An Account of Some BooksPharmacopoeia Collegii Regalis Lond; Catalogus Plantarum Angliae, et Insularum Adjacentium,tum Indigenas, tum in agris passim cultas complectens, etc. Edit. secunda by Johannis Raii;Aero Chalinos, or, A Register for the Air, etc. by Nathan Henshaw; A Philosophical Essay ofMusick: LondonPhilosophical Transactions (1665-1678), Vol. 12 (1677 - 1678), pp. 833-838Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/101760 .

Accessed: 15/05/2014 04:48

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

The Royal Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to PhilosophicalTransactions (1665-1678).

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( 8;~~~~~~~~~ )~V The requel of 'the Obtervatilons hath confirm'd,that t'he pen.w

o6d of 8o days, which was yet rbomewhat doubtful 'in the recond dif'covery,is frufficiently *utl, and that'he doth not anticipate 9 revolutions.,which are made,in 2.yCars but by one whole day;& that in the GotvjuntLions with Saturn his Latitude augments on the one and the other fide,according a s the ring of Saturn enlarg- eth it felfirhough the line of his moto is nopral lel to the cir- cumiference of the ring: wchl was noted in the firft Obfervations~

The other Planet,which was difcover'd about the end of the year 167 2,hath his greateft digzreflion from the Ceniter of Saturn only r diamieter and 2 thirds of his Ring, and the perilod of h'is revolution about Saturn. is 4 days and a half, but iiiore precifely 4 days, 2 hours,& 27min.IHis Latitude augments alfb accord- ing as the Ring cnlargeth,and at the prefent that the largenefs of the R ing 'is great er than t he Diameter of Ithbe GlIobe o fSatourn, he is to pafs in the Con3uanc¶Ions wi'thout touching neither Saturn nior his Ring.Yet notwithftanding we have not yet been able to diftinguifh hi'm in the COD'unCUons either iin the upper or low-.

erpr'f his circle; but only in his greatefL,as well Oriental as Occidental, digreffions. And this Satellit being alternately one day~ towards hi-s conjiunaion, and the other day rowards his di- grefflio, he is ordinarily not feen but every third day,and rare- ly 2 days together,when it falls out thata at Ehe hour of Obferva- tion he is in the miiddle betwixt the conjun8Iion and digr-efriorn.

LafW.y,the apparent magnitude of thefe Planets is fo l ittle, that pofterity will have caufe to wonider, thiat their difcovery was'begun by aGlafs olf '7 fc0t.

And foraftinuchi as wve havee.ndeavour'd wi[h the rime atten-0 t ion and( care to obferve,wfi helher thbere be, not t he i ke'Planets a- bout IPena'Mand Mars, and ha-ve not been able to find any, evmn- thep when thei'r diflance fromi the Earth wa 0o 0tms kfrs than that of Saturn, i"t majy thence be concluded, that Venta and, Mays have. no Satellits,whofe furface eniigbren'd by the Sun and expofed to the.Earth is not zo or 30 timies lefs than'-that of thje two Satellits of Sarurn,and lefs capable of rd1eeding the light ok,

An Acpaxtn of fme Books: !. PHA,,RMACOPOEIA Collegii Regaiw LornAA..T r77i fvol

THis new Edit ion,reviewe~dby the-Royal Colledge of the Learned Phy fitilans of' London,hath t here confiderable ad-

vantages over the former, that great care hath been taken, not only to corre& the manyTypographi'cal faults committed in the

5 R 2 formier

( 8;~~~~~~~~~ )~V The requel of 'the Obtervatilons hath confirm'd,that t'he pen.w

o6d of 8o days, which was yet rbomewhat doubtful 'in the recond dif'covery,is frufficiently *utl, and that'he doth not anticipate 9 revolutions.,which are made,in 2.yCars but by one whole day;& that in the GotvjuntLions with Saturn his Latitude augments on the one and the other fide,according a s the ring of Saturn enlarg- eth it felfirhough the line of his moto is nopral lel to the cir- cumiference of the ring: wchl was noted in the firft Obfervations~

The other Planet,which was difcover'd about the end of the year 167 2,hath his greateft digzreflion from the Ceniter of Saturn only r diamieter and 2 thirds of his Ring, and the perilod of h'is revolution about Saturn. is 4 days and a half, but iiiore precifely 4 days, 2 hours,& 27min.IHis Latitude augments alfb accord- ing as the Ring cnlargeth,and at the prefent that the largenefs of the R ing 'is great er than t he Diameter of Ithbe GlIobe o fSatourn, he is to pafs in the Con3uanc¶Ions wi'thout touching neither Saturn nior his Ring.Yet notwithftanding we have not yet been able to diftinguifh hi'm in the COD'unCUons either iin the upper or low-.

erpr'f his circle; but only in his greatefL,as well Oriental as Occidental, digreffions. And this Satellit being alternately one day~ towards hi-s conjiunaion, and the other day rowards his di- grefflio, he is ordinarily not feen but every third day,and rare- ly 2 days together,when it falls out thata at Ehe hour of Obferva- tion he is in the miiddle betwixt the conjun8Iion and digr-efriorn.

LafW.y,the apparent magnitude of thefe Planets is fo l ittle, that pofterity will have caufe to wonider, thiat their difcovery was'begun by aGlafs olf '7 fc0t.

And foraftinuchi as wve havee.ndeavour'd wi[h the rime atten-0 t ion and( care to obferve,wfi helher thbere be, not t he i ke'Planets a- bout IPena'Mand Mars, and ha-ve not been able to find any, evmn- thep when thei'r diflance fromi the Earth wa 0o 0tms kfrs than that of Saturn, i"t majy thence be concluded, that Venta and, Mays have. no Satellits,whofe furface eniigbren'd by the Sun and expofed to the.Earth is not zo or 30 timies lefs than'-that of thje two Satellits of Sarurn,and lefs capable of rd1eeding the light ok,

An Acpaxtn of fme Books: !. PHA,,RMACOPOEIA Collegii Regaiw LornAA..T r77i fvol

THis new Edit ion,reviewe~dby the-Royal Colledge of the Learned Phy fitilans of' London,hath t here confiderable ad-

vantages over the former, that great care hath been taken, not only to corre& the manyTypographi'cal faults committed in the

5 R 2 formier

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( Bg34 ) eeaprcrpscnev formier £dit ions,but alfbo to, expungeferapecrtsocev ed to be now ufelefs, and to fubfltiute in their roomi a good rqumiber of others, found acceptab'e and ufetrul by experience, both as to theChymiical andGalenical Preparations;tendirig very miuch to the fuller inatru&on of Ehe A poth~ccries,& confequent- Ily to t he great benefi-t of thofe t ha t are to be rerv'd by t hem. I I. cata/ogs PL4NO2RUM 4NG L( le,. , & bnfu1ayum adjam

centiurn turn lnd-igena, itum in agrui paJffim cult.a complecf ens, &c. Edit. fecunda 5 q'erAi Johannis Rati, M. A 'e So Rei;

Locmd.impenJis 1. Marty n R?eg.Soc.l3pogr.ad ivffgne CampaPle im C~emeterio D. 1-1a uIi, ' 6 77. i15 V. N thisfecond Edition the Accurate and Learned Author hath

Iprefented the Curious with aconfiderableitnumber of Plants not contrained in the firfi; which do amiount to about 46; fcmIle of which were forgotten in the formerEdition,fotne were newly fouindout by him.3efidesthar,hereare to beinet iAihno)ta few ureful Obfervations,which the Author. bath partly lighted upon in his reading fince, partly received by the commnunication of his fniend's.Comipare(if you pleafe)what was faid of the firft E- cdition of this Catalogue inNX.63 of tbefieTraC§ts,publifflrd i 70 in Sep:ember. IIl.Aerp Cbhahnos,or,, 4 Regq?lerjfor the /ir,&c. By Nathan.Hen-

fh)aw M. D.Fedlow of the R Society. Londox, i6 7 7 -ifl 1 20.

THisalfoisafecond Edition; which we cannot forbear to give fome account of nz)w,confldering the ingcniofity and

ufefu!nefs of the difcourre therein contained,which was,Iknow not how, paffed over in the firfa Edition.

The Tra& then contains 5 Chapters ; the rft is of Fermentar ticn; the 2d,of Chyliflcation; the 3d, of Refpiration; the 4tbh, of Sanguificat ion; the 5th,of the Salubrity of frequent changing of Air ; together with a difcovery of a new Method of doing i t, without remioving from oDe p!ace to another, by means of an Air-Chambet fitted to that purpofe. But the miain thing, here uindertaken by the-Learned Author,i.s,

that hav ing confidered the Air to be of fome very general ufe, and proved great quantity of Air in all- mixed bodies, as alfo that the Air of all fimnple bodies, is capable of lDilatation or Conftriftion(or Rar ity and Denfity) by being mnore or lIO; mo- ved by the prefence or abfence , the nearnefs or 'rcmoteniefs of t,he Sun,he enquireth.,'Whether all Fermentation may not be re- duced to this fimple motion of the Air, and doth not depend on it,.as ona genera! caufe.- In the-waking our of which, if hehave

not~

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

(835 inot failled, be tbinks it will be no difficult miatter, to rediuce all oth~er motions in the world to that of Fermentation~and proba=- bly to refolve many hard Q.ueftions , nlot as yet fo rightly de- trmriined. But becauf'eContemplations of this kind are,in their own natuire, very unprofitabl'e, if not reducible to pradife ; the Author hath endeavour'd to app'ly the famie to the Cure and Prevention of nmofI Difeafes.

Iv. A PEboiofpbical 11fft7 'of' MUSICK:- Londoni, pri'nted for Jj, M'artyn, Printer to the R. Societj,) at the flel in St.- Paulj's Church yard, i 6 7 7. in 4r,

H I s A uthor's deCign be ing to expla in t he N7atutre of Mufrick, Ihe begins to inquiire -into the caufe of Sound:- in order

w hereun tQh,~e confiders (bme of the chic fpbenomena of Scund,as i.that it miay be produced,according to him, in the Torricellia vacuity:2.that it cauiFes inotion inSolid bfdiles~and is diminilfh- ed by the interpoficion of fulid bodies 3.that if the bodies in- terpofed are very thick,its paffage is wholly obflruded: 4. that i; eems toccme to the Eiar in ftrair linesv vhen the ob jedf is f'o fcituated that it cannot comie in a aIrait licie to theear: 5. that when the Air is not, in motion, its extent is /pherical; and when thecre is a wind, the fphere is eniavged on that part, to which the wind blows, anid dimini(ed on the contrary part: 6.that it arrives riot to the ear in an inflant , but coiifiderably fl-ower than (ight : 7. that it ccmes as quicki againif the wind as with it, though. not Co loud nor f6 far.

He,-nce he raifesthe follaowving Hypo-,thdcCs, He ftippofes the Air,we breath in), to b e a mixture of dilffierent minute bcdies which are of dlifferent forts and fizes, thouigh all of themn are fo fma1llas toefcape our fenfes: thegrolerof themi he makesEFJa- flical, and fuch as are refinied by fulid bodies,altogetther im. pervious to themi: The f4inler parts pafs tbroum oi ois tho not with that cafe btutthat upon a fuddeD and vioktnt lartt of themD,t hey (hock the partps of folid bodies that (land in their way, and alfo the groffer parts of the Air.Laftly,that thiere mnay be another degree of moftfu/4ile Etbhereal parts,with which the interft ices of thefe and all other bodies art: repleat,which find freer paflTage every where,and are capable of no conmprcfnon,and confequently are the mediumi and caufe of the immediate ccm- mulnication of Sight.

Now, of thefe three, he efteems the milddle fort to be the mne- d"ium and caufe of Sou-nd, and that at any time, when the groffer Air, is~ dr'iven off any fpace, a.nd leavez I't to be pof.fefi- by t hefi:

a nd(

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( 8$ 6) and other miore rubtile bod'iesi, and returns by 'Its elaflicity to its former.place, then,are thefe parts extruded with violence as from the center of that placei and commhunicate theilr motion as far as die found is heard. Or, weanfoId oyi oe with a fudden and violent motion, thefe parts miuft be affe&td thereby:- For,as thefe parts are fo mnuch refifled by folid bodies as to kI2ock them; -fo~on the contrary, they miutt needs be mie- vedi by the fudden ftarting of fol id bod'ies.

So that (accorditng to him)SQund m-ay be caurtd by the trem- tb2c of folid bodies without the piefence ofgrftIr; a Iob the reflitution of grofs Air,whtn it hazh been divid-d with any violence.Thus/,faith ht)we fiee,u hat a Baell will found in the ¶Tir' ricdilian fpace:- And , when the Air- is divided with any fudden force,as by the end of aWhi p having allI the motioni of the Whip contraaed in it, and by a fudden turn throwijng off the Air;- or by accenrion,as in Thunder and Guns; or by any imnpretlion of f3rce carrying it whe-re other Air cannot fo forcibly follow, as u Pon com pre fling of A ir in a blad der tifl' i t brea ks, or i n a Po t- gun - afuddlen crack wil,1! be caufed.

Having laid down this Hypothefis,and left h'is Reader to ap- ]ply it to the afore-inentionetd ph4norn.ema he proceeds to the Difcourfe of Mujkik t-folfandiimaketh it aconrifideable part ff h'is bufinefs to fhew, How this Adlion that cauifes Sound Iis p--erV.-

formned by the fevcral Infiruments of M*tifcl - having taught h'is Reader,Jirft, W hat a Tone is, and that the Tones ufeful 'in Mufirc k are thofe within the Scale,in which they are placed as they f ave relation to one another. ~Seondly,v¶ hcrein corfifts that Rel~ft on of Tones & the union of miixt Sounds. Which done, he explains,-- how Tones are produced, and what affftlarnccs are given to th,e

Souridbylnrumenvts.Wbherc he teaches, th-at whercvera Boc ttands upon a Spri;ng that vibrates in equal Ternis,fvch a Bo,ady, put into motionbw,ill produce a Tone, whbich will be, imore gra-ve orwacue, accord ng to t he ve locity of t he ret urns:- W hert fb e Strin& vibratinig have a Tone according to the Eignefs or Ten- lion of them;- and Bells that vibrate by crif-s Ova1s, rdc Notes according to the bigw:fs of thenm, or the th"Icknefs of their (idec; and lo do aUl other b-od'ies, v. hofe fup;erficies, being difplaced by force, refuilrs or conmes back by a fprinig wh',ich carri'es it bey,ond its firfk fiation. And here,to miake it to be uin. der(tood,how every ptuIfe upr-on fuch vibrations caufes SouLnd, ou'r Auithor gives us to confider,that the grofs Ai r is throw-n cff LbY the viol'ence of the motionl~which continues. fotie iiomenrrs of

tinme

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

time after tbe retuirn of the vibrating B3ody; whereuponrtni fpace muft be left to t'he f'ubtill matter, wh'ich upon the- refilitior, of the A'ir ftarts as from a Center s which aakien being Ithe rame, by the Author fuppored to be the caufe of theSoMrndts repeated upon every vibration.

But finding. it mnore d'ifficlti to hwhow Tone are miade by- a Pipe, iA here there are no vifible vibrations; h e confiders the Frame of a Pipe, and the Motion of the Air in it, and thereby attempts to find the Caufe of the Tone of a Pipe., and the pulfe thatrgives the Sound:- not omitting to explicate,how7Tones are li'nade in Violins, Ilarpfecords and Dulcimers.

tro th'is he fubjoynis an ingenious Difcourfe of the NaYin Brea4king of Tonies, endeavouring to expla in, how it is cau fed,

both n Sting an Pipes : where occu divers pertinentOfr vations concerning the m otion of JPendulums, the Trumpet Md~. r'ine,& the True T'rumpet ,as alfo the- Sackbut, And having fhew"d, that Sound doth caufe a miotion not only of folid bodles, but of the groffer parcsof Air within the Sphere of it;- he confiders, that. if the Air which "Sis moved by,beiing i ncloPedl, hfands upon futch adegreecof refifance to Coutpreffion, that'it hath a Spring vibrating in, the fane uneafure with the Sound that puts i,t into motion,there wilfl be- the fame eff`ed14as When 2 Strijngs are tuned in Ulnifon;rhat is,the motion will' be fo augmented by fucceed-4 Aing regular-pu!Pks,that the incbofed Air miay be brought to ring,. a-nd produce a Tone. Where he ta ket h riotzce-of- the advice,of V4tyuviuta in his Ar'chitedure,imporring, that 'in the ftrutture of' a 'Theatre, there fhould be vaLes or holIo,~% po:s of feveral fizes to anfwer a'll the Noites of Mufick'plactd uipon thle IStage in fuch imainneQr, that the voice of them- w-hich fang upon the Srag mghre be-augmiented by the ringilng of them : U#iruviw net ioning ci- vers antient Theaters, where fuch. were., in fome of Bra fi, in fumne of Earth.

After this, he defcendis to the confideratilon of the Nature of Keys in Mufick,and of a finglerTune- which later,he faiithcon- fifts in the rucceedingNotes having a due relation to the pr-,-cc.d -

ing,and carrying their proper empha (is by length, loudriefs 4.and repetition, with -variety that. may be agreable to the hearecr.

Next,be treats of Scbifmes and the Scal of Mufick; ibewing, that this Scale is not Let out by any determlinate quantities df whole or hal f Notes,)though t he degt'ees are commonly fo calIled;1 but that the degrees in the Murical Socale are fixed by the Ear in thefe places, where the pulfes of the Tone:~ are coincidenr,with-

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

( S83 ) ont.any regard to the quantity.Here he endeavors to Thew, how all the Notes come into the Scale by their Relati'on and Dign-i- ties; whence he th'inks it will be obvious, h,o aieso n filru&lion and convenience, the Scale of Degrees of Murick is miade as Myuficians now exhibi t ir,

Hiaving dirpatched that work, he proceeds to Mvufick that confifts of feveral parts in Gonfort,w&hich, is miade up of Harmo- ny, Formality an ofriy Ofhc,rony is the gzrateful found produced by the j )yning of feveral Tones in ch'ord to one another:- Formality requiires, thatthe fucceeding Notes be a,greable to t he former5 and Conformity will,that each part have the like tendency to the.fucceeding Notes.

LafHiy, he fpe-aks of Time or tke nmeafures of Mtuficlk; the due obfhrvance of which is gratefhil for the fanme reaf'cn given for the Formality of a finigle Tune,becaufe the fubfequient flrokes are mneafured by the memtory of the formier,and if they do couipre- hend them, or are comiprehended by themp, it is ailike pleafant; the mind cannot chufe but compare onie with the other,and ob- ferve when the firokes are coincident with the memory of the former. Whence it is, that', the !.efs the intervals are, the more grateful 'is the meafuire, becau fe it is eafily & exaLly reprekint- ed by the memory ; iN her eas a long fpace of timie that cannot be comprehended in one thoughrl,is not retairnVd in the memory in its exaal neafure, nor cani abide the comparifo)n, the time pall being'alwnays fhortned by fo miuch as it is remioved fromi the timie

The whole is concluded by two Obrervat'ions, by which we fhafil likewife conclude th'is Account: r.That it plai nlyv appears by the Dif'courfe of this Tra,Ahow Mufick comecs to b,e fo cop;i. ous; for,confid erng the fpecies of keys,the numiiber of them-,the variety of Chords,rhe a&lowable miixing of Difcor&-, the dilver. City ofmeafuire, Ait is not to be wondred at, that it fhould, flke Language,afford to every Age, everv Nation, nay,every Perf n, particular fbiles and mode-s. 2. That it appears likewife, that Tones -or e.7~fodes of Mufick in ancient time could n,,t be of o thr kinds than aren no,ince there can be noother in nature.Where- fore the great efli6s it then hadjif truly re'lated,mufl be imiputed to the rarity of it,.and the, barbarity of the people, wxho are not tranf"portcd with any thinag after 'it becomre coirmuon to them).

-Jtr~cb 2 9 Imnprimatur, 1677. BROIIgCKER, P. R.S.

London, Frintcdfor John Martyn, Printer to tbe Rt. Society, i677.

This content downloaded from 194.29.185.151 on Thu, 15 May 2014 04:48:33 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions