AMS-02 and Dark Matter Search Nicol Masi May 2012 Bologna University and INFN AMS-02, briefly Matter Matter Anti-Matter Anti-Matter An Improved Version of AMS-01 Antimatter Astrophysics, Dark Matter Strangelets TOF consists of 4 plastic scintillator planes, 2 above and 2 below the magnet. The counters of adjacent planes are orthogonal. The number of counters per plane has been reduced to 8, 8, 10, 8 counters to reduce the weight (34 scintillators). Each TOF counter is composed by: a plastic scintillator 1 cm thick and around 120 cm long (Eljen-Technology type: Ej-200), a plastic scintillator 1 cm thick and around 120 cm long (Eljen-Technology type: Ej-200), read at both ends by 2 independently powered photomultiplier tubes (fine-mesh Hamamatsu R5946 with max spectral response at 420 nm), read at both ends by 2 independently powered photomultiplier tubes (fine-mesh Hamamatsu R5946 with max spectral response at 420 nm), connected with transparent light guides. connected with transparent light guides. Hamamatsu fine-mesh R5946 AMS-02 Chronology CERN: Test beam ESA (Estec): CR Muons CERN: Permanent Magnet, new test beam and calibration NASA (Cape Kennedy) - Final Step CR Muons On board Endevour STS-134 In space on ISS February 2010 May August 2010 February 2011 March 2011 May 2011 Lower TOF pre-integration (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) AMS at Cape Kennedy 2011 Launches Date: May 9 Mission: STS-134 Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle Endeavour Launch Site: Kennedy Space Center - Launch Pad 39 STS-134 Description: Space shuttle Endeavour will deliver an EXPRESS Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3) and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) to the ISS 2011 Launches Date: May 9 Mission: STS-134 Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle Endeavour Launch Site: Kennedy Space Center - Launch Pad 39 STS-134 Description: Space shuttle Endeavour will deliver an EXPRESS Logistics Carrier-3 (ELC-3) and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) to the ISS ESA Astronaut: Roberto Vittori Go baby go! Beyond the SM: Dark Matter 13 Dark matter: is inferred to exist since 1934 from gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation, undetectable by emitted or scattered em radiation. According to observations of structures larger than galaxies, as well as Big Bang cosmology interpreted under the Friedmann equations and the FRW metric, DM accounts for 23% of the mass-energy density of the observable universe. Ordinary matter accounts for only 4.6%. Local Evidences: Galactic Rotation Curves Milky Way warp due to dark satellite galaxies Dynamics of Galaxy Clusters X-Ray Cluster Emission Strong Gravitational Lensing Anomalous Cosmic Ray Fluxes Cosmological Evidences: CMB Acoustic Peacks (from WMAP and PLANCK) Structure Formation and Evolution Dark matter: is inferred to exist since 1934 from gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation, undetectable by emitted or scattered em radiation. According to observations of structures larger than galaxies, as well as Big Bang cosmology interpreted under the Friedmann equations and the FRW metric, DM accounts for 23% of the mass-energy density of the observable universe. Ordinary matter accounts for only 4.6%. Local Evidences: Galactic Rotation Curves Milky Way warp due to dark satellite galaxies Dynamics of Galaxy Clusters X-Ray Cluster Emission Strong Gravitational Lensing Anomalous Cosmic Ray Fluxes Cosmological Evidences: CMB Acoustic Peacks (from WMAP and PLANCK) Structure Formation and Evolution Local Galactic Evidences From the Keplers law, for r much larger than the luminous radius, you should have v r -1/2. Instead, it is flat or rises slightly. M grav /M vis The Bullet cluster (1E ) consists of two colliding clusters of galaxies. Studies of the Bullet cluster (August 2006), provide the best evidence for the existence of DM. At a statistical significance of 8, it was found that the spatial offset of the center of the total mass from the center of the baryonic mass peaks cannot be explained with an alteration of the gravitational force law. It provides "evidence against some of the more popular versions of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)".Modified Newtonian Dynamics VIRGOHI21 is an extended region of neutral hydrogen (HI) in the Virgo Cluster discovered in Analysis of its internal motion indicates that it may contain a large amount of DM, as much as a small galaxy, but no stars: the first Dark Galaxy. Dynamics of galaxy cluster Virial theorem U = 2K K = i m i v i 2 U ~ GM 2 /R X-ray cluster & Lensing Hydrostatic equilibrium: Beta model: But X-ray emission measures the temperature and Mgrav/Mvis = 20 Strong Gravitational Lensing Cosmological Scale Evidences: WMAP results Results depend on SNe Ia and Hubble parameter Universe Curvature Baryon density Matter density Acoustic peacks: barionic vs non barionic matter m h 2 =0.135 m =0.27 0.04 B h 2 =0.02 B =0.04 0.01 Nature 458, 607 (2009) Positron fraction Some Clues: PAMELA Exprimental data show that the cosmic ray fluxes of positron, antiprotons and gamma rays are not quite in agreement with SM expectations Neutralino WIMP Mass Region: 100 GeV 10 TeV (