Acetazolamide(ACTZ), 30, 156 Acid
base
INDEX
homeostasis and phosphate, 187-196, 265-267
determination of titratable, 79 Acidification disorders of renal
tubule, 190, 193 Acidosis
luminal, 135 metabolic
acute, 167-169, 172, 192, 263-279, 282
chronic, 168, 515-522 renal, tubular, 191, 453 respiratory, 113-115 uremic, 283
Acromegaly, 598 ACTH, 529-534, 581 Actinomycin D, 71 ACTZ, see Acetazolamide Adenine nucleotides, see
Nucleotide Adenosine disphosphate, see
ADP Adenosine monophosphate, see
AMP Adenosine triphosphate, see
ATP Adenylate cyclase(AC), 6, 145,
201, 523-541, 625-634 Adipocyte, 198 ADP, 324, 331 Alanine, 29, 83 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 496 Alcoholics
phosphorus-depleted, 343
661
Alkaline phosphatase, see Phosphatase, alkaline
Alkalosis, 135, 167-172, 275 metabolic, steady-state, 169 respiratory, 114
Allopurinol, 448, 449, 456-460 Amer ican diet
changes since 1910, 441 Amino acid, see individual
amino acid p-Aminohippuric acid(PAH), 27,
356 3-Amino-1-hydroxypropane-1,
1-diphospphonate, 299 3-Amino-L-hydroxypropylidene-1,
1-biphosphonate, 220, 223
Amonium excretion, 78 product ion, 195
Ammonium chloride, 193, 273-274 AMP, 4, 6,7, 18,70,107, 145,
347, 354-357, 384, 385, 479, 523, 534, 582,588, 590, 625-634
Anesthetic agents inducing hypocalcemia in rat
chloral hydrate, 495 ethanol, 495, 500 methanol, 495 urethane, 495
Anion excretion, 137 Apatite crystals, 557, 563 Arginine, 229-237 Asthenia, 313 Atomic absorption spectrophoto
meter, 183
662
ATP, 177, 180-183,243,244, 324, 331, 372
ATPase, 371-379, 571 Azathioprine, 250
Bed rest, immobilized, 599 Benzothiodiazine, 371 Bicarbonate, see Sodium
bicarbonate Bile acid, fecal, 199 Biphosphonate, see Diphosphonates Bladder stone, see Stones Blood
acid-base homeostasis, 265-267 coagulation, 604
Bone, 547-659 atrophy, 598 biopsy, 301, 306 calcification, 563-577 changes, 559 collagen in, 557 crystals, 568 disease
and renal disease, 615-623 vitamin D metabolite,
615-623 formation, osteoblastic,
220, 555 histomorphometry, 305-306 histology, 306 hyperremodelling, 307 matrix, 551 mineralization, 557, see
calc if icat ion mechanism of, 557-559
osteomalacia, 549-562 powder, 568 quantitative aspects, 301 resorption, 220, 299, 580
factors in vitro 580 hyper-, 307 osteoclastic, 579-596
scan, 305 surface, 551 turnover, 551-553, see Osteo
Booster theory of calcification, 568-569
Brain electrolyte, 289 hyperosmolality, acute, 184
INDEX
Breathing, negative pressure (NPB) , 100
Brush-border membrane, renal, 69-76, see Membrane
Brushite, 457, 567
Calcitonin, 44, 72, 129-l34, 300,357,528,534, 581, 583, 588, 589, 609, 628, 630
Calcif icat ion booster theory, 568-569 crystal aggregation, 572 inhibition theory, 570-572 mechanism, 563-577 merphology, 565-566 nucleation theory, 569-570 phase transformation,
566-568 see Mineralization
Calcium, 42, 121, 122,289, 307, 353, 405, 407, 412, 474, 564
absorption, intestinal, 369-379, 391-397, 478, 480, 495, 645
hyper -, 470, 479 mechanism, 39
binding protein(CBP), 417-424 biosynthesis, 417-418 clearance, 168, 169 dietary, 199, 600, 602 duodenal transport, 495 and estrogen, 605 excretion, 164, 516
after nephrectomy, 159-166 renal, 377
flux age, 373, 375 intestinal, 377 segments, 373, 375 transmucosal, 371-379
homeostasis, 600, 658 hyperabsorption, intestinal,
470, 479 in hyperuricemia, 470 ionophoresis, 586 in kidney, concentration of,
211 and lipid metabolism, 197
INDEX
Calcium (continued) loss from demineralized bone,
586 during orbital space-flight
(Skylab, U.S.A.), 598 malabsorption, 394 metabolism, abnormal, 168,
197-208 mobilization from bone, 645 nephrolithiasis, 427 nutritional factor
failure to maintain calcium balance, 599
in plasma, 251 ca x P product, 281-287, 292 phosphorus relationship,
393-394, 601 radioactive, 636, 639 reabsorption, 107, 520 release from bone, 635-643 renal handling of, 1-172 in serum, 58, 59, 141, 152,
224 status, 417 stone formers, 427-437, 440,
476, 477, 480, 607 treatment, 451-465
supplementation, 607-610 and fracture of vertebra,
607-608 tolerance test, 479 transport, 37-40, 45, 234,
318, 385 diuretics, 371 intestinal, 394 transepithelial, 386
urolithiasis, 452, 454, 455 Calcium carbonate
in renal failure, 281-287 in serum
ca x P product, 281-287 creatinine, 281-287
therapy, 283 in treatment of uremic
acidosis, 283 Calcium chloride, 273-274 Calcium oxalate, 474, 477, 572
absorption test, 479 crystal growth, 443, 449
inhibited, 447, 478
Calcium oxalate (continued) dihydrate, 478
663
and heparin, 478 hyperabsorption, intestinal,
453 monohydrate, 445, 477 nephrolithiasis, 439-450 renal stones, recurrent,
477, 479 supersaturation, 454, 455 urolithiasis, 439
Calcium phosphate crystals, 566, 570, 572
Calcium x phosphorus product, 281-287, 292
in blood, 292 and creatinine, 284 in serum, 281-287
Calciuresis, 165 Calvarium, paired samples, 636 Carbon dioxide
formation, 189 urinary, 189
Carbonic anhydrase, 478 Carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl
hydrazone, 383 Carboxy-terminal fragments of
glomerular filtration, 487 tubular reabsorption, 487
y-Carboxyglutamate, 570 Carcinoma, 598 Cardiomyopathy
and phosphorus depletion, 343-350
Cardiovascular disease and water hardness, 197
Cartilage, 565-566 mineralization, mechanism
of, 557-559 Cat
nephron, 67-68 phosphate transport, 67-68
Catecholamine, 348 Cell
incubation, 400 preparation, 399 pressure, osmotic, 175-186 viability, 400
Cerebrospinal fluid calcium in, 291, 294, 295
664
Cerebrospinal fluid (continued) divalent ions in, 281-297
Chicken, 381-390, 523-536, 645-659
intestine, 399-404 jejunum, 383, 386 kidney, 523-536 parathyroid gland, 646 phosphate deprivation, 335-341 plasma membrane, renal,
524-532 vitamin D, role of, 335-341
Chloral hydrate, 495 Chlor id e ion, 183
concentration, 139 reabsorption, 126 transport, 46
Chloridometer, 183 Chloroquine, 588, 591 Chlorothiazide and phosphaturia,
155-157 Cholesterol in serum, 200-203 Choline chloride, 29 Cimetidine, 505-514
one of the 100 most often prescribed drugs, 511
Citric acid, 571, 572 Clearance
data, 114, 119 studies, 155
Colchicine, 588 Collagen, 557, 560, 569
fibrils, 566, 570 Collagenase, 3 Contrast test, 301 Correlation coefficient, 16 Contransport of two sodium
ions with one phosphate ion, 15
Creatinine, 180,181,211,214, 224, 251, 407
calcium carbonate effect, 281-287
c~earance, 150, 249, 251, 283 354, 364
renal failure and, 281-287 Creatinuria, 313 Crystalluria, see Stone formers Cytochalasin B, 388
INDEX
Death rate and water hardness, 198
1,25-Dehydrotachysterol, 281 Demethylchlortetracycline, 301 Dentine, 510 Desoxycorticosterone, 165
acetate salt, 160 Diabetes, 598 Dibucaine, 383 Dichloromethylidene-1,
1-biphosphonate, 219 Diet
American, changes since 1910, 441
synthetic phosphorus, low, 336, 339,
341, 392 phosphorus, normal,
336, 392 vitamin D, deficient,
336, 339, 341, 392 Dietary intake
of phosphate, 33 of purine, 440
excessive, 440 Dinitrophenol, 6, 7 Diphenylhydantoin, 588 Diphosphonates, 18, 219-227,
299,309, 456, 457, 556, 571, 609
Disodium{3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-l, 1-biphosphonate
pharmacology, 219-227 Disodium dichloromethylene
diphosphonate and Paget's disease of the
bone, 299-309 Disodium EDTA, 496 Disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,
1-diphosphonate, 457 Diuretic, 371-379
organic, 43 osmot ic, 43, 44 transport of divalent ions,
371 see individual compounds
Dog, 41, 117-124, 290, 343, 361, 647
INDEX
Dog (continued) acidosis
acute, metabolic, 263-279 chronic, 515-522
bicarbonate and nephron, 135-143
clearance experiments, 506 hyperalimented, 323-334 hypophosphatemic, 323-334 micropuncture studies, 141 nephron and bicarbonate,
135-143 underf ed, 328 uremic, chronic, 507-509
Dunnett's test one-way analysis of varaince,
393 Eadie-Hofstee kinetic plot, 16 Echocardiogram, 100 ECVE, see Fluid volume,
extracellular EGF, see Growth factor,
epidermal Egg-laying and vitamin D, 649 Electrolyte
in blood, 289 in brain, 289 in cerebrospinal fluid, 289 excret ion, 159, 162 intestinal, 406
Electron probe microanalysis, 25
Endotoxin, bacterial, 30, 583, 585
Epinephrine, 201 Escape phenomenon from
calcitonin inhibit ion, 581
Estrogen therapy for postmenopausal
osteoporosis, 604, 606 Ethacrynic acid, 43, 371,
374-376 Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,
1-diphosphonate, 556 Ethanol, see Alcohol
dehydrogenase as anesthetic agent, 495, 500 and calcium, 500-501
Ethanol (continued) and magnesium, 500
66S
and parathyroid hormone, 502 Ether as anesthetic agent,
355, 496
Fatty acid free, fecal, 199
Fibrosis, endosteal, 618, 620 Filtration
glomerular, 487 -reabsorption system, 41
Fistula, artificial arteriovenous, 159
Flight orbital (Skylab, U.S.A.), 598
Fluid volume expansion, extracellular, 93-105
Fluxes, 382 Foxhound, 323, 325 Furosemide, 38, 43, 371,
374-376
Glomerular filtration, 487 Glomerulonephritis
chronic, induced, 213-214 Glucagon, 583 Glucocorticoid, 582 Glucose, 82, 88, 175, 179, 384
in blood, 267-273 in jejunum of chick, 385 transport, 13, 18, 71, 72 and valinomycin, 13
y-Glutamyltransferase, 70 Glycerol release, 201 Glycogen, 343-350
in heart muscle, 345-346 phosphorus-depleted rat,
345-346 metabolism in cardiomyopathy,
343-350 pathway, 347 phosphorylase, 344-346 synthetase, 344-346
Glycogenolysis, 348 Glycoprotein, 478 Glycosaminoglycan, 478, 569,
572
666
Growth factor, epidermal, 583 hormone, 108, 109
Harmaline, 383 Heart failure, congestive
chronic, corrected by phosphorus, 313
reversible, 343 Hemodialysis, 249, 510, 512
chronic, 249, 506 Hemolysis, 276 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation,
78 Henle's loop, 37-40, 43 Hen, see Chicken Heparin inhibits calcium
oxalate, 478 Hill plot, 526
of steady-state binding, 527 Histomorphometry of bone,
305-306 Homeostasis, 187-196
acid-base, 187, 192, 265-267 of calcium, 658 of phosphate, 361-368
depelet ion, 192 of phosphorus, 658
Hormone and calcium regulation, 579-582 cleavage of intact, 486 metabolism, 474 natriuretic, 102 superfusion of, 131 systemic, 582 see individual hormones
Human subject, 290, 361 end-stage kidney, 215 experiments in, 506 volunteers, 93
Hydrochloric acid, 194, 267 Hydrochlorothiazide, 371, 375,
376 Hydrogen, 586
and carbon dioxide formation, 189
Hydroxyapatite, 219, 563-568 S-Hydroxybutyric acid, 263 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, 402
INDEX
1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-biphosphonate, 219
Hydroxyproline, 220, 224, 479 excretion, 223 urinary, 300-303
25-Hydroxyvitamin D- 1 a-hydroxylase, 353
Hyp gene in mouse, 2, 351, 352, 356
Hyperadrenocorticism (Crushing's Disease), 598
Hyperalimentation CPK activity during, 327 and hypophosphatemia,
induced, 332 without phosphorus, 331 and phosphorus deficiency in
skeletal muscle, 323 and rhabdomyolysis, 331 serum phosphorus during,
324, 326 Hypercalcemia, 41-48, 289-297,
335,341,427 Hypercalciuria, 335, 427,452,
515-522 and acidosis, metabolic,
chronic, 515, 519 f arnilial, 480 without hypercalcemia, 199,
427 with hypophosphatemia, 427,
430 idiopathic, 427-437, 440, 443 marginal, 440 parathyroid hormone in, 515 and stone formers, 435, 452
Hypercapnia, 113-115 Hypercholesteremia, 199 Hyperkalemia, 80 Hyperlipoproteinemia, 203 Hypermagnesemia, 41-48, 55, 60
and phosphate homeostasis, 55-59
Hyperosmolality, acute, 184 Hyperosteoclastosis, 299 Hyperosteoidosis, 549, 551 Hyperoxaluria, 452, 479
INDEX
Hyperparathyroidism, 117, 151-153, 188, 225, 427, 430, 431, 435, 440, 479, 507, 515, 553, 598, 616
primary, 146, 149, 435 in renal failure, 152 post-surgical, 146 secondary, 431, 435, 453, 616,
635 Hyperphosphatemia, 56, 57, 122,
150, 289-297 chronic, 249-254
Hypertension, 210 and immunosuppression, 210
Hyperthyroidism, 598 Hyperuricemia, 440, 469, 470 Hyperuricosuria, 439-450, 452,
477 and calcium stones, 440, 447,
449, 478 purine-induced, 477
Hyperverifilat ion , 188 Hypocalcemia, 282, 304, 392,
495, 500 ethanol-induced, 500 and renal failure, chronic,
635 Hypophosphatemia, 55, 188, 192,
249, 253, 323, 331, 332, 335, 341, 351, 352, 358, 427, 429, 431
in kidney transplantation, 249-261
pathogenesis, 255-261 persistent, 256
Hypophysectomy, 108 Hypoxanthine, 243
Infarction, myocardial correlation with Vitamin D,
198 Inhibition theory of calcifica
tion, 570-572 Immunosuppression
prevents hypertension, 210 treatment, 250
Insulin, 81,175,179,188,529 in blood, 267-273 metabolism, 348 release, 202
667
Insulin (continued) arginine-induced, 229-237
Intestine lactate deficiency, 600 mucosa, 371-379 plasma membrane, 371-379 sac, proximal everted, 399 small, 371-379
Intralipid R, 202, 204 Inulin, 89
clearance, 264, 267 space, 4
Iodoacetate, 244-247 Ion
divalent, 289-297 transport in phosphorus
def ic iency, 331 Ionomycin, 587 Isotope, radioactive, 25
Jejunum of chicken, 385 perfusion, 406 transport, 408, 410, 412
Kidney disease, 209, 215 in dog, 117-124 failure and calcium carbonate
effects, 281-287 human, 93, 290, 361, 506
end-stage, 215 medullary sponge, 440 necrograft and hypophosphatemia,
255-261 and parathyroid hormone, 488,
491 in rat, 129-134 remnant, 118, 120 stones, 427, 468, 470 transplantation, 250
and hypophosphatemia, chronic, 249-254
see Renal
Lactic acid, 263 in blood, 267-273
Leucinaminopeptidase, 70 Lidocaine, 588
668
Lifeguard in Israel, 467-472 nephrolithiasis in, 467-472
effect of hot weather on, 467-472
Limb thick, ascending, 37, 41 thin, descending, 39
Linear regression analysis, 14 Lipase, 198, 201 Lipid, 570
metabolism, 197-208 Lipolysis, 198 Lipoprotein, 198
catabolism, 204 Lithium, 586 Liver, 488-489
and parathyroid hormone, 489, 491
phosphorus content, 325 Loop of Henle, 37-40, 43
Magnesium, 353, 371, 386 body stores, 41-48 depletion, 51, 54, 55 excret ion, 42, 61 homeostasis, 60 metabolism, 358 and parathyroid hormone, 41-48 and phosphate metabolism,
51-66 reabsorption, 45 renal handling of, 171-172 in serum, 62 transport, renal, 41-48 urinary excretion, 42, 61
Magnesium chloride, 56, 58 Magnesium oxide treatment, 461 Magnesuria, 59-60
and phosphate depletion, 62-63 Malachite green micromethod, 393 Maltase, 70 Mann-Whitney test, 301 Mannitol as diuretic, 42-43 Matrix vesicle, 557, 560, 566,
569, 571 Mean death rate and water
hardness, 198 Meat
acids, metabolic, in, 443
INDEX
Meat (continued) high intake and increased
urinary calcium, 601 high sulfur content, 477
Membrane, renal brush-border, 69-76
isolat ion, 11-12 phosphate transport across,
11-23 vesicles, 19
Membrane potentials resting, 315 short-circuited, 13
Menopause in woman, 604 Mercurial as diuretic, 43 Metabolic acidosis, see Acidosis Metabolic myopathy, see Myopathy Metastability, 478 Methanol, 495 Methoxy-3H-inulin, 84 Microinfusion
in thyroparathyroidectomized rat, 130
Microperfusion, 135 apparatus, 84
Micropuncture, 136-138 data, 114, 119 studies, 26, 37, 141
Microvillus, 69 Microwave kills mouse, 183 Mineral
deposition, 557 trace -, 351-359
Mineralization of bone, 557-559 chemicals in, 563-565 inhibition, 219 see calcium, calcification
Mitochondrion, 569 Monosodium urate
urinary supersaturation, 454 Mouse, 183, 184
diabetic, 184, 185 hyperosmolality in, 184 hypophosphatemic, 351-359 killing with microwaves, 183
Muscle cell dysfunction, 319
INDEX
Muscle cell (continued) phosphorylation potential,
323-334 phosphorus content, 325, 329 sodium content, 331
Mucosa flux measurements across, 372
Myeloma, Multiple, 598 Myopathy
electrochemical, 331 hypophosphatemic, 313-321
and sarcoplasmic reticulum, 313-321
Natriuresis, 93-105 Nembutal, 344, 496 Neoplasm, endometrial, 604 Norland-Cameron technique on
the radius, 602 Nephrectomy
acute unilateral, 159, 162, 164, 165
calcium excretion in the dog, 159-166
phosphate excretion in the dog, 159-166
Nephroliathis and calcium, 427 and calcium oxalate,
hyperuricosuric, 439-450 in Israeli lifeguards, 467-472 and phosphate, 425-482 and uric acid overproduction,
458 see Stone former
Nephron, 156, 195 and bicarbonate, 135-143 distal, 188, 199 heterogeneity, 67-68 phosphate reabsorption, 26 phosphate transport, deep-
role, 67 terminal, 90
Nephrotic syndrome, 615-616 and vitamin D deficiency, 616
Nerve growth factor, 583 Nucleation
calcification theory, 569-570 heterogenous, 569
Nucleotide, 186, 243, 247, 331, 355
cyclic, 351-359
Octocalcium phosphate, 565, 567, 568
Orthophosphate, 456, 459, 461 Osmoles, idiogenic, 181, 186 Osmotic pressure, 180 Osteoblast, 223, 551, 552,
558, 565 depression of function, 598 number, 559 surface density, 551
669
Osteoclast, 223, 558, 565, 581 activating factor, 583, 585 and bone resorption, 618 inhibition, 219
Osteodystrophy, 619 renal, 553, 645
Osteogemesic imperfectatarda, 598
Osteoid, 552, 616 deposition, 550 disappearance, 656 formation by sodium fluoride,
607 mineralization, 550, 656 to osteoblast ratio, 554, 555 seams, 550 surface, 550 values, 550 volume, 550-552, 559
Osteoidosis, 549 Osteolytic bone disease, 226 Osteomalacia, 307, 549-562, 598
appositional, 556, 560 bone disease, 358 classif icat ion, 553-556 criteria, 550 definition, 549, 559 dynamic, 549, 553 histological, 549 and osteodystrophy, renal, 619 osteoid accumulation, 550 phosphate-induced, 307 in renal failure patients, 616 substitutional, 560 toxic effect on bone cells, 225
670
Osteomalacia (continued) turnover, 553 vitamin D-deficient, 557
Osteon, 549 Osteopenia, 597 Osteoporosis, 222, 225, 226,
479, 555, 602 and associated diseases,
listed, 598 cryptic genic, 221 def init ion, 597 management, 597-613 postmenopausal, 604
Ouabain, 6, 7, 39
Paget's disease of bone, 221-223, 226, 556, 558
and phosphonates, 241, 299-309 PAR, see p-Aminohippuric acid Paralysis, 598 Parathyrin, 129-134 Parathyroid, 203
adenoma, 304, 505 extract, infusion of, 69 function, 149, 150 gland, 332
in chicken, 646 hormone(PTR), 3, 6,7, 18, 27,
32, 44, 54, 72, 107, 113, 117, 135, 159, 167, 168, 201, 252, 289-297, 332, 353, 405, 417, 429, 478, 483-545, 579, 589, 606, 616
and adenylate cyclase, 523-536
in chicken kidney, 523-536 and cimetidine, 505-514 and ethanol loading, 495-504 excess, 479 fragment, 485, 641 and hypercalciuria, 515-522
immunoreactive, 485-494, 505, 524
infusion, 167-172 and magnesium, 41-48 metabolism, 486-491
hepatic uptake, 488-490 renal uptake, 486-488 skeletal uptake, 491
INDEX
Parathyroid (continued) phosphaturic action, 145-154,
354 renal cort ical act ivity, 627 renal receptor, 537-545 transport, 367 in uremia, chronic, 505-514
in response, 303 Parathyroidectomy, 117,455,456,
625 in patients with renal failure,
486 in rats, 537-545
Pentobarbital, 160, 264, 324, 372 see Sodium pentobarbital
Peptic ulcer ulcer disease, 505 Peptide hormone, 625-634 Phloridzin, 29, 83-87 Phosphatase, alkaline, 16, 20, 21,
70-73, 220-223, 252, 300, 302, 303, 382, 569, 571
Phosphate, 84-86, 187-196, 353, 402,403,407, 564
absorption, intestinal, 369-424 acid-base homeostasis, 187-196 balance, 283 as buffer, urinary, 187-188 and carbon dioxide, urinary,
188-192 deficiency, 192 deletion syndrome, 239 depletion, 192, 195 deprivation, 335-341 determination, methods for, 78 diffusion potential, 13 excretion, 84, 102, 335
after nephrectomy, 159-166 in fasting adult, 429 flush, 229 gradient, 12, 13 handling, renal, 1-172 homeostasis, 117, 173-309 hypercalciuria, idiopathic,
427 -437 insulin secretion, 234 in kidney of dog, 117-124 and lipid metabolism, 197 load, oral, 363-366 magnesium metabolism, 51-66
INDEX
Phosphate (continued) metabolism, 197 -208
lipid, 197 magnesium, 51-66
nephrolithiasis, 425-482 organic, 239 pH, 14 in plasma, 239-248, 251 pump, 381, 388, 405 reabsorption, 26-27, 31, 77-88,
125, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138, 478
in red blood cell, 239-248 in renal failure, 405-416 renal function and,
restriction, 209-218 renal handling, 1-172 renal reabsorption, 103 renal transport across brush
border membrane, 11-23, 357, 403
renal tubule uptake, 3-9, 25-35
restriction and renal function, 209-218, 281
retention, 153 in serum, 257 sodium-dependent transport,
11-23 transport, 14, 20, 27, 32, 67,
68,77, 125,383,385, 388, 399, 414, 478
intestinal, 381-390 regulation, 32-33 in renal brush border
membrane, 11-23 sodium-dependent, 11-23, 384,
414 transepithelial, 11 tubular, 53, 107-111, 125-127
uptake, 3-9, 13, 19, 25-35 83-88
uptake, 3-9, 13, 15, 19, 25-35, 83-88, 399-404
mechanism, 402 and vitamin D interaction,
391-397 Phosphaturia, 93-105, 113-115,
135, 164, 275, 354
Phosphaturia (continued) and acidosis, respiratory,
113-115 and chlorothiazide, 155-157 and hypercapnia, 113-115 and parathyroid hormone,
145-154 Phosphocitrate, 571 Phosphodiesterase, 626
3 J, 5 t-GMP - , 70 Phosphokinase, 325 Phospholipid of membrane, 317 Phosphorylase, 344, 347, 348 Phosphorylase kinase, 347 Phosphorylation
671
in muscle cell, 323-334 potentials, 324, 331
Phosphorus. 276, 290, 295, 474, 635
acid-base status of blood, 265-267
and acidosis, acute, 263-279 bone content and parathyroid
hormone, 325 clearance, 168 deficiency in dog, 323-334 depletion
and asthenia, 313 and cardiomyopathy, 343-350 and creatinuria, 313 and glycogen metabolism,
343-350 and muscle pain, 313
determination, 79 distribution, 324 handling, renal, 1-172 homeostasis, 69, 658 jejunal transfer, 408 parathyroid hormone and bone
content, 325 in plasma, 265-267 reabsorption, tubular, 107,
251 in red blood cell, 239-240 restrict ion, 213 in serum, 61, 277. 395 supply, 109 tolerance, 362-363
672
Phosphorus (continued) transfer
intestinal, 382 tubular, 107,251
translocation, mucosal, 383 transport, 72, 73, 107, 384,
385, 389 tubular
adapt at ion, 109 reabsorption, 107
uptake, 4, 401 Piglet, 372 Pituitary gland, 108, 109 Plasma
biochemistry, 409 calcium, 251 creatinine, 251, 407 hyperosmolality, acute, in
mouse, 184 membrane, basal, 372 phosphate, 251 phosphorus during acute
acidosis, 276 vitamin D, 252
Poly-I-lysine, 581 Postmenopausal woman, 597, 601 Potassium, 175
excretion, urinary, rate of, 77
infusion, 79 loading, 80
and effect on phosphate transport, 77
movement, 175-186 and phosphate transport
aft er load ing, 77 and urinary pH, 77
Prednisone, 250 Propranolol, 588 Prostacyclin, 585 Prostaglandin, 29, 583 Prostaglandin endoperoxidase,
585 Protein, 344
and calcium-binding, 382, 417-434
determination, 538 by the method of Lowry
et al., 4
INDEX
Protein (continued) high intake increases urinary
calcium, 601 kinase, 347, 348 myofibrillar, 324
Proteoglycan, 572 Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 201 Pseudovitamin D deficiency, 352 Pyrophosphate, 457, 570-572
excret ion, 454 inorganic, 570 theory, 571
Rabbit nephron, 25 phosphate transport, 125-127
Radioimmunoassay, 497, 538 Rat, 41, 77-82, 95, 220, 314,
344,361,391-397, 495-504, 537-545, 625-643
calcium-binding protein, 417-424
diet, magnesium-deficient, 42 phosphorus-low, 210
magnesium-deficient, 42, 45 membrane, renal tubular,
538, 543 nephron, 42 pancreas, 229-237 phosphate-depleted, 193 phosphate reabsorption, 77-82 phosphaturia, 51, 54 phosphorus-low diet, 210 renal failure, chronic, 405-416 thyroparathyroidectomy, 42,
89-91 tubule, proximal, 83-88
Reabsorption, 41, 487 Remnant kidney, see Kidney Renal, 69, 384
acidification, 190, 193 acidosis, 167, 440 adenylate cyclase, cortical,
627-629 brush border membrane,
vesicles of, 17 calcium leak, 431, 435
INDEX
Renal (continued) disease
advanced, 598 and bone, 615-623 end-stage, 209 and vitamin D metabolites,
615-623 disorders, 190, 193, 429-431 failure, 117, 149, 150, 153,
253,281-297, 615-623 acute, 313 c hr on ic, 146, 149, 151 early, 152 end-stage, 506, 510 hemodialysis, 242, 510 and parathyroid hormone,
405-416 progression, 282
index of, 285 in rat, 405-416
function impaired, 145-154 loss, total, 209 normal, 145-154 and parathyroid hormone,
145-154 insufficiency, 506
chronic, 559 lithiasis, infected, 475 osteodystrophy, 281, 615, 619 phosphorus, 122
leak, 259, 435 plasma membrane in chicken,
524-532 stone formation, 429, 431,
477-479 transplantation, 255-256, 488 tubule, 7, 108, 170
disorders, 190, 193, 453 perfusion, 25
see Kidney Resorption activity in serum,
583 Reticulum, sarcoplastic, 313-321 Rhabdomyo1ysis, 313, 319, 331 Rickets, 351, 362, 570
Sarcoidosis, 440 Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 313-321
Scat chard analysis of binding data, 526-527
"Senile", 597 Serum
normal, 636, 639 uremic, 636, 639, 640
Signed rank test, 301 Skylab orbital flight, 598 Sodium, 42, 405, 407, 410
excret ion, 101 gradient, 13 handling, renal, 101, 103 and phosphate transport,
11-23, 384 reabsorption, 126 renal handling, 101, 103 transport, 414
and diuretics, 371 see Natriuresis
Sodium bicarbonate, 30, 113, 135-143,156,190
administration, 520 Sodium cellulose phosphate,
455, 456, 459 Sodium chloride, superfusion,
132
673
Sodium fluoride, 607, 609, 610 side-effects, 608 stimulation of osteoblastic
bone formation, 555 Sodium hydrogen urate crystals,
443-445 Sodium pentobarbital, 160 Sodium urate, 477 Stanozolol, 609 Statistical methods, 4, 14, 16,
301 contrast Scheffe test, 301 Mann-Whitney test, 301 signed rank test, 301
Stat her in, 571 Stilbamidine, 588, 591 Stone
in bladder, 445 data
Danbury, Connecticut, 480 Olmstead County,
Minnesota, 1950-1975, 480
674
Stone (continued) formers
calcium, 427-437, 440, 476, 477, 480, 607
calcium oxalate, 439-450 and defect, renal tubular,
in phosphate reabsorption, 429, 431, 434
and diet, 480 research, future, 475 risk factors for, 480 uric acid, 439
-forming salt, 477 matrix, 477 see Nephrolithiasis,
Urolithiasis Storing capacity, 318 Streptozotocin, 183 Student's t-test, 382, 407,
468, 497, 507, 626 Superfusion in proximal tubules
of thyroparathyroidectomized rat, l30
T cell suppression, 56 Tetracycline, 551, 559
test, 618 Theophylline, 4, 6, 7, 385,
626 Thiazide, 456, 457, 460, 461
as diuretic, 155 treatment, 479
Thyrocalcitonin, 640 Thyroparathyroid gland, 90 Thyroparathyroidectomy, 72, 83,
113, 121, 129, 136, 155, 160, 291, 516
Thyroxin, 582 Tolbutamide, 202 o-Tolouidine test, 183 Trace mineral, metabolism of,
351-359 Trade-off hypothesis of early
renal failure, 152 Transplantation, kidney,
249-254 Transport effect of gradient
for phosphate, 12, 13 for sodium, 12, 13
Trasylol, 229 Tricalcium phosphate, 565 Triiodothyronin, 582 Tris buffer, 194 Trypan blue exclusion, 400 Tubule, renal
epithelium, 69
INDEX
fluid to u1trafilterab1e fluid ratio, 41
perfusion of isolated, 125 and phosphate uptake, 3-9, 19,
25-35, 83-88 shocked, 3
Tunnel theory, 177-178
Underfeeding 323 Urate, see Uric acid Urea, 43 Uremia, 214, 281, 407
ac idot ic, 283 chronic, 505-514 serum in, 636, 639-641 terminal, 281
Urethane, 495 Uric acid, 83, 439, 474
colloidal, 477 excretion, 440 overexcretion, 449 overproduction, 453 saturation, 477
measurement, 442 Urinary
macromolecules, see Stone magnesium, 470 phosphate
conservation, 433 excretion, 141, 361
vitamin D3 loss, 615 Urolithiasis, future research
in, 473-481 basic science, 474-475 clinical, 475 metabolic, 475 surgical, 475 see Calcium, Calcium oxalate
Uronic acid, 478 Uropathy, obstructive, 188 Ussing equation, 38
INDEX
Valinomycin, 13 Vesicle of brush border membrane,
11, 13, 318, 414 Vitamin D, 122, 198-200, 250,
351-359, 399, 537-659 deficiency, 392, 396, 418,
616, 618, 619 and egg laying, 649 metabolite, 255, 352-354,
388, 615-635, 645-659 and bone disease, 615-623 and renal disease, 615-623
and phosphate deprivation, 335-341 interaction, 391-397
-resistant rickets, 351, 362, 570
status, 418, 420 Vitamin D3 , 250, 381, 649-654,
657 1,25-dihydroxy -, 89-91,
381,382,417,436, 453, 581, 607, 618, 625, 630, 632, 635, 641, 645, 646, 648
24,25-digydroxy -, 641, 645-648
Volume expansion, 121, 135, 156
Water hardness and cardiovascular disease,
197 and mean death rates, 198 protection against stone
formation, 480 Water immersion, 94, 97, 98,
101 Whewellite, 477 Wilcoxon test, 315, 317 Woman, menopausal, 604, 606
675
