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Among the Peace OrganizationsSource: The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 77, No. 3 (MARCH, 1915), pp. 54-58Published by: World Affairs InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20667154 .

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54 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. March,

prohibition of the export of arms, ammunition, art?lery, vessels of war, armor plate, torpedoes, or any other thing designed to be used exclusively for military and naval pur poses from one country to another;

Fourth. The ultimate establishment of an international tribunal where any nation may be heard on any issue in

volving rights vital to its peace and the development of its national life, a tribunal whose decrees shall be enforced by the enlightened judgment of the world;

Fifth. The consideration of plans for the federation of the neutral nations in the adoption of rules and regulations which w?l provide for the neutralization of certain waters and maritime trade routes, and such other and further ac tion as shall insure, if possible, the peaceful maintenance and preservation of the sovereign rights of neutral com merce against dangers to which it is exposed through the

extraordinary conditions developed by the world's greatest war; and

Sixth. For such other and further action as may tend, however remotely, to estabUsh permanent world peace.

Resolved further, That the President be authorized to ap point commissioners to represent the United States at any such conference, whether called by the United States or any other nation.

Sec. 2. That in case such international peace conference shaU be called by the United States or any other nation the sum of $25,000 is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the expenses of the representatives of the United States at said conference.

America at the in a recent sermon, Eev. A. Eugene Cross-roads.

Bartlett, of All Souls' Church, Brook

lyn, N". Y., made an earnest plea for America to choose the right road in this crisis of her

history. He suggested seven ways in which the nation can be best defended and developed: (1) The army and

navy should not be increased. (2) Military training in

high school and college is unwise and should not be introduced. (3) Actual causes and cost of the present war should be clearly taught. (4) Plans for a world court must be perfected. (5) Money ought to be ap

propriated for actual purposes of peace, instead of for

so-called "insurance against war." International ex

change of students, lawyers, farmers?one way of break

ing down national prejudices. (6) Training our boys and girls to fight the real enemies of the Republic. (7)

Women must learn the menace of war and throw their

influence against it.

"America is at the cross-roads, about to decide whether she will take the road that leads back toward barbarism and defeat or the road that leads toward righteousness and peace and ultimate yictory. There is grave danger that we shall choose wrongly at this crisis, and not only burden ourselves, but bend the backs of children yet un

born, and deny our country the leadership of the nations which she might now easily secure."

Peace Work of The Federal Council of Churches of Federal Council Christ in America, through its various of Churches. . . , , , . , -.

commissions, has been doing most valu

able service for peace. Its work for better relations be

tween this country and Japan is well known, and the

peace mission undertaken by Dr. Shailer Mathews and

Dr. Sidney L. Gulick to the churches of Japan bids fair

to accomplish much in influencing public opinion. A

large delegation met the two ambassadors at Yokohama and escorted them to Tokio, where the Federated Churches of Japan welcomed them in a large public gathering. They have be?n received by Count Okuma and several Japanese officials, and the press has been

very cordial. The publication department of the coun cil has ready a volume entitled "A Report of an Investi

gation of the Japanese Situation in California," pre pared by Prof. H. A. Millis, of the University of Kansas.

Dr. Sidney L. Gulick has been chosen associate secre

tary of the Commission on Peace and Arbitration of the

Council, and has prepared a book on "The Fight for

Peace," in which he describes a world organization of the churches in the peace cause.

A set of Sunday School lessons on international peace has been prepared by Prof. Norman E. Richardson, of Boston University, under the direction of a joint com

mittee of the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Churches and the World Peace Foundation. These les sons are to be inserted in the regular Sunday School

quarterlies of the various denominations.

The council, through its administrative committee, is

corresponding with the church leaders of the warring nations, hoping to keep up the relations between the

churches of the various countries. A delegation will be

sent to Europe as soon as the time seems ripe to follow

up this work. These concerted efforts of church leaders are one of the most hopeful signs of the peace movement.

The Executive Director, Arthur Deerin Call, has dur

ing the month of February made a trip to Raleigh, N. C, where he attended the North Carolina State Peace Con vention and delivered two addresses. On February 27-28 he was in Chicago at the great conference under the auspices of the Emergency Federation of Peace Forces of Chicago, presiding at the Saturday afternoon general meeting and serving as a member of the Program Com mittee. He also has given three addresses in Washing ton, D. O, during the month: February 14, Mt. Pleasant

Congregational Church, address at the morning service on "Lessons of the War"; February 14, Brightwood Methodist Church, address at the evening service; Feb ruary 25, speech at a banquet in honor of Hon. Richard Bartholdt. He has planned several conferences and ad dresses in Louisiana in the month of April, to be fol lowed by a visit to Nashville, Tenn., for further organi zation of the work in that State.

Among the Peace Organizations. The New York Peace Society, in its earnest desire to

promote means by which the war may be ended and a

permanent peace secured, has appointed a plan-of-action committee, consisting of twenty-three of the officers and directors of the society. This committee feels that there is no need for it to urge upon our Government the

necessity for action, nor that it can with advantage make suggestions to the warring powers. It directs its

thought and effort to all possible means for crystallizing public opinion on the action which may be taken to end

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1915 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. 55

the war and on the conditions necessary to a lasting peace. Several strong documents have been issued, one to the members of the New York Peace Society itself, discussing the new conditions which favor a League of Peace and the various guaranties of peace; one entitled "an appeal in behalf of international law and public right," with resolutions calling for a conference of neu tral powers; one to the President of the United States, expressing to him the society's agreement with the views stated in his message. The latter appeal closes with these words:

"We are convinced that extraordinary additions at this time to our army or navy, or extraordinary agitation look

ing towards such additions, are inopportune, in that such ac tion would arouse intense suspicion as to our motives, would be thought to be hostile to some power, and might cost us much of our influence in behalf of a general disarming of

European nations at the close of the present war."

The organ of the International Peace Bureau at

Berne, The Peace Movement, which before the war was issued monthly in English, French, and German, has just sent out its concluding number for the year 1914, combining numbers 8 to 12, August to December, in the one issue. It contains much that is informing and valuable for reference. There is an editorial on the

war, an account of the activities of the bureau from the 28th of July up to -the present, including copies of all the telegrams sent on that day by the bureau to the heads of the governments, and the letter of M. La Fon taine to His Holiness Pope Benedict XV. There is a resume of the manifestos and documents sent out by several of the European peace societies, including M. La Fontaine's manifesto, which has already appeared in the columns of The Advocate of Peace. A touching tribute to the late Dr. Adolf Richter is contributed by Dr. L. Quidde. It is stated that Dr. Hans Wehberg has

resigned as editor of the German international law jour nal, Zeitschrift f?r V?lkerrecht, because of his position on certain questions regarding the war.

The monthly organ of the Dutch Peace Society, known as Vrede Door Recht, is hereafter to be edited by Mr. H. Van der Mandere, who has been for some time the secre

tary of the society, and was general secretary to the Universal Peace Congress at The Hague in 1913. Here tofore the editorial work has been in charge of a com

mittee of three persons, but the appointment of a single editor has been deemed advisable. The name of the

paper will continue the same, with the addition of an

explanatory phrase, which may be translated into Eng lish thus: "Peace through Justice" a monthly magazine dedicated to the advancement of interstate organization and to combat the war.

The following is the report of Mr. J. Augustus Cad

wallader, executive secretary of the Pennsylvania Arbi tration and Peace Society, to the board of directors of that society, February 1, 1915:

The month of January has seen unusual activity in the holding of meetings, some of them in connection with the movement among Friends in Philadelphia and

vicinity, the work for which was done in the offices of the society. Of these meetings there have been three in Philadelphia, and a number of meetings outside, among which may be counted the meeting at Atlantic

City, addressed by Dr. Hull, Mr. White, and Mr. Yar

nail, and the meeting at West Chester, addressed by Mr. White and Mr. Cadwallader. A large peace meeting was held in Doylestown, addressed by Dr. Thomas E.

Green, at which invitation to membership in the society was given. However, the results have not proved what

might have been expected, and a follow-up meeting, probably in some private home, may be necessary to cap italize the sentiment aroused. A small meeting of in terested persons was held in Lansdowne on the 22d, to discuss ways and means for the holding of a peace rally early in the following month. On January 25 Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence spoke for the society at a large meet

ing held as a part of the annual meeting, which was

quite well attended. The next night Mr. Yarnall and Mr. Cadwallader addressed a meeting at the Crozer

Theological Seminary at Chester, where there was an in terested audience, and at which an invitation to those

present to join in the work of the society was extended. While the interest of the people in the peace movement at this time is undoubted, for some reason they do not

respond to the invitation to membership, as is very much desired. However, the carrying on of the educa tional work is very important.

The addressing of invitations and carrying out the

preliminary work for these meetings occupied almost the full time of the office. The executive secretary, however, during the last four days of the month made a trip to Harrisburg and York, where he interviewed interested people and interested others in proposed peace

meetings to be held late in February or early in March. There seemed to be a very hearty response to the sug gestion of the executive secretary, and the interest of the

prominent men which has been enlisted should assure the success of whatever meetings we may hold, can the

proper speakers be secured. The increase in membership during the present

month has been twenty-three, but there is, of course, still a possibility that as a result of the work done dur

ing this month additional members may be secured in the future.

The statement of the views of the Pennsylvania Ar bitration and Peace Society upon the armament ques tion at this time has been mailed to all members of

Congress and to the President and his Cabinet, and there is being prepared in the office a letter to local

newspapers in Pennsylvania asking them to print the statement as a means of arousing a sentiment to safe

guard the interests of the country at this time.

Dr. Jay William Hudson, Professor of Philosophy in the University of Missouri and Director of the Educa tion Department of the Massachusetts Peace Society, presented the following "international program" at a

mass-meeting in Tremont Temple, Boston, February 7. This meeting, which was attended by about fifteen hun dred persons, was the first of a series of free public lec tures which Professor Hudson is giving on February Sunday afternoons in Boston:

Let the United States of America at once call a confer ence of all the neutral powers signatory to the Second

Hague Conference for the following purposes: 1. To offer mediation to the warring nations at as early

a time as seems favorable. 2. To confer with regard to the interests of all neutral

' nations during the European conflict, and thus create a unit

of powerful influence for the protection and safety of the

peoples not at war. (For this and for the further tasks to

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56 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. March, be named, this conference might well continue in session or within call until the close of the war.)

3. To discuss those vital problems of international rela tions connected with securing the future permanent peace of the world and to devise a definite constructive program.

4. To discuss the probable and possible terms of peace in

Europe, in so far as they will affect the neutral nations and the permanent peace of the world, and so far as possible to see to it that the terms of peace are not such as to create a situation which might lead to future war.

5. To plan for a conference of all nations, including those now at war, to meet at The Hague or elsewhere, as soon as

possible after the war is over and peace is concluded, to secure the following:

(1) The gradual but sure creation of an adequate inter national law as a rational basis of international order.

(2) An international tribunal' for the settlement of all international disputes.

(3) Universal disarmament.

(4) An international police to sanction and maintain the world order so long as any force anywhere attempts its defiance.

On January 28 the New York Peace Society held its annual meeting at the Hotel Astor, New York city. Mr.

Carnegie presided, and expressed his opposition to the

building of more battleships at the present time. The annual report was presented by Dr. Samuel T. Dutton, who is now the honorary secretary of the society.- In the evening, at Aeolian Hall, Senator Theodore E. Bur ton delivered an address under the auspices of the soci ety on the subject of the Panama Canal and what its effects will be on South America and world trade. The address appears in full in the February 15 issue of The Independent.

Mr. Frank F. Williams, writing of the centenary cele bration at Buffalo, N. Y., says:

"The very able chairman of the citizen's committee for the celebration, Mr. Fenton M. Parke, and his ex ecutive committee decided to make the occasion one of telling and lasting effect for peace through the churches and schools. A church committee was appointed, with Rev. Ernest Lynn Waldorf as chairman, which took charge of the arrangements for the Protestant churches, and a committee was named by Rt. Rev. Chas. H. Colton,

bishop of the diocese, to assist in arrangements for the Roman Catholic Church. Friday, February 12, Temple Beth Zion, the leading Jewish Church, observed the day with addresses and appropriate service, and on Sunday, February 14, heralded by press notices, posters in the street cars, and various announcements, large congrega tions attended special and inspiring services in prac tically all the churches. Protestant and Catholic alike observed the day with services of praise and thanksgiv ing, and in sermons called attention to the significance of the one hundred years of peace.

"Wednesday, February 17, was a special peace day in all the public, private, and parochial schools. Compre hensive programs prepared by the large centenary edu cational committee, of which Hon. Henry M. Hill is chairman, had been sent to all the schools through the hearty co-operation of Superintendent Henry P. Emer son, of the city educational department, and Director of Parochial Schools Father Gibbons, and were carried out with enthusiasm by teachers and pupils.

"Buffalo seems to have the honor of carrying out an entirely original and unique idea. The department of education and the centenary committee recommended

'

that, beginning with the celebration of the 17th of Feb

ruary and culminating with the observance of the 18th of May, there should be inaugurated a peace program to continue for the three months, with daily class-room emphasis of methods for preserving world concord with out forts, soldiers, or battleships. The appeal was signed by Superintendent Henry P. Emerson, and with it there were also sent out an outline program, a copy of the Bush-Bagot agreement, a brief on the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, and a peace hymn written by H. Pereira Mendes. The appeal contained these suggestive statements:

During these three months each school will have evolved a peace program of its own, and each child will have learned some of the important lessons to be learned from one hun dred years of peace?such as the fact that a treaty, backed by mutual faith, trust, and neighborliness, has kept peace for one hundred years. If it can do so along a boundary of 3,800 miles, is it not an object-lesson showing us how to keep peace along all boundary lines between all nations?

What it means to any two countries to have fear of one another eliminated from the lives of the people of each na tion, may give opportunities for many discussions and com positions.

By this celebration of a century of peace we have the great opportunity to show the world an international fron tier along which, after this treaty, forts have been trans formed into churches and factories, arsenals into workshops, and there have been substituted for the rivalries of war the rivalries of the arts of peace.

"For the institutions of higher education in Buffalo a program was arranged for Wednesday afternoon in the Hutchinson High School Hall, consisting of a pre lude by the school orchestra; remarks by Fenton M. Parke, chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand on the Celebration of One Hundred Years of Peace; peace songs by soloists, by D'Youville College Glee Club; addresses by prominent men, and orations and essays by students of the University of Buffalo, Canisius College, and D'Youville College. An audience of over one thousand assisted in making this the unique Buffalo college occasion of the century."

The Orlando (Florida) Peace Society is very active in its endeavors to arouse the interest of the Florida people in the peace cause. On February 4 the second annual meeting was held, following a dinner at the Osceola Hotel, at which 47 members were present. The speakers were the president, W. E. O'Neal; George Ab bott, Mrs. C. A. Dudley, and Mrs. Mattie B. Davis, who is their representative director on the board of the American Peace Society. The election of officers re sulted as follows: President, W. E. O'Neal; vice-presi dents, Mrs. C. D. Christ and W. S. Branch; secretary treasurer, Frank Smith. At the Orlando Mid-Winter Fair, which closed February 13, the Orlando Peace So ciety had a peace booth, attractively furnished with chairs, rugs, flags, pictures, and peace exhibits. The booth was in charge of Mrs. C. D. Christ, Mrs. Fred erick Bellows, Mrs. T. H. Fuller, and Mrs. Caldwell. An unusual feature, and one which excited much com ment, was an illustration of the contrasts of war and peace worked out after the relief-map idea, showing a peaceful village, and one that had been devastated by war. This was prepared by Miss Fries. Literature was distributed freely and much educational work for peace accomplished.

The executive committee of the Niagara Peace Society is engaged in promoting a campaign to bring about the

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1915 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. 67

establishment of a league of nations. A petition to

Congress has been prepared/called the "Declaration of

America/' and is being widely circulated in fifteen or more States, in order to secure large numbers of signers. A national board of trustees has been organized, con

sisting of bank presidents from five sections of the coun

try?California, Missouri, Illinois, New York, and Mas sachusetts?who will act as trustees of the funds raised for carrying out the plan. The declaration requests the President of the United States to invite all governments of the world to appoint delegates to assemble at Niagara Falls May 24 or as soon thereafter as is possible, for the

purpose of constituting a league of nations, "in which all military and naval forces may be united in order to

promote national safety and to facilitate the judicial settlement of international disputes." Among the pro posals outlined are the securing of an international

agreement to respect neutrality and sovereignty; the cre ation of a Hague treasury; the perpetuation of The

Hague conference as the legislative assembly of the

league; disarmament to the point where the league's combined forces shall be 100 per cent higher than those of the most heavily armed nations outside of the league; the maintenance of the combined forces of the league for defense under command of an executive council, with recourse to The Hague fund as provided for.

The annual meeting of the Commission on Peace and Arbitration of the Federal Council of Churches was held on February 1. Reports were received, a budget adopted, Dr. Sidney L. Gulick elected associate secretary, Dr. Chas. S. Macfarland elected as the commission's repre sentative to the American Peace Society, and a commit tee appointed to draw up a statement regarding the na tion's policy concerning armament. It was also voted that the committee of direction and the secretary co

operate at their discretion with movements of the Church Peace Union.

The American Group of the Interparliamentary Union at a meeting on February 24 elected Hon. James L.

Slayden, of Texas, president to succeed Hon. Eichard

Bartholdt, who retires from Congress at the close of the

present session. Mr. Bartholdt has been president of the group since its formation.

The Year Book of the American School Peace League for 1913-1914 is just at hand. It contains the annual

report of the executive committee, the report of the Sixth Annual Convention at St. Paul, the lists of State, county, and summer-school branches, as well as students' branches. There are included also two of the winning essays in the Seabury Prize Contest, besides a list of

peace literature, and the constitution of the league. State branches now exist in 42 States; there are 45

high and normal school branches, and 16 in county and summer schools. During the year several peace pageants have been presented, and are increasing in favor as a method of peace instruction in the schools. Mention is made of the "Course in Citizenship" prepared by a com mittee of the Massachusetts branch, and published by Houghton-Mifflin Company. The history committee is at work preparing a series of books for history study in the elementary schools.

The Oregon Peace Society has had prepared and

signed by leading State and city officials and prominent

citizens a resolution which has been sent to the Presi dent and Secretary of State. Instead of making it a

public petition, the society spared no pains to secure sig natures of leading men of the State, hoping thus to

accomplish better results. After preliminary state

ments, the resolution continues:

Resolved, That we hereby appeal to the President of the United States to renew his efforts in behalf of a speedy restoration of the blessings of peace among the great na tions now engaged in this fratricidal conflict, and to use the influence of the United States with those European and other powers not actively at war, to the end that no one of them join either side in support of its contention by force, but that each and aU of them rather unite in the work of

bringing about a speedy conclusion of existing hostilities and a restoration of peace and industry on an enduring basis.

Two new section societies have been formed during the

past month?the Cumberland Valley section of the

Pennsylvania Arbitration and Peace Society and the Hudson Peace Society as a section of the New York Peace Society.

A large number of the colleges and universities of the

country have observed the centenary of peace, some of them holding their meetings as near the 24th of Decem ber as they could; others observing the 17th of February. In many of the institutions the exercises took the form of orations and essays by the students and brief ad dresses by professors. In some there has been a public meeting, with a single prominent speaker. To Presi dent Charles F. Thwing and Prof. Stephen F. Weston; the president and secretary of the Intercollegiate Peace Association, is due no small credit for arousing interest among the colleges. A letter was drawn up by them and sent to more than five hundred institutions, suggest ing that it would be fitting for them to take steps to a

proper observance of the centenary, and as a result cordial responses were received from a large number.

Greetings to the women of the world have been sent out by the Norwegian Women's Peace Association, the

NorsJce Kvinders Fredsforbund, dated at Christiania, December, 1914. This association is affiliated with the National Council of Women of Norway. The greeting which follows is signed by the president, Eandi Blehr, and the secretary, Cl?re Mj?en:

The Norwegian Women's Peace Association, at a meeting held today, November 19, 1914, at the Nobelhouse, desires to send greetings to women throughout the world.

As citizens of a neutral country, far from the devasta tions of war, we have nevertheless a deep understanding of the horrors that follow in the wake of war.

Unable as we are to offer any assistance, we can only ex press our heartfelt sympathy with all the suffering and

despair now prevailing in the belligerent countries. We are convinced that those women all over the world

who are striving together to further great humane interests at a time like the present, must be filled with a desire to

uproot the political creed among the nations that leads to

violence, and of which we now witness such lamentable re sults.

The dogma of the necessity of wab must be oveb thbown.

Surely the day has arrived when "legalized warfare," which is in the strongest opposition to the ethical and in tellectual heights that civilized countries have for genera tions striven to attain, should give place to humane legisla tion for a peaceful settlement of international disputes.

At no time has the work for peace been of such im

portance and necessity as it will be in the immediate future. "A new world wherein dwelleth righteousness" is a prophecy

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58 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. March,

which especially we women must try to realize for the sake of coming generations.

We send you our sisterly greetings, hoping that the pres ent state of war, so disgraceful to mankind, may soon be

supplanted by peace and good will among the nations.

Brief Peace Notes. . . . The children's peace petition was presented to the

Secretary of State on February 23 by Miss Kate Dev ereux Blake, who was accompanied by a delegation of ladies. Arthur Deerin Call escorted the party and in troduced Miss Blake to Secretary Bryan. ^ The peti tion was borne by ten school girls of Washington. It will be sent through diplomatic channels to the rulers of the warring nations to whom it is addressed. ... The annual Berwick Peace Contest was held at

Leland Stanford Junior University on January 19. The prize is donated annually by Mr. Edward Berwick, of Pacific Grove, and amounts to fifty dollars. It is known as the Edward Berwick, Jr., prize, being named in honor of Mr. Berwick's son, who died while a student at Stanford. There were eight contestants on this occa sion, and the prize was given John Alfred Hanna for an address entitled "A Flank Attack on War." Mr. Hanna argued for the revision of all school text-books on the ground that the child is at present attracted to military things from the beginning. He advocated this revision in three distinct particulars: (1) By empha sizing the civil as against the military actions of men who have hitherto been known for military deeds only. (2) A greater emphasis upon the doings of men who

have been known only for their work in civil life. (3) The recognition of acts of heroism on the part of men who receive no notice whatever today.

At the annual Mid-Pacific Carnival, which was held at Honolulu, February 20-27, the opening event was a peace pageant, in which there were 1,500 active participants, presenting on the hillside a drama entitled "One Hundred Years of Peace," in celebration of the Centenary of Peace.

... In a recent letter, Hon. William Paine Sheffield, the newly-elected president of the Rhode Island Peace Society, makes these remarks:

We underestimate the great advance in peace that has been made in the presence of this awful European cata clysm. Originally the feudal system with its petty warfare was superseded by the "Peace of the King," and modern nations arose. In the last century the United States, with its federated republics; the British Empire, with the growth of its dependencies in South Africa, Egypt, etc., is a great peace movement. Even the German Empire itself (if you look back on the Thirty Years' War and the petty states of north and south Germany less than one hundred years ago) is a great and permanent peace movement. . . . Civili zation marches toward organization of the world and toward peace with rapid strides; not rapid enough for some of us, who would thoughtlessly ignore human nature.

Our especial work is in North and South America. . . . It ought to be possible so to extend the science of interna tional law on this continent as to establish a high court of justice for the solving of the international problems of

North and South America. ... I do not mean that we are to be indifferent to the solution of European peace problems, but helpful and ready to assist when called upon; but we may be able by Pan-Americanism or some other form of "ism" to work out an example to assist in the ultimate peace of the world.

. . . Mrs. John Miller Horton, of Buffalo, N. Y., was

appointed by the mayor of Buffalo as chairman of the Women's Committee for the Celebration of the Hundred Years of Peace. At a celebration on Christmas Eve by the Scottish Rite Masons, Mrs. Horton was the guest of

honor, and Hon. Peter A. Porter, president of the re

cently organized Niagara Peace Society, was one of the

speakers.

. . . The permanent organization of the Women's Peace

Party has been finally completed, and the headquarters at 116 South Michigan avenue, Chicago, occupied by the executive secretary, Mrs. William I. Thomas, and the

treasurer, Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge. Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead has been chosen secretary and Mrs. Glen dower Evans national organizer. Large mass-meetings for the organization of branches have been held in New York, Boston, Cleveland, St. Louis, and other cities, and many local circles have already been formed.

. . . "In the Vanguard" has now reached its seventh edition in the library series, and there have been several issues of the school edition. This is an unusual degree of success for a work only about two years old, and indi cates the remarkable influence it is exerting throughout the nation.

. . . Mrs. V. D. Morse, of Ithaca, N. Y., calls attention to the public peace meeting recently held at the Univer sity Club on the campus of Cornell University, which was attended in large numbers by both town and gown. Dr. Andrew D. White and others spoke. It is expected that further meetings will be called to awaken general interest in peace among nations.

. . . Dr. David Starr Jordan, chairman of the Peace Committee of the World's Insurance Congress, has chosen the following members of that committee: An drew Carnegie, William Jennings Bryan, Miss Jane Addams, Henry B. Hawley, Prof. Edw. B. Krehbiel, Prof. Ira W. Howerth, Pres. W. T. Poster, Albert G. Bryant, Pres. Ernest M. Nichols, Pres. John C. Branner, Hon. John Barrett, W. L. Hathaway, and Senator Theo dore E. Burton. October 8 has been set aside as Peace Day at the World's Insurance Congress. It has been recommended that underwriters' associations, covering all branches of the insurance profession throughout the world, at once pass suitable resolutions in favor of per manent peace and forward copies to Dr. Jordan that they may be prepared for presentation at this Peace Day celebration. Andrew Carnegie, in accepting his appoint ment as a member of the Peace Committee, wrote: "I am glad to know that insurance interests are co-operating with the men of peace. Insurance brings peace and prevents ruin to innumerable lives and homes."

. . . There was formally organized, on January 4, in Boston, by the World Postal League a movement for bringing about a federation of the world through the establishment of an international postal service and the unification of the systems of communication throughout the world. Mr. James L. Cowles, of Washington, D. C, is president and treasurer of the World Postal League, Mr. Demarest Lloyd, of Boston, secretary and assistant treasurer, and the vice-presidents are Hamilton Holt,

William F, Gude, and Hon. Steven B. Ayres.

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