OBESITY
Amy AllenJenn Palm
Edwin PorrataCrystal Whitley
Exercise Training and severe caloric restriction: effect on lean body mass
in the obese
Authors: Brian C. Leutholtz, PHD
Journal Title: Physical Medical
Rehabilitation
Date, Volume & Pages: January
1995 p65-p69
PURPOSE
explore effects of exercise intensity on body composition
of obese subjects during severe caloric restriction.
METHODS 40 subjects (33 women and 7 men)
12 week supplemented fasting program
Randomly assigned to high or low intensity group
Bruce Protocol was used◦ Measured heart rate and blood pressure◦ RPE was recorded, distance, time, and heart rate
RESULTS & DISCUSSION Significant reduction in body weight was associated
with decreased body fat after weight loss regimen.
No significant loss of lean body mass
Relative VO2 max improved
Resting heart rate and blood pressure significantly lowered
CONCLUSION
No significant difference in benefits between
high and low intensity workouts
Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to develop a
Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women
Authors: Cindy Byfield, PhD, RD;
Jennifer Anderson, PhD, Rd
Journal Title: American Journal of
Health Promotion
Date, Volume & Pages: 2003; 17:
373-381
PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior
change theory to a physical activity intervention for
obese, sedentary women.
METHODS PARTICIPANTS
58 sedentary, obese woman
MEASURESQuestionnaire on:
Physical activityStage of ChangeProcess of ChangeSelf efficacy
INTERVENTIONTwo groups
RESULTS , DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSION
27 of the 29 in the treatment group participated. 17 participated from the control group. GREAT results for the treatment group. The control group was not as successful.
Significant improvements in the processes of change for the treatment group – improvements in only 2 processes were observed for the control group.
A Theory based intervention Versus a traditional exercise program…
Theory based intervention incorporates how obese women think.
Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on Body Composition and
Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Women
Authors: Alan C. Utter, David C. Nieman, Elizabeth M. Shannonhouse, Diane E. Butterworth, and Cathy N. Nieman
Journal Title: International Journal of Sport Nutrition
Date, Volume & Pages: 1998, 8, 213-222
PURPOSE
To determine the influence of moderate to vigorous
aerobic exercise, energy restriction, or both on body
composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in a large group
of obese women.
METHODS 102 obese females participated in a 12 week program
Randomized into one of four groups: control, exercise,
diet, or exercise and diet
Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and BMI
were taken before and after the program
During the program, weekly weigh-ins and 24 hour
dietary recalls were conducted
RESULTS Both the diet and the diet/exercise groups showed
significant decreases in the following areas:
• body mass
• percent body fat
• body mass index
• fat mass
No significant changes were found in fat – free mass for all
groups
Change in VO2 max was significantly greater for exercise
groups
DISCUSSION VO2 max increased in both exercise groups due to
moderately high intensity
Moderate exercise training independent of diet had little to
no effect on fat mass
CONCLUSION
Moderate exercise training during a 12 week period
improved cardiorespiratory fitness but had no significant
effect in accelerating diet-induced losses in body fat mass
in a large number of obese women.
The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese
women
Authors: Ayse Sarsan,
Journal Title: Clinical
Rehabilitation
Date, Volume & Pages: 2006;
20: 773-782
PURPOSE:
Compare effects of aerobic and
resistance exercise on weight,
muscle strength,
cardiovascular fitness, blood
pressure and mood in obese
women who were not on
energy restricted diet.
METHODS 60 obese women were assigned to one of three
groups:
aerobic exercise
resistance exercise
control
Measured mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and maximum strength of trained muscles
RESULTS & DISCUSSION Showed improvements in:
◦ 1RM
◦ VO2 Max
◦ Beck depression scale (aerobic group)
◦ Aerobic and resistance training improved performance and exercise capacity
CONCLUSION
Aerobic exercise improved: depressive symptoms
VO2 max
Resistance exercise improved: muscle strength
The effect of exercise training on B-adrenergic stimulation of fat metabolism in obese men
Authors: Van Aggel-Leijssen, WHM Saris, M Homan and MA van Baak
Journal Title: International Journal of Obesity
Date, Volume & Pages: 2001, Vol. 25, Pg 16-23
PURPOSE
Determine if high intensity or low intensity
exercise stimulates fat oxidation & metabolism
in part of B-adrenergic in obese men.
Determine the differences between the two
exercising stimuli & the fat oxidation of
metabolism in lean & obese men.
METHODS There were 23 obese men, evaluated with a medical history &
physical examination; all subjects were in good health.
◦ No medications used to influence any kind of manipulation of the variable measured.
◦ Categorized into groups of three’s by BMI, Fat Percentage, Age, and Vo2 max.
◦ Randomly divided into groups; High intensity exercisers (N=8, 70% Vo2 max), Low intensity exercisers (n=7, 40% Vo2max), and non-training controlled group (n=8).
◦ Subjects recorded dietary habits
RESULTS• After 12-weeks there were no changes in body
composition in any group.◦ There was a significant increase in Vo2 max and
Vo2max FFM in both HI & LI-exercising groups. Both increases were also very similar in their final
measurements.◦ Between the HI & C group there was a huge
difference in Vo2max and Vo2 max FFM. There were no changes in the lean group or the C
obese group.◦ The compliance of both exercising groups managed
well (LI was 88.7% & HI was 92.6%)
DISCUSSION
The 12-week exercise program involved measurements of body composition, maximal aerobic capacity, & isoprenaline-induced thermogenesis &substrates before exercising.
Each member did not spend >2 hours a week in sport activities & had no physically demanding job.
HI & LI groups participated in cycling on an ergometer 3x/week with each session fixed at 5kcal*kg*FFM^-1.
Heart rate was monitored continuously during the training session.
Evaluations of Vo2 Max test were performed & adjusted at the lab under supervision of a trainer at week 4 & at week 8.
CONCLUSION After the intervention, LI & HI-intensity exercise
training failed to affect the B-adren. stimulation relative to fat oxidation in obese men.
Increases occurred from B-ad.-medicated lipolysis in HI exercises in obese men.
LI exercise training were similar in Lean & Obese men. Variations in habitual energy expenditure seems to
play a role in the difference between H & L responders of B-adren. adipocyte lipolysis.
Physical fitness was a significant increase in both exercising groups.
The concentration glycerol in the H.I. group increased the most after the intervention.
FINAL CONCLUSIONS NHANES survey1 shows that among adult
men the prevalence of obesity was increased from 31.1% (2003) to 35% in 2006
Proper exercise, nutrition, and behavior modification
NO MAGIC PILL Health Risks
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