An Accurate Account of a Tessellated Pavement, Bath, and Other Roman Antiquities, Lately Discover'd Near East Bourne in Sussex. Being Part of a Letter of January 26. 1717. from the Learned Dr. John Tabor of Lewis, to Dr. John Thorpe, R. S. S. and by him Communicated to the Royal Society Author(s): John Tabor Source: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 30 (1717 - 1719), pp. 549-563 Published by: The Royal Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/103297 . Accessed: 16/05/2014 11:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . The Royal Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 194.29.185.221 on Fri, 16 May 2014 11:44:20 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
An Accurate Account of a Tessellated Pavement, Bath, and Other Roman Antiquities, LatelyDiscover'd Near East Bourne in Sussex. Being Part of a Letter of January 26. 1717. from theLearned Dr. John Tabor of Lewis, to Dr. John Thorpe, R. S. S. and by him Communicated tothe Royal SocietyAuthor(s): John TaborSource: Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 30 (1717 - 1719), pp. 549-563Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/103297 .
Accessed: 16/05/2014 11:44
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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( 55t ) hbout tR tniddie of this Fe=e is the Pavement, diRa-nt firom High"Water-Mark a Furlo-lg; In former rim-es ic
might have been fonzewhat more, becauSe from tliS Poinc
to the VVe{tztard, the Sea is ?Iways gainin-g from-the Land.
More tllan four \ears fince, t$. in -tllt Summer 7IXs xvhm tllc Fence was rcpaird; tllC \Xe7orkman finkb
ng a Hole tO '6X a PoR In Wsas k;nder'd by fo^mechint Solid Iike a Rock ; but caRing out tl55 Earth clean, found tlle Obnacle to bW Arriticial. Mre Thonas ;r ill;;rd of
Boarnefi Ov\?nerof tilo Meadow, bcing informsd or tile
hsovelty, gave Order tilAt it {llould be uncover'd,
a-Xld fient aLfo tO fuerJ9t7tonrNx, for one Pnwrrglove an in-
genious Inglneer (X^rho formerly had been imploy'd in
tlle Mlnes ilu tllt S7orthern Counttes), utilo with his lnZ
firuments bored througll the Pavement; and in many pla
ces of tlle (iround about it, svhicb 11e found to be full of
Foundatsoils: but this lais DiScovery of thofe FoundaF
tionS, NstaS only a Contirma£ion of Wilat the Inhabitants tllere have always obServid, a.s srell in Ploughing) as
t1nc Growtll of thei-r Corn and Gkrats. for in the common
Corn Fietd, WeR tO thC blQdow to the difiance of near
Ilalf a LA4iley rlley ofren raife bits of Foundations wsth
tllesr Ploughs; nd in dry Summers, by the diSernt Groxstll of tlle Corn, rlley cali p-]ainly pvrceive all that Trad of Ground to be full of Foundations. Tlle Pas ement xtasf littic more th-an-a Footibclow thn Lamo
lnon Surface of t-he (stound; uZhat larnixri-was aWntafl Sta GraYel i tlle E7ofition of it is tverj ncar due Ha(t and WeLl Cabour tssto Foot of rlle Weft enJ oS it reactling lnto the Corn Fieldv; ts lengtll is fWYenceen Foot and four Tnches ;- its breadth eleve-n Foot AtfirIt -ic Setin-d to have bcen bounded vvith a tllin Brtck bet on Edge, about an tnch above clle ;%%er? Co exaEly frair- and
eYens as 15 Sllot with a Plasle; anci ro -well (Demented
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( 55 1 ) as if one entire Brick. Elut w39en tlld o-utflde of th*= Pavement wtas broke upJ we found, tharxin:ead of Brxcks fcf: on Edge, as tvas imagin'dS it was bounded witll a Bordor of Bricks laid flat, and thesr enus Xt the 1eger turnld up The Thicknefs of thef--Bricks wa7as an Inch and a Quarter ;* tilc Breadth nor under EtevcnX and not nuore than twelve Inchcs;- the lengtll full figo
teen Inches; xYhich, before tl]ty.%?¢re tUrtR2 Up at their Ends, could not llave been Iefs tllan Seventcen. -They x^ere very firm, and not in ehe leaR Warp'd or CaR in Burnv ing: whcn brolce, their QubRance uss :fine and weell mixt, of as uniform and clean X Red Colour, as a piece of fine Bole: Except at the ends where turn'd up, tl^y were all over coverad with a Pla{ter (tlle fame vvhictE Zitr#tit4s calls the Nlexss of whicll more afterwards5} -:Llalf an IXc1 thicks io hardX entire, atld even, tllat it
feexn'd as orle stoncy quite round the Pasement. Next u7ithin the Bricks, there woars a Lift 0r Border
of urhite tegers, thirteeIl Inches broad; s^7itllitl tllat, a IiS of bro>?n Ge«etj (fomewhat darker than a Whet Sconcs and fomesvhat ligllter colouryd than tbe Toucll- Stone) four lnclles broad tllen a -lifE-of the Whitey YSYe Inch&s broad; next witllin tllat, ano£ber Li of the Browns tour TncXnes broad: a11 t1zc reR of the pavemenE
was fet- mfwith wshit-e te,fir wi£hout any Ornament or Figure; which thougb not Gay, lookt 7ery 57eat and Gle-a-n
Whe-n -this was firA 57icz?d none of tlle Curious -deabt&d, but that the Work was Rotnan, many uZere of opinion, that it might have been tlle ilQor of a Tetnpleb or place of Worhip.- Pline indeed (a 5 snforms us, tha£ the{e Fort of Pavements or Lithnf rot^ began to be irx ure in Italy, in fthc time of SyII; who catassd on: of them
( W ) Plin. Sece Hift. Nat. Lib XXXVI Cap. XXVe Qqqq22 tO
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( 55:2) toXbe made in tile Tetnple of Fornt at Prxnt/?c; perllaps thx fame whicb nor long fnce stas taken norice of tzy- the Honourable Mr. 4ddipa ( b ).
I was rather inclin'd X fuppote, it had been ellat A- partment belonging to the chief Officer wllere Jutlice was adminiRer'd; and tlle mores becaufe Pilat's final Sentence on our Saviour Was pronounced from a Throne on tllC Lithoflroton (s); w?htch Appellation 5ras given to tlzcSe kinds of Pavemcnts by Varro (d) not lefs than filXty Years before; and by Plant S e) not lefs thaa forty Years after our Saviours SuSering. That the Ro- man Generals caus'd fuch Paserncnts to be made at thei-r S2ations; we may have juft reaGon to conclude9 from that paEage (f) IS Sxetoaass cited for thxs purw pofe by Dr, (g) Plot.
Wllen the Ground about the Pavemene was dwg, a10 tllefe Suppofitions were quaRlXd ; for on tlle Notth Side of the Pavement. we diicover'd an entix Ba-ths fixteen Foor long, ̂ ve Foot nxne Inches broad, and tWO Foor nine Inches deep (which tlle Draught fent with thxs tCprerentS): Dg. I. it was Ell d with RabbiE of BuildInv, which feem'd to have been burnt; fia. llard Morrar adherillg to pieces of Roman Brick, fqua£'d Srones and headed Flint mingled with Afhes and Coals of Waod. From the Northwe& Corner of the Pavement, was the PaSage ins? the Bath, three FOOt three Inches wide; at which places the Bricks that bounded the 13avementw were not rllrnd up at their ends, b-ut hy even w-itll the zeoerX At the diRance of fifreen Inches from the [e#"erx, there was a Fall of two lachess to rhe Landing
. . | |
( &) Remarks on feveral places in Ita, P4g- 37-7. , (v) Ev^>* S ct. K. XIX. I 3. ( d ) Ter. Var. de Re Ru#. Lib. 3.
(, e )- Plin Hi0. Nat. Lib. XXXVI. C. XXV. (f ) Jul. Ct-f. Se&. 46a ( g ) 9wfvrdl*re Plots Nat.- Hiflcory) Chap. X>
2]C$
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t 553 ) place out of the Bath ; the Landtng place was alSo three Foor three fnclaes log, and two Foot tWO Tnches broad Tllence by two Stairs, was the I:)ctcent into the Ba;t ) tbe lengtll of thw 5;tairs, the fame aw of +119 LandingB
place; rhe brea^tZl of eacll StaiL s\J9 elerca 3;nces; the heigllt oF each Qtep a 1Art1e eXore than cen Xnches: tile
lows-eft Sraic vas t+Anty Xnches Som the farther Side of £he Bath vFL5v lswhole t#ork was rery compasi, and exa¢tly mcil rnade; 130t iA the 1eal injur'd by Time9 xlor 3:<e: Violr,ce it underwent svhe.n filL'd up; truly an-* fwXring the Precep-ts of gitt#'JiM!; wllich (A) adviSes that or all I3L1ildings, reSpeti {llould be llad tcs tlne Strength, Convenzency, and Beauty of tl1e Work de^- fignd; and that in or£ter tllerero, a careful and judicious ProviGon {hould be made of MateriaGs, without larfi mony.
Although the Autllor and Time of tllefe Works can n0t as yet be diSco^7er'd; yet 'tis evident the Arti6cer ncar enowgll follow'd the diredions Yitravs ( i ) gave for framing fuch like Stru2ures.
-
( h ) M. PoSlio Etrs. de ArchiteStur. Lib. TI. Cap. ZII. Hzz alltem ita Seri debent, ut habeatur ratio tirmitat3s, tltilitatis, oenvll'tatis. Fi mitatis erit habita ratios cum fuerit fiundamentortlm ad Sl tdam uepl ei fio, & ex qllaque materia copiarum fine avaritia diligens eleNtio
( i ) M. Fitrut Pol. Lib. IlI. Cap. I. Plimllmqtle inripiam dc Wtlde_ ratione} quse prtncipia tenet Expolitionllm, 1lti curioGus Swnmaqtle prorn videntia Xtidationis ratio habeattlr. Et fi plano pede crit ruderandurll7 ,v1zratur folum fi fit perpetuo folidrlm. Si aut omais aut cs parte con geffitius locus fiterit, fi0ticationibus ctim magna ctara Xlidettir.- -Tursc inCtlpct fiaexlninetut ne mreore faso qviam quod podit manum implere r fiataminibtis induSis ruderetur. Rudus fi novum erit, asl tres partes unz calcis miSceatur fi rediErivEtm falerit, qtlinqlle ad daum mixtiorles a_
beant refponfum. - Deinde Rtldus inducatilr, & veEtibus ligneis Decuriis induScis crebriter pixlfatione folidetur; & id non minils po,JS pinm abr tum craAit-udine fit Fodr2ntis. Infuper exTe*a Nucleus i ndwicatur3 nxisLio;
nem habens ad tres partes *;nam Calcis; uti ne mi9re fit craditlldine pa- vimentum digitorum fenum. Supra Nucleum. ad R-coulam & Libe11a¢m txa&a Pavimenta Ronantur, Sse SeAilibils fen TefWris. Ca:n es e2S trvS fuerint, 8r faRigia estruSiones habuerint, ita fricentur, uti, fi ScEtilia fintZ nulli gtadus xn fcutulis) awt trigonisX alit Ruadr3tis} geu fivis
!F3tA,)
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extent. Seu coa.ssmentotuna compoLitio planam haSeat inter fe diretio nenF Si 'reSeris El-utum critX ut ese omnes angulos hjbeant zqtlalcs, aLlIlibiqvle a fricatura extantes. Cum enim anguli non fuerint o2nnes aqllaelirer plani} non erit exavi Ut oportet fricatu-ra
ca-}1s
( 554) 1F1rtt. as to tlle Pavement, ix was fecur'd on every
wide and t11e Edges of ic refted on a very firm and leat- built \V31j3 ae.f -Roman Brick} -fquar'd Stone ald headed vlincs betwec.n h^7e and fis Foot deep be- tow t}e fiur^ico of tt^tf Pavemetr, and full twenty chree CileS rtlick; svI)icb ts\7t B3y fuppofe tO 3zave been two tOOE by- ri<c Pxonzan Adea$ure. Thv Bricks were nor xn regular cou£5.es. as rlley are to be feen in tlzoSe Roman Buildings, zvEricll are in view above Ground; but ith- out order dt'prsad about itR the %1-all. The Top of the ZN;all idecd was but fsfccen Inc11Cs tllick; and tllat *Xtas covr d Witll tlle Bricks Erit metltion7dJ w?hiclo lounded tze P$vement: but about foalrceen lnc-lCs be- low the t°ps there vras a Set*of (as cur At-afons term it) in tne infide of t11e Btal}, cigll: Inches broad. Bre did not dig up the Fot:}ndatlon of tF; Pan7emett to --t11e Bortome -t}ut opened st at o".e Corner only, tlzat we migilt disfcover h¢vv it NY2S Fratn'd: for uTllen ic vvas
I-or'd tllrougtl t!ey ob[crz7>d. next under the tz,,:^e-, a
Bed of very ftrong Mortars n.ore th-un a Foot tbsck; v;nder ttle Mortar a Bed of Glay tnro Foot tllick; -and tander t1z: C,lay a firtel Foundation of Brickv We ob- fervtd tL;e Clay (wIticlo tlne Ground thereabouts do noe c;AOrd) tO be verv fi^se and rcdS -and alSo clofe; no dou!bc but carefuIty R*amm'd. The Surface of the Clay utas nearly pitcll'd eith fmall Flint and Stoness Poinced at thesr lowrWr ends and Headed at tltir ups per cuds Tllis Pitcllitlg or Faving is by Zitrgri! callXd sgdt#bZnatXo; and=tle Stones'tss done with, he
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cal-ls Statuxntn4. He diredts thenz to te fer, wvhen the tJnderwork is made Sound and Flrms by sre11 RamJ$*2 inS BecauGe the firlt (3ilapter in hs SevenWh Books tats only of the Method og nafik;Xlg theS kinds Os SaveMcNts
wstlich in his tsmeS and asnsay toX tU2vs4 trotu llis utords,* xvere had in no fnnaii eR-cem by tLse Grandees of Woage s
I has7e tran£fcrb-d N\Ttt, 3y I4\}7 tlle accurate Mew
vllods whxch thaF great tPcople had in Framing themX ESut to retusn, this pitch'd Work was exadi)? even
with thA Seroff in rlle inilde of tite Walls on it t<as ]aid a Bed of coarGe Mortar of about nine Snches thick s tize Skirts of ehis Mortar (which by Fitrb7uiBS iS call the Radas) reRed on the Siet°of abovementiond; it wascompostd of Lime, a arp courfe Sand, rnlall Pe5* bles and bits of 3rick. Upon tllis Redas .Yas a fineL GOmPOfiitiOn} made} aS near aS I COuld gUCSS Etith LimeS a fine {h;}rp TSAtLdS fOmC kSnd Of AD1eS;S- aDd (WhiCh WaS TlLe gFeaTer P3rK) Iiampt BriCk 2d POC*aRCKdS9 t1 grainS GOt largCR thAn CabSagCESeed, a11d the F1oWAR
t fine [9°WdCr {CPaTed firC)m iC. TEiS Bed WAS al3OUL llalf a Foo£ thick; and is what M2TY#Va! calls the cle¢.
U2hether we may call it Terrace, l m4%;0 leave lt to thofe vtllo-are better skilld allan my feif, in ginTing proper ApX peilations to the feveral parts of MaXnry7.; Both ttai§
t{{XaIe#s and tlle Axdigs under it, \7ery near eanalld the Portlard Storse in llardnefs and compadneSs Upon thi$ S¢cZexs or Terrace xvere the terj Ser: tlley were fet an end; but fo exadt uras the M7orkman it) fetting ttlem3 rllat he us'd tWO forts of Cement to fis tllem Wittlalx their lower ends fl:ood in a Cement Qf Lyme--only welL xvork'd; their upper halves sapre cemented witll a tine gray Mortarj confiRing of &ne Sand (and as it Scexn'd) A{hes and Lyme This gray Cement er7ery! wizere fiil'd tlle Intervals at vlleir Eleads; and was-mucl;l harder than the [eferx themSelves.
'Twas
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( 556) 'Tras befiore Intimated, tllat tbe 7egerx were but of
two Colours, White, and of a dark Brown theywerc harder than a glazd and wel1 burnt Tobacco-Pipe, and -of a Grit Womewllat finer; tilC Brown Seem'd tO be of tlle fame Subftance vsitil tl-te FVilite, lOUt colour'd by Art, (as Plin informs us (t) the atorkers in Clay of oId had a Merllod to do): rllcy f£emSd to 11ave leen form'd in a Mould, and afteruZards Burnc. Hence I am inclinld to take the nceaning of Vitrtatias; where 11e makes fo plain a diflind;tion betuteen tlle regerx and the StSilia tllat,
rlle one u7as according to rile import of the nameS 4ornl'd by lnflrunlents out of Stone, Bricks and Tyle; -the otller -- iluped in a NIould and Burnt. Tly vrere IlOt
of an equal Size,none exceeding an Inch in lcngtll; tlle fllorteSi utere 60 of a11 Incll : mo(} of tllem s 7ere equally
snade tileir wrlwle 'ength w but of fome tbe lower ends ter
s7ztnated almoA as {harp as a vYedge, on purpolc, as may be fuppos'd, tO be driven wllere any InrcrRices u ere left : At their Heads likewiSe they were not a11 equal and alike, fome exadly Square} Some oblong Squaley Some Semislunar, bUt none l riangular the Diameter of tlloSe tllat x^tere Square vas about 140 of an l£cll 5 tlle JongeIt Side of thofe that were olrlong at tlle Head ittle exceed. ed 11alf an Incil. It nly loe obfiert'dJ -tilat the repav rations for fixing tlzxs Favemetat llere, go beyond thofe ?hicil YittfiXim preXcriles (itz the firm B!all near lix Foot below tlle Surface, in tile Bed of CJay WitiliN' it twZo Foot tilick, --and-in-tile Foundation of Brick under the Clay) But when nve confider tile Scicuation of -t11e Ground- herer is low, nor many Feet lligher tllan the Sea migllt be elevured at Spring Tidcs; and rhat it mlight as welltbe-annoyd by LandSprsngs a.0ter greaE
Rain¢, as by -\Vater owzing tllrougll the Eartl] ffL)m t11e
( k ) Plin. Secun. Hidc. Mund. Lib. XXXVII. Cap. XII Sca
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( 557 ) Sea Go near; fronl wllich tlle;Work in tine mlgtt receivS damage; we muft allow tbe abovemention d Additions -to be the refblt of a very judicious-ForeGgl1t.
The Batll alCo was form'd and becur9d by a very comu pad Wa31, of tlle fame breadth and deptb Witll that OA which the i3avement refted: tlle \Vall, which fu{lainSd the Nortb Side of the lvavement, made tl e South Side of the Bath. On the Soutll Side of tlle ffatll, fronl the Eall end, tO the ends of the Stairs, there was a foo ltd Seat; twelve Foot nine Inches long9 6Zery near tett Inclles broads and fourveen lnches high. The Bottom or Floor of the Bath, wras made after tbe fame manner as the Pan7ement was made, excepting the [eXcr4, and the thick Bed of Clay : for under a-ll, there was Brick; vllen a fSed of the Wgds or coarfe Mortar {omewhat more tllan a Foot thick ; above that tbe 1vXa1ta or Ter- Tace ollly, 1la15 a Foor thickJ The Sides of tl;le Bath, the SeacJ and the Stairs, were plaAer'd over with this Teerace about 11alf an Inch thick; all wllicll were througllout ro Hard, Compadt, and Smootll, thae wllen firft open'd, the whole {eem'd as -if lt had lteen hew'd out of one intire Rock, and poliM'd. At the moddle of- the EaLt ends at tile Bottotn, there u7as a Sinkhole, a
i£tle more rllan three Inches longs and above two Enclles deep: alDout four lnches above its there \^ras another paEage tllrouZll elle Wall of the fame fize ; ttie firft we may fiuppofe to let ou; the Water whic}l lad been us'd; tlie otlcr ro leE in fre{ll Tlle Stairs and Scat were cllietRy made of Rotnax Brick, becween fifteen and fev^enZ teen Xnclaes long, betwteen clea7en and twelve broads and near one and a half ehick. At tll: North Side of the Bath tlle G-rouncl was not openFd; bur at the kaR end of the Bath and Pavement, at the South Side of the Pavement, and at the WeR end of both, :there feem'd to bave been feveral Xtaults or Cellars: for there were
R r r g \7¢ry
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{arcler ends of z h-ich we ciid not t-race)j salto!¢ lrounda tions w-ere as low as that wllicll iopporfevl- the Pave- ment: bO chat ro tlle depch of fix Fon; ti uround zas hJl'd wi;h filcil Rubbiil) as was cak<oel wua ot tile Bath. Alle Brscks in tbis Rubbsill; slich xvvrt a11 btv-kefi had feverai ciegrets of thickt}e;§ Svm threu t-schts to a !ttl: n<ore than one Inch {Qlne !ad onc eE chAir -ridg ravd as in Eg. w; fome tretAsic as in Fzg- 3. others had Rowes on tllCm well inzirattd: sse found alGo two sort$ of channel'd fSricks; alPe lne l«ke a Trough, ttle
Chatlnel thrce lncll-s bread and as many deep, the Brick it felf an [ncla and a half rllick: Slle other Sortt had a Cylindrical Cllannel ; fo that W hen tWO were clapr togetllers vlley form'd a hollo:r Cylinuer of three Ificiles
Piameterk Thel<e channell?d fiticks: being ail IJroken, cheir Length when ellole i, uacettaln, as is tlle USe tbey ferv'd ao ; *rhetller {or PaSages tO conveigb ̂ater; or
whether lhey ucre placed in tlle Wails tO difiribute Eleat througlsuw tht6vildiin; as was ulual in ehe anX sient Strudures at Ra,4neu
'Tis fartl:er obSeroub}e, rhet2 the Grounel was open'd the fecond time; that off from ehe foutll-Well corner of the Pauement. whicll the [etrv-r G nleS; five FOot lowZ er than alle Surface cf ehe Pavefnent, tllere WaS difcow wer'd a large S-pace (to tIze cnd of whicll we did not (earch), paved witll Brick, eleven Inclles broad, almoft one and a h31f tllick, and fi.recrx long; fublRanrially was ijc pav'd; for it had two bouFtes of this Brxct TI ere wtas half a Foot of atortat under the lower CourGe; and abotlt an Inch of Mortar lcsetween t jle two Courfes * thefe {3ricks alSo were perfectly well nzadoi bU£ on the under Side of eacll, were tWO Knobs, about tlle flzc of haIf a VYzIlnut; fix'dn-them as- may bc gucts'd,
to
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to- keep them fleddy, t-ill - rhd Mortar they were Cot a might dry This pas'd Place was fearcllt 6 or 8 FOOE every way; it was all cover'd vith a (>oat aboalt tWO lnches thick, of A{hes and large Coals of Wood: - on £-hat lay confu-fedly large pieces of the Rgigs or coarfie Mortar abovemerxtion'df and Iumps of the [ilperx in all reSped;ts llke -thofe on t1ze PavementX and cernented as lshey s e-re. Ttlere were moreover mingled WSth tllC Atlles many large Iron Nails, bigger, but not quite fo lottg, as thofe we call double Tenns; fome HQOS for Doors to {wing on ; fieYerat fmall pieces of earthen Ware; fome like bitS of Urns ; fome of a fine yellow Clay; fome red, tbin, neatly wrought and adorn'd with Flowers9 and laRly part of a BumarJ Skull, and pieces of Bone$ near it $ which Bones were not inclos'd in any VeSel, but lay loofe; tbey were dificolour'd like- thoSe I lzave Weetl in lJrns; fo that the Body they belong'd tO, might perii by tlle lxame Flames, that thefie Buildtngs were de.Rroy'd by. There was no laCcription found eicller OI1 Stone 0r
Brick; no Statue, or other Figure, fave thoSe on the Bricks mention'd; neither wcre there any Coins met Witll tllere. But fometlling more than a Furlong Nortl" WeR of theSe Works, near three Years &;nce, tllere Sras
a MWalt-Houte, and near tWO Wears fnce a Dwelliag- Houte ereded ; in digging tl;e Foundations for the fir{t there was a Coin of Pof htt4; and in the Ground dug, for the laft, a piece of ConNatrif7e's found ; botll vwhich I Wend Witll tllis, that the InScriptions and Revcrfes may be incerted if neceIWary.
From the nearnels of ehe Bath, it may resConabls- be concluded tizat rile Pavement was nextiler a part of t Temple, nor for a place of 3uttice: t1Re continuation of
the Foundations every wav to be traced from ;r, and wbat was laA diScover'd, are rather an :^rgument it was an Apartment of a mag-nificent PalaceX
R r r r X Plie
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( sdo} tAin fuppoWed t1Rt there LitPolirotJ ( f ) or tefErared;
Pavements had their original in Gretaes but perllapsth: Greriaas borrow'd their Patterns from Afa for fro-m the Book of E0ther ( m ) we learn there was -a moR Royal Banqxlet at Szza, o a Lithof roton (lo tlle Septuagint has it) 0 CO2ty Stonews, four Hundred Years before tlle
time of $5ylla, who brougllt thenl firlt into 1.tw1y. rJew phus affirm! ( n ), tllac tile Grsidn Laws, Learning and A£ts svere fecch'd from wfJ .1 alld indeed w {5cn we refleA on r5le Anriguity of tlle Lesitist Law; tlle }'yra.midz of Egypt; tbetremple >f Sald3M; tl1e Walls and Paiaces of Bal§ylo; and the fumpuear remains of .lyrv and PetropOzlS; we llave tlO reaion to eficem tll: fRtecians Au- thors, but as good smitarors of tlro-fc early- Exansples of Learnillg and Arrs t31sy llad co folloxx!.
Wllen 2ai7yAus Cicero was here wscl) rXJxr, tlln fdcond time lle invaded 13ritdin; 11is Brortzzr tile incompdTable
[lly, had the overigllt of Some B;lildings lle llad apw pointcd to be made In tile Zilia +;>WnliafYX at stattno; and in a Letter [ent into Britain, Exll-y informs tvit2was, tl)at he- was wrell pleas'd with tlle Seat, and tlle more, be c;allSe tlle Patimented Piazza was Magnificencv tha£ the Pavement Seemd (o) co be exa-iwtJy well made: that he had diresSed fome Chambers tO be alter sl hecaufe be did not approYe of them: thar in tlle Batillng Apart- ment, lle had remov'd the Sweating Room into anotheE
corner of tlle Spvditerismi And afterwards in tt fame Letter makes mention of rucll another * ork wlicll xvas in hand for him in tire City alSol Again, about tlle time txificias return7d out of Britaios, and A as fixt with the Legion he prefi-ded over, in winter Quarters
( I ) P!in. Se&. Hi*. Lib. XXXVI. Cap. X.YV. ( 83 ) ERh. Chap, I v. 6. ( N ) leuSeph agnfl Appio^. Bl)ok l[lo ( 2 ) T ul 19 G in. ad Q,Jinite Frar, Lib. Ill. L . I)
among
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( 561 ) amorlt tlle Nerqvii (of which CxJtar in lliS Commentar-ies makes mention) ; E#y ( p ) takes norice of a Pavemene that was making for himlelf alfo: Exnolitiones Btriur#c
no%/rxm, fvn; in ntaxib#s; fed SWd pa: ad teS1tn jdw tcr- dda rn it rufiticx Ar¢ni J Ldterzi. tris !nitlred by hrZ roz that a LithoRrotox was one of the .eulzcrs of a con* ple3t SgX (f ? nrro was eigllty Vears old vll¢n llis Books de Re r/fin xvere compatc : Wlly W.-tS {+QmC.iD<o3 more than fitry when tile above cirod EpiRles tzsse wrote; (;X/r xshen a (3eneral, maue t!re 7Were ( r ) anci Srvilia tor ltasemenrs, to be paSt of his Baggage; and titrXvXuWs C7oren.porarS wiril thefe tllreet catis tlle Litho°
protas I tinvip Expgiit>**034"n- (s5); whicll make it evl dene theie Flonrs uere 1]c1d i-n c(Reem, by as greae Men as the World llas atiorded. ercn in vlleir riper Years; irom all rlis, re- may (->bterveE, that fometime before9 and in rhe firll Age- of t lle Empires tlle humour of thefe kinds of Floorings much prerall'd among tChe Ronwanso wherefore 'tis ncg wonder tlley are found in fo nlany places of this ,Iland tBut, as unprofitable Inventiors and CuQom-s in time grow Srale, and are laid afides fo fared it ziKll tllar of Pa^7ements :- For in the time of Pliny they bega-n to be c>uc of uSe on the Grosznd9 but tilen. he tElis US, rEley were n3ade above Stairs ( t ) or in his cxwn UJords in Chambers. Whether tlle Lio thoflrotaz in Chanabers- wese uSual in F;itr#sZ#ss days, we have -no VVarrant to fiuppoWe, from any hint in bis Writingss notwitb(tanding he gives lRules for making tllem, plano pede, on the Ground ; and b ( u) dio, (whicll
_ . . _
( p ) Ibid. EF. I i ( q ) Ter. Varro de Re ru{lic. I>zb. I1I. ( r ) 8uer.Tranq, Ju1 CSE:f Cap. 44. (J ) ^- ;rtHo PoA.
Lib VIt Cap. . ( t ) Plen. H;*. Lib. XXX\7t0 Cap. XX\J Pulfa deinde ex htlnao Pavimenea in cameras tranficre A vierc) * novitilum 8c hoc inverjtum. ( u ) M. Yitruo. Liba Vlle Cap. i. Sub diolyero maxime idonc; faciunda sunt pavimenta«
from
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( S62 ) firom-the Med1M by llim pre2rib'd muR be) aloR: beo cauSe fior fuAaining tllofie f# div} he otders the work aat detneath to be wcJl lecur ds Witil tWO lays of Pi-ank th2t pould croS (w) eacll otherp and be nailXd dowa ; the-n the StJtEwZn4tio or Pirclig tle Mortar, Terrace and rffJr¢ as before on t1]¢ Ground Buc becaute by ;b
WJio ttitrixs could nor defign Chambers; and aIthoaxgh i;lUny inEorms us tite Grerians usd ( x ) to cover or Flat rof tllcir HouEs witll rlle Pavements; yet finec nti ttr Fitrwviss nor Fi}X} merxti0n any [u Modie prevail- ing itl*^hesr tlmes at R0w>; it remain.sS that we may imagln: SS dro} or the ^SfdtJliv of Atitrgvitw to mean Pavel7zetlts mounted on Pitlars or Archess whicl) mighe aSord deliglltful Aloerraces out of the upper Roornsw and ffiadS Pzzaa underneatlz and in this Senfe perilaps £ray bc uilderlioo-d tll: PAZTi!;zZ PAX$eXE4tJ of i-JIr abolresmelllond. I5y Clle many Apartmerrs} the Found ations about rlleSe \Vorks point out, rllere feems tO have bnn nothing wllercin tbe Buildings tllat once {lood tllere, mlght totne {her£ of the magnifcent StruAures, xvherewitll rlle R8WASS dcligllted £o gratify tlleir Luxury- Tlle ufcs eacll were deflga'd for, is not to be derer- min: wlxecller tbere was a Piazza cover'd wsth a Li- thofiyr4/to^wweannor be afErnl'd -But be that es ic wil}; is ntxt to Demon0ration} ttlere was fome upper Floor futlaintd by lVood, and pavid witll tlle EslferSe, after
the ttme ntanner as Vxtrav;Ss direds; and, on tile
T3rick lJavement (IatR diScoversd3, the Coar of Alhes and tAlood Ccals with Naiis, coversd with large pieces of tlle As;lrxs and greac Jumps of the Ergirx wJcI1 cemented
( ¢> ) Ibid. itaque I; neceEltas coOgEFit} ur minime vitiofa tiant {;c trit Sc,undram: cum cOaxatum fuerit9 f<per alteracoaxatlo tranfYerfa lEcr_ nat.r cIasti{aue fixa, &a*---8tatuminatione £ta rudus inducatur £>c.
( X ) DIin. Hit. Lib. XXXV. Cap, XXV} Siibdiali; Grxci in7zencre -taliu bus domuscontegentes.
together
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( 563 ) together, and tbe 1W6le#) adhering to them; ffiew there was an upper Pal7cment brokc by irs fal} when Firc had cofum'd itS fupport.
I bave becn thus prolix, in giVig yOu the mo exad account I cotlld of this piece of Antiqu2ry; becauSc we c-annot lave a lcSs Sen(8e of the admirable Rt^les and bIe rhodss tlle RozJn People made uSe of, sn framing thetr Buildingss and ordering otller Convc*.lieles for in joy° ment and MagsniScence: tban of t11e in-omparable Ma nagement tlley had in tBneir N§iliLary Preparations and Dilclpliae; whtcll are fo to tl> Lifc repreC*nted by (} ) yoJLphgs, and fo punwiually defcribed lry ( z ) hetiss.
As to tlle Roman ArchireEtu;^e it may not be aStps
liere to n-ote; that utllen;tlley deGlgnd a E5uilding? they could not immediately begin it: their Preparations reZ quird time: tSy theit utell (hap'd durable f3ricks, and bysthei-r StoneliAeMortar, we may plainly perceives Xhey built not witll {ucll haRy-Marerials as are-now us'd. trsBviSs (a) and Pliny both dirc2 tlarBrick ffioul-d loe form'd in tbe Spring, and be two Years dry- 1ng And wlzere; llliny fpeaks of ehcis LMortar, be fajys9 'twas^ordaind by: the old Laws (6) -o-f Romc, tllat no IiJadertaker fhould Suild a Hou(e svith Mortar whicil had not bec£} made three Years before. We find indeed, their Wsils (eem to bid fair for EterniwSr; wvhereas ours, from Parcimony and ill Management, are- fcarce able to end;urc one Age.
the reR of tAis learxed Dix<rvgrfe, bl trhich 'tis mtde Xore t-San prot&le that hete cxce ;}ood tAte Roman Ci? An-
deridssf ds:)[roed y tbe Saxons bcst tPe Zear yoo; thszoh estry stioUX, tet being shiefly /i/9ar.{Jt, Jebs azot Jo Dra,
perl} the 5X6jeA of thefc trJXylfi}ionsO (, y ) g.ofetbus9s 55Jars of tne ef eguse Rook Tw 1 Cllap. JITo (z) Veget. de Re Militari. (,1 Mw thtrQ. Svl. lxio. l-t. Cap. 1X1.
