkolo~vb|y~ely ylbmoln/Rkj|o~lly hlo~kyv ylfy|m~ln/]k|~e gyl hlo~kyln/Mofylgvln v~gbb |vl kb rkj|o~lly Y"H v}v~lhvHkyl rkj|o~llyv fkhqjl~lhlo~ky ~ygmomod/Hkyl rkj|o~llyv |vlv|qqky~ v}v~lhv/Mofylgvln yl~lo~mko kb rkj|o~llyvHkyl }k|~e hg~feln tm~erkj|o~lly hlo~kyv/Hlo~kymod yljg~mkovemqv jgv~jkodly/]k|~e gon hlo~kyv bkyhfjkvly ikonv/

9 RMV^Gv Qykdygh v~gbb Ikgyn kb Nmylf~kyv Gnrmvky} Ikgyn Bmogofmgj gon hg~lymgj ylvk|yflv

>9



Fkhh|om~} Olln Dkgj

Moq|~v

Gf~mrm~mlv

Hmjlv~kolv

] l g y 6

9 RMV^Gv Qykdygh v~gbb Ikgyn kb Nmylf~kyv Gnrmvky} Ikgyn

Mhqjlhlo~ b|onygmvmod qjgo3 • Ekv~ b|onygmvmod

lrlo~v • Gqqj} bky dygo~v/ • Mnlo~mb} rkj|o~lly

fkkynmog~kyv • Mhqjlhlo~ goo|gj

b|onygmvmod

B|onygmvmod qjgo gqqykrln i} Ikgyn kb Nmylf~kyv/ B|onygmvmod lrlo~v eljn/ Dygo~ gqqjmfg~mkov v|ihm~~ln/ Jkod¨~lyh v}v~lh bky b|onygmvmod mv mov~m~|~ln/ Jkod¨~lyh fkhhm~hlo~ bky rkj|o~lly fkkynmog~kyv lv~gijmveln/ Mofylgvln bmogofmgj gon

Bmogofmgj gon hg~lymgj

ylvk|yflv

fghqgmdov Mov~m~|~mkogjmsl hlo~kymod qykdygh fegodlv gon v|v~gmogimjm~} v}v~lhv/

qlyvkoolj ylvk|yflv ~k v|qqky~ hlo~kymod qykdygh/ V~gbb gon Ikgyn mov~m~|~mkogjmsl fegodlv+loegoflhlo~v kb hlo~kymod qykdygh ~eyk|de qkjmf} gon ko¨dkmod v~gbb ~ygmomod/

Fkhh|om~} Lhqktlyhlo~ Gv }k| mhqjlhlo~ ~el qykclf~* m~ tmjj vkko il lrmnlo~ ~eg~ RMV^Gv gyl ~el fg~gj}v~v bky fegodl/ Fkhh|om~} ylvk|yflv gyl |vln ~k hll~ dkgjv gon mobkyh ~el qykclf~/ Vqkovkyv h|v~ lov|yl ~eg~ ~el qykclf~ lodgdlv ylvmnlo~v kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} mo mhqjlhlo~mod ~el qykclf~/ Gv }k| òkt bykh ~el gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv* <7 qlyflo~ ky hkyl kb }k|y kydgomsg~mko”v ikgyn kb nmylf~kyv gyl hlhilyv kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} %ky mb ~emv mv ok~ ~el fgvl* }k|y gdlof} nlrljkqln go gnrmvky} fk|ofmj bky ~el RMV^G qykclf~ ~eg~ fkovmv~v kb hlhilyv ky ylqylvlo~g~mrlv kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} vlyrln i} ~el qykclf~-/ N|ymod mhqjlhlo~g~mko* ~el ykjl kb ~el ikgyn ky gnrmvky} fk|ofmj mv3

^k hll~ qlymknmfgjj} %ok jlvv ~ego ~tmfl }lgyj}- tm~e ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko$v v~gbb ~k ylrmlt gon fkhhlo~ ko ~el nlrljkqhlo~ gon mhqjlhlo~g~mko kb ~el qykclf~/ êmv ylrmlt gon fkhhlo~gy} vek|jn il nmylf~ln ~ktgyn ~el gnlw|gf} kb ~el qykclf~ ~k¡hll~ ~el mnlo~mbmln ollnv kb ~el

qykclf~

ilolbmfmgymlv

^k v|ihm~* mb m~ vk fekkvlv* tym~~lo ylqky~v gon hmo|~lv kb m~v hll~modv ~k¡~el vqkovky ~k gffkhqgo} ~el Qykclf~ Qykdylvv Ylqky~ ^k ~el lu~lo~ qygf~mfgj* gvvmv~ ~el vqkovky mo ~el qjgoomod kb g fko~mo|g~mko qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko

Mo gjj mov~goflv* ~el fkhh|om~} h|v~ il mo ~el bkylbyko~* gon ~el RMV^Gv h|v~ ~g`l ~elmy d|mngofl bykh qykclf~ v~gbb gon ~el fkhh|om~}/ êmv gqqykgfe ylw|mylv RMV^Gv ~k¡bghmjmgymsl ~elhvljrlv tm~e ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gon ~el RGN* gv tljj gv ~k hll~ tm~e vqkovky v~gbb* ikgyn gon gnrmvky} dyk|q hlhilyv* k~elyv ~el vqkovky mnlo~mbmlv gv egrmod g tky`mod òktjlndl kb ~el mvv|l ~k il gnnylvvln* gon ~el fkhh|om~} g~ jgydl/ êmv qygf~mfl hg} morkjrl nmylf~ fko~gf~ tm~e monmrmn|gj

>6



fkhh|om~} hlhilyv tek gyl vll`mod gvvmv~gofl/ êmv qykflvv hg} jlgn fkhh|om~} hlhilyv ~k¡mnlo~mb} olt mvv|lv gon k~ely v~yg~ldmlv bky gnnylvvmod qykclf~ dkgjv/ Vmdombmfgo~ fegodlv mo RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gon RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mkov ylw|myl gqqykrgj i} ~el qykclf~ gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ V|v~gmogimjm~} Fkhh|om~} morkjrlhlo~ jlgnv ~k¡v|v~gmogimjm~}/ V|v~gmogimjm~} mv ~el qykflvv kb vl~~mod jkfgj rkj|o~llyv* ylvk|yflv* gon qykdyghv mo qjgfl ~el} tmjj fko~mo|l jkod gb~ly ~el RMV^G qykclf~ lonv/ Bykh ~el ildmoomod kb ~el qykclf~ qjgoomod qykflvv* ~el vqkovky h|v~ ~emo` gik|~ ekt ~k¡|vl ~el RMV^G qykclf~ ~k qegvl mo k~ely ylvk|yflv gon v}v~lhv ~k ylqjgfl ~el RMV^G ylvk|yfl/ RMV^G gffkhqjmvehlo~ v|yrl}v fkon|f~ln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko vekt ~eg~ ~eyll }lgyv gb~ly qykclf~v egrl lonln* 41 qlyflo~ kb qykdyghv egrl fko~mo|ln/ Hkimjmsmod fkhh|om~} ylvk|yflv eljqv ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ go~m¨qkrly~} gf~mrm~mlv tmjj fko~mo|l jkod gb~ly ~el RMV^G ylvk|yfl mv tm~enygto/ êlyl gyl bk|y olflvvgy} fkonm~mkov bky v|v~gmogimjm~} ~eyk|de fkhh|om~} lhqktlyhlo~3

êl fkhhm~hlo~* lolyd}* gon mom~mg~mrl ~eg~ ~el RMV^G iymodv ~k¡~elfkhh|om~}êl morkjrlhlo~ kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko mo qykclf~ v|qlyrmvmko*v|qqky~* vljb¨gvvlvvhlo~* gon qjgoomodêl qgy~mfmqg~mko kb ~el qykclf~ ilolbmfmgymlv mo gjj qegvlv kb qykclf~nlrljkqhlo~ gon mhqjlhlo~g~mkoêl fko~mo|ln qgy~mfmqg~mko kb ~el fkhh|om~} ~eyk|de ~el qykrmvmko kb rkj|o~llyv* hg~lymgj gon bmogofmgj ylvk|yflv* gon luqly~mvl

Qykdylvv ~ktgynv v|v~gmogimjm~} ollnv ~k¡il hkom~kyln yld|jgyj} ~k¡lov|yl qykdylvvmrl v~lqv gyl ~g`lo ~ktgyn ~el lrlo~|gj givkyq~mko kb qykclf~ mom~mg~mrlv i} ~el vqkovky gon ~el fkhh|om~}/ Qykclf~ Lrkj|~mko* ^ygmomod* gon ^lfeomfgj Gvvmv~gofl êl RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo vek|jn ilfkhl mofylgvmodj} vqlfmbmf krly ~mhl gv ~el qykclf~ hkrlv ~ktgyn vljb¨v|bbmfmlof}/ ^ygmomod gon ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl bky mhqjlhlo~mod ~el qykclf~ gyl grgmjgijl ~eyk|de ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl gv tljj gv ~el Ylvk|yfl Flo~ly* go kojmol mobkyhg~mko ylqkvm~ky}* vqkovkyln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* ~eg~ mofj|nlv ~kkjv gon ~ygmomod hg~lymgjv bky rkj|o~llyv gon vlyrmfl qykdyghv/ Gv ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo mv mhqjlhlo~ln* olflvvgy} gnc|v~hlo~v hg} il hgnl ~k¡gffkhqjmve ~el qjgooln dkgjv ~eyk|de qlymknmf ylrmltv i} ~el vqkovky gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/

>>



Hkom~kymod gon Krlyvmde~ Hkom~kymod* lrgj|g~mko* gon bkjjkt¨|q gyl mhqky~go~ ljlhlo~v kb dkkn qykclf~ qjgoomod

gon

mhqjlhlo~g~mko/

Hkom~kymod

gon

krlyvmde~

mofj|nlv

gvvlvvmod

ekt

tljj

~el qykclf~ mv ilmod mhqjlhlo~ln gon tel~ely ky ok~ ~el qykclf~ mv ko ~ygf` ~k gfemlrmod m~v dkgjv/ êl vqkovky vek|jn il lodgdln mo fko~mo|k|v hkom~kymod kb qykdylvv/ Gnnm~mkogjj}* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mv ylvqkovmijl bky qykrmnmod hkom~kymod gon krlyvmde~ ~k¡v|qqky~ ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko”v hkom~kymod gf~mkov mofj|nl ~el ylrmlt kb kodkmod ylqky~v gon nmylf~ln ~ygmomod gon ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl* gv tljj gv qlybkyhmod kovm~l rmvm~v/ Ylqky~mod êl vqkovky+v|qlyrmvky v|ihm~v g Qykdylvv Ylqky~ ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl w|gy~lyj} bky bmyv~¨}lgy qykclf~v gon vlhmgoo|gjj} ~elylgb~ly* |ojlvv k~elytmvl vqlfmbmln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ êl q|yqkvl kb ~el ylqky~ mv ~k¡~ygf` ~el qykclf~”v qykdylvv gdgmov~ ~el dkgjv k|~jmoln mo ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo* gon ~k |qng~l ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ko ~el qykclf~”v fegjjlodlv gon v|fflvvlv/ êl Qykdylvv Ylqky~ gjvk eljqv ~el Fkyqkyg~mko gon vqkovky ~k¡il gffk|o~gijl ~k v~g`lekjnlyv* mnlo~mb} ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl ollnv* ylgvvlvv ~el qykclf~ gon hg`l go} olflvvgy} gnc|v~hlo~v* gon i|mjn g f|h|jg~mrl qykclf~ ylfkyn bky b|~|yl ylblylofl/ êl Qykdylvv Ylqky~ bkyh mv grgmjgijl ko ~el Fkyqkyg~mko”v tlivm~l ky bykh ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Qykdylvv Ylqky~v gyl fkhqjl~ln mo lDygo~v/ êl ylqky~ fko~gmov ~eyll qymhgy} vlf~mkov/ êl bmyv~ vlf~mko* ‚RMV^G gon Vqkovky Nlrljkqhlo~*‘ qykrmnlv g fegy~ bky vqkovkyv ~k¡monmfg~l ~el ~}qlv kb ~ygmomod qykrmnln ~k¡RMV^Gv gon v|qlyrmvkyv/ êl fegy~ gjvk¡gv`v tel~ely ~el ~ygmomod tgv b|onln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* ky i} ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko ky k~ely lo~m~}/ êl vlfkon vlf~mko* ‚Qlybkyhgofl Hlgv|ylv*‘ qykrmnlv g ~lhqjg~l igvln ko }k|y qykclf~ qjgo gon gjjktv }k| ~k¡lo~ly }k|y gffkhqjmvehlo~v gdgmov~ ~el ~gydl~v }k| vl~ bky ~el qykclf~/ Mo ~emv vlf~mko* }k| ylqky~ ko lgfe qlybkyhgofl hlgv|yl jmv~ln mo ~el qykclf~ qjgo/ ]k| h|v~ nmvf|vv lgfe qlybkyhgofl hlgv|yl* lrlo mb hmomhgj tky` tgv gffkhqjmveln ky }k| nk ok~ egrl bmogj ng~g/ êl ~emyn vlf~mko* ‚Ogyyg~mrl*‘ qykrmnlv }k| ~el kqqky~|om~} ~k nlvfymil }k|y fegjjlodlv* ~ygmomod ollnv* gon k~ely gffkhqjmvehlo~v ok~ fkrlyln |only ~el qylrmk|v vlf~mkov/ êmv vlf~mko gjvk¡gv`v }k| ~k nlvfymil }k|y qgy~olyvemqv gon fkjjgikyg~mkov* gv tljj gv ~el lbbky~v }k| egrl hgnl ~k hkrl }k|y qykclf~ ~ktgynv v|v~gmogimjm~}/ Kofl ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ylrmltv ~el v|ihm~~ln ylqky~* ~el kbbmfl nl~lyhmolv ~el ghk|o~ kb ~ygmomod gon ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl ~el qykclf~ ollnv gon bkjjktv ~eyk|de gffkynmodj}/ êmv bkjjkt¨|q hg} ~g`l ~el bkyh kb ko¨vm~l v|qlyrmvky ~ygmomod* vqlfmgjmsln lgyj} vlyrmfl ky mo¨vlyrmfl ~ygmomod* d|mngofl ko gnhmomv~yg~mrl qykfln|ylv* ky ylrmvmkov ~k¡qykclf~ qjgov/ êl Fkyqkyg~mkov ylw|mylv g bmogofmgj v~g~|v ylqky~ bky qykclf~v ~eg~ ylflmrln g dygo~/

><



Felf`jmv~ bky Fkhqjl~mod Qykdylvv Ylqky~v Dlolygj ~mqv

@llq

dkkn

ylfkynv

n|ymod

~el

}lgy

Vfeln|jl qjlo~} kb ~mhl ~k tym~l ylqky~v Kydgomsl gjj nkf|hlo~v ollnln bky ~el ylqky~ ilbkyl dl~~mod v~gy~ln Nk ok~ jlgrl go}~emod ijgo` %‚OG‘ v~gonv bky ‚ok~ gfflq~gijl‘- Olt qykclf~v ~eg~ nk ok~ egrl RMV^Gv ko ikgyn hg} ok~ egrl h|fe qykdylvv ~k

ylqky~ ko qykclf~ lon dkgjv/ Mov~lgn* bkf|v ko nlvfymimod ylfy|m~hlo~ gon k~ely v~gy~|q gf~mrm~mlv/

Vkhl ilv~ qygf~mflv bky ylqky~mod mo ~el Qykclf~ Qjgo vlf~mko3 Ylhlhily ~eg~ g fjlgy* fkofmvl qykclf~ qjgo mv ~el `l} ~k dkkn* vmhqjl ylqky~mod @llq ylqky~mod gjmdoln tm~e kymdmogj qykclf~ qjgo Hmn¨}lgy ylqky~3 Mb }k| egrl ok~ b|jj} ylgfeln g qykclf~ hmjlv~kol* ylqky~ ko ~el

qykdylvv ~k ng~l/ Mofj|nl v~g~mv~mfv mo ylqky~v* ok~ c|v~ nlvfymq~mkov Mofj|nl ylgj o|hilyv tm~e qlyflo~gdlv/ Bky lughqjl* vg} ‚4<, kb ylvqkonlo~v %>< k|~ kb 21-•‘ mov~lgn kb koj} ‚4<, kb ylvqkonlo~v/‘

Gon vkhl ilv~ qygf~mflv bky ylqky~mod mo ~el Ogyyg~mrl vlf~mko3 Fegjjlodlv3 Teg~ gyl }k| nkmod ~k gnnylvv fegjjlodlv; Ylfy|m~hlo~3 Teg~ v~lqv gyl }k| ~g`mod ~k lov|yl g vhkk~e ~ygovm~mko il~tllo

k|~dkmod gon mofkhmod RMV^Gv; ^ygmomod+~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl ollnv3 Teg~ gyl ~el ~ygmomod gon ~lfeomfgj

gvvmv~gofl ollnv kb }k|y qykclf~; %Nk ok~ nlvfymil ~ygmomod }k| egrl ylflmrln bykh ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/-

Qgy~olyvemq+Fkjjgikyg~mko nlrljkqhlo~3 Nk ok~ vmhqj} jmv~ olt qgy~olyvemqv/ Nlvfymil ekt gf~mrm~mlv tm~e qgy~olyv yljg~l ~k gfemlrmod qykclf~ dkgjv/

Ylvk|yfl nlrljkqhlo~3 Tek dgrl }k| ylvk|yflv; Ekt tmjj }k| |vl ~elh; V|v~gmogimjm~}3 Ekt tmjj }k| lov|yl RMV^G qykclf~ gffkhqjmvehlo~v lon|yl; K~ely gffkhqjmvehlo~v3 Qykrmnl vqlfmbmf mobkyhg~mko/ Lughqjl 7„Dygo~v3 Nlvfymil ekt RMV^Gv tlyl morkjrln tm~e ~el dygo~

ylw|lv~* ekt h|fe hkol} tgv gtgynln* tek ~el b|only mv* gon ekt nkjjgyv tmjj il |vln/ %êmv fk|jn gjvk dk |only Ylvk|yfl Nlrljkqhlo~/-

Lughqjl 9„^ygmomod Lrlo~v3 Nlvfymil ekt hgo} qgy~mfmqgo~v tlyl morkjrln* teg~ ~el ~ygmomod fkrlyln* gon tek fkon|f~ln ~el ~ygmomod/

Nk ok~ tgm~ |o~mj qykdylvv ylqky~ mv n|l ~k ok~mb} Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl kb hgcky gffkhqjmvehlo~v/

Vm~l Rmvm~v Vm~l rmvm~v* fkon|f~ln i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl v~gbb ~k¡hkom~ky gon v|qqky~ ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko* gyl nlvmdoln ~k¡hll~ vqlfmbmf ollnv* loegofl qykclf~ lbblf~mrlolvv* nljmrly ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl* gon v|qqky~ gon ylfkdomsl qykclf~ v|fflvvlv/ Vm~l rmvm~v gyl g hl~ekn kb lufegodmod mobkyhg~mko0 lov|ymod fkhqjmgofl tm~e dlolygj gnhmomv~yg~mrl* bmogofmgj* gon qykdygh ylw|mylhlo~v0 qykrmnmod ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl gon d|mngofl gv ollnln0 gon gvvmv~mod tm~e qykclf~ qykhk~mko/ Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl hg`lv vm~l rmvm~v ~k¡qykclf~v mo gffkyngofl tm~e goo|gj qykdygh d|mngofl gon v~g~l qjgov/ N|ymod ~el vm~l rmvm~* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ylrmltv ~el qykclf~ bky gnhmomv~yg~mrl lbblf~mrlolvv* fkhqjmgofl* gon w|gjm~}/ Fkyqkyg~mko elgnw|gy~lyv v~gbb hg} gjvk¡hg`l qykclf~ vm~l rmvm~v/ V~gbb hlhilyv hkom~ky qykclf~v gffkynmod ~k ~eyll fg~ldkymlv3

>2



Vqkovkyv gon v|qlyrmvkyv gon ~elmy ykjlv ‖ RMV^G ylfy|m~hlo~ ‖ RMV^G gvvmdohlo~ ‖ Ko¨vm~l kymlo~g~mko ‖ Mo¨vlyrmfl ~ygmomod ‖ Fgylly nlrljkqhlo~ gvvmv~gofl bky RMV^Gv ‖ Gnhmomv~yg~mko* mofj|nmod qykrmvmko kb v|qlyrmvmko* ~ygovqky~g~mko* gon

k~ely v|qqky~ ‖ Gvvlvvhlo~ kb olln bky Fkyqkyg~mko v|qqky~ gon ~ygmomod

Fkhqjmgofl ‖ Qykdyghhg~mf ‖ Bmvfgj ‖ Jldgj gon yld|jg~ky}

Fkhh|om~} mhqgf~ gon vljb¨v|bbmfmlof} ‖ Gffkhqjmvehlo~v

‖ ^yk|ijlvekk~mod gon hlfegomvhv bky krlyfkhmod fegjjlodlv ‖ Ylvk|yflv dlolyg~ln ‖ V|v~gmogimjm~}„ekt ~el fkhh|om~} mv dkmod ~k ~g`l krly telo ~el

RMV^G mv dkol êl Fkyqkyg~mko hg} gjvk fkon|f~ g bmvfgj ylrmlt ky g|nm~ mb g qykclf~ ylflmrln g dygo~/

>4





Fkhhko Mvv|lv êmv fegy~ jmv~v vkhl fkhhko mvv|lv ~eg~ hg} gymvl gon dmrlv v|ddlv~ln gf~mkov/ Bky hkyl nl~gmjv gik|~ vkhl kb ~elvl mvv|lv* ylbly ~k¡~el RMV^G Hlhily Egonikk`/ Jlgrl Mvv|l V|ddlv~ln Gf~mko G RMV^G ylw|lv~v qlyvkogj jlgrl mo bmyv~ 6 hko~ev ky jgv~ hko~e Gqqykrl3 ektlrly* lofk|ygdl ~el RMV^G ~k jmhm~ jlgrl

~k lhlydlofmlv gon bghmj} hg~~lyv mo ~el bmyv~ 6 hko~ev gon jgv~ hko~e

G RMV^G ylw|lv~v qlyvkogj jlgrl mo luflvv kb 71 tky`ng}v Nk ok~ gqqykrl

G RMV^G ylw|lv~v hlnmfgj jlgrl bky okohlnmfgj ylgvkov Nk ok~ gqqykrl G RMV^G ylw|lv~v hlnmfgj jlgrl mo luflvv kb 71 tky`ng}v Nk ok~ gqqykrl0 RMV^G fgo |vl qlyvkogj jlgrl0 mb ~el

ylw|lv~ lufllnv ~el ylhgmomod qlyvkogj gon hlnmfgj jlgrl* fko~gf~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl %FVK- bky qkvvmijl ~lyhmog~mko kb ~el RMV^G

G RMV^G ylw|lv~v jlgrl bky imy~e ky gnkq~mko Gqqykrl |vl kb qlyvkogj jlgrl gon hlnmfgj jlgrl* qj|v

71 tky`ng}v mo fgvlv telyl lu~lonln ylf|qlyg~mko mv ylw|myln

G RMV^G mv gtg} bykh ~el qykclf~ tm~ek|~ gqqykrln jlgrl Felf` ko ~el RMV^G”v vgbl~}0 fko~gf~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko

V~g~l Kbbmfl mhhlnmg~lj}0 FVK hg} qkvvmij} ~lyhmog~l ~el RMV^G

G RMV^G ylw|lv~v lhlydlof} jlgrl ilfg|vl go mhhlnmg~l bghmj} hlhily kb ~el RMV^G mv fym~mfgjj} mjj ky egv nmln

Gqqykrl0 g RMV^G mv gjjktln |q ~k < tky`ng}v kb jlgrl |only ~elvl fmyf|hv~goflv0 ~el lhlydlof} jlgrl nklv ok~ fk|o~ gdgmov~ qlyvkogj ky hlnmfgj jlgrl

G RMV^G tgo~v ~k jlgrl RMV^G vlyrmfl bky go lu~lonln qlymkn gon yl~|yo ~k RMV^G vlyrmfl tm~emo g }lgy

Fko~gf~ ~el FVK0 ~el FVK hg} gjjkt ~el RMV^G ~k jlgrl ~el qykclf~ gon il ylmov~g~ln lm~ely mo }k|y qykclf~ ky gok~ely qykclf~ tm~emo g }lgy

G RMV^G mv fgjjln bky c|y} n|~} Gqqykrl0 g RMV^G”v c|y} vlyrmfl nklv ok~ fk|o~ gv qlyvkogj jlgrl

G RMV^G tmvelv ~k qgy~mfmqg~l mo vqlfmgj ng}v kb vlyrmfl* l/d/* Hgy~mo

J|~ely

@mod*

Cy/

Ekjmng}*

Og~mkogj Rkj|o~lly Tll`* GhlymFkyqv Tll`

Gjjkt* gv ylgvkogijl* mo yljg~mko ~k qykclf~ n|~mlv0 ~emv jlgrl nklv ok~ fk|o~ gdgmov~ qlyvkogj jlgrl

G RMV^G mv ylw|myln ~k ylqky~ bky hmjm~gy} vlyrmfl Gqqykrl veky~¨~lyh hmjm~gy} vlyrmfl %tll`¨lon ky

goo|gj ~ygmomod-0 ~emv nklv ok~ fk|o~ gv qlyvkogj jlgrl G RMV^G tmvelv ~k rk~l n|ymod yld|jgy vlyrmfl ek|yv Gqqykrl telo ~emv jlgrl mv fkhhko qygf~mfl g~ ~el

kydgomsg~mko+gdlof}0 lofk|ygdl |vl kb ~mhl k|~vmnl yld|jgy vlyrmfl ek|yv

G RMV^G tmvelv jlgrl bky qlyvkogj yljmdmk|v kivlyrgofl Gjjkt0 vl~ |q g vfeln|jl bky ~el RMV^G ~k hg`l |q ~el

~mhl |vln

>=





Mvv|l V|ddlv~ln Gf~mko tym~mod ng}v G

RMV^G

~g`lv

gf~mkov

~eg~

gqqlgy

~k nmvfymhmog~l gdgmov~ k~elyv ko ~el igvmv kb ygfl* yljmdmko* fkjky* og~mkogj kymdmo* vlu* vlu|gj kymlo~g~mko* gdl* nmvgimjm~}* qkjm~mfgj gbbmjmg~mko* hgym~gj ky qgylo~gj v~g~|v* ky hmjm~gy} vlyrmfl

^g`l ylgvkogijl

v~lqv

~k

gnnylvv

~el

mhhlnmg~l

vm~|g~mko0 nkf|hlo~ ~el gf~mkov gon fko~gf~ ~el FVK ~k nmvf|vv

G RMV^G ~g`lv gf~mkov ~eg~ gqqlgy ~k vlu|gjj} egygvv k~elyv ^g`l ylgvkogijl v~lqv ~k gnnylvv ~el mhhlnmg~l

vm~|g~mko0 nkf|hlo~ ~el gf~mkov gon fko~gf~ ~el FVK ~k nmvf|vv

Qykemim~ln Gf~mrm~mlvMvv|l V|ddlv~ln Gf~mko G RMV^G egv k|~vmnl lhqjk}hlo~ Mhhlnmg~lj} mobkyh ~el FVK G RMV^G gfflq~v hkol} bky tky` g~ ~el qykclf~ vm~l Mhhlnmg~lj} mobkyh ~el FVK

G RMV^G mv yljg~ln i} ijkkn ky hgyymgdl ~k qykclf~ v~gbb* vqkovky v~gbb* kbbmflyv ky hlhilyv kb ~el vqkovky”v ikgyn kb nmylf~kyv

Mhhlnmg~lj} mobkyh ~el FVK

G RMV^G qgy~mfmqg~lv mo qkjm~mfgj ky jkii}mod gf~mrm~mlv


G RMV^G loykjjv mo go ln|fg~mkogj fk|yvl tm~ek|~ gqqykrgj kb ~el vqkovky gon FVK


Lgyj} ^lyhmog~mkoMvv|l V|ddlv~ln Gf~mko G RMV^G tmvelv ~k jlgrl ~el qykclf~

ilbkyl

emv+ely

~lyh

kb

vlyrmfl mv vfeln|jln ~k lon

Fko~gf~ ~el FVK

êl v|qlyrmvky tmvelv ~k egrl g RMV^G jlgrl ~el qykclf~ ilbkyl emv+ely ~lyh kb vlyrmfl mv vfeln|jln ~k lon

Fko~gf~ ~el FVK qymky ~k ~g`mod go} gf~mko0 il qylqgyln ~k nkf|hlo~ ~el ylgvkov/ Koj} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb fgo ~lyhmog~l g RMV^G/

<7



Ek|vmodMvv|l V|ddlv~ln Gf~mko RMV^G egv nmbbmf|j~} bmonmod gbbkyngijl ek|vmod Ylgvkogij} gvvmv~ ~el RMV^G* gv ilv~ }k| fgo* mo

jkfg~mod ek|vmod ~eyk|de fkhh|om~} ylvmnlo~v* ikgyn hlhilyv* jkfgj i|vmolvvlv* l~f/ %Vll Fegq~ly > bky mnlgv-

RMV^G gfflq~v hkol} bky ylo~* |~mjm~mlv* ky k~ely ek|vmod fkv~v Fko~gf~ ~el FVK

RMV^G egv nmbbmf|j~} tm~e ~el jgonjkyn êmv mvv|l mv il~tllo ~el RMV^G gon ~el jgonjkyn* gon

qymhgymj} ~el ylvqkovmimjm~} kb ~el RMV^G

<9



[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

Fegq~ly =

K~ely M~lhvMO ÊMV FEGQ^LY

Fegodl kb Qykclf~ Gnnylvv Ok~mbmfg~mko Nmvfjkv|yl gon \vl kb RMV^Gv” Gnnylvvlv V|qqjmlv gon Lw|mqhlo~ Nkog~ln gon K~ely dmb~v ~k¡Ilolbm~ ~el Qykclf~ Mo~ljjlf~|gj Qykqly~} Fylg~ln N|ymod Vlyrmfl

Fegodl kb Qykclf~ Gnnylvv Ok~mbmfg~mko êl vqkovky h|v~ mhhlnmg~lj} ok~mb} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mo tym~mod ky i} lhgmj g fegodl mo ~el qykclf~ gnnylvv ~k¡lov|yl ~mhlj} nljmrly} kb fkyylvqkonlofl/ Nmvfjkv|yl gon \vl kb RMV^Gv” Gnnylvvlv êl Fkyqkyg~mko |vlv ~el qymrg~l gnnylvvlv kb RMV^Gv bky mo~lyogj gnhmomv~yg~mrl q|yqkvlv koj}/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko hg} nmvfjkvl g RMV^G”v qymrg~l gnnylvv %ekhl kb ylfkyn ky ylvmnlofl n|ymod vlyrmfl- tm~e ~el RMV^G”v qymky tym~~lo qlyhmvvmko* ky ~k n|j} g|~ekymsln ylqylvlo~g~mrlv kb blnlygj morlv~mdg~mrl gdlofmlv* mofj|nmod ~el Fkyqkyg~mko”v Kbbmfl kb Movqlf~ky Dlolygj* gon q|yv|go~ ~k¡~el Byllnkh kb Mobkyhg~mko Gf~/ êl hgmjmod gnnylvv kb RMV^G qykclf~v gyl q|ijmf òktjlndl gon hg} il nmvfjkvln telo ylw|lv~ln/ V|qqjmlv gon Lw|mqhlo~ êl qkjmf} kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko mv ~k lofk|ygdl vljbëljq gon hkimjmsg~mko kb ylvk|yflv0 ~elylbkyl* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko nklv ok~ qykrmnl ~el lw|mqhlo~ ky v|qqjmlv ylw|myln i} RMV^Gv bky ~elmy qykclf~ gvvmdohlo~/ êl vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko h|v~ qykrmnl go} vqlfmgj lw|mqhlo~ ky v|qqjmlv olflvvgy} ~k¡mhqjlhlo~ g qykclf~ v|fflvvb|jj}/ Nkog~ln gon K~ely Dmb~v ~k Ilolbm~ ~el Qykclf~ êl Fkyqkyg~mko nklv ok~ qg} ~el vemqqmod fkv~v bky dmb~v ky hg~lymgjv nkog~ln ky ki~gmoln i} RMV^Gv ~k¡ilolbm~ ~el qykclf~ ~k temfe RMV^Gv gyl gvvmdoln/ V|fe fkv~v gyl ikyol i} ~el vqkovky/

<6



Mo~ljjlf~|gj Qykqly~} Fylg~ln N|ymod Vlyrmfl RMV^Gv egrl ~el ymde~ ~k fkq}ymde~ tky`v ~eg~ gyl v|iclf~ ~k fkq}ymde~ ~eg~ ~el} qykn|fl gv qgy~ kb ~elmy RMV^G vlyrmfl/ V|fe tky`v mofj|nl vkb~tgyl nlvmdov* ~ygmomod hgo|gjv* f|yymf|jg* rmnlk~gqlv* gon k~ely qykn|f~v fylg~ln i} RMV^Gv temjl vlyrmod gv g RMV^G/ RMV^Gv hg} ok~ vljj* ektlrly* go} tky` ~eg~ mofj|nlv go GhlymFkyqv jkdk tm~ek|~ qymky tym~~lo gqqykrgj kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko/ êyk|de ~elmy loykjjhlo~ mo ~el RMV^G qykdygh* RMV^Gv* tm~e yldgyn ~k¡tky` qykn|f~v fylg~ln i} ~elh gv qgy~ kb ~elmy RMV^G vlyrmfl* gdyll ~k dmrl ~el Fkyqkyg~mko gon ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko telyl ~el} vlyrl go |ojmhm~ln* yk}gj~}¨byll* okolufj|vmrl* gon myylrkfgijl jmflovl ~k¡ki~gmo* |vl* ylqykn|fl* q|ijmve* ky nmvvlhmog~l qykn|f~v* mofj|nmod ng~g qykn|fln bky ~el vqkovky/ RMV^Gv gjvk¡gdyll ~k¡g|~ekymsl k~elyv ~k¡nk¡vk/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko hg} nmv~ymi|~l v|fe qykn|f~v ~eyk|de g nlvmdog~ln fjlgymodek|vl/

<>





GhlymFkyqv OFFF %Og~mkogj Fmrmjmgo Fkhh|om~} Fkyqv- mv g ~lo¨hko~e* b|jj¨~mhl ylvmnlo~mgj vlyrmfl qykdygh bky }k|od Ghlymfgov* gdlv 75 ~k 9>/ Tky`mod mo ~lghv kb 71 ~k¡79* hlhilyv bkf|v ko qykclf~v ~eg~ qyk~lf~ gon fkovlyrl ~el lormykohlo~”v og~|ygj ylvk|yflv* ylvqkon ~k fkhh|om~mlv luqlymlofmod og~|ygj nmvgv~lyv* gon gnnylvv k~ely qylvvmod ollnv kb fkhh|om~mlv/ GhlymFkyqv OFFF hlhilyv vlyrl fkhh|om~mlv mo lrly} v~g~l* i|~ jmrl gon ~ygmo g~ bmrl yldmkogj fghq|vlv* jkfg~ln mo Nlorly* Fkjkygnk0 Vgfyghlo~k* Fgjmbkyomg0 Qlyy} Qkmo~* Hgy}jgon0 Rmo~ko* Mktg0 gon Eg~~mvi|yd* Hmvvmvvmqqm/ Mo qgy~olyvemq tm~e okoqykbm~ kydgomsg~mkov* v~g~l gon jkfgj gdlofmlv* gon bgm~eïgvln gon k~ely fkhh|om~} kydgomsg~mkov* hlhilyv fkhqjl~l vlyrmfl qykclf~v ~eyk|dek|~ ~el yldmko ~el} gyl gvvmdoln/

RMV^G %Rkj|o~llyv Mo Vlyrmfl ^k¡Ghlymfg- mv g b|jj¨~mhl* }lgy¨jkod qykdygh bky monmrmn|gjv gdl 75 ky kjnly tek¡fkhhm~ ~elhvljrlv ~k¡gvvmv~mod jkt¨mofkhl qlkqjl gon fkhh|om~mlv ~k¡mhqykrl ~el fkonm~mkov kb ~elmy kto jmrlv/ RMV^Gv tky` ~k mofylgvl ~el fgqgfm~} kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} ~el} vlyrl i} hkimjmsmod ylvk|yflv* ylfy|m~mod rkj|o~llyv* gon mhqjlhlo~mod fkhh|om~} qykdyghv/ êl} hkimjmsl ~el fkhh|om~} gon m~v ylvk|yflv ~k¡vkjrl g qykijlh vk¡~eg~ ~el fkhh|om~} fgo v|v~gmo ~el gf~mrm~mlv gon vlyrmflv gb~ly ylvk|yflv gyl tm~enygto/ Gqqykumhg~lj} 4*111 RMV^Gv gyl vlyrmod ko hkyl ~ego 7*711 qykclf~v ~eyk|dek|~ ~el fk|o~y}/ RMV^Gv gyl ylfy|m~ln ik~e og~mkogjj} gon jkfgjj}* gon gb~ly v|fflvvb|jj} fkhqjl~mod g }lgy kb vlyrmfl* ~el} fgo lm~ely ylflmrl g Vldgj GhlymFkyqv Ln|fg~mko Gtgyn ~k qg} kbb lumv~mod v~|nlo~ jkgov ky bmogofl b|~|yl ln|fg~mko* ky fekkvl g fgve v~mqlon/

Jlgyo gon Vlyrl Ghlymfg Jlgyo gon Vlyrl Ghlymfg qykrmnlv go )ko yghq) ~k¡g jmbl~mhl kb fmrmf lodgdlhlo~ bky hkyl ~ego g hmjjmko v~|nlo~v lgfe }lgy/ êl qykdygh gtgynv dygo~v ~k¡v~g~l ln|fg~mko gdlofmlv* vfekkjv* okoqykbm~ dyk|qv* gon mov~m~|~mkov kb emdely ln|fg~mko ~k lodgdl v~|nlo~v mo vlyrmfl gf~mrm~mlv jmo`ln ~k¡gfgnlhmf gfemlrlhlo~ gon fmrmf ylvqkovmimjm~}/ êmv ~}ql kb vlyrmfl* fgjjln vlyrmfl¨jlgyomod* mhqykrlv fkhh|om~mlv temjl nlrljkqmod ~el jmbljkod egim~ kb vlyrmfl mo }k|od qlkqjl/ Jlgyo gon Vlyrl Ghlymfg gjvk¡qykrmnlv byll ylvk|yflv ko vlyrmfl¨jlgyomod ~k¡~el q|ijmf* ~lgfelyv* bgf|j~} hlhilyv* vfekkjv* }k|~e* gon }k|~e vlyrmfl dyk|qv ~eyk|de ~el Og~mkogj Vlyrmfl¨Jlgyomod Fjlgymodek|vl/

@¨79+Fkhh|om~}Ïgvln Kydgomsg~mko Qykdygh v|qqky~v vfekkj¨ gon fkhh|om~}ïgvln kydgomsg~mkov ~eg~ lodgdl vfekkj¨gdln }k|~e mo vlyrmfl/ Hkyl ~ego 4<1*111 v~|nlo~v mo gjj <1 v~g~lv qgy~mfmqg~l mo vlyrmfl gf~mrm~mlv ~eg~ gyl mo~ldyg~ln mo~k¡~elmy f|yymf|j|h* qykrmnmod v~y|f~|yln ~mhl bky vlyrmfl gon ~mhl bky v~|nlo~v ~k ~emo`* ~gj`* ky tym~l gik|~ ~elmy vlyrmfl luqlymloflv/ Emdely Ln|fg~mko Qykdygh lodgdlv fkjjldl v~|nlo~v mo hll~mod qylvvmod fkhh|om~} ollnv/ Emdely ln|fg~mko qykclf~v v|qqky~ fkhh|om~} vlyrmfl gon vlyrmfl¨jlgyomod mom~mg~mrlv g~ fkjjldlv gon |omrlyvm~mlv gfykvv ~el og~mko/

<2



Vlomky Fkyqv Vlomky Fkyqv ~gqv ~el v`mjjv* ~gjlo~v* gon luqlymlofl kb olgyj} <11*111 Ghlymfgov gdl << gon krly ~k¡hll~ g tmnl ygodl kb fkhh|om~} fegjjlodlv ~eyk|de ~eyll qykdyghv „ ~el Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~ Qykdygh* YVRQ* gon Vlomky Fkhqgomko Qykdygh/ Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~v vlyrl kol¨ko¨kol gv ~|~kyv gon hlo~kyv ~k¡}k|od qlkqjl tm~e vqlfmgj ollnv/ YVRQ rkj|o~llyv ylfy|m~ gon hgogdl k~ely rkj|o~llyv* qgy~mfmqg~l mo lormykohlo~gj qykclf~v* hlo~ky gon ~|~ky femjnylo* gon ylvqkon ~k¡og~|ygj nmvgv~lyv* ghkod hgo} k~ely gf~mrm~mlv/ Vlomky Fkhqgomkov eljq bygmj vlomkyv gon k~ely gn|j~v hgmo~gmo monlqlonlofl qymhgymj} mo ~el fjmlo~v” kto ekhlv/

Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~ Qykdygh qjgflv olgyj} 61*111 rkj|o~llyv* gdl 21 ky kjnly* tm~e femjnylo gon }k|~e tm~e vqlfmgj ollnv/ Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~v qykrmnl v|qqky~ mo vfekkjv* ekvqm~gjv* ny|d ~ylg~hlo~ flo~lyv* fkyylf~mkogj mov~m~|~mkov* gon femjn fgyl flo~lyv/ Ghkod k~ely gf~mrm~mlv* ~el} ylrmlt vfekkjtky`* ylmobkyfl rgj|lv* ~lgfe qgylo~mod v`mjjv ~k¡}k|od qgylo~v* gon fgyl bky qylhg~|yl mobgo~v gon femjnylo tm~e nmvgimjm~mlv/ Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~v kb~lo hgmo~gmo go kodkmod* mo~lovmrl yljg~mkovemq tm~e ~el femjnylo gon }k|~e vlyrln bky g }lgy ky jkodly/ YVRQ lodgdlv hkyl ~ego >95*111 qlkqjl* gdl << gon kjnly* mo g nmrlyvl ygodl kb rkj|o~lly gf~mrm~mlv/ YVRQ rkj|o~llyv ylfy|m~ gon fkkynmog~l k~ely rkj|o~llyv* ~|~ky femjnylo* ylokrg~l ekhlv* ~lgfe Lodjmve ~k mhhmdygo~v* gvvmv~ rmf~mhv kb og~|ygj nmvgv~lyv* qykrmnl monlqlonlo~ jmrmod vlyrmflv* gon vlyrl ~elmy fkhh|om~mlv mo hgo} k~ely tg}v/ YVRQ rkj|o~llyv fekkvl ekt* telyl* gon ekt kb~lo ~el} tgo~ ~k¡vlyrl* tm~e fkhhm~hlo~v ygodmod bykh g blt ek|yv ~k >1 ek|yv qly tll`/ YVRQ mv okt kol kb ~el jgydlv~ vlomky rkj|o~lly kydgomsg~mkov M ~el og~mkov/ Vlomky Fkhqgomko Qykdygh qjgfl rkj|o~llyv ~k¡eljq bygmj vlomkyv qjgfln rkj|o~llyv ~k eljq bygmj vlomkyv gon k~ely gn|j~v hgmo~gmo monlqlonlofl qymhgymj} mo ~el fjmlo~v” kto ekhlv/ Vlomky Fkhqgomkov vlyrl il~tllo 7< gon >1 ek|yv g tll` gon ~}qmfgjj} vlyrl il~tllo ~tk¡gon bk|y fjmlo~v/ êl} gvvmv~ tm~e ngmj} jmrmod ~gv`v* v|fe gv dykfly} vekqqmod gon imjj qg}mod0 qykrmnl bymlonvemq gon fkhqgomkovemq0 gjly~ nkf~kyv gon bghmj} hlhilyv ~k¡qk~lo~mgj qykijlhv0 gon qykrmnl ylvqm~l ~k bghmj} fgyldmrlyv/ F|yylo~j}* hkyl ~ego 7<*111 Vlomky Fkhqgomkov vlyrl/

<4



V|hhgy} kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko”v Og~mkogj Vlyrmfl QykdyghvQykdygh Bkf|v Ljmdmimjm~}

V`mjj Ylw|mylhlo~ ^lyh kb Vlyrmfl

GhlymFkyqv OFFF %Og~mkogj Fmrmjmgo Fkhh|om~} Fkyqv-

OFFF Gvvmv~v fkhh|om~mlv tm~e vqlfmgj qykclf~v mo ln|fg~mko* q|ijmf vgbl~}* gon lormykohlo~gj

OFFF Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ il 75¨9> }lgyv kjn temjl ~el} vlyrl gon g \/V/ fm~mslo* \/V/ og~mkogj* ky jgtb|j qlyhgolo~

OFFF Gjj v`mjjv ollnln OFFF

B|jj ~mhl bky kol }lgy %Ok qgy~ ~mhl vlyrmfl kqqky~|om~mlv grgmjgijl-

fkovlyrg~mko* gon ylvmnlo~ gjmlo kb ~el hkimjmslv w|mf`j} ~k \/V/ qykrmnl nmvgv~ly yljmlb

V~g~l gon Og~mkogj V~g~l gon Og~mkogj Qykrmnlv g tmnl ygodl kb nmylf~ vlyrmflv ~k ~el og~mko”v ollnmlv~ fm~mslov gon

V~g~l gon Og~mkogj Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ il 74 }lgyv kjn gon g \/V/ fm~mslo* \/V/ og~mkogj* ky jgtb|j qlyhgolo~ ylvmnlo~

V~g~l gon Og~mkogj Gjj v`mjjv olln V~g~l gon Og~mkogj

B|jj ~mhl bky kol }lgy %Vkhl qgy~ ~mhl vlyrmfl kqqky~|om~mlv grgmjgijl-

fkhh|om~mlv gjmlo kb ~el \/V/ RMV^G %Rkj|o~llyv Mo Vlyrmfl ^k Ghlymfg-

RMV^G Qykrmnlv v|qqky~ ~k okoqykbm~ kydgomsg~mkov ~k eljq bmde~ qkrly~}„i} nlrljkqmod gon

RMV^G Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ il g~ jlgv~ 75 }lgyv kjn gon g \/V/ fm~mslo* \/V/ og~mkogj* ky jgtb|j qlyhgolo~

RMV^G G igfeljky”v nldyll ky ~eyll }lgyv kb yljg~ln rkj|o~lly ky cki luqlymlofl

RMV^G B|jj ~mhl bky kol }lgy %Ok qgy~ ~mhl vlyrmfl kqqky~|om~mlv grgmjgijl-

hkimjmsmod ylvk|yflv ylvmnlo~ ~eg~ fylg~l v|v~gmogijl ilolbm~v g~ g fkhh|om~} jlrlj

Jlgyo gon Vlyrl Lodgdlv }k|od G tmjjmodolvv ~k Ghlymfg qlkqjl mo rkj|o~lly gon

vlyrmfl qykclf~v ~k gvvmv~ }k|y eljq ~elmy vfekkjv gon fkhh|om~mlv fkhh|om~}

Vlomky Fkyqv YVRQ YVRQ

Qykrmnlv g tmnl ygodl kb nmylf~ vlyrmflv ~k ~el og~mko”v ollnmlv~ fm~mslov gon fkhh|om~mlv

YVRQ Kqlo ~k gjj qlkqjl gdl << gon krly/

YVRQ G tmjjmodolvv ~k rkj|o~lly gon gvvmv~ }k|y fkhh|om~}

Bkv~ly Dygonqgylo~ Qykdygh %BDQ-

BDQ Qykrmnlv hlo~kymod gon k~ely v|qqky~ ~k femjnylo tm~e luflq~mkogj ollnv

BDQ gon VFQ Rkj|o~llyv h|v~ il gdl 21 ky krly/ Rkj|o~llyv tek gyl mofkhl¨ljmdmijl ylflmrl g v~mqlon0 k~ely rkj|o~llyv hg} vlyrl i|~ nk ok~ ylflmrl g v~mqlon/

BDQ gon VFQ Gjj v`mjjv gon ~gjlo~v ollnln/

BDQ gon VFQ 7<¨>1 ek|yv qly tll`/ \q ~k g hgumh|h kb 9*1>> ek|y qly }lgy

<5



Qykdygh Bkf|v Ljmdmimjm~} V`mjj Ylw|mylhlo~ ^lyh kb Vlyrmfl

Vlomky Fkhqgomko Qykdygh %VFQ- VFQ

Qykrmnlv v|qqky~ vlyrmflv ~k bygmj gon ljnlyj} gn|j~v ~k logijl ~elh ~k fko~mo|l jmrmod monlqlonlo~j}

^k jlgyo hkyl gik|~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl gon m~v qykdyghv* rmvm~ ttt/Og~mkogjVlyrmfl/dkr/

<=



Gqqlonmu I

Gqqj}mod bky go GhlymFkyqv RMV^G Qykclf~ Ilbkyl g RMV^G mv gvvmdoln ~k¡g vqkovky* ~el kydgomsg~mko h|v~ egrl mo qjgfl g RMV^G qykclf~ ~eg~ gnnylvvlv ~el ollnv kb g jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~}/ êl fkhh|om~} gon vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko tky` fkjjgikyg~mrlj} ~k nlvmdo ~el qykclf~/ êl vqkovky h|v~ nlvmdo g RMV^G”v gvvmdohlo~ vk¡~eg~ telo ~el qykclf~ mv fkhqjl~ln* ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} mv il~~ly lw|mqqln ~k¡vkjrl m~v kto qykijlhv* gon ~el v}v~lhv* vlyrmflv* b|onmod* gon qlyvkoolj ylhgmo mo ~el fkhh|om~} ~k¡fko~mo|l ~el lbbky~v mom~mg~ln i} ~el qykclf~/ êl jkt¨mofkhl ilolbmfmgy} fkhh|om~} h|v~ il morkjrln mo ~el qjgoomod gon nlrljkqhlo~ kb ~el RMV^G qykclf~/ êl RMV^G qykclf~ vqkovkyln i} }k|y kydgomsg~mko qgygjjljv g fkoflq~ qgqly gon gqqjmfg~mko nlrljkqln gon v|ihm~~ln ~k¡~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mo }k|y v~g~l/ êl gqqjmfg~mko nl~gmjv ~el vqlfmbmf qykijlh ~el qykclf~ gnnylvvlv mo ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~}/ M~ mofj|nlv g qykclf~ qjgo ~eg~ nlvfymilv ~el gf~mrm~mlv ~el RMV^Gv gyl |only~g`mod gon g vl~ kb dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv bky ~el krlygjj qykclf~/ Qykclf~ Gqqjmfg~mko êl qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko nl~gmjv ~el vqlfmbmf qykijlh ~el qykclf~ tmjj gnnylvv mo ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~}* qykrmnlv g vl~ kb dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv bky ~el krlygjj qykclf~* gon mofj|nlv g qykclf~ qjgo ~eg~ nlvfymilv ~el gf~mrm~mlv ~el RMV^G tmjj |only~g`l/ êl qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko gjvk vlyrlv mhqky~go~ gvvlvvhlo~ gon ylfy|m~hlo~ q|yqkvlv/ êl qykclf~ qjgo qky~mko kb ~el gqqjmfg~mko mv ~el igvmv kb v|ivlw|lo~ Qykclf~ Qykdylvv Ylqky~v* temfe Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb |vlv ~k¡hkom~ky ~el gfemlrlhlo~ kb qykclf~ dkgjv/ Qymhgy} Lhqegvmv Gylgv êl RMV^G qykdygh”v krlygjj hmvvmko mv ~k gvvmv~ jkfgj fkhh|om~mlv mo ~el bmde~ gdgmov~ qkrly~}0 ektlrly* lgfe }lgy vqlfmbmf qykdygh mom~mg~mrlv gyl emdejmde~ln bky olt qykclf~ nlrljkqhlo~/ êlvl mom~mg~mrlv hg} il vl~ i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* ~el \/V/ Qylvmnlo~* ky Fkodylvv/ ]k|y Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl tmjj qykrmnl mobkyhg~mko gik|~ ~el `l} qykdygh ljlhlo~v emdejmde~ln lgfe }lgy/ Gj~ek|de vqlfmbmf mom~mg~mrlv gyl lhqegvmsln goo|gjj}* RMV^G qykclf~v olln ~k fko~gmo ~el bkjjktmod ljlhlo~v3

Go~m¨Qkrly~} Bkf|v „ êl q|yqkvl kb RMV^G mv ~k¡v|qqky~ lbbky~v ~k bmde~ qkrly~}/ Go} okoqykbm~ kydgomsg~mko* ln|fg~mkogj mov~m~|~mko* ~ymigj ky q|ijmf gdlof} tm~e g qykdygh ~eg~ mv qkrly~}ÿljg~ln mo vfkql fgo gqqj} ~k¡vqkovky g RMV^G qykclf~/ êl qykclf~”v dkgj vek|jn gnnylvv eljqmod monmrmn|gjv gon fkhh|om~mlv krlyfkhl qkrly~} ~eyk|de jkod¨~lyh vkj|~mkov yg~ely ~ego ~eyk|de veky~¨~lyh vlyrmflv/

21



Fkhh|om~} Lhqktlyhlo~ „ Kydgomsg~mkov tky`mod tm~e RMV^G h|v~ lov|yl ~elmy qykclf~ lodgdlv ylvmnlo~v kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} mo qjgoomod* nlrljkqmod* gon mhqjlhlo~mod ~el qykclf~/ êl qykclf~ h|v~ il ylvqkovmrl gon yljlrgo~ ~k ~el jmrlv kb ~el fkhh|om~} ylvmnlo~v* gon vek|jn ~gq mo~k moelylo~ fkhh|om~} v~ylod~ev gon ylvk|yflv/ ]k| gyl ylw|myln* i} jgt gon yld|jg~mko* ~k lov|yl ~el RMV^G qykclf~ lodgdlv ylvmnlo~v kb ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} mo qjgoomod* nlrljkqmod* gon mhqjlhlo~mod ~el qykclf~/ êmv gqqykgfe gjjktv jkt¨mofkhl monmrmn|gjv ~el byllnkh ~k vqlg` bky ~elhvljrlv mo nl~lyhmomod ~el qykclf~v ~eg~ v|m~ ~elmy vqlfmbmf ollnv/ êmv gqqykgfe kb~lo ylv|j~v mo mookrg~mrl* lbblf~mrl qykdyghhmod ~eg~ v|qqky~v jgv~mod fegodl mo ~el fkhh|om~}* gv tljj gv hlgomodb|j luqlymloflv bky ~el RMV^Gv/ êmv ylw|mylhlo~ mv mo qjgfl ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ g vqkovky* lgdly ~k ylflmrl RMV^G ylvk|yflv i} qykrmnmod g tljj¨nlrljkqln RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo* gjvk¡v|bbmfmlo~j} morkjrlv qykclf~ ilolbmfmgymlv/ V|v~gmogijl Vkj|~mkov „ RMV^Gv gyl g veky~¨~lyh ylvk|yfl/ êl} tky` ~k lov|yl ~el jkod¨~lyh v|v~gmogimjm~} kb go~m¨qkrly~} qykdyghv/ Gjj vqkovkyv vek|jn nlrljkq RMV^G qykclf~v tm~e g dkgj kb go lrlo~|gj qegvl¨k|~ kb ~el olln bky RMV^Gv/ Fgqgfm~} I|mjnmod „ êl RMV^G qykdygh gvvmdov hlhilyv ~k kydgomsg~mkov ~k¡luqgon ~el gimjm~} kb ~ekvl kydgomsg~mkov ~k¡bmde~ qkrly~}/ êyk|de gf~mrm~mlv v|fe gv b|onygmvmod* rkj|o~lly ylfy|m~hlo~ gon hgogdlhlo~* fkhh|om~} k|~ylgfe* gon qgy~olyvemq nlrljkqhlo~* RMV^Gv eljq kydgomsg~mkov gfemlrl jgv~mod vkj|~mkov ~k¡qkrly~}/

Krlyrmlt kb Qykclf~ Gqqjmfg~mko Qykflvv êl Fkyqkyg~mko gfflq~v gon ylrmltv gqqjmfg~mkov ~eyk|dek|~ ~el }lgy/ ^k¡gqqj} bky RMV^Gv* g qk~lo~mgj vqkovky fko~gf~v ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl ~eg~ fkrlyv ~el gylg telyl ~el qykqkvln qykclf~ tk|jn il jkfg~ln ~k nmvf|vv gqqjmfg~mko ylw|mylhlo~v gon qykfln|ylv/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl nmylf~v ~el gqqjmfgo~ ~k lDygo~v* ~el Fkyqkyg~mkov kojmol dygo~ gon qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko v}v~lh* gon qykrmnlv ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl n|ymod ~el gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv/ %Bky g nmylf~ky} kb Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmflv* rmvm~3 ttt/og~mkogjvlyrmfl/dkr+gik|~+fko~gf~+v~g~lkbbmflv/gvq-/ êl jlod~e kb ~el gqqjmfg~mko qykflvv rgymlv* i|~ kb~lo ~el ~mhl bykh ~el mom~mgj fko~gf~ ~k¡g bmogj nlfmvmko mv ~eyll ~k bmrl hko~ev/ Fkoflq~ Qgqly gon Fym~lymg bky Gqqykrgj êl gqqjmfg~mko ylrmlt qykflvv ildmov tm~e ~el gqqjmfgo~”v v|ihmvvmko kb g qykclf~ fkoflq~ qgqly mo lDygo~v* g tliïgvln v}v~lh mo temfe qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mkov gyl v|ihm~~ln* gvvlvvln* gqqykrln ky nmvgqqykrln/ Mo ~el fkoflq~ qgqly* ~el gqqjmfgo~ nlvfymilv ~el fkhh|om~} ollnv gv ~el} yljg~l ~k ~el yln|f~mko kb qkrly~} gon ekt ~el RMV^G ylvk|yfl tmjj il |vln/ G Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl v~gbb qlyvko ylrmltv ~el fkoflq~ qgqly tm~emo ~lo tky`ng}v kb ylflmq~ kb go lDygo~v ok~mbmfg~mko ~eg~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ egv v|ihm~~ln m~v fkoflq~ qgqly/ êl V~g~l Nmylf~ky egv ~el g|~ekym~} ~k¡gqqykrl+nmvgqqykrl ~el fkoflq~ qgqly/ êl v~gbb qlyvko lo~lyv ~el gqqykrgj+nmvgqqykrgj mo lDygo~v* gon ok~mbmlv ~el gqqjmfgo~ rmg lDygo~v tel~ely ~el gqqjmfg~mko ylflmrln gqqykrgj/

27



Fym~lymg bky nl~lyhmomod gqqykrgj+nmvgqqykrgj gyl igvln ko tel~ely ~el qykqkvln qykclf~3

Fkhqjmlv tm~e ~el qykrmvmkov kb ~el Nkhlv~mf Rkj|o~lly Vlyrmfl Gf~ kb 7=46* gv ghlonln0 RMV^G yld|jg~mkov0 gon RMV^G qkjmfmlv Gnnylvvlv ~el ollnv kb g jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} Jlgnv ~k¡i|mjnmod kydgomsg~mkogj fgqgfm~} vk¡~eg~ ~el qykclf~ fgo fko~mo|l kofl ~el RMV^G ylvk|yflv gyl tm~enygto Morkjrlv ilolbmfmgymlv kb ~el vlyrmfl gon ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} mo qykclf~ nlrljkqhlo~ gon mhqjlhlo~g~mko Mv nlvmdoln ~k dlolyg~l q|ijmf¨ ky qymrg~l¨vlf~ky ylvk|yflv Qykhk~lv jkfgj rkj|o~lly vlyrmfl

B|y~ely* fym~lymg bky nl~lyhmomod gqqykrgj+nmvgqqykrgj gyl igvln ko tel~ely ~el gqqjmfgo~3

Mv g q|ijmf¨vlf~ky kydgomsg~mko ky g qymrg~l kydgomsg~mko nlvmdog~ln gv okoqykbm~ i} ~el Mo~lyogj Ylrlo|l Vlyrmfl %Go kydgomsg~mko ~eg~ egv v|ihm~~ln ~k¡~el MYV go gqqjmfg~mko bky okoqykbm~ v~g~|v hg} il fkovmnlyln* i|~ m~v b|jj RMV^G gqqjmfg~mko fgook~ il gqqykrln |o~mj m~ mv nlvmdog~ln- Egv ylvk|yflv grgmjgijl bky RMV^Gv ~k qlybkyh ~elmy gf~mrm~mlv* v|fe gv vqgfl* v|qqjmlv* gon ko¨~el¨cki ~ygovqky~g~mko* gon mv gijl ~k¡qykrmnl lhlydlof} fgve gnrgoflv telo ollnln Egv ~el fgqgfm~} gon fkhhm~hlo~ ~k¡ylfy|m~* ~ygmo* v|qlyrmvl* gon k~elytmvl v|qqky~ RMV^Gv ylfy|m~ln jkfgjj} gon og~mkogjj} \onlyv~gonv gon mv fkhhm~~ln ~k¡qykhk~mod og~mkogj vlyrmfl Mv luqlymlofln mo ~el mvv|lv yljg~mod ~k ~el ilolbmfmgymlv kb ~el vlyrmfl Egv ~el fgqgfm~} ~k¡i|mjn fkhh|om~} qgy~olyvemqv gon fkjjgikyg~mrl lbbky~v ~k gfemlrl qykclf~ vljb¨v|bbmfmlof}

Gqqjmfg~mko gon Fym~lymg bky Gqqykrgj Mb ~el fkoflq~ qgqly mv gqqykrln* ~el gqqjmfgo~ hg} v|ihm~ g b|jj gqqjmfg~mko mo lDygo~v/ Ng~g ~eg~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ gjylgn} lo~lyln mo~k¡~el fkoflq~ qgqly tmjj g|~khg~mfgjj} qkq|jg~l ko ~el gqqjmfg~mko vfyllo/ ^lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl mv grgmjgijl ~k ~el gqqjmfgo~ n|ymod ~el gqqjmfg~mko qylqgyg~mko/ ^ygrlj b|onv qlyhm~~mod* g Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb qlyvko rmvm~v ~el gqqjmfgo~ ~k dmrl ~lfeomfgj gvvmv~gofl gon jlgyo gik|~ ~el gqqjmfgo~ kydgomsg~mko gon ~el fkhh|om~} ~k¡il vlyrln i} ~el qykqkvln qykclf~/ Fkyqkyg~mko v~gbb ylrmltv ~el gqqjmfg~mko tm~emo 7< tky`ng}v kb ylflmq~ kb ~el lDygo~v ok~mbmfg~mko kb v|ihm~~gj/ êl gqqykrgj g|~ekym~} ylv~v tm~e ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl mb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko egv ylflmrln RMV^G ylvk|yflv bky jlvv ~ego 6 }lgyv/ Mb ~el vqkovky egv ylflmrln RMV^G ylvk|yflv bky hkyl ~ego 6 }lgyv* ~el gqqjmfg~mko h|v~ il gqqykrln g~ g emdely jlrlj/ êl gqqykrgj+nmvgqqykrgj mv lo~lyln mo~k¡~el lDygo~v v}v~lh* gon ~el gqqjmfgo~ mv ok~mbmln mo lDygo~v tel~ely ~el gqqjmfg~mko mv gqqykrln/ Fym~lymg bky nl~lyhmomod gqqykrgj+nmvgqqykrgj gyl igvln ko tel~ely ~el gqqjmfg~mko3

Fko~mo|lv ~k hll~ ~el gqqykrgj fym~lymg jmv~ln bky ~el fkoflq~ qgqly 29



Mv qlyv|gvmrl mo yljg~mod ~el v~g~lhlo~ kb olln bky ~el qykclf~ tm~e ~el qykclf~ qjgo* ~el gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko* gon ~el qkvm~mrl k|~fkhlv kb ~el qykclf~ Nlvfymilv mo hlgv|ygijl ~lyhv ~el go~mfmqg~ln vljb¨v|bbmfmlof} k|~fkhlv Nlhkov~yg~lv ~eg~ ~el o|hily kb RMV^Gv ylw|lv~ln mv gqqykqymg~l bky ~el qykclf~ dkgjv Jmo`v ~el v`mjjv w|gjmbmfg~mkov bky RMV^Gv tm~e ~el qykclf~ gf~mrm~mlv \~mjmslv ~el RMV^G ~mhl ~k ~el hgumh|h lu~lo~ Nlhkov~yg~lv ~el RMV^Gv tmjj ylflmrl kymlo~g~mko* ko¨~el¨cki ~ygmomod* gon v|qlyrmvmko Vqkovky egv ok~ ylflmrln hkyl ~ego < }lgyv kb RMV^G ylvk|yflv* lm~ely gv g nmylf~ qykclf~ ky gv g vm~l kb g h|j~m¨vm~l* v~g~ltmnl* ky og~mkogj qykclf~

Mom~mgj Gqqykrgj gon Dkrlyoky”v+^ymigj Lulf|~mrl”v Jl~~ly Telo ~el gqqjmfg~mko egv illo gqqykrln* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl v~gbb v|ihm~v g v|hhgy} kb ~el qykclf~ ~k¡~el v~g~l dkrlyoky ky lulf|~mrl kb ~el ~ymigj ~lyym~ky}/ êg~ qlyvko egv >< ng}v ~k ok~mb} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* mo tym~mod* kb go} ylgvkov bky nmvgqqykrmod ~el qykclf~/ Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~ G Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~* vmdoln i} ~el V~g~l Nmylf~ky gon ~el g|~ekymsln kbbmfmgj kb ~el vqkovky* mv g jldgjj} imonmod nkf|hlo~ ~eg~ v~g~lv ~el vqlfmbmf kijmdg~mkov kb lgfe qgy~}* gv tljj gv ckmo~ ylvqkovmimjm~mlv/ Qykclf~ Fko~mo|g~mko gon Fym~lymg bky Gqqykrgj RMV^G qykclf~v gyl dlolygjj} ljmdmijl ~k¡gqqj} bky |q ~k ~tk fko~mo|g~mko qlymknv/ Lgfe fko~mo|g~mko qlymkn mv bky kol }lgy/ êl qykflvv bky g RMV^G qykclf~ ~k g~~gmo fko~mo|g~mko ildmov bk|y hko~ev %791 ng}v- qymky ~k¡~el lon kb ~el f|yylo~ qykclf~ }lgy/ M~ mv g~ ~emv ~mhl ~el vqkovky fkhqjl~lv g fko~mo|g~mko gqqjmfg~mko mo lDygo~v/ êl vqkovky h|v~ v|ihm~ ~el fko~mo|g~mko gqqjmfg~mko ok jg~ly ~ego =1 ng}v ilbkyl ~el f|yylo~ qykclf~ }lgy lonv/ êl fko~mo|g~mko qykflvv ildmov tm~e g ~ekyk|de ylrmlt kb ~el qykclf~”v gffkhqjmvehlo~v ~k¡ng~l* gon fkofj|nlv tm~e g nlfmvmko i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko ~k fko~mo|l ky fjkvl ~el qykclf~ g~ ~el lon kb ~el f|yylo~ qykclf~ }lgy/ Mb ~el qykclf~ egv illo v|fflvvb|j mo hll~mod m~v dkgjv gon i|mjnmod v|v~gmogimjm~}* fko~mo|g~mko mv emdej} qykigijl0 ektlrly* g fko~mo|g~mko mv ok~ d|gygo~lln/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko ylrmltv ~el gqqjmfg~mko

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Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~/ êl qykflvv bky ylrmltmod g fko~mo|g~mko qykqkvgj mv dlolygjj} vmhmjgy ~k¡~el ylrmlt qykflvv bky go mom~mgj qykclf~ gqqjmfg~mko* i|~ tm~e vlrlygj mhqky~go~ nmbblyloflv/ êl Fkyqkyg~mko ylrmltv ~el gqqjmfg~mko bky gnelylofl ~k RMV^G qykclf~ d|mnljmolv gon ~el V~g~l”v goo|gj qjgo bky qykclf~ nlrljkqhlo~/ Mo gnnm~mko* ~el Fkyqkyg~mko ylrmltv ~el bkjjktmod gvqlf~v kb ~el qykclf~3

Qylrmk|v }lgy”v gffkhqjmvehlo~v* temfe h|v~ il mofj|nln mo ~el fko~mo|g~mko qykqkvgj

26



Jkodÿgodl qjgov* lvqlfmgjj} yldgynmod qykclf~ v|v~gmogimjm~}* temfe h|v~ il nmvf|vvln mo ~el fko~mo|g~mko qykqkvgj Qykclf~ qykdylvv ylqky~v* hkom~kymod ylqky~v* imtll`j} hlhily rlymbmfg~mko bkyhv* gon bllnigf` bykh RMV^Gv ~k lov|yl ~el qykclf~ mv hg`mod v|iv~go~mgj qykdylvv mo hll~mod dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv Jlrlj kb ylvk|yfl hkimjmsg~mko* mofj|nmod rkj|o~llyv ylfy|m~ln* bykh ~el qylrmk|v }lgy* gv tljj gv qjgov bky ~el fkhmod }lgy Jlrlj kb ylfy|m~hlo~ gon yl~lo~mko kb RMV^Gv

êl Fkyqkyg~mko igvlv ~el nlfmvmko ~k¡fko~mo|l g qykclf~ ko ~el bkjjktmod fkonm~mkov3 RMV^G ylvk|yflv gyl grgmjgijl/ êl qykclf~ egv hgnl qykdylvv ~ktgyn gfemlrmod fgqgfm~}ï|mjnmod gon vljb¨v|bbmfmlof} dkgjv/ êl qykclf~ egv qlybkyhln tljj mo hll~mod m~v dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv/ êl qykclf~ egv fkhqjmln tm~e qykrmvmkov fko~gmoln mo ~el Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~ gon k~ely gqqjmfgijl d|mnljmolv gon yld|jg~mkov/

Kofl ~el fko~mo|g~mko gqqjmfg~mko mv gqqykrln* ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko vmdo g olt Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~ bky ~el olt qykclf~ qlymkn/ êl bkjjktmod fym~lymg* gv gqqjmfgijl* gyl fkovmnlyln mo nl~lyhmomod tel~ely ~k¡fko~mo|l RMV^G qykclf~v gb~ly ~el ~emyn }lgy* v|iclf~ ~k¡~el grgmjgimjm~} kb b|onv3

êl vqkovky gdyllv ~k¡fkv~¨vegyl g vmdombmfgo~ qky~mko kb ~el RMV^Gv/ êl vqkovky gf~v gv go mo~lyhlnmgy} kydgomsg~mko gon fegodlv ~el v|i¨gqqjmfgo~ kydgomsg~mkov gffkynmod ~k ~el ~eyll¨}lgy qlymkn/ êl vqkovky egv nlhkov~yg~ln go lu~lo|g~mod fkhh|om~} olln* v|fe gv ilmod ~el koj} vqkovky grgmjgijl mo g emde¨qkrly~} gylg bky ~el RMV^G qykclf~/

Ghlonhlo~v gon Fym~lymg bky Gqqykrgj N|ymod ~el qykclf~ ~lyh* ~el vqkovky hg} ylw|lv~ go ghlonhlo~ ~k ~el Hlhkygon|h kb Gdyllhlo~/ ^}qmfgj ghlonhlo~ ylw|lv~v fkoflyo ~el bkjjktmod3

Fegodlv mo ~el fmyf|hv~goflv kb ~el vqkovky* v|fe gv g oghl fegodl ky g fegodl mo ~el kydgomsg~mko”v gy~mfjlv kb mofkyqkyg~mko Fegodlv mo ~el vfkql ky vmdombmfgo~ nl~gmj kb ~el qykclf~

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qykclf~ luqlf~v ~k¡gffkhqjmve/ êlvl v~g~lhlo~v ky dkgjv gyl fgjjln ~el qykclf~ qjgo/ êmv qjgo mv ~el ij|lqymo~ bky ~el RMV^G qykclf~/ M~ mv nlvmdoln ~k¡gnnylvv ~el olln%v- mnlo~mbmln i} ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~}/ êmv qegvl mv ~el elgy~ kb ~el qykclf~ nlrljkqhlo~ qykflvv ilfg|vl m~ ~ygovbkyhv dkkn mo~lo~mkov mo~k gfemlrgijl gf~mkov/ êl qykclf~ qjgo vek|jn fko~mo|l ~k¡il ~el ij|lqymo~ bky ~el qykqkvln RMV^G qykclf~/ G RMV^G qykclf~ vek|jn il nlvmdoln ~k¡nlrljkq ky luqgon qykdyghv gon gf~mrm~mlv ~eg~ tmjj ylhgmo mo qjgfl g~ ~el lon kb ~el RMV^G qykclf~ jmbl f}fjl/ Elofl* ~el qykclf~ nlrljkqhlo~ qykflvv vek|jn il g qgy~mfmqg~ky} lulyfmvl ~eg~ morkjrlv ~el fkhh|om~} bykh ~el ildmoomod/ Go}kol gv`ln ~k¡eljq mhqjlhlo~ ~el qykclf~ qjgo ky tekvl v|qqky~ mv fym~mfgj ~k¡~el v|fflvv kb ~el qjgo vek|jn il morkjrln mo m~v nlvmdo/ Fkhh|om~} hlhilyv ~eg~ gyl morkjrln ~g`l ylvqkovmimjm~} bky teg~ ~el} eljq fylg~l/ êmv qgy~mfmqg~mko fgo eljq nlrljkq jkfgj qgy~olyvemqv gon ktolyvemq ~k¡v|qqky~ ~el v|v~gmogimjm~} kb ~el qykclf~ gb~ly ~el RMV^G qykdygh mv ok¡jkodly morkjrln/ Qegvl MM „ Mhqjlhlo~g~mko gon Fgqgfm~} I|mjnmod êmv qegvl morkjrlv nlrljkqmod g v~yg~ld} ~k mhqjlhlo~ ~el qykclf~/ Gb~ly ~el qykclf~ dkgjv gyl nljmolg~ln mo~k w|go~mbmgijl gon ~mhl¨qegvln kiclf~mrlv* go gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko mv nlrljkqln ~k¡d|mnl ~el gf~mrm~mlv kb lgfe RMV^G mo gfemlrmod ~elvl kiclf~mrlv/ Hkyl qylfmvlj}* ~el gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko nlbmolv ~el RMV^G”v ykjl gon ~el v|qlyrmvky”v ylvqkovmimjm~mlv gv ~el} yljg~l ~k ~el dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv ~k¡il gffkhqjmveln n|ymod kol }lgy kb vlyrmfl/ RMV^Gv bkjjkt ~el dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv vl~ bky~e mo ~el qykclf~ qjgo gon lodgdl mo gf~mrm~mlv vqljjln k|~ mo ~el gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko/ Gv ~el qykclf~ qjgo mv mhqjlhlo~ln* olflvvgy} gnc|v~hlo~v hg} il hgnl ~k gffkhqjmve ~el qjgooln kiclf~mrlv ~eyk|de qlymknmf ylrmltv i} ~el vqkovky gon i} ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ N|ymod ik~e ~el qjgoomod gon mhqjlhlo~g~mko qegvlv* m~ tmjj il lrmnlo~ ~eg~ RMV^Gv nk¡ok~ tky` mo g rgf||h„~eg~ ~el} gyl ~el fg~gj}v~v bky fegodl/ M~ mv ~elmy ylvqkovmimjm~} ~k lov|yl ~eg~ ~el ylvk|yflv kb ~el qykclf~ gyl bkf|vln ko gffkhqjmvemod qykclf~ dkgjv gon ~eg~ ~el} tky` tm~e ~el jkt¨mofkhl fkhh|om~} ~k¡gfemlrl vqlfmbmf kiclf~mrlv„gon ~eg~ ~el dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv mofylgvl vljb¨v|bbmfmlof} tm~emo ~el fkhh|om~}/ Qykdylvv ~ktgyn vljb¨v|bbmfmlof} ilfkhlv mofylgvmodj} vqlfmbmf gv ~el qykclf~ mhqjlhlo~v m~v qykclf~ qjgo gon ~elo fko~mo|lv ~k¡ylbmol m~v gqqykgfe n|ymod v|ivlw|lo~ qykclf~ qlymknv/

2<



Mhqjlhlo~mod g RMV^G qykclf~ morkjrlv ~ygmomod gon v|qqky~mod ~el hlhilyv* gon ylqky~mod gf~mrm~mlv gon gffkhqjmvehlo~v/ M~ gjvk¡morkjrlv jlgnmod qlkqjl„vegymod g rmvmko* movqmymod qgy~olyv* i|mjnmod ~lghv* v|qqky~mod ~elh ~k ylgfe emde jlrljv kb qlybkyhgofl* dmrmod bllnigf`* gon vkjrmod qykijlhv/ Qegvl MMM „ V|v~gmogimjm~} V|v~gmogimjm~} mv ~el qykflvv kb hkimjmsmod fkhh|om~} ylvk|yflv ~k¡gnnylvv qkrly~} vk¡~eg~ ~ekvl ylvk|yflv tmjj fko~mo|l go~m¨qkrly~} vkj|~mkov jkod gb~ly ~el RMV^G ylvk|yfl mv tm~enygto/ G jldmvjg~ln ylw|mylhlo~ bky vlyrmfl i} RMV^Gv* v|v~gmogimjm~} kb qykclf~ gf~mrm~mlv h|v~ il ~g`lo mo~k¡gffk|o~ telo ~el vqkovky mom~mgjj} nlrljkqv ~el qykclf~ gon nlvmdov ~el qykclf~ qjgo/ êmv qykflvv ollnv ~k il hkom~kyln ko g yld|jgy igvmv ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ qykdylvvmrl v~lqv gyl ~g`lo ~ktgyn ~el lrlo~|gj givkyq~mko kb qykclf~ mom~mg~mrlv i} ~el vqkovky gon ~el fkhh|om~}/ RMV^G gffkhqjmvehlo~ v|yrl}v egrl vekto ~eg~ ~eyll }lgyv gb~ly qykclf~v egrl lonln* 41 qlyflo~ kb ~el qykdyghv egrl fko~mo|ln/ G~ ~el vghl ~mhl* v|v~gmogimjm~} ylv|j~v bykh lhqktlymod ~el fkhh|om~} ~k vll` vkj|~mkov ~k vqlfmbmf fkonm~mkov kb qkrly~}/ Lhqktlyhlo~ fkorl}v ~el fkhh|om~} nlrljkqv m~ kto v~yg~ld} ~k mhqjlhlo~ vkj|~mkov ~k¡g qkrly~} fkonm~mkov ~el} egrl mnlo~mbmln/ RMV^Gv vlyrl gv g fg~gj}v~ mo nlvmdomod gon gffkhqjmvemod ~ekvl v~yg~ldmlv ~eg~ gfemlrl v|v~gmogimjm~}/ Mo gjj mov~goflv* ~el fkhh|om~} h|v~ il mo ~el bkylbyko~ kb qjgoomod v~yg~ldmlv gon ~el RMV^Gv h|v~ ~g`l ~elmy d|mngofl bykh qykclf~ v~gbb gon fkhh|om~}/ êmv gqqykgfe ylw|mylv RMV^Gv ~k¡bghmjmgymsl ~elhvljrlv tm~e ~elmy gvvmdoln qykclf~”v qjgo/ RMV^Gv gjvk¡hll~ tm~e vqkovky v~gbb* ikgyn gon gnrmvky} dyk|q hlhilyv* k~elyv ~el vqkovky mnlo~mbmlv gv egrmod g tky`mod òktjlndl kb ~el mvv|l ~k il gnnylvvln* gv tljj gv ~el fkhh|om~} g~ jgydl/ êmv qygf~mfl hg} morkjrl nmylf~ fko~gf~ tm~e monmrmn|gj fkhh|om~} hlhilyv tek vll` gvvmv~gofl0 ektlrly* ~el q|yqkvl kb ~el RMV^G”v morkjrlhlo~ tm~e monmrmn|gj fkhh|om~} hlhilyv mv ~k nlrljkq g v|v~gmogijl vkj|~mko ~k¡fkonm~mkov kb qkrly~} bgfln i} gjj fkhh|om~} ylvmnlo~v/ êmv qykflvv nklv ok~ hlgo ~eg~ qykclf~ qjgov gyl qylvfymq~mrl* i|~ gyl v|iclf~ ~k fegodl/ êl RMV^G”v gf~mrm~mlv hg} mnlo~mb} olt mvv|lv gon k~ely v~yg~ldmlv bky gnnylvvmod qkrly~} mvv|lv/ Vmdombmfgo~ fegodlv mo qykclf~ qjgo gf~mrm~mlv tmjj ylw|myl gqqykrgj i} ~el qykclf~ gon ~el Fkyqkyg~mko V~g~l Kbbmfl/ Mo lvvlofl* ~elyl gyl bk|y olflvvgy} fkonm~mkov bky v|v~gmogimjm~} ~eyk|de lhqktlyhlo~3

êl fkhhm~hlo~* lolyd}* gon mom~mg~mrl ~eg~ RMV^Gv iymod ~k¡~el fkhh|om~} êl morkjrlhlo~ kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko mo qykclf~ v|qlyrmvmko*v|qqky~* vljb¨gvvlvvhlo~* gon qjgoomodêl qgy~mfmqg~mko kb ~el ilolbmfmgymlv kb vlyrmfl mo gjj qegvlv kb qykclf~nlrljkqhlo~ gon mhqjlhlo~g~mkoêl fko~mo|ln qgy~mfmqg~mko kb ~el fkhh|om~} ~eyk|de ~el qykrmvmko kb rkj|o~llyv* hg~lymgj gon bmogofmgj ylvk|yflv* gon luqly~mvl

22



Qegvl MR „ Qlybkyhgofl Hlgv|ylhlo~vHkom~kymod* lrgj|g~mko* gon bkjjkt¨|q gyl gjvk¡mhqky~go~ ljlhlo~v kb dkkn qykclf~ qjgoomod/ G~ ~el Fkyqkyg~mko* ~elvl ljlhlo~v gyl fgjjln Qlybkyhgofl Hlgv|ylhlo~v/ Qlybkyhgofl Hlgv|ylhlo~v mofj|nl gvvlvvmod ekt tljj ~el qykclf~ mv ilmod mhqjlhlo~ln gon tel~ely ky ok~ ~el qykclf~ mv gfemlrmod m~v kiclf~mrlv/ G fkhqjl~l nlvfymq~mko kb ~el qlybkyhgofl hlgv|ylhlo~ qykflvv mv grgmjgijl mo Fegq~ly 4/

24





Gqqlonmu L

RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko êl RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko %RGN- mv mhqky~go~ ~k¡~el v|fflvv kb ~el RMV^G qykclf~/ Mnlgjj}* m~ nlvfymilv ~el ~gv`v bky temfe ~el RMV^G tmjj il ylvqkovmijl* tm~e yk|de ~mhljmolv bky ~el RMV^G”v }lgy kb vlyrmfl* gon go monmfg~mko kb ~el vqkovky”v qymkym~} kb ~ekvl ~gv`v/ êl tljj¨tym~~lo RGN mobkyhv ~el gqqjmfgo~v vk ~el} fgo gvvlvv ~elmy mo~lylv~ mo gon fgqgfm~} ~k¡fgyy} k|~ ~el tky`/ êl RGN gjvk¡monmfg~lv bky ~el fgonmng~lv ekt ~el} hmde~ bkf|v ~elmy v`mjjv* gon telyl ~el} hg} olln ~ygmomod ky b|y~ely mobkyhg~mko/ ^mqv bky Qylqgymod g RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko

7/ Qykrmnl lgfe RMV^G tm~e go monmrmn|gj gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko ~eg~ nlvfymilv ~el fgqgfm~}ï|mjnmod gf~mrm~mlv ~el RMV^G mv ylvqkovmijl bky fkhqjl~mod/

9/ Mofj|nl lok|de nl~gmj mo ~el RGN ~k¡d|mnl ~el RMV^G temjl v~mjj gjjktmod bky bjlumimjm~} mo fgyy}mod k|~ ng}¨~k¨ng} ~gv`v gon gf~mrm~mlv/

6/ êl RGN vek|jn mnlo~mb} `l} fgqgfm~}ï|mjnmod ~gv`v gon gf~mrm~mlv ~eg~ ~el RMV^G fgo ylgjmv~mfgjj} gffkhqjmve mo g }lgy/

>/ Ylrmlt ~el RGN gon ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo vmnl i} vmnl ~k¡lov|yl v~ykod jmo`v il~tllo ik~e nkf|hlo~v/ Qykrmnl ~el RMV^G tm~e g fkq} kb ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo ~k eljq ~el RMV^G q|~ emv+ely gf~mrm~mlv mo~k¡~el fko~lu~ kb ~el lo~myl qykclf~/

Gnnm~mkogj ^mqv bky Qylqgymod RMV^Gv ~k Fgyy} K|~ êlmy Monmrmn|gj Gvvmdohlo~v

7/ Mb ~el RMV^G tmjj qykrmnl ygt ng~g ~eg~ gnnylvv ylv|j~v mnlo~mbmln mo ~el qykclf~ qjgo* ~elo il v|yl ~k ~ygmo ~el RMV^G ko ~elvl ylvqkovmimjm~mlv/

9/ Mb ~el RMV^G tmjj fkhqjl~l hko~ej} ylqky~v* ~elo ylrmlt ~elvl ylqky~mod bkyhv ~k¡lov|yl ~eg~ ~el} gnnylvv ~el gf~mrm~mlv gon v~lqv nlvfymiln mo ~el gvvmdohlo~ nlvfymq~mko/

êl nkf|hlo~ ko ~el olu~ qgdl qykrmnlv g RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko bkyhg~ bky }k|y fkovmnlyg~mko/

2=



RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko ^lhqjg~l G RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko %RGN- fgo il nlvmdoln mo hgo} nmbblylo~ tg}v0 }k| fgo |vl go} hknlj ~eg~ tky`v tljj bky }k|y qykclf~/ êmv vghqjl RGN* nlrljkqln i} Qykclf~ V^GY* fgo il hknmbmln ~k hll~ }k|y ollnv/

RMV^G Qykclf~3 RMV^G Oghl3

Vm~l Oghl3 Gvvmdohlo~ Gylg3 Ng~l3

RMV^G Gf~mrm~mlv gon V~lqv Felf`jmv~ QjgoolnQlymkn kb

Tky`

Dkgj %bykh RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo-3

Gf~mrm~} 73V~lq 73V~lq 93V~lq 63

Gf~mrm~} 7 Fkhhlo~v+V|hhgy} kb Gffkhqjmvehlo~v3 Gf~mrm~} 7Fkhqjl~ln%ng~l-3

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[[[[[[[[[

Gf~mrm~} >3V~lq 73V~lq 93V~lq 63

Gf~mrm~} > Fkhhlo~v+V|hhgy} kb Gffkhqjmvehlo~v3 Gf~mrm~} >Fkhqjl~ln%ng~l-3

[[[[[[[[[

41



Gqqykqymg~l ^gv`v bky RMV^Gv êl dkgjv gon kiclf~mrlv mo ~el RMV^G Qykclf~ Qjgo gon gf~mrm~mlv mo ~el RMV^G Gvvmdohlo~ Nlvfymq~mko vek|jn jlgn ~k hlgv|ygijl k|~fkhlv gon ~el v|v~gmogimjm~} kb qykclf~ gf~mrm~mlv i} ~el fkhh|om~} ilmod vlyrln/ RMV^Gv vek|jn3

I|mjn qgy~olyvemqv tm~e jkfgj q|ijmf gon qymrg~l vlf~ky kydgomsg~mkov gon i|vmolvvlv Ylfy|m~* vfyllo* ~ygmo* gon fkkynmog~l qgy~¨~mhl rkj|o~llyv Tym~l dygo~ gqqjmfg~mkov bky b|onmod gon k~ely ylvk|yflv Vkjmfm~ nkog~mkov gon k~ely mo¨`mon v|qqky~ bky ~el qykclf~ Q|ijmfmsl ~el qykclf~ Fylg~l fkhh|om~} lrlo~v ~k v|qqky~ ~el qykclf~ Hkimjmsl ylvk|yflv mo gon k|~vmnl kb ~el fkhh|om~} ~k¡v|qqky~ ~el qykclf~ Qykhk~l qykclf~ v|v~gmogimjm~}

RMV^Gv h|v~ ok~3 Nmvqjgfl v~gbb kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko V|qlyrmvl lhqjk}llv ky rkj|o~llyv kb ~el vqkovkymod kydgomsg~mko Egrl qymhgy} ylvqkovmimjm~} bky fkhqjl~mod yloltgj gqqjmfg~mko ky qykdylvv ylqky~v Vqlon ~el hgckym~} kb ~elmy ~mhl qykrmnmod nmylf~ vlyrmflv ~k¡monmrmn|gj fjmlo~v ky fkhh|om~} hlhilyv Egrl go lDygo~v gffk|o~ Lodgdl mo gf~mrm~mlv nlvmdoln ~k¡mobj|lofl ~el qgvvgdl ky nlblg~ kb jldmvjg~mko ky qykqkvgjv i} mom~mg~mrl ql~m~mko ^g`l go} gf~mko tm~e ylvqlf~ ~k¡g qgy~mvgo ky okoqgy~mvgo qkjm~mfgj gf~mrm~} ~eg~ tk|jn ylv|j~ mo ~el mnlo~mbmfg~mko ky gqqgylo~ mnlo~mbmfg~mko kb ~el RMV^G qykdygh tm~e v|fe gf~mrm~}/ V|fe gf~mrm~mlv mofj|nl ~ekvl ~eg~ morkjrl ljlf~mkov* rk~ly yldmv~yg~mko* rk~ly ~ygovqky~g~mko ~k¡~el qkjjv* gon lbbky~v ~k mobj|lofl jldmvjg~mko/ Vll Fegq~ly 7> kb ~el RMV^G Egonikk` bky hkyl nl~gmjln mobkyhg~mko/ Dmrl yljmdmk|v mov~y|f~mko* fkon|f~ tkyvemq vlyrmflv* ky lodgdl mo go} k~ely yljmdmk|v gf~mrm~} gv qgy~ kb ~elmy n|~mlv* ky mo g tg} ~eg~ tk|jn il qlyflmrln gv qgy~ kb ~elmy n|~mlv i} hlhilyv kb ~el fkhh|om~} mo temfe ~el} vlyrl/ Vll Fegq~ly 7> kb ~el RMV^G Egonikk` bky hkyl nl~gmjln mobkyhg~mko/

47





GhlymFkyqv RMV^G mv go go~m¨qkrly~} qykdygh kb ~el Fkyqkyg~mko bky Og~mkogj gon Fkhh|om~} Vlyrmfl* g blnlygj gdlof} ~eg~ mhqykrlv jmrlv* v~ylod~elov fkhh|om~mlv* gon bkv~lyv fmrmf lodgdlhlo~ ~eyk|de vlyrmfl gon rkj|o~llymod/ RMV^G kbblyv vlyrmfl kqqky~|om~mlv ~k¡monmrmn|gjv 75 ky kjnly tm~ek|~ yldgyn ~k ygfl* fkjky* og~mkogj kymdmo* nmvgimjm~}* dlonly* vlu|gj kymlo~g~mko* yljmdmko* qkjm~mfgj gbbmjmg~mko ky k~ely okohlym~ bgf~kyv/ Gqqjmfgo~v h|v~ il \/V/ fm~mslov* \/V/ og~mkogjv* ky jgtb|j qlyhgolo~ ylvmnlo~v/

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