Date post: | 03-Jun-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | minh-phan-anh |
View: | 244 times |
Download: | 2 times |
of 83
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
1/83
8
PRODUCTION OF
POLY ETHYLENE
TEREPHTHALATE
(PET.:
P-
.~!.
February, 2010
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
2/83
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................iv
LIST OF T!LES ...............................................................................................................iv
C"NO#LEDGE$ENTS .................................................................................................. v
STTE$ENT OF T%E PRO&ECT......................................................................................vi
NO$ENCLTURE ............................................................................................................vii
!STRCT ...................................................................................................................... viii
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................
1
1.%ISTORICL !C"GROUND ....................................................................................... 2
1.1.Pr'(u)* Deve+'-e* ....................................................................................................2
1.2.Te)/'+'y Deve+'-e* ............................................................................................. 2
2.I$PORTNCE OF PET ND TP..................................................................................
2.1.Ue '3 TP ..................................................................................................................
2.2.Ue '3 PET................................................................................................................... 4
.PROPERTIES OF PET ND TP .................................................................................... 4
.1.Pr'er*ie '3 TP.......................................................................................................... 4
.2.Pr'er*ie '3 PET .......................................................................................................... 4
4.%ELT%, SFET5, ND EN6IRON$ENTL CONSIDERTIONS .........................7
4.1.%SE '3 TP ..................................................................................................................
4.2.%SE '3 PET...................................................................................................................
7.STORGE ND TRNSPORTTION ...........................................................................
7.1.S*'rae a( Tra'r*a*i' '3 TP ..............................................................................
7.2.S*'rae a( Tra'r*a*i' '3 PET ...............................................................................9
.$NUFCTURING TEC%NOLOGIES.......................................................................... 9
.1.TP $au3a)*uri Te)/'+'ie ................................................................................ 9
.1.1.Dire)* 'i(a*i' '3 ;y+ee .................................................................................... 9
.1.1.1.-')' r')e ................................................................................................. 8
.1.1.2.T'ray r')e ................................................................................................. 10
.1.1..$i*ubi/i "aei r')e ............................................................................... 12
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
3/83
i
.1.1.4.Ea*-a r')e ............................................................................................. 1
.1.2.%y(r'+yi '3 D$T................................................................................................ 14
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
4/83
ii
.1.2.1.Dya-i*e N'be+ r')e ................................................................................ 1
.1.2.2.#i**e r')e................................................................................................ 18
.1.2..Su+G %e-a r')e .................................................. 1?
.1..Oi(a*i' '3 *'+uee .............................................................................................. 22.1..1.%e@e+ II r')e ........................................................................................... 2
.1..2.P/i++i= R/'e AP'u+e) r')e BPRP r')e .......................................... 27
.1.4.O*/er *e)/'+'ie ................................................................................................. 2
.1.4.1.Ni*ri) 'i(a*i' '3 ;y+ee BDu P'* r')e ............................................. 2
.1.4.2.--'i(a*i' '3 ;y+ee BLu--u r')e ............................................. 29
.1.4..Pr'(u)*i' 3r'- ';y+ee 'r a/*/a+ee B%e@e+ I r')e ....................... 29
.1.4.4.$i*ubi/i r')e ......................................................................................... 2?
.1.7.Pr'(u)*i' 3r'- re)y)+i '3 PET......................................................................... 2?
.1.7.1.%y(r'+yi '3 re)y)+e( PET ........................................................................... 2?
.1.7.2.+)'/'+yi .................................................................................................... 0
.1..Pr'(u)*i' 3r'- )'a+ ............................................................................................. 0
.1.9.Oi(a*i' '3 ;)y-ee Bbi';bae( Sy*/ei....................................................... 0
.1.8.E+e)*r'+yi '3 *ere/*/a+a*e a+* .......................................................................... 1
.2.P'+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
5/83
ii
9.2.1.P;y+ee ................................................................................................................. 42
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
6/83
iii
9.2.2.)e*i) a)i( ............................................................................................................. 4
9.2..$EG. ................................................................................................................. 4
9..L')a+ $ar@e* '3 PET................................................................................................... 4
9..1.L')a+ r'(u)*i' .................................................................................................... 449..2.L')a+ )'u-*i'................................................................................................. 44
9...L')a+ -ar@e* 3're)a* ............................................................................................ 44
9.4.Ra $a*eria+ i Ey*............................................................................................... 47
9.4.1.P;y+ee ................................................................................................................. 47
9.4.2.$EG. ................................................................................................................. 47
9.4..)e*i) a)i( ............................................................................................................. 47
9.7.Caa)i*y Re)'--e(a*i' ......................................................................................... 4
8.E6LUTION OF $NUFCTURING TEC%NOLOGIES ...................................... 49
8.1.Eva+ua*i' '3 $''-er $au3a)*uri Te)/'+'ie ............................................... 49
8.2.Eva+ua*i' '3 P'+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
7/83
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
Fiure 1: Geera+ Ue '3 PET ..............................................................................................
Fiure 2: F+' S/ee* '3 -')' Pr')e .............................................................................11
Fiure : T'ray Pr')e 3'r Pr'(u)*i' '3 TP..................................................................12
Fiure 4: F+' S/ee* '3 Ea*-a Pr')e ...........................................................................17
Fiure 7: F+' S/ee* '3 Dya-i*e N'be+ Pr')e ..............................................................19
Fiure : %y(r'+yi Pr')e Deve+'e( by Deua G ..................................................18
Fiure 9: F+' S/ee* '3 #i**e Pr')e ..............................................................................20
Fiure 8: F+' S/ee* '3 %>G Pr')e ................................................................................21
Fiure ?: %>G %e-a=Su+
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
8/83
v
Tab+e 4: Ea-+e 3'r Ea)/ Tye '3 Te)/'+'ie ............................................................7
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
9/83
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
T/e PET r'e)* *ea- i/e *' ere i* (ee are)ia*i' *' a++ */'e /' /e+e( i
reari */e re'r* a( i ar*i)u+ar *':
;Dr. Tare@ $'u*a3a a( Dr. /-e( S'+i-a, 3'r */eir e)'urae-e* a( u'r*
;Dr. Ree- E**'uy a( Dr. Ta-er Sa-ir, 3'r */eir ai*a)e
;C/e-i*, $'/ab %aa $'/a-e( BGeera+ $aaer i*a* '3 )'--er)ia+ a33air,
Ey*ia Pe*r')/e-i)a+ %'+(i C'-ay, E)/e- 3'r /i e33'r* a( *i-e
;E. $'/a-e( Ga-a+, 3'r /i a(vi)e a( -'*iva*i'
;C/e-i*, $'/a-e( bu;%era B$aaer '3 C/e-i)a+ I(u*rie C/a-ber, Ey*ia
I(u*rie Ui' 3'r /i eerie)e a( )''era*i'
F'r a++ */e -e*i'e( a-e a( '*/er, */a@ y'u very -u)/.
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
10/83
vi
STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT
I* i */e 'be)*ive '3 */i re'r* *' /a(e +i/* ' */e i(u*ry '3 '+ye*/y+ee *ere/*/a+a*e
a 'e '3 */e -'* i-'r*a* '+y-eri) i(u*rie i)+u(i -au3a)*uri *e)/'+'ie
a+' i*/ '*/er *e)/i)a+ a( e)''-i)a+ re+a*e( ae)*. T/e re'r* )')er '+y */e-au3a)*uri '3 TP a a -''-er '3 PET a( ('e '* /a(+e */e -au3a)*uri '3
'*/er -''-er Bea-+e: EG. T/e )'e '3 */i 'r@ i *' re)'--e( */e -'* ui*ab+e
*e)/'+'y 3'r r'(u)i PET i Ey*.
++ */e i3'r-a*i' i */i re'r* are bae( u' */e au-*i' */a* */e ra -a*eria+ i++
be 'b*aie( 3r'- */eir 'ur)e i*/ */e reHuire( uri*y, a( i++ '* ee( 3ur*/er
r')ei 'r uri3i)a*i' i ay '3 */e r')ee reHuire(.
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
11/83
NOMENCLATURE
!%ET !i; /y(r'ye*/y+ Tere/*/a+a*e OL O-a r'-a*i) C'-ay
!P !ri*i/ Pe*r'+eu- OS%O))ua*i'a+ Sa3e*y a(
%ea+*/ (-ii*ra*i'
C! Carb'y;!eD Reear)/ a( Deve+'-e*
E)/e- Ey*ia Pe*r')/e-i)a+ %'+(i C'. ROI Re*ur ' Ive*-e*
EE Ea* Eur'e RPET
Re)y)+e( P'+ye*/y+ee
Tere/*/a+a*e
EG E*/y+ee G+y)'+ S!ICSau(i !ai) I(u*rie
C'r'ra*i'
EPT Ea*-a Puri3ie( Tere/*/a+i) )i( SSP S'+i( S*a*e P'+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
12/83
ABSTRACT
T/e -ai 'be)*ive '3 */i re'r* i *' (i)u */e PET '+y-er r'(u)*, a( *'
re)'--e( a *e)/'+'y 3'r */e r'(u)*i' '3 PET rei. T/e *' -a*eria+ (i)ue( i
(e*ai+ */r'u/'u* */e re'r* are TP a( PET */ee are ree)*ive+y */e i*er-e(ia*er'(u)* a( r'(u)* '3 */e re)'--e(e( *e)/'+'y /i)/ i Ea*-a a( Ea*-a
I*eRe. T/i re)'--e(a*i' i */e reu+* '3 a eva+ua*i' */a* i ('e bae( ' */e
ei/*e( )'re -e*/'( be*ee */e (i33ere* *e)/'+'ie.
* */e beii eera+ i3'r-a*i' ab'u* PET a( TP i (i+aye(. T/e */e
r'(u)*i' *e)/'+'ie /i)/ are (ivi(e( i*' *' ar*, */e 3ir* i 3'r */e r'(u)*i' '3
TP 3r'- i* vari'u ra -a*eria+, */e */e r'(u)*i' '3 PET 3r'- TP /i)/ are */e
'+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
13/83
1
INTRODUCTION
PET i a '+y-er */a* 'ee rea* i-'r*a)e i */e )'*e-'rary 'r+( '3 +a*i).
!ei a */er-'+a*i) i.e. re)y)+ab+e '+y-er -a(e i* */e u-ber 'e )/'i)e 3'r u-er'u
a+i)a*i' /i)/ a*i3ie */e 'r+( ee( 3'r a reeer a( -'re e)'+'i)a+ a+*era*ive *')'--'+y ue( +a*i) u)/ a '+ye*/y+ee a( '*/er.
N'a(ay, T' PET ra(e ('-ia*e */e +'ba+ -ar@e* 3iber;ra(e PET a( b'**+e;ra(e
PET. T/ey (i33er -ai+y i */e e( r'(u)* r'er*ie u)/ a '*i)a+ aeara)e a(
r'(u)*i' *e)/'+'ie /ere */ee r'er*ie )a be )'*r'++e( by -'+e)u+ar ei/*,
i*rii) vi)'i*y, a( a((i*ive e)i3i) *' ea)/ r')e 'r a+i)a*i'. O*/er ue i)+u(e
3i+- r'(u)*i' a( e)ia+*y y+'[17]
.
T/e )'e '3 */i re'r* i++ 3')u ' b'**+e;ra(e PET be)aue '3 i* /i/ (e-a(
ee)ia++y i */e Ey*ia -ar@e*. T/e re'r* (i)ue */e /i*'ri)a+ (eve+'-e* '3 PET,
i* i-'r*a)e, r'er*ie a( -a*eria+ /a(+i )'i(era*i'.
Ever i)e i* (i)'very i */e beii '3 20*/
)e*ury evera+ )'-aie ere i*ere*e(
i r'vi(i r'(u)*i' *e)/'+'ie *' u+y */e i)reai ee( 3'r +are a-'u* '3
PET. Te)/'+'ie a( */eir )urre* +i)e'r are (i)ue( i (e*ai+ i*/ */eir 3+' /ee*,
)/e-i*ry a( e)i3i) r'er*ie.
T/e re'r* +i* */e PET r'(u)*i' r')ee i*' *' -ai ar* -''-er reara*i'
a( '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
14/83
2
1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
P'+ye*er a i(e+y @' a y*/e*i) 3iber (erive( 3r'- e*r'+eu- r'(u)* i*/ air
a( a*er, */a* a 3ir* (eve+'e( i a +ab'ra*'ry (uri */e *e*ie*/ )e*ury. P'+ye*er
a a '+y-er i 3'r-e( 3r'- */e )/e-i)a+ rea)*i' '3 a a)i( a( a+)'/'+, /ere *' 'r-'re -'+e)u+e )'-bie *' -a@e a +are -'+e)u+e /'e *ru)*ure reea* */r'u/'u* i*
+e*/.K2
1.1. Produ! D"#"$o%&"'!
I */e Ui*e( S*a*e a* 1?2 E.I Du P'* (e Ne-'ur a( C'. *ar*e( */eir reear)/ ab'u*
very +are -'+e)u+e a( r'(u)e( y+' a */e very 3ir* y*/e*i) 3iber. b'u* *e year
+a*er reear)/ *ar*e( *' )rea*e '+ye*er 3iber, /i)/ a 3ir* r'(u)e( i */e Ui*e(
S*a*e. T/ere are *' *ye '3 '+ye*er PET a( PCDT, /ere PET i -'re 'u+ar a(-'*+y ue( '. Duri */e 3i3*ie */e PET 3iber a 3ir* i*r'(u)e( *' */e -ar@e* u(er
*/e a-e Da)r'. Due *' i* a(va*ae '3 '* ee(i *' be ir'e(, */e 3iber '' be)a-e
3a-'u. T/i i)reae( */e (e-a( a( ' */e r'(u)*i' '3 PET 3iber /i)/ ea(e(
rai(+y i */e eve*ie. K22
PET r'(u)*i' (i( '* *' a* */e 3iber /ae, i* a (i)'vere( +a*er */a* i* )a be -a(e
i*' 3i+- ue( i -ay a+i)a*i' u)/ a 3''( a)@ai -a*eria+, vi(e' *ae a(
r'3ei'a+ /'*'ra/i 3i+-. +' (uri */e +a* *e year PET a i*r'(u)e( a(
a))e*e( a b'**+e -a*eria+ 3'r beverae e++i a( *'ri, */i 3ur*/er i-r've( */e PET
r'(u)*i' a( ' */e i(u*ry. K2
1.(. T")'o$o*+ D"#"$o%&"'!
Duri */e eri'( 1?42;1?44 #/i3ie+(, Di)@' a( %ar(y -a(e TP by
(e/y(r'ea*i (ie*ee i*/ u+3ur *' 3'r- P;)y-ee BP;i'r'y+ *'+uee,/i)/ */ey
'i(i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
15/83
F,-"r.
PET r".,'.
Ho&"
/ur',),'*F,$& 0'd .%",0$,!,".
MEGT"!,$"
B"#"r0*"2$o!),'*o'!0,'"r.
TA PET Food
o'!0,'"r.
E'*,'""r,'* R,*,d
r",' %030*,'*
F$",-$"
P030*,'*4,d"o 2
0ud,o /,$&
Ui a)e*i) a)i( a a '+ve* a( 'ye a a 'i(a* i*ea( '3 air '+ve( */i r'b+e-
eab+i */e ue '3 TP i '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
16/83
4
e+e)*ri)a+ a( e+e)*r'i) a+ia)e. K9
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
17/83
7
(.(. U" o/ PET
T/e b'**+e ra(e PET )a be 3'r-e( i*' ei*/er b'**+e 'r )'*aier. T/ee are ue( 3'r
*/e a)@ai '3 (ri@ab+e a( e(ib+e r'(u)* u)/ a '3* (ri@, a*er, ui)e, baby 3''(,
eau* bu**er, a+a( (rei, 'i+ a( viear. +' ue( 3'r '*/er )/e-i)a+ r'(u)* */a*i 3reHue*+y ue( by )'u-er, u)/ a )'-e*i), /ar-a)eu*i)a+ a( /'ue/'+(
)+eaer. K7, K27
8. PROPERTIES OF PET AND TPA
8.1. Pro%"r!," o/ TPA
TP r'er*ie, a a PET r'(u)*i' i*er-e(ia*e, are /' i */e *ab+e be+'
-e*i'i '-e /yi)a+ a( )/e-i)a+ r'er*ie.K
T0-$" 15 P)+,0$ 0'd C)"&,0$ Pro%"r!," o/ TPA [9]
Pro%"r!," 40$u"
eara)e #/i*e )ry*a+ 'r '(er
$e+*i 'i*, C 429 3'r ea+e( *ube
Tri+e 'i*, MC 429
Se)i3i) ravi*y a* 27 MC 1.722
Se)i3i) /ea*, &=" M" 1202
Sub+i-a*i' 'i*, MC 404
%ea* '3 )'-bu*i' a* 27 MC, "&=-'+ ;1?8
%ea* '3 3'r-a*i' a* 27MC, "&=-'+ ;81
%ea* '3 ub+i-a*i', "&=-'+ 142
8.(. Pro%"r!," o/ PET
PET ei* i *' *a*e, a /i*e e-i;)ry*a++ie *a*e a( a *raare* a-'r/'u *a*e
/ere */e PET i ee a +a )+ear. PET /a /i/ /ar(e, *i33e a( *re*/, ''(
*'u/e eve a* +' *e-era*ure a( ''( )ree rei*a)e. PET /a */e a(va*ae '3
/avi ''( e+e)*ri)a+ iu+a*i r'er*ie a( /i/ rei*a)e 3'r (i33ere* )/e-i)a+. K10
S'-e '*/er /yi)a+, )/e-i)a+ a( -e)/ai)a+ r'er*ie are (i+aye( i */e *ab+e be+'
3'r PET i eera+. K2, K29
PET Bb'**+e ra(e i a @i( '3 *raare*, ear;rei*i a( )'rr'i';rei*i
+a*i) i*/ /i/ *re*/ a( -''*/
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
18/83
T0-$" (5 G"'"r0$ Pro%"r!," o/ PET
P)+,0$
Pro%"r!,"40$u" M")0',0$ Pro%"r!," 40$u"
Dei*y B )-;
1.;1.4 C'e33i)ie* '3 3ri)*i' 0.2;0.4
F+a--abi+i*y Se+3 E*iui/i %ar(e A R')@e++ $?4;101
Li-i*i 'ye ;1i(e
21 I
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
19/83
6.1. HSE o/ TPA
Eye )'*a)* i*/ TP -ay )aue +i/* irri*a*i', i*/ ai 'r u)+ear vii'. I/a+a*i'
-ay )aue irri*a*i' '3 -u)'a+ ur3a)e. !ae( ' ai-a+ *u(ie, /i/ 'r r'+'e( 'ra+
e'ure -ay +ea( *' @i(ey )/ae, ree)e '3 b+''( i */e urie 'r a++*'e ib+a((er. TP a* )')e*ra*i' eHua+ *' 'r rea*er */a 0.1 i +i*e( by NTP a( OS%
a a )ar)i'e. TP )'*aier are @e* *i/*+y )+'e( a( u33i)ie* ve*i+a*i' -u* be
ue( *' @ee e-+'yee e'ure be+' re)'--e(e( e'ure +i-i*. K2?
6.(. HSE o/ PET
$'+*e '+y-er i++ a(/ere *' */e @i a( )a )aue evere bur. Eye )'*a)* i*/ PET
ar*i)+e -ay )aue irri*a*i' i*/ ai 'r u)+ear vii'. TP )aue ' @i irri*a*i' 'r
@i ei*i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
20/83
.(. S!or0*" 0'd Tr0'%or!0!,o' o/ PET
Duri *'rae a( *ra'r*a*i' '3 '+ye*er, e'ure *' -'i*ure a( *e-era*ure
ab've 120 MC -u* be reve*e( *' av'i( u(eirab+e e33e)*. T/e r'(u)* are ei*/er
*'re( i ea+e(, air *i/* (ru- a* a-bie* *e-era*ure 'r i /ea*e(, iu+a*e( )'*aieru(er i*r'e a* 90 A 110 MC. I */e +iHui( *a*e PET )a be *ra'r*e( i barre+ 'r i
/ea*e(, iu+a*e( bu+@ )'*aier. I */e '+i( *a*e PET i *ra'r*e( i (ru-. Turbi(i*y
i '-e*i-e 'berve( i '+ye*er */a* are +iHui( a* a-bie* *e-era*ure bu* /ave bee
*'re( 3'r +' eri'( '3 *i-e a* +' *e-era*ure */i )a be veri3ie( i*/'u* a33e)*i
*/e Hua+i*y '3 */e r'(u)* by /ea*i */e '+ye*er brie3+y *' 80 MC. E*ra
Re)'--e(a*i' 3'r *'rae a( *ra'r*a*i' )'(i*i' '3 '+ye*er are r'vi(e( by
-au3a)*urer. K7
9. MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
$au3a)*uri '3 PET )a be (ivi(e( i*' *' -ai e)*i' */e 3ir* i TP
-au3a)*uri, /i+e */e '*/er i */e '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
21/83
a)i( '+ve* *' b'i+. Oi(a*i' '3 */e -e*/y+ r'u '))ur i *e. T' i*er-e(ia*e
are 3'r-e( */r'u/ */e rea)*i', ;*'+ui) a)i( a( 4;3'r-y+be
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
22/83
ab'u* 90 '3 */e ;y+ee 'i(a*i' r')ee, a( */i er)e*ae i)reae a e +a*
e-+'y i*. K7, K
T/e e33+ue* *rea- 3r'- */e rea)*'r )'*ai TP a +urry. T/i +urry ae */r'u/ a
ure vee+ */a* 'era*e a* a +'er reure */a */e rea)*'r. $'re TP )ry*a++i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
23/83
11
TP. T/e -'re '+ub+e ;*'+ui) a)i( 3'r-e( i */e rea)*'r, a( '*/er i-uri*ie, re-ai i
*/e -'*/er +iHu'r. 3*er +eavi */e 3ia+ )ry*a++i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
24/83
O,d0!,o'
O,d0!,o'
r+.!0$$,=0!,o'
r+
.!0$$,=0!,o'
S"$"!,#")+dro*"'0!,o'
r+.!0$$,=0!,o'
G0.Sru--,'*
W0!"r
W0!"rr"&o#0$
So$#"'!r"o#"r+
P0!"r
Sru--,'* Sru--,'*F,$!r0!,o'
A,r
S!"0&
Dr+,'*
Pur"
!"r"%)!)0$, 0,d
F,*ur" (5 F$o> S)""! o/ A&oo Pro"..
11
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
25/83
12
D"*0
.."r
A,r #"'!
G0 #"'!
A!0$d")+d"
p
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
26/83
1
*/e TP i '* )'-+e*e+y '+ub+e a* */e /i/er *e-era*ure, */e )ry*a+ are (ie*e(. S'
*/e a-'u* '3 */e re+eae( 4;3'r-y+be
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
27/83
14
*/e eara*e( i va)uu- 3+a/ (ru- a( */e '+ve* i re)'vere( *' */e 'i(i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
28/83
R0'3,'
+$"
u',!
A&-,"'! A,r
A"!, 0,d
WRC U'd"r/$o>
oo$"r
WRC
WRC
R"/$u
Pro" A,r
Co&%r"orO// *0
E%0'd"r
R"*"'"r0!,#" T)"r&0$
O1,d,="r@Sru--"r
O// *0
#"'!
W0) 0,d
!0'3
Co'd"'"r Dru& O// *0
Pr")"0!"rW0!" >0!"r
O,d,="r R"/$u
A"!, A,d40%or,="r
40uu& u',! LP S!"0& 40uu&
O// *0.
Dr+"ru',!
R4F
40u&.+.!"&
P S)""! o/ E0!&0' Pro"..
17
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
29/83
T/ere are (i33ere* *e)/'+'ie *' r'(u)e D$T a))'r(i *' 'i(a*i';e*eri3i)a*i'
r')e. T/e 3'++'i +i)e'r /ave */eir ' *e)/'+'ie 3'r D$T r'(u)*i':
1; Dya-i*e;N'be+ a( %W+ Tr'i('r3
2;C/e-i)/e #er@e #i**e %er)u+e
;Su+G %e-a
9.1.(.1. D+'0&,!" No-"$ %ro"
%er)u+e I). Dya-i*e N'be+ G r')e )/e-i*ry a a*e*e( i */e 1?70.
$'(i3i)a*i' i )'--er)ia+ ra)*i)e /ave '))urre( 'ver */e year, i*/ evera+ varia*i'
*' be ra)*i)e( )'--er)ia++y. K7
/' i 3iure 7, 'i(a*i' *a@e +a)e i 'e rea)*'r, /ere 3re/ ;y+ee a(
re)y)+e( -e*/y+ ;*'+ua*e are 3e( i*/ 'ye u+ie( by a )'-ree( air *' a +iHui(
/ae rea)*'r. T/i rea)*'r 'era*e a* 140 A 170MC a( 700 ; 800 @Pa. * */i *e, ;
y+ee a( -e*/y+ ;*'+ua*e are 'i(i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
30/83
p
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
31/83
18
D,.!,$$0!,o'o$u&'
H+dro$+.,.r"0!,o'o$u&'
."%0r0!or
Fia++y D$T r'(u)e( 3r'- Dya-i*e N'be+ r')e a( -e*/a'+;3ree a*er *'e*/er
i*/ -a@e;u a*er are 3ir* -ie( i -ii vee+ a( */e 3e( *' */e /y(r'+yi rea)*i'
)'+u- /ere D$T i /y(r'+y0!"r !o
,','"r0!,o'
M,,'* 4".."$8
6PTA
E#0%or0!or
F,*ur" 95 H+dro$+, Pro" D"#"$o%"d -+ D"*u0 AG
T/e 3'r-e( -e*/a'+ i *rie( '33 i*/ *ea- 3r'- */e eva'ra*'r. S*rii va'r '3
*/e /y(r'+yi rea)*'r i (i*i++e( i a (i*i++a*i' )'+u- /ere */e b'**'- r'(u)* i */e
-e*/a'+;3ree a*er /i)/ re)y)+e( *' -ii vee+ a( */e *' r'(u)* i 3ur*/er
eara*e( i a e)'( )'+u- i*' */e -e*/a'+ 'ver/ea( */a* i re)y)+e( *' */e D$T +a*
a( a*e a*er b'**'- i e* *' i)iera*i'. K7
9.1.(.(. W,!!"' %ro"
C/e-i)/e #er@e #i**e %er)u+e i a a+*era*ive r')e 3'r r'(u)i D$T 3r'- ;
y+ee. I* a('* */e a-e )/e-i*ry '3 */e revi'u r')e BDya-i*e N'be+ bu* i*(i33er i */e *e)/'+'y eHue)i a( 'era*i' )'(i*i'. [9]
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
32/83
1?
/' i 3iure 9, 'i(a*i' *a@e +a)e i rea)*'r i erie arrae-e*. Ca*a+y*
B)'ba+* a/*/a*e, 3re/ a( re)y)+e( ;y+ee a( -e*/y+ ;*'+ua*e are 3e( *' */e rea)*'r
/i)/ 'era*e a* 140 ;190MC a( 400 ; 900 @Pa */e rea)*'r )'-bie */e *ra3'r-a*i'
'3 *'+ui) a)i( a( -e*/y+ /y(r'e *ere/*/a+a*e *' */e )'rre'(i e*er. T/e )a*a+y*
B*'+uee u+3'i) a)i( i (i+u*e( by -e*/a'+ be3're i* i*r'(u)*i' *' */e e*eri3i)a*i'
rea)*'r /i)/ 'era*e a* 200 A 270C. K?
T/e e33+ue* i e* *' a erie '3 (i*i++a*i'. T/e 3ir* eara*e -e*/a'+=a*er -i*ure
a* */e *' /i)/ i */e e* *' a (e/y(ra*i' *'er, /i+e */e b'**'- i e* *' a )'+u-
/ere */e e*er i 3ra)*i'a*e( u(er va)uu-. $e*/y+ ;*'+ua*e a( e)e ;y+ee +eave
a* */e *' a( are re)y)+e( *' */e 'i(a*i' rea)*'r.K?
T/e i*/(raa+, )'i*i '3 )ru(e *ere/*/a+a*e, i re(i*i++e( u(er va)uu- *' re-'ve
/eavy )'-'u(, a( */e e* *' a va)uu- )ry*a++iG (eve+'e( */e (i*i++a*i' y*e- by ui a(va)e( va)uu- (i*i++a*i' ui
Su+
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
33/83
21
Crud"d,&"!)+$"
!"r"%)!)0$0!"
."%0r0!,o'
40u&"
H"0#+"'d
S"%0r0!,o'
O1,d0!,o'
O1,d0!,o'
40u&"
E.!"r,/,
0!,o'
M"!)0'o$
S"%0r0!,o'
F,'0$
Pur,/,0!,o'
M"!)0'o$
Pur,/,0!,o'
P S)""! o/ W,!!"' Pro"..
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
34/83
O1,d0!,o'r"0!or
P?r"o#"r+
M"OH40%our
E.!"r,/,0!,o'r"0!or
40uu&d,.!,$$0!,o'
40uu&d,.!,$$0!,o'
M"$!r+.!0$$,=0!,o'
O1,d0!,o' E.!"r,/,0!,o' 40uu& d,.!,$$0!,o' Cr+.!0$$,=0!,o'
A,r /""d
E'"r*+
r"o#"r+
I'"r! o//
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
35/83
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
36/83
O1,d0!,o'
17oC
S%r,'*,'*!0'3
T/e 3'++'i r')ee /' /' a */a* r'u*e (eve+'e(.
9.1.8.1. H"'3"$ II %ro"
Pr'(u)*i' '3 '+y-er ra(e TP ui (ir''r*i'a*i' rea)*i' '3 '*aiu- be0!"r
Po!0,u& .u$/0!"
Ador-!,o' r".,du"
W0!" >0!"r
TPA r+!0$ W0.),'*
PTA
F,*ur" 15 F$o> S)""! o/ H"'3"$ II Pro"
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
37/83
T'+uee i 'i(i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
38/83
E1!r0!or
/i)/ -ay '* /ave a )'--er)ia+ i-'r*a)e i -ay )'u*rie. K?
9.1.8.(. P),$$,%@ R)o'" Pou$"' %ro" PRP %ro"
T/e (raba)@ '3 %e@e+ II r')e +e( *' */e -'(i3i)a*i' ('e by P/i++i e*r'+eu-=
R/'e A'u+e) BFra)e /i)/ i bae( ' e)/ai '3 '*aiu- i' be*ee
*ere/*/a+a*e a+* a( be
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
39/83
'+i( i (i'+ve( i a*er i*/ */e ra*i' :1 a*er *' '+i( a( )a*a+y* rei(ue i 3i+*ere(.
K4?
$e*a*/ei
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
40/83
9.1.6.(. A&&o,d0!,o' o/ %
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
41/83
28
T/e (i'*aiu- ';/*/a+a*e i re)'vere( a( i'-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
42/83
2?
T/e reu+*a* '+u*i' )a be re)y)+e( a( reue( 3'r reara*i' '3 */e aHue'u '+u*i'
)'*aii )ru(e '*aiu- *ere/*/a+a*e a( '*aiu- /*/a+a*e, /i)/ i *' be
ubeHue*+y )')e*ra*e(. K72
9.1.6.6. M,!u-,), %ro"
T/i r')e i bae( ' */e Ga**er-a = "')/ rea)*i', /i)/ (ee( ' )arb'y+a*i
*'+uee *' ;*'+ui) a+(e/y(e by CO a* 0C, u(er 1700 @Pa a( i */e ree)e '3 !F a(
%F a))'r(i *' */e 3'++'i rea)*i':
S-a++er a-'u* '3 ';*'+ui) a+(e/y(e are a+' 3'r-e( a( )a be eara*e( 3r'- ;*'+ui)
a+(e/y(e by )ry*a++i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
43/83
1
9.1..(. A$o)o$+,
T/e -''-er ue( 3'r PET '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
44/83
1
T/i ree *e)/'+'y )a be )'--er)ia+i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
45/83
2
Dire)* e*eri3i)a*i' '3 TP a( EG a eera++y '* re3erre( ear+ier be)aue '3 */e
(i33i)u+*ie i */e uri3i)a*i' '3 TP (ue *' i* +' '+ubi+i*y a( /i/ -e+*i 'i*.
%'ever, i*/ i-r've-e* i *e)/'+'y, */e (ire)* e*eri3i)a*i' -e*/'( /a bee
aii i-'r*a)e. $'* +a* 'a(ay ue TP a i* /a */e 3'++'i a(va*ae: K
1; I)reai )'* '3 D$T 'ver TP.
2; T/e +'er ei/* '3 TP )'-are( i*/ D$T +ea( *' +'er *'rae )'*
; T/e ue '3 a*er i*ea( '3 -e*/a'+ a )'(ea*i' ae*4; N' *rae*eri3i)a*i' )a*a+y* i reHuire(
7; %i/er -'+e)u+ar -a PET i 'b*aie( i*/ ueri'r Hua+i*y (ue *' */eir +' )'*e*
'3 )arb'y+ e( r'u a( (i+y)'+ +i@ae.
T/e e*e* '3 '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
46/83
'+y)'(ea*i'. !'*/ */e /i/ *e-era*ure, reHuire( *' @ee */e '+y-er i a -'+*e
*a*e, a( */e /i/ vi)'i*y '3 */e '+y-er -ay )aue (era(a*i' ' *ri/ey+/'/i*e i
*/e re3erre( *abi+i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
47/83
4
EG TPA
E!"r,/,"r
P,%"$,'" R"0!or
N,!ro*"' EG H(O
Ro!o/or&"r
Pr"%o$+&"r
P"$$"!.
N,!ro*"'
EG H(O
EG C0!0$+!
Co$u&'
R"0!or
So$,d
S!0!"
R"0!or
N,!ro*"' H,*) I4P"$$"!
N,!ro*"'
F,*ur" 1(5 I'#,!0 Pro" /or Produ,'* H,*) Mo$"u$0r W,*)! PET
-e*i'e( ab've, NGT$ r'(u)e a +' I6 i*er-e(ia*e a( */e )arrie 'u* -'* '3
*/e '+y-eriG ue SSP *' rea)/ reHuire( I6. 3*er /ea*i '+i(
re'+y-er )'-i 3r'- -e+* /ae '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
48/83
So$,d
Ho%%"r
Pr"
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
49/83
C0!0$+!D,o$
H(O@THF@M"OH
To>"r
r"0!or D,o$
C0!0$+!
Pro"
Mo$u&'
DISCAGE M
PTA@d,o$ M
or DMT@d,o$
So$,d
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
50/83
Pr"%o$+&"r,=0!,o'
SSP
TPA
MEG
Gr0'u$0!,o'
E!"r,/,0!,o'
Cr+0!$,=0!,o'
C),%.
F,*ur" 15 DHI Po$+o'd"'0!,o' Pro" -+ Lur*, ,&&"r
9.(.. E0!&0' I'!"*R"
Ea*-a '+ve( */e r'b+e- '3 -a@i */e e*ire '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
51/83
o$+o'd"'0!,o' 1
Po$+o'd"'!)R0!"@;"0r
12
10
87%
10%
7.2%
6 5%
4
2
0
USA China Europ Global
F,*ur"(15 Gro>!) R0!" o/ PET D"&0'd
I* a e*i-a*e( */a* r'(u)*i' i */e +a* 3ive year /a r' a* a averae '3 10.7 er
year *' rea)/ 17.8 -i++i' $T i 200. %'ever, */e 3're)a* )aa)i*y r'*/ i 4.7
er year, i */e e* 3ive year i* i++ be +'er */a (e-a( r'*/, i-r'vi 'era*i
ra*e. Caa)i*y i ee)*e( *' rea)/ 1?. -i++i' $T i 2011. K8
$'* '3 */e )aa)i*y r'*/ /a '))urre( i ia i*/ */e -a'ri*y '3 +a* bei bui+* i
C/ia. ))'r(i *' -ar@e* 3're)a* ia i++ )'*iue *' r'(u)e */e rea*e* )aa)i*y 3'r
*/e e* 3e year a( i++ be a -a'r e'r*er a i* *a@e a(va*ae '3 i* +' )'*
'i*i'. K8
7.(. R0> M0!"r,0$ Wor$d>,d"
Pr'(u)*i' '3 PET i -ai+y (ivi(e( i*' *' *ae */e 3ir* *ae i PT r'(u)*i'
ui ;y+ee a a ra -a*eria+ i ree)e '3 a)e*i) a)i( a a '+ve*. T/e e)'( *ae
i */e rea)*i' be*ee PT a( $EG 3'r-i PET. %e)e */e 3ee(*')@ 3'r PET
r'(u)*i' i ;y+ee, a)e*i) a)i(, a( $EG.
7.(.1. P
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
56/83
r'(u)er '3 ;y+ee a( ';y+ee. Re+ia)e I(u*rie L*(. /a a+' be)'-e a -a'r
r'(u)er '3 y+ee r'(u)* Be)e* -;y+ee. K9
7.(.(. A"!, 0,d
T/e +are* ue '3 a)e*i) a)i( i */e -au3a)*ure '3 viy+ a)e*a*e -''-er /i)/
reree* '3 */e *'*a+ r'(u)*i' */e e)'( +are* (eriva*ive i */e r'(u)*i' '3
PT /i)/ reree* 22 '3 */e *'*a+ r'(u)*i' /i)/ i ue( *' r'(u)e PET b'**+e
rei a( '+ye*er 3iber. K9
G+'ba+ (e-a( 3'r a)e*i) a)i( i 3're)a*e( by )'u+*a* *' r' a* ;4 er year.
Gr'*/ i -u)/ /i/er i ia, u++e( by *r' (e-a( i C/ia. I(ia i a+' ee a a
)'u*ry /ere */ere )'u+( be *r' a)e*i) a)i( (e-a( r'*/ i */e 3u*ure. K9
T/e *' bie* r'(u)er '3 viri a)e*i) a)i( are Ce+aee a( !P C/e-i)a+. O*/er
-a'r r'(u)er i)+u(e $i++eiu- C/e-i)a+, S*er+i C/e-i)a+, Sa-u, Ea*-a,
a( Sve@ E*a'+@e-i. K
7.(.8. MEG
$EG i */e -'* i-'r*a* '3 */e )'--er)ia++y avai+ab+e EG, a))'u*i 3'r ?0 '3 EG
r'(u)*i'. DEG a( TEG are r'(u)e( a by;r'(u)* i */e -au3a)*ure '3 $EG.
r'u( 82 B18.7 -i++i' $T i 200? '3 $EG )'u-e( 'r+(i(e i ue( 3'r
r'(u)i '+ye*er 3iber, rei a( 3i+-. S*r' r'*/ i '+ye*er (e-a( /a +e( *'
+'ba+ r'*/ ra*e '3 7; er year 3'r $EG. T/e e)'( +are* -ar@e* 3'r $EG i
a*i3ree
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
57/83
Co'.u&%!,o'AMTB
7.8.1. Lo0$ %rodu!,o'
+*/'u/ */ere are ' )urre* PET r'(u)*i' )'-aie 'r@i i Ey* ', 'e
r'e)* i ee)*e( *' be ere)*e( i */e e* year. T/e 3u*ure )'-ay i a 'i* ve*ure
be*ee E)/e- a( */e I(ia ia* '3 e*r')/e-i)a+ SPL. T/e )'-ay i++ be
e*ab+i/e( u(er */e a-e '3 Ey*ia I(ia C'. 3'r P'+ye*er i*/ r'(u)*i' )aa)i*y
'3 17,000 $T '3 /i)/ 20 i++ be ('-e*i)a++y )'u-e(. K40
7.8.(. Lo0$ o'u&%!,o'
T/e /i3* i ra -a*eria+ 3'r +a*i) b'**+e i Ey* 3r'- '+ye*/y+ee *' PET /a( i*
rea* i-a)* i */e )'u-*i' ra*e u- i 200. T/ere are -ay ('*rea- +a*i)
b'**+eJ i(u*rie bae( ' i-'r*e( PET rei 3r'- vari'u r'(u)er i */e 'r+(. T/e
3iure /' */e i)reae '3 PET (e-a( i */e Ey*ia -ar@e* i a eri'( '3 8 year. K4
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
(( (6 (9 ( (1
F,*ur" ((5 Co'u&%!,o' o/ PET Bo!!$" Gr0d" ,'E*+%!
7.8.8. Lo0$ &0r3"! /or"0!
))'r(i *' */e '33i)ia+ (a*a 3r'- E)/e-, */e )'u-*i', /i)/ rea)/e( 88000 $T
i 2008, i ee)*e( *' r' *ea(i+y i i*e '3 */e 'r+( e)''-i) +'(' e33e)* '
(eve+'i e)''-ie.
[1]
I* i ee)*e( *' i)@ u, r'i a* a averae aua+ ra*e '3ar'i-a*e+y 4. (uri 200?A201 B'r+(i(e
[1]a( ab'u* 7; aua+ ra*e 3'r */e
a-e eri'( B200?;201 i Ey* a( by */e year 201 */e aua+ )'u-*i' 'u+( be
?9000 $T.[1]
T/e i)reae i */e aua+ ee)*e( )'u-*i' ra*e i Ey* i /i/er
*/a 'r+(i(e e)u+a*i' a( eve /i/er i */e $i((+e Ea* rei' i eera+, /i)/
/ave */e +are* rei'a+ r'*/ 3're)a*e( *' rea)/ B?.. K9
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
58/83
7.6. R0> M0!"r,0$ ,' E*+%!
Ra -a*eria+ avai+abi+i*y i ay i(u*ry i a vi*a+ a( )ru)ia+ )'-'e* i */e /'r* a(
+' *er- */i@i '3 )'*ru)*i ay 3a)*'ry. T/e avai+abi+i*y '3 */e revi'u+y
-e*i'e( ra -a*eria+ i (i)ue( brie3+y i */e e* arara/.
7.6.1. P
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
59/83
a)i( i++ be i-'r*e(. $'* )'--' u+ier are !P a( Ce+aee 3r'- 'u*/ ea*er
ia 'r */e US. K
7.. C0%0,!+ R"o&&"'d0!,o'
T/e )/'i)e '3 a )aa)i*y 3'r ay ive 3a)*'ry;*';be i '* a eay (e)ii' be)aue i*
(ee( ' -ay 3a)*'r u)/ a u+y, (e-a( a( -ar@e* 3're)a* '3 b'*/ +')a+ a(
+'ba+ -ar@e*. T/e /are '3 ea)/ ar*er )a a+' a33e)* */e (e)ii' be)aue '3 */e
'))ai'a++y )'3+i)*i i*ere* a-' ar*er. T/ere are *' -ai ar'a)/e /e
(ea+i i*/ )aa)i*y ue*i', */e 3ir* '3 /i)/ i bae( ' */e e( r'(u)* -ar@e*
/i+e */e '*/er i bae( ' */e 'ibi+i*y '3 -ar@e*i i*er-e(ia*e r'(u)* a+' i*/
*/e e( r'(u)*. T/e e)'( ar'a)/ i -'re ui*ab+e 3'r */e PET r'(u)*i' r'e)*
be)aue i* i -ai+y e)*i'e( i*' *' (i33ere* 3a)*'rie /ere ea)/ '3 */e- )a 'r@
i(ee(e*+y. K4
PET )'u-*i' i /i/er */a i* r'(u)*i' i Ea*er a( #e*er Eur'e, $i((+e
Ea* a( 3ri)a /i)/ -a@e */e- a *r' '*e*ia+ )a(i(a*e 3'r */e PET *' be r'(u)e(
i Ey*[(]
. F'r ea-+e, #e*er Eur'e )'u-e .17 -i++i' $T a( r'(u)e 2.
-i++i' $T ' i* ee( *' i-'r* 0.87 -i++i' $T Ba /' i */e ae(i. Ey* i
re3erab+e */a ia )'u*rie a a u+ier (ue *' */e i-'r* */rea* 3r'- ia be)aue '3
*/e /i/er ri)e a( -ari[(1]
. +' +')a*i' a(va*ae '3 Ey* /i)/ i)+u(e +'
+'i*i) )'* 3'r a+e *' */e EU a( N'r*/ -eri)a -ar@e*, a))e *' */e 3a* r'i
a( u(ererve( 3ri)a a( $i((+e Ea*er -ar@e*, e)e++e* 'r*=i3ra*ru)*ure
3a)i+i*ie, 3av'rab+e *ra(e aree-e* i*/ */e EU a( #E a( r'i-i*y *' 'ur)e '3
$EG 3ee(*')@. K42
T/e TP -ar@e* i i-i+ar be)aue TP )'u-*i' i e*i-a*e( *' i)reae by 4.8 i
2008 a( i* i ee)*e( *' r' a averae 7.4 er year 3r'- 2008 *' 201 a( ar'u(.? er year 3r'- 201 *' 2018. TP i a+' ue( *' -a@e '+y*ri-e*/y+ee *ere/*/a+a*e
BPTT, '+ybu*y+ee *ere/*/a+a*e BP!T, ara-i( 3iber, '+ya)ry+a*e rei, +iHui( )ry*a+
'+y-er BLCP, a( e)ia+*y '+ye*er. K4
!ae( ' */e i3'r-a*i' -e*i'e( ab've, */e re)'--e(e( er)e*ae '3 b'*/ PET a(
TP *' be e'r*e( i /i/er */a */e +')a++y )'u-e(. T/e (e-a( '3 PET i Ey* i
200? i ee)*e( *' be 88000 $T, /i)/ reree* 27 '3 */e re)'--e(e( )aa)i*y
'3 PET r'e)* re3erri *' E)/e-J *u(y. T/e (e-a( r'*/ '3 PET i ear+y 7 ' */e
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
60/83
)'u-*i' '3 PET i Ey* a* */e ee)*e( (e)'--ii'i /ae '3 */e PET r'e)*,
/i)/ i au-e( *' be i 17 year, 'u+( be 177000 $T /i)/ i++ reree* 40 '3
*'*a+ )aa)i*y '3 */e r'e)*. S' */e re)'--e(e( )aa)i*y '3 PET +a* /'u+( be 87000
$T PET. T/e a-'u* '3 TP ee(e( 3'r 87000 $T PET i 280000 $T a))'r(i
*' */e ra*i' */a* 1 *' TP ive 1.9 *' PET. !y /i3*i */e 0 e'r* er)e*ae */e
re)'--e(e( )aa)i*y '3 TP /'u+( be 900000 $T.
. E4ALUATION OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
Eva+ua*i' i ('e bae( ' )'-ari a++ )'--er)ia+i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
61/83
Ra -a*eria+J *ye, a-'u* a( avai+abi+i*y i */e +')a+ -ar@e* a bu+@ )/e-i)a+.
Fie( )'* 'r */e ba**ery ive*-e* i reree*e( i b'*/ *ye a( u-ber '3
rea)*'r, eara*'r, a( /ea* e)/aer bei(e */e ee( '3 e)ia+ -a*eria+ (ue *'
)'rr'i' r'b+e-.Sa3e*y )'i(era*i' a( re*ri)*i' /i)/ reree* by rea)*i' )'(i*i'.
Tye a( a-'u* '3 a*e B'+i(, +iHui( 'r a ere *a@e a -eaure '3 */e
evir'-e*a+ i-a)*.
T/e ui*abi+i*y '3 */e r'(u)*i' )aa)i*y +i-i* *' */e re)'--e(e( )aa)i*y by */e
-ar@e* *u(y a33e)*i */e )/'i)e a( */e reHuire( u-ber '3 +ab'r.
T/e avai+abi+i*y '3 */e @';/' '3 */e r')e i '*/er i(u*ria+ ra)*i)e
)'--ii'e( i Ey* 'r i */e $i((+e Ea*.
aree-e* ' */e ei/* aie( *' ea)/ 3a)*'r i ('e by */e eva+ua*i' )'--i**ee
be3're *ar*i eva+ua*i' *' uara*ee eHua+i*y. Di*ribu*i' '3 ei/* ' ea)/ 3a)*'r i
('e bae( ' +i*era*ure re)'--e(a*i' a( revi'u re'r* ('e ' */e a-e 3ie+(.[66]
/' i 3iure B2, 'ver a *'*a+ '3 1000 'i*, */e r'3i* ra*i' 3a)*'r a ive 00
'i* a i* (ire)*+y -eaure */e )'e '3 */e r'e)* a( /e)e i* 3'r- */e -'*
i-'r*a* )ri*eri'. U*i+i*ie )'u-*i' er *' '3 r'(u)* a ive 100 'i* a(
b'*/ ere )'++e)*e( i 'e 3a)*'r )a++e( BTPC. %e)e TPC reree* */e -'* i-'r*a*
)ri*eri'.
T/e 3ie( )'* Bu-ber '3 eara*'r, rea)*'r a( /ea* e)/aer a ive a ei/* '3
200 'i*, a( */e avai+abi+i*y '3 ra -a*eria+ a ive 100 'i*. Sa3e*y )'i(era*i'
Breree*e( by rea)*i' )'(i*i' 3a)*'r a ive 90 'i* (ue *' */e 3a)*'rJ e33e)* '
'era*i' i-+i)i*y, /i+e */e evir'-e*a+ i-a)* '3 */e +a* i ive 70 'i*. T/e
re* i (i*ribu*e( be*ee +ab'r, )aa)i*y a( @';/' avai+abi+i*y *' -ai*ai */eir
re+a*ive i-'r*a)e a */e 3'++'i +ab'r 0 'i*, )aa)i*y 70 'i*, a( @';/'
avai+abi+i*y 100 'i*.
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
62/83
3%
10%
5%5%
7%
0
%
10%
20%
R!" m!teri!ls
Fi#e$ ost
TP&
Re!tion
on$itions
En'ironment
&!(!ity
)!bor
*no"ho"
F,*ur" (85 D,!r,-u!,o' o/ W",*)! /or E0) F0!or
T/e 3'++'i *e)/'+'ie are ei*/er 'b'+e*e 'r '* )'--er)ia+iG *e)/'+'y
e*ere( a i* -'(i3i)a*i', +*/'u/ %>G a+' i #i**eJ -'(i3i)a*i', #i**e
e*ere( a a ea-+e '3 '+( *e)/'+'ie.
%e@e+ I BI'-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
63/83
71
F'r ea-+e %e@e+ II r')e )'u-e 1.7 *' *'+uee, 0.82 *' '*aiu- /y(r'i(e,
a( 0. *' u+3uri) a)i( *' r'(u)e 1 *' TP bei(e 0.7 *' beG. T/ee ei/* are aie( bae( ' */e (a*a avai+ab+e ab'u* ea)/ *e)/'+'y i */e
a**a)/e( ae(i. +' Ea*-a r'vi(e a (i)'u* Y20;27 er *' be+' PT ri)e
/i)/ r'(u)e by -')' r')e.
T/e reu+* i )'i*e* i*/ */e /i*'ri)a+ (eve+'-e* '3 r')ee. I */e a*, D$T a
ue( ' #i**e a( i* -'(i3i)a*i' %>G ere */e -'* i(e+y ue(. 3*er */e /i3* 3r'-
D$T *' TP -')' be)a-e */e -'* i(e+y ue( *e)/'+'y *i++ Ea*-a (i( i*
-'(i3i)a*i' ' i* a( be)a-e */e e *re(.
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
64/83
T0-$" 85 E#0$u0!,o' R"u$! o/ D,//"r"'! T")'o$o*,"
M0,' F0!or D"!0,$ To!0$ %o,'! AMOCO EASTMAN HENKEL II PRP WITTEN H2G
R0> M0!"r,0$ A#0,$0-,$,!+ 1 ( 1 ( 1 1 1
F,"d o!
"u,%&"'! 0'd
orro,o' %ro-$"&
Nu-ber '3 rea)*'r a( */eir *ye 70 0 40 9 7 0 47
Nu-ber '3 eara*'r a( */eir *ye 97 0 90 7 9 20 47
Nu-ber '3 /ea* e)/aer 27 10 12 20 20 17 2
$a*eria+ '3 )'*ru)*i' *' 3a)e
)'rr'i' i3 */ere i )'rr'i'70 0 7 27 7 7 7
To!0$ ( 1 17 7 87 1 16
To!0$ Produ!,o'
Co! TPC
Pro/,! R0!,o 00 1?1 2? 1?8 29 179 187
U*i+i*ie
BPer *'
r'(u)*
S*ea- )'u-*i' 40 4 8 2 2 7
C''+i;a*er )'u-*i' 10 9 1 1 ?
E+e)*ri)i*y )'u-*i' 27 10 21 14 14 12 24
Fue+ )'u-*i' 17 7 1 2 2 8 8
Pr')e;a*er )'u-*i' 10 9 ? 1 1 8 8
To!0$ 6 (6 816 (1 (7 (( (97
R"0!,o' o'd,!,o'
Preure 7 1 0 18 18 22
Te-era*ure 27 24 22 12 12 19 19
/ae '3 rea)*i' 10 8 8 1 2 8 8
To!0$ 7 98 9 81 8( 67
E'#,ro'&"'! A&ou'! 0'd !+%" o/ "&,,o' 8( 69 1 ( (
C0%0,!+ R0'*" o/ C0%0,!+ /or !)" !")'o$o*+ 6 6 1 1 1 6
L0-or Nu&-"r o/ $0-or r"u,r"d 8 (9 (9 1 1 1 16
K'o>)o>
I */ere ay e 3a)*'ry ue */i
*e)/'+'yZ47 47 47 7 7 20 27
re */ere ay r'b+e- i*/ */e
)'u*rie /i)/ ive +i)eeZ10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Nu-ber '3 +a* ue */i *e)/'+'y
'r+( i(e27 27 17 7 7 8 10
re */ere 3a)*'rie ar'u( 'r ii(e
Ey* */a* ue */i *e)/'+'yZ20 20 7 7 7 7 7
To!0$ 1 1 7 ( ( 68
To!0$ 1 96 78 8( 68 6 911
71
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
65/83
72
.(. E#0$u0!,o' o/ Po$+&"r,=0!,o' T")'o$o*,"
T/e '+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
66/83
7
T0-$" 65 E0&%$" /or E0) T+%" o/ T")'o$o*,"
Pro" IPT I'#,!0 Bu)$"r M2G
E0+UP
I'#"'!0
oo$"r
WRC
WRC
R"/$u
O// *0.
E1%0'd"r
Pro" A,r
Co&%r"or
R"*"'"r0!,#" T)"r&0$
O1,d,="r@Sru--"r
O// *0
#"'!
40uu& u',!
W0) 0,d
!0'3
O,d,="r R"/$u1
!0'3
Co'd"'"r
W0!"r
R"&o#0$
Co$u&'
A"!, A,d40%or,="r
Dru& O// *0
Pr")"0!"r
40uu& u',!
LP S!"0&
G"'"r0!or
O// *0.
Dr+"ru',!
W0!" >0!"r
R4F
40u&.+.!"&
Po$+ Co'd"'0!,o' 1
Po$+ Co'd"'0!,o' (
C0!0$+!P
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
70/83
79
REFERENCES
Or*0',=0!,o'5
1. E)/e- Ey*ia Pe*r')/e-i)a+ %'+(i C'-ay
2. I(u*ria+ Deve+'-e*a+ ')ia*i'BID [\]^_`a[\c_de[fgh
. Per'a+ )'--ui)a*i' i*/ C/e-i*=$'/a-e( bu;%ira, $aaer '3 C/e-i)a+
I(u*rie C/a-ber, Ey*ia i(u*rie Ui' [\ijcek`]_`^eldmnb;[\nocfpek`]`_^e[q
4. Per'a+ )'--ui)a*i' i*/ C/e-i*=$'/ab %aa $'/a-e(, i*a* Geera+
$aaer, C'--er)ia+ 33air, E)/e-
Boo3 0'd "'+$o%"d,05
7. sU++-aJ E)y)+'e(ia '3 I(u*ria+ C/e-i*ryt, E+e)*r'i) Re+eae, #i+ey I*erS)ie)e,
2009
. "ir@;O*/-er, sE)y)+'e(ia '3 C/e-i)a+ Te)/'+'yt, 4*/
E(i*i', 2001.
9. $.F.+i, !.$E++i, &.G. Sei/*, s%a(b''@ '3 I(u*ria+ C/e-i*ry: Orai) C/e-i)a+t,
2004
8. R'ber* ++e $eyer, s%a(b''@ '3 Pe*r')/e-i)a+ Pr'(u)*i' Pr')eet, $)Gra;%i++
Pr'3ei'a+ , 2007
?. C/auve+, G. Le3ebvre, sPe*r')/e-i)a+ Pr')ee: Te)/i)a+ > E)''-i) C/ara)*eri*i)t,
2(
E(i*i'., 1?8?
10. S. $a*ar, L. F. %a*)/, sC/e-i*ry '3 Pe*r')/e-i)a+ Pr')eet, 2(
E(i*i', Gu+3
Pr'3ei'a+ Pub+i/i, 2001
11. C/auve+ +ai Le3ebvre Gi++e, sPe*r')/e-i)a+ Pr')ee. 6'+. 2 $a'r Oyea*e(,
C/+'ria*e( a( Ni*ra*e( Deriva*ivet, E(i*i' 2, E(i*i' TEC%NIP, 1?8?
12. ". #eier-e+, %.;&. re, sI(u*ria+ Orai) C/e-i*ryt, 6%C Pub+i/er, I)., Ne
5'r@, N5 BUS, r(
e(i*i' 1??9
1. %y(r')arb' Pr')ei ,t Pe*r')/e-i)a+ Pr')ee %a(b''@t, Gu+3 Pub+i/i C'., 2007
14. "+au #eier-e+, %a;&Wre re, sI(u*ria+ Orai) C/e-i*ryt, 4*/
E(i*i', #i+ey;
6C%, #ei/ei-, 200
17. &.$.Iay@, &..Ra@e*ra, ".#.Le33e, Pr')e 3'r P'+y-eri
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
71/83
78
1. !'r@*e, &., T'vey, %., %ar@er, !. a( %ei, &., sP'+ye*er a( */eir +i)a*i't,
Rei/'+(, Ne 5'r@, a( C/a-a > %a++, L'(', 1?7
19. &'/ S)/eir, Ti-'*/y E. L', s$'(er P'+ye*er: C/e-i*ry a( Te)/'+'y '3
P'+ye*er a( C''+ye*ert, #i+y, Grea* !ri*ai, 200
18. P+a*i) Fe(era*i' '3 S BPr'er*ie '3 P'+ye*/y+ee Tere/*/a+a*e
1?. P'+ye*er )'*iu'u *e)/'+'y, Luri br')/ure
20. PET D5 200? r*i-i', I*a+y, 8 O)*'ber 200?, R'er Lee, Te)' OrbiC/e-
21. C$I 2009 #'r+( Pe*r')/e-i)a+ C'3ere)e, 20;22 $ar)/ 2009, %'u*', Tea.
W"-,!" ,!"d ,' !)" %"r,od /ro& O!. !o D". (5
22. /* * : == .a e r.) ' - =* 'i)=' + y e *er
2. /* * : == .' + y e *e r ) ' v e r* e r.) '- = ) + a =*a e 1= *a e 2=a+i) a *i ' a ( e (u e =/ i *'r
y'3e*./*-
24. /* * : == .b.) '- = +i v ea e*=bi * e r e *= +'ba+ b = S T G I N G= +' b a +a e * = ('+' a (= F =F r
'*ier-aa
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
72/83
7?
?. /* * : == .i i( e */eb'* *+e.' r =
40. /**:==. E)/e- ;e.)'-=
41. /* * : == .a r a bia'i+a ( a . ) '- = a r*i ) +e ; 4? 8 ; ' a+ ; *a r * ; r'( u) *i ' ; ' 3 ; b e < e e ;a (;
aray+ee=42. /* * : == .i3 ) .'r =i3 )e *= i e bi * e 1.3=1)a0940e49a7)(8727e3b00900)ee=F7880
C490EF!87279!0094FE4
4. /* * : == .ri ) 'u+* i .) '- =#P =P ub+ i ) =R e 'r* = T=
44. /* * : == .) / e - y *e- .) '- = r e 'r*= ea r ) /=(') =r' e) *u =$ C ; ' + y e * e r ; r'.(3
47. /* * : == .) / e - y *e- .) '- =r e 'r*= ea r ) /=(') =ab*r a) * =040 7 ; S 9 ;a b. (3
4. /* * : == .e ) y ) +'e(i a .) '- = (' ) =1G 1 ; 187?21 0 ./* - +
P0!"'!5
49. %uber* %. T3aie, U.S. Pa*e* ,870,?81, sLiHui( P/ae Oi(a*i' '3 P;Xy+ee *'
Tere/*/a+i) )i(t, N'v 2, 1?9419
48. %ir'/i %a/i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
73/83
1
78. 6ive@ "aur, G'vi(aa-y Para-aiva Rae(ra, "ee*/ #aye Le33e, U.S. Pa*e*
,87,7, sPr')e 3'r )ry*a++i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
74/83
$i++i'.*e2*=year
Pric
US!
A%%"'d, I5 Fur!)"r M0r3"! A'0$+.,.
G$o-0$ D"&0'd o/ PET
5ear
PET 0'd I! R0> M0!"r,0$ Pr,"
PET %r,". P
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
75/83
M0!"r,0$ To$u"'" B"'="'" P +$"'" O +$"'" DMT TPA PETP)!)0$,
0')+dr,d"
Pr,"
CFR
USD@MT
0 70 1180 840 1100 ?27 1000 ?00
M0!"r,0$A"!,
0,dMEG M"!)0'o$
E!)+$"'"
O1,d"KOH K SO H SO
Pr,"CFR
USD@MT
70 770 200 1100 100 1280 220
Pr," o/ E#0$u0!,o' Pro" /,r! >""3 o/ M0+ (
( 6 ( 6
A%%"'d, II5 Do>'!r"0& Co&%0'," o/ PET Bo!!$" Gr0d" ,' E*+%!
Co&%0'+ M0,' %rodu! Addr"..
Por! S0,d /or %$0!, !'**+e E+ baa*ee, Cair'
U',#"r0$ o&%0'+ /or Bo!!$" !'**+e !'r E+ rab, +ea(ria
M"'0 P$0.! !'**+e a( *''+ !'r E+ rab, +ea(ria
E$"+oo/ E$ H0d,!)0 !'**+e a( /'-e *''+ !'r E+ rab, +ea(ria
E%o u',!"d %$0!, 0'd )"&,0$ De*ere* a( b'**+e !'r E+ rab, +ea(ria
S0'0-"$ /or %$0!, !'**+e, ar %e+a
G0&0 %03 !'**+e Gi
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
76/83
A%%"'d, III5 Pro/,! R0!,o C0$u$0!,o' P"r o'" !o' o/ d",r"d %rodu!
1. Pro/,! R0!,o o/ PET Produ!
AMOCO5
EAST MAN5
HE NKEL II5
PR P5
WIT TEN5
H2G5
(. Pro/,! R0!,o o/ PTA Produ!5
AMOCO5
EAS T M A N 5
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
77/83
HE NKEL II5
PR P5
8. Pro/,! R0!,o o/ DMT Produ!5
WIT TEN5
H2 G 5
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
78/83
A%%"'d, I45 T")'o$o*," D0!0
1
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
79/83
8
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
80/83
M0!"r,0$-'u* Ber *' D$T
P;y+ee B0. *'
$e*/a'+ B0.8 *'
vai+abi+i*y
F,"d o! "u,%&"'!
0'd orro,o' %ro-$"&
u-ber '3 rea)*'r a( */eir *ye 2 Oi(a*i', 1 e*eri3i)a*i'
u-ber '3 eara*'r a( */eir *ye 11 7 Di*i++a*i', )e*ri3ue, 2 )ry*a++i
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
81/83
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
82/83
0
o~
cVS
o&;
O
C%
+
A%%"'d, 4. C) e-i.)a+ R"0!,o' S)"&"
a(%:e ;;; I o ~ I
0
~ ~
o~~
IC%%
Oxidation oCH 8 CH(Dynamite Nob!1 ~
OXidationwith' COO%
0 'COO%0+; ~s~!="T ========-
C% 0#i$%&tano%Et)i*ication COOC% , COOC%,
COO% Y
COOC%1
C%
Oidationwith ,) P)o$ot)
(A$ocoTo)a Eat$an
and "&t%ihi/aiP)oc
Ca*.
0,
C%,
1-X&n
2o-oidation
"E/Pa)a&dhd
L%$$%
A$$oidation
Nit)ic Oidation
COO%
2N COO%
Hd)o&i
;U%,O
'''0
PETRcc&in3
%OC%V::%V33VO ET 1(!% Pont P)oc---------------------------
Hn4& I
;'COO" ~K Exchange
COO%
OVOO
:I,,
F
COC%% V10%
I 5
P)oc
o COO"Isomerization COOC%% %
o-X&n
"O% P)oc - 26o~
:
;'SCOO"A
5
COO"
0 Hn4& II '5 % SO
PRP
COO"
COO"
COO"
8/12/2019 Amoco Process
83/83
5A&o TPAcan $ 2oa&th)o%3h a 1)oc .
o
To&%n
P)oc
CO
5~
6
'
-
C%O
(io-.a('c #7nth'(i(
Oxidation
C%,
P-&i$onnC%
P-c$~n
8TPA can 1)od%cd*)o 1)od%cd &ct)o&9in3a:%o%;h&o2&h%itionn'toc*o1noot$aicai%&t$odta)1h%thoa*&*at)oa)nt.In)t1)hthtain&o3n1iot)i&i(Ti&PitN*o8)' th % 0* coa& In th *%t%)