An Account of BooksFac. Gaveti Academ. Monspel. Alumni Avenionensis Doct. Medici &apud Camberienses PracticiNova Febris Idaea ceu Conjecturae Physicae circa Febris Naturam by Gaveti Academ; D.Dominici Sanguineti Appuli Dissertationes latrophysicae Neapoli 1699 by Dominici SanguinetiPhilosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 22 (1700 - 1701), pp. 914-922Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/102828 .

Accessed: 14/05/2014 11:05

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

The Royal Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to PhilosophicalTransactions (1683-1775).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

VIb A. S;vovst of Bocts. . }Xt. Gaeti Anddem. MozoJpeZs Ataani Xwe7zionenfsDo8, A#dici o vpd CaxwDerienfes traStci Wowe Eefirts sg£w ceB ConjeSera PAny/icj cirza Febris l!latardtn. GenevatOo.iso.

Here is no DiCeaCe more frequent; than Fevers} and 1 yet there is none whofv nature is more dark and

-myfteriolus.

Tlle Ancients declare all Festers tO- be an unnatural lzeat Srfit kindled in rhe Heart, and tberlce imparted by tlle Veins and A.rteries to elrery part of the Body. MoR of the celebrated Modern Writers fpeak--of nothmg but a Ferfnwntation o1 ESserveScence of the k-lood- But thefe

tCOWIltS are infufficient, fince nothing more is aign'd tIan an Accident or General CauSe, notw-itll0anding the fever-al fpecies of tllis- Difeafe do fo mllch diffidi i-n vlacir natuz and appearances. Tlle peculiar and tnfe- parab]eof FcYers isan *lnllfual quicknefso£ Pulfe, as M* G.cset after Se£nertSSylvigr, Etnalfzer downs believe.The trueatadNatural Cauftofthis will appear after Somc previous refle&ions on the Circular Mot;on of the Heart and Arteriesf antl the manners of Secretion aAd other sNnimal Operations.

Nor to repeat sn7Izat is commonly known, concerning the NIuCcular {Erudllre ot the^ Heart) and the Artifice of ts (t iDresv Vallres, Tendens, eSc. M. Gavet, Entrary to

t;-jc cpirlion of former WritersX thlks tbe true DiaJ2ole, (]Aa iiatation of tlle Heart llappens at thB time of it&s- c.tt-atiOn, t.: iv^<n its HFex is drawn tlp to its Bafis, and 1(s 52J?ole oA bot*lsaa ion iS during its Elongation- If tvvo Parale-sIograr)s have e;qual Perimerers or Circumfe- recesX as fu;)}>OJ 4OG inciles for inStace) that whoSe Edes) or leia^,+.il >nd br-adtl:l are eqluaI, contains the ;reaFeft A-rva) and that whofe lerlgth antl bradtb differ

moR,

( 914 2

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

(>915 ) , the leafE. Tis is plainX if we conier the 3 Fi- gures A, B} C

T

z0 rt _ W. .. v

Jtz Aloo IO T5 B7t I5 C lC '

'cd "' ,* sT .

:W H

wI*t the famm of tlae fides be 4o itlches or parts) and the length and breadtll of the firtt, or A be in botIl IO of Bor theSeccond Is and 5) of C rg and x. A {ha11 contain an Area of IOt inclz-" - B of 75) and C but of I9. And tllereforeour Author thinks it cannot be de- nied, tlze Heart contains the greatert quantity of Bloorl

hen it is abbreariated) fince it does nof then approaoh nearer tv a fquareX but a Spherical FigureX wIlitll by the co-nfent of all Geometers -s the moft capacious

As for tlle PercuEon of the Breaft, he thinks thts is in t1lt 2.¢ J/0l¢!

M GSvet confiders nest the Fermentation) tlle Contti tuent Pares o£ the BloodX ttse ProceEs of GXnerattonn tllae [everal- Modes of Secretion He thinks it moR tJ^0b5)Cv

that the ConItituent parts of all rlle An<mal Liquors) fis Blood, Chyu Choler, are Iormally exifterlt in the 41iX

.'tlklhhhh men

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

f 9Xs) Xnt-fince/they>a;:reallprepared out of tlle Chyleirto whicl] the Food is reGolved l)y the A&ion of the Stomach. He u:dge$ thgs>Nv}ll not be dened by -tlzoSe *^7ho belieie tile fivc t 3ymici Principles to 1De ingredients in tiae ce -yoStion of a11 Natural Bodes) -becauSe they are reielntz] illto tLletn by tize opWra;Son of the Fire. Arzother invilz- tibge ReaLonX ill our Autllors opitlion) are the Partcrcs ot BJe blendWd and tzixed \\T it71 tile tlLlrS O^ Blood) and t.nveyel to a11 p.rts of fhe Body by the farne Canals svici t.zat Crlmotl -Lwqutr) tlto it dces not appear to our fe3 cbs

ti; l- tile Asi tt Glatlds of the Liver are obAralAed tcJr ttEC-n- being unable to paS ofE) it regurgitasiesX and iinft&s tlaeBlcod, ankl a11 the Aninaul JuicesX arld .;nay be difo cerned by its graf:te and CO1GUr. TlRiS jS the cafcz of tile UrineJ nSsveatX (i£* wll<3fe reEpeAive Col;Ators dv ncr prcdalce) but rnec-rly percolate them frorll t?^-le B9end) Of

v*thofe proluifcuous mfxture it9 [naEs is formed. Alor ca tlle difflrence of Colours) as RedX Cold:X<) Tranfizaretlr) l an objeEtson, finw the leaft Change or lSlew DiflJoliti- OX1 GtdtS fiuperEcial -pass ts) is fLlffitisnt ;-o -gYve a nesv tnovii- ficatioIl of tle fibEltX and create a diSererit tidt.

Ftaving tIatls laid dowtn llis Prit<i?tes, ?st. Gavet in tass fEcorld p3rt applies theSe t(s insteftigate ttle nature c+f tte - rers ardrthe Nciden.ts vlzIchattend-tIzem.TIat-e aretn> darlgerotas and foRt3i Dficates,wllicll for sv-antof duo conEs deroticon ar. c.4L!cd Itl>;8!rcl and- A4alignant-F2evers;Hrr t1 e wmafs Of BIc- d 1D at OI>A£E.: .errupted) and ;s COTLLTI(uiC1A rsinf-t1) a.nd t> tllbrc is n.o ;<lJltwrvale quickr.w>;s of 'e Pulfc Ffy;4 t-hiS rO30tJt£3) Mra;Ilting the (:llara2er arsd Af43rkv ol:1rf\-iltiAorext'L7dCv tlZOft1 thO.G£-tZus Gi FtV(-r39 it1tt3

svhc5>; Natue and CaveSs he precceds to e£quire. NVi:);X] t; te Aninlul Liql(.+rs begin to fermerOt and fw;¢l)

they -cauiZ a cl jLt£.zEo-l of thc- VcICels in svhicla the-y W);>

contaitzer1-; and-8.ence folio;?s tlle neceIElty of a ftcquer> 13ulSe: for tlle Allimal Sririts being ur,able to cerArrati

i1Ze Arteriws, and firtighten tl<tir Chat-nels3 by t-caSon cwz the

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( gl7,) tIle re(iLlance of tlle contained fluid, tbete is- 1cH¢ titne re quircd for their reltitutiorl by thesr }ilafticli forwe s For inltanca, if the Circle A l)e Xlle Cavity of the Arterial Cylinder in its Narura l Sypole, and tile Circle C the- Canrity in //t +\> its greateR Dtapole, and D the fgpace ( ( ( WD tlle Coars of the Artery paSs thrscs in\\\ / tEleir alternate motion. If again B -l)e / the Cavity of tlle ArtertX wllell it is - t t di(tended by tlae Intumefcence of the;Arterial Blood, and ED loe tlie Di0ance svIzich tlle Coats of the Artery paSs thro, is it nor plain tlaey fhall defctibe tlle Line E tsvice in the fanae time tlley do the other once, and confequent; Iy ellere be two Ptllfations inStead cf ane. Hence 11e tlliIlks he may conclude againtt all wllo deny the Orpns to have any concorn in tllis affair, That a Feuer is an

Unnatural and Vicalent trerfion of Ftlle- Blood VeEls, xPhich cauSes a qusSk motion in the H¢art and Arteries, and diforders all the Animal Fun&ions.

NtonvX rxnce the IntumeScence or fssrelling of elle Blood is oc.cafioned by too lPientiful Nurritior) tlle SllppreIEson o-f forlle Evacuation, or tlle Mixture * of -Some Impure Matter, %71]ich ex£ites a<Fermentationt and one of theX mu(t bettze immedtats cauSe of allFevers wvLzatelrer, confequently laying alide the ancient- deiribution of Fe- ten into Epilewesal) Purrid and He5ck *hey are more Fi4rlltly divided into Sanguinary a-nd Humoral. Tlt firR are fkA¢l} as ariCe trom an exce{{ive-quantity of+ Blood) or Xmgs utaurual Ferm>ntation ofsi+ Tlle latter are fiJcIl as procced {rom Ibale Ini,^ur1ties, or fome Heterogeneotls Mixturez excting a srislotnt EtErstScence in ttle Vital >quor

HasilnD thv1S explain><l ti<t Nature of a Fever7 it3

Ca*uSWs and Kinds, it r<nazils t? cotnpare t[zn Symptonhs and Metlaod of Curet svllXc; Mk 0dvet tXlilikS aal}rAiJly

conduce to illta(isute atld confirtn tlle Trutll of llis Sy frerz. H 11 ) 11 Iz 11 2 2.-17

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

'( 91g }

- R:- oMob .e t- 6 < # -

2. D; >XyinSv<ilppWi xFObrtationeg IatuphlAcz he ^49y

rf He Theory -of Nledicine has been Stranmly alter'd iiz g the preSent AgeX tEi-at:it appear-s at firA view a N5ew

ScXence .The Jargou of Hot5 t)1d5 Moi0 DrS js be- cOtz1e obSolere ; inftead of thek, -all the talit novv is of A-cid and Alkali; and frotn tife Famous fi>rinciples the kXdern Wnts derive all £ffeds of Natural kdies. But l;et rlleS merz takW heed that--they do not deceive them- Selves svi-rh Empty ar5al InfigniScant Nanles ; - as for our

A-E1r-3zor) lAe is ;)erSvaded thefe Chymical Notions are Pre- carious, and no 1CS unfitisfiAary than tlze explceded Fi&i onsvof Firft Qalivies) MixtureX Tempsament) b¢.

Tho the Tams of Acid atzd A+llrali may Ibem new, yet elle Notions, or at lea(t fomethmg not rery unlike -tllem, are tO l)e met witll in feveral Wnters in diffierent Age$*

v4tQt anK oNers« akni the >-Ei0n of ny

Viteates to unnatural) lbwre and corrofive uices in tbe Body) eW. But tocome nea to ourparpofe. Hippo 2¢ Xa Is Btok e DiztR has this paffig¢ Bat Man, as R@Otf9tt S;I) wfarged axd<conffS of Xwo Priaczpkw ff a Uttrvry Sttez.X) which yet tree atA cvnctr an their

Se4/tp>t vXn5 are+1ent to--gsve

Beirg > 411 Thsags; xte neSt6er tS Wne. Thefe words Ba- 4wia dapts to, ands intsprets of his Acid and Alkalis whicll he thinks Xicient tQ awount fUr the pmdudion- of all.Boclies) and tilre Appearanxs olfervable iri them

To ;lluli:rate this WeRnl1)1ance in a more partxcular martnen Plato in llis lsdefcribes-the Particles of FIre as PyramidalSand Reaining of its Effd2ss fays that by tile Sharpneli- of its Atzgles thee Su^bixity of its Sides, tlle Mxo

nat.e

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( 9JR )

* f * sqv + .. * e .

natene s ot t 1¢W Uarts ane &itpl;}ty of Wtltssr 4<aXxv Det tietate all Bodies breair to their @.nvX t Fss r tl* l< i+i! > ilrOy ttm? Agrecalsle to this Idea ss tIe £;Ck?ti+t>Xa <\. i T)8>

Genera dx re ;7t pani dJicatx 1)s' Pirigs {?c#te s1 j9ttel poTo

[Iowt tittEe does this differ fronz the Accoue givetl by the Modernsof Inlinfble Partsof tlrtr kjcl \\JhO uan* ltaouily airm tbem to be exceedsag mintlte, ffiarp and poiSnted. Again as Waer} affer tt}e Thnory of n-- c-rates3 isa Pailve Principle} which Serveb tO tkC wS a*he

_ s _ * * * s . .

sc ge ot t ze + lre and tna (e a Temperate kdy in -anUi- IlAtiOtl With it; fo AlkSli is repre@nted as a Porous Mat- tcr) fit tQ rdoCiNrt And «eattl ttlv iRp Points of an AcId7 and concur with>them .in S?rming a C+pm) wlsich does not fenf.bly partake of the E:xtrtnle -Qalitieseof mther.

But rettlng this- aXide) wbither- Anciont or C8F7> or-any otller uSe tna-de of -tlsefe Princlples) S>. 554SgtWiXeti cOntix

ders them no farther tElan as tlley concern ;Animal Bodies Helvroat thinks no Acid can be lod-g'd naturally in a-ny part of tlle Body except tlle Stomacll) and tllere it is ne- -ceISary) and-the chief iciont in Digcftior7)- - ?ncl thv Als teratiell XvIli<h tlle Alitnent receixJes ; lrut it it (llall ex- -tend fartller t becon2e5 untatural infeAs elle S-Weer atzd }3a1!imitk Juices3 atad ls tlle CauSe of naoft Difeafes inci dDtit to Anitnat Bodies.

Wlzeelatr DieAlon and Cllylification lDe cffCEted by t1le lwelp t3f an Acid in tlle STQrRlACH may l;e very mJch qll^fi:i oned. flle Sincients aScribe this to their Glidzaw irat<-a

tum: Sylvites te3 a MixttllZe of the Stliv- and the Realains of tlle fornzer Meat) afted L)y a- Warnth cozvrey' fron tlle Arteries cf ttlat iand tlle Gei>lzbouring parts. H Psut S. S^tgei7seti t1zinks noizc of theSc Co proper as a certaitlSaline

Ar-

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( 920 ) Armoniacal Liquor, feparated b) tlle inner and G6arldu- I^r,s Coat. But to re;urn to tlac ful3jett; tlle Notion of Aciditylwas fo far prerailed) tlsAt all Difeafes, as svc11 Acute as Chronical7 Fevers, Cachexies, Dropfies, Green- ficlRtlefi 8uppre«lon of tlle AIds,J2rt{Z) Vellereal Nlaladies, lliCumatifims) Colicks: Plet3rifi=s) APQPIeXiCS, E]};lePI1CS) aXll sv]lat not3 arW a11 deJrived irom rLais UllivJerlal Source.

Tlzis Opflz jon is too laat'tily advanced, atld wsithoutdue ccanlidcration To give one illftance, inticad- of alany nnoren of it5 956Cioncy ; it may fiometinaes lzappen that lDifeaScs--tllayr ariCe from tlac Qu-antity cor Quality of our- Edioles) sviXl nla)t be fo cloSe and folid) t11at the Acid catan}t p>nwtratW or rcQlSce thPmj or may loe devoured fo I.ir^,ely 13y Glutolls azd &reat Eaters as to os7erpowerand

* *

oy3prets Jt. jNfrcl toza1 j\! otlr We-aSotlss mJllicll our At1tllor alledges

ag?in{E t1)e <. 14)a: 14+ potL efiz of AcId and Alkali, Lle cn- t.*s into a Difq lifit*ol concernlng Fermentation in Ani n.a1s, atad svliit-Ller Cacl) sin InteL}ine W:olion be confi1Sent *slitil t-1zW Girculation -of tlle BIcod) and tvllether tlle latter

cilone b: not fufficient for t11; prc;raration and Secretion of ali tiSO 'Lnimal Lituors) .zw itlout tlle felrnzer.

T jo t^lne Blood l)e a I)il<Itnular Fluid, and conCequent- ] t nluS lzavc a great Aptitude to ferment wlzen sit fiag- 1zates, yet tIle Wapidity or its Cir'cular CotarEe. mu(t pre- went th<) CO 1ong as it continues in the VeIKels of Liv-irlg (<rzaturts. Wke Spirits u Llicll flow from tllC Brain L)y tlle h*rtes cafc a q{ttk Contra&ion o= t1le Spiral Fil3res of ttle Hseal^t arld projedx t11e Plod Mas3tw great Ssviftllefs and lzzlrjetuofity thro tlae Arterial Canals to--ail Parts of the 13odrg So as to overcome the Wel0ance of clae Fluid, and tlcreforW all tlae Llquors iI] the \eSels mttlR mtceive an ltsplrC atad DitcEion fzc,^a it azxzd cat- Ilaxte no-N4otio of tJ,5i o07n cczntrar-y to it.

As {or l-le Ci jyli;Xafi.stzm al.d tIa-e CorlzerSion abain of CLa?1> 1 lto B1OoAa fror svlzicll [ome fuppofe FermWntation

to

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( p''tE )

to be-a nectSaPy InftrutnenC t Etald tben i- tle 4',^*t,@t<,,43 is

offomedays, andpcrlzapstnonthst accordingtot>it;. Reps b ;v-llich Vegclabie Juicts ars brou@t tio Arlecti ansl Macurlty; wIiereas) ol} tlietontrary} thxs werk * compleated in a fAw 11Oursf anftl tlle Alit*nt turn>i i$v CIlylev Blsod, Spirits. rz is more m%fonable tv atc.l.)*. tllis Change tO tlle conS> {Xuli tlle Fluldsdo reces. > ; no--can lt [cezXfiran-ge if we con(iderthat: theN4Cart I)eat$--four tloul-and tiSles every bQUN and thc Cti nent Parcs of the 1S1(3od are So ofte11 ffiakn awnd lza tsz tb gether, svllic] isXnevrc tllan fuicCat tcx eclte any Me3ti on, without calliz-s-g FerntatiQu to its Ael

S. Sargginetz dces not <thirlk lt ide his purpoli to enq.lire- into t1zv Nature of Fermentatioa in generalX and -in inanizmate Thinbs ill prticular TIwo tile -Joix e3f Ve- getables haxre beyotld all corltrovere an Ebullitsn ad Fermentative MolionX yet £t may idouSted wSuitier this proceed Eom any Acid or Alluli} or sher intdine }?rlns

ciples. Borelli aCcribes it to the GRaYITY OF tbe Ar, and tilis feems to llave a gi Ground and Foundatlon 1t nluEt l)e put lntc) a proper VeilX cloily (toptX and put under Water it mvil, keep for a year: }For by the ChIllueEs of tIle XYaterX and the hindring rlle Ingreli of Nt>9w sAIs that w]lElt before lay oncealed itl its hms loSes its Elat fiiCity, -and<c;xInot excite a @mmotlon*< In 1sE manntrw Fruitae Flexsers, Fltfll and-FiiX aw preferved svlthout iJecay tor a confiderabJe time & wabicll Experitnentss Wlt} IstllTly more to the famv purp{e. ma$Je and pul)liShi lzy tllt: late E4onolJrable Mr B;oyle, are tocx vulgarty 3tnown to be inS[tedi cn fiere. From all which it is undriably plains tlle Infetlflble E>ans of a11 BMies are agitated by tlle Air.

ISefides,if Fertnf ntation das only ariSe from theLkseeroX ,eneity otNIixt Bodteslle inqulrPs why lhall aRe>r percola- tiOLlX ir very littlO) Qsv not at all ? Why \tlltS dillget}t\y kept frcom tlc Alr fhall laf} Z*long \hr Oyla w=ch s

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( 92} a Vegetable Juicef flzall either not ferment at allfi or in fucIl a manner as is fcarx perceivable

In iu js 1aA DsGCrtatlon tS*5'argxtxeti refumes theMatter of Cllylification HethinkstheStonnacll has moft of itsFertAtnt d>iclaarg'd into lt sviacrl its l\ica;Uranss are dil}ended by the Fs}-cd contained in t he]35nat-fiC} tLle nu*fnerous fmaliArteries fuSe r mo{t(:ompreflilotz at ttt titUC3 and tile CirculatIon of thcElood tlzzo tlzem is tizofEretarded; ancl fincethewllole NiaS<t according tQ the LawsoF Cxrculation) mutt in a lit- tte timfi FnaSs thre thn Stonzactzs tI1Crv is a0+ ns$onder-Con- tO&IOtl ould bn fs Coon filflA<d.

I ftetns pla>Zes the Aloulent corltained In thv Stomach is attonuated by tlae W1ixtllre -of Fernents) an} t1zz WIotion of ItS Membranes, and by tllc Contradtion alad PreStlre of its Fibresisprotruded torwards, and wllen the Cllylous Juice Js perfe&ed by the Weight of the Stomach atld Su periour viStera, and by the Force of the Liver conSpiring \Vitll ttlle Alternate Motion RtRd CompreSton of tlle Dia hragtn, ir is as it uere by a PreX tqueexed into t!> 6utS

tefore lle concludegg otlr Aufllor returns to his firft I-1cac ad (leclaes Acid and Alka!t do not deServe the tNTame of PrinciplesX Sace tllty ariSe from elle DifEolution or CcnjXaon of I3odses) ana thereliore are lo morW Ele- mEt tvty oP Silm?leX tizan the ot}lAr Chytmical Principiesa as A-4r Bn**te has largely proved n lzis Setic/ QyaiyRo

t . . . i .

Printedfor SvrSxsitb and Be5.IZaZfordX Prltlecistot1Re POya1 SoWicryX at tlaA Princcs Arals in St Ptais Churcho ard.

This content downloaded from 91.229.248.121 on Wed, 14 May 2014 11:05:25 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions