PUBLIKASI ILMIAH
AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND WORD
FOUND IN HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE MOVIE
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of English Education
By:
NUR RAHMAWATI
A 320 160 169
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2020
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AN ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND WORD
FOUND IN HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER’S STONE MOVIE
Abstrak
Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan mengklasifikasikan jenis kata majemukdan arti
kata majemuk yang ditemukan di film Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. Peneliti
menggunakan teori Ralli dan Palmer untuk mengalisis jenis jenis kata dan arti kata
majemuk. Teknik dokumentasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Proses
pengumpulkan data yang dilakukan peneliti adalah dengan mengunduh film tersebut,
menonton film tersebut, menandai kata majemuk didalam film tersebut, pengkodean data,
mengelompokkan kata majemuk sesuai dengan jenisnya dan jenis arti kata majemuk
kemudian menganalisis data menggunakan teori Ralli (2013:30) tentang jenis-jenis kata
majemuk dan Palmer (1981:35) tentang jenis arti kata. Berdasarkan analisis data, peneliti
menemukan 36 kata majemuk yang terdiri atas 26 kata benda majemuk nomina, 8 kata kerja
majemuk verba, 1 kata majemuk adjectiva dan 1 kata majemuk adverbia. Selain itu, peneliti
juga menemukan 36 arti kata majemuk yaitu 15 data termasuk kedalam arti opaque dan 21
data termasuk kedalam arti transparent.
Kata Kunci: kata majemuk, jenis kata majemuk, arti kata majemuk, harry potter
Abstract
The aims of this descriptive qualitative research are to categorize the types of compound
word and to analyze the meaning of compound word found in Harry Potter and The
Sorcerer’s Stone. This research used Ralli and Palmer’s theory to investigate the types of
compound word and the meaning of compound word. This research used documentation
method to collect the data which include the pocess of downloading the movie, coding the
data and classifying the compound word according to their types and their meanings. The
data are analyzed deploying the theory by Ralli (2013:30) about the types of compound and
Palmer’s (1981:35) about the meaning of word. Based on data analysis, the researcher found
36 compound which consists of 26 noun compound, 8 verb compound, 1 adjective
compound and 1 adverb compound. Besides, the researcher found 36 meanings which
consists of 21 transparent meaning and 15 opaque meaning.
Keywords: compound words, compound types, compound meaning, harry potter
1. INTRODUCTION
Compound word is one of morphological process of forming the new words. Compounding is a
process of combining of lexical categories to create a larger word with new meaning. According to
Booji (2005:75), compound word is defined that compound word consists of the mixture of lexemes
into new words. In other word, compound word consists of the mixture of two words. Besides that,
according to Denham and Lobeck (2013:197), a compound is formed when two or more words behave
a single word. One way to recognize the compound word is by stress patterns; typically, compound
stress falls on the first word in compound. Based on the explanation before, it can be concluded that
compound word consists of two or more words that those words will create the new meaning. There
are four types of compound word according to Ralli (2013:30), as follows, noun compound,
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verb compound, adjective compound and adverb compound. Noun compound is the type of compound
follows from the head of compound which is noun, for example: Sweetheart, letterbox. Adjective
compound is the type of compound follows from the head of compound which is adjective, for
example: Bittersweet. Verb compound is the type of compound follows from the head of compound
which is verb, for example: Night walk. Adverb compound is the type of compound follows from the
head of compound which is adverb, for example: Left turn.
Compound word also has the meaning, according to Palmer (1981:35) there are two type of the
meaning of word, namely, transparent and opaque meaning. Transparent meaning is the meaning of
word can be determined by each part. Opaque meaning is the meaning of word that can’t be determined
by each part. Meanwhile, according to Kearns (2000:2) stated that there are six types of word meaning,
namely: denotation, sense, lexical meaning, structural meaning, categorematic expressions, and
syncategorematic expressions. Compound word can be found in newsletter, magazine, movie, novel,
short story and poem.
In this study, the researcher only focused on the morphological aspecty, especially on
compound word found in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone Movie. The researcher focuses on
the types of compound word and the meaning of compound word in this movie.
Here are the examples of compound words found in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone
movie:
“Cook breakfast and try not to burn anything”
The word “breakfast” is formed from the words “break” and “fast”. It is called compound word.
The word “break” means a crack. The word “fast” means moving or able to move quickly. The word
“breakfast” does not mean to break something quickly; rather, it is the first meal of the day. The word
breakfast is noun compound and classified as opaque meaning because the meaning of word can’t be
resolved by each part. The word “breakfast” in the sentence above is as object.
“Here he comes, the birthday boy”
The word “birthday” is formed from the word “birth” and “day”. It is called compound word. The word
“birth” means the time when someone born to the world. The word “day” means one of the days in a
week. The word “birthday” means the day when someone was born. The word “birthday” is noun
compound and classified as having transparent meaning because the meaning of the compound word
can be resolved by each part.
There are have been many researchers studied about morphology, especially about compound
word.
Samaae (UMS 2015) entitled An Analysis Compound Words Found in English Translation Of
Sahih- Albukhari. This was qualitative research. In this research, Samae has analyzed the compound
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word and the meaning of word that he found in English Translation of Sahih-Albukhari. Samae used
the tree diagram to analyze three types of compound word which is Noun Compound, Verb Compound
and Adjective Compound. The result shows that Noun Compound has the highest percentage which is
64,8%.
Another research was conducted by Oktiana (UMS 2013) entitled A Morphological Study on
Compound Words In English Translation of Al-Qur’an. This study was qualitative research. In this
research, Oktiana has analyzed about the compound word and the meaning of compound word that she
found in English Translation of Al-Qur’an. Oktiana used tree diagram to analyze the variations of
compound word and describe the meaning of those compound word. The result of this study show that
verb compound has the highest percentage which is 52,8% while the transparents meaning has the
highest percentage too which is 63,8%.
In addition, a resarch conducted by Ahmad and Hockley (2014) entitled The Role of Familiarity
in Associative recognition of unitized compound word pairs. Investigated to know the rsult of the effect
of unitization and contribution of familiarity of compound word pairs. They used some experiment in
this study. Resulting in a conclusion that unitization and contribution of familiarity of compound word
pairs has the effect.
Further, Martinez (2008) conducted a study on how ERP Correlates Inhibitory and Facilitative
effects of constituent frequency in Compound Word Reading. The objective of this study is the process
of reading compound word with high-frequency second and low-frequency second. The result shows
that high-frequency first constituents elicited larger negativities starting very early while low-frequency
second constituents elicited larger N400 amplitudes than high-frequency second constituents.
Inhoff (1996) entitled Compound Word Effects Differ in Reading, On-Line Naming, and Delayed
Naming Taks. The objective of the study is to find the compound word effect differ in reading, on-line
naming, and delayed naming tasks. The data collected by some experiment in this research. The result
shows that an on-line naming task revealed substantially shorter naming latencies for compound words
than for control and suffixed words.
The last previous study was one by Davis (2017) entitled Compounding Matters : Event-Related
potential evidence for early semantic access to compound word. The purpose of the study is to
investigate the early stages of this comprehension by means of event-related potentials col (ERPs) to
identify when this processing of meaning, called semantic processing, first occurs. The data, were
collected from the participants’ perfoming lexical decision task together with 40 compound words which
varied with respect to their constituent semantic transparency. The researchers analyzed the data by
word by word frequency and transparency of both the first and second constituents each uniquely
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predicted P100 amplitude. The result shows that some level of semantic access occurs as early as the
P100.
This research has some similarities which is dealing with the compound words and their
meaning. However, what makes it different is the object of the data. The writer chose the
morphology study of compound word in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone Movie.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, the researcher used qualitative research. The object of this research are the types of
compound word and their meaning of compound word found in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s
Stone. The data of this research are compound words while the data source of this research is taken
from the movie of Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone. The researcher used the documentation
method to assemble the data. There are stages to collect the data, i.e. downloading Harry Potter and
The Sorcerer’s Stone movie, watching the movie, finding the compound words, data coding and
classifying the kinds and the meaning of compound words. The writer used triangulation to validate
the data. In the forms of documentation and interview. The researcher used documentation to assemble
data and interview the expert judgment to validate the data. After that, the writer analyzed the data to
determine the types and the meaning of compound words.
3. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this study, the researcher found 36 of compound words consists of the types and the meaning. The
writer used Ralli (2013:30) to analyze the data. Based on the analysis, there are 26 data of noun
compound, 8 data of verb compound, 1 data of adjective compound and 1 data of adverb compound.
Some examples of noun compounds can be seen in the following:
Vernon: No more mail through this letterbox
. The sentence above happened when Harry Potter got lots of letters from Hogwarts that was
sent by owls to Vernon’s house. Uncle Verno was so angry because of those letters and he decided to
cover the letterbox.
The word “letterbox” is noun compound which consists of the word “letter” as noun which
means a direct or personal message addressed to a person or organization and the word “box” means
a place to puft something. Then, the word “letterbox” in the sentence above means a place which the
letters are placed to be entered and sent out. The meaning of the word “letterbox” is classified into
transparent meaning because the meaning can be determined by each part. The function of the word
“letterbox” in the sentence above is as noun taking position as an object of preposition.
Percy: Gryffindors, follow me please. Keep up. Thank you.
Boy: Ravenclaw, follow me. This way.
Percy: This is the most direct path to the dormitories. Oh,
and keep an eye on the staircases they like to change
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. The dialogue above happened when Percy, the leader of Gryffindors led his junior to went to
the dorm of Gryffindors. Percy said that the new students must be carefully because the staircases
might be change any time.
The word “staircases” in the sentence above is noun compound. “staircases” is a compound
word from the word “stair” and “case” and the suffix “-s” which means plural. Both of those word are
noun. The word “stair” means is a sequences of steps that go from one level to another level and the
word “case” means a set of circumstances. Furthermore, the meaning of “staircases” is a set of stairs
that go from one stair to another stair. The function of the word “staircases” is as an object.
In addition to noun compound, the example of verb compound are:
Aunt Petunia : Up! Get up! Now!
The sentence above happened when Aunt Petunia was trying to wake Harry by banging on
Harry’s door loudly, after that she returned to the kitchen to continue her activity.
The sentence above has a verb compound “Get up” which is a result of combining the word
“get” as verb and “up” as adverb. The word “get” means to come, move or go to something and the
word “up” means to make motion toward in a high position. The word “get up” is classifid to left-
headed compound because the word “get” is the head of the compound which is in the left and followed
by “up” as adverb. The word “get up” in the sentence above means to move from the bed and the
function of the word is exclamation.
Similarly, verb compound can also be found in the following sentence:
Dudley : Wake up, cousin! We’re going to the zoo
The sentence above happened when Dudley, Harry’s nephew, was trying to wake Harry from
his sleep by jumping up the stairs which is the position is right above the roof of Harry’s room which
is at the bottom of the stairs.
The word “Wake up” is verb compound. It consists of the word “wake” as verb and “up” as
adverb. The word “wake” means to cause someone to be awake after sleeping and the word “up” means
to make a move in high position. The word “wake up” is classified into left-headed compound which
the head of the compound is in the left and followed by adverb. In the sentence above the word “wake
up” means to make someone awake from sleeping. The meaning of word “wake up” is classified into
transparent meaning and the function of that word is as exclamation.
In addition, adjective compound also can be found in the following sentence:
Harry: Voldemort.
Voldemort: Yes. You see what I have become? See what I must
do to survive? Live off another. A mere parasite. Unicorn blood
can sustain me, but it cannot give me a body of my own. But
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there is something that can. Something, that conveniently
enough, lies in your pocket!
Voldemort: Stop him! Don't be a fool! Why suffer a horrific
death when you can join me and live?!
Harry: Never!
Voldemort: Haha. Bravery. Your parents had it too. Tell
me, Harry, would you like to see your mother and father again?
Together, we can bring them back. All I ask for is something in
return. That's it, Harry. There is no good and evil. There is only
power, and those too weak to seek it. Together, we'll do
extraordinary things. Just give me the stone!
The conversation above occurred when Harry Potter met Voldemort who was the wizard with
black magic. Voldemort was an evil wizard. He wanted to steal the philosopher stone from Harry
Potter because he knew that the stone would give him more power. Voldemort forced Harry to give
that stone to him and invited Harry to join him to create the extraordinary things.
The word “extraordinary” is adjective compound which consists of two word, “extra” and
“ordinary”. The word “extra” means something more than usual and the word “ordinary” means
something which is usual or normal. Therefore, the word “extraordinary” means something which is
more than usual or something which is special. The word “extraordinary” is transparent meaning
because the meaning of that word can be determined from the meaning of each part and the function
of the word “extraordinary” in the sentence above is as object.
Besides, adverb compound can also can be found in the following sentence:
Percy: Gather 'round here. Welcome to the Gryffindor Common
Room. Boys' dormitories, upstairs and down to your left. Girls,
the same on your right. You'll find that your belongings have
already been brought up.
The sentence occurred when Percy as class leaders gave a hint to his junior that the boys’
dormitories was on the upstairs down to the left and girls in on the right.
The word “upstairs” is adverb compound which consists of two words. The first word is “up”
as adverb and the second word is “stair” as noun. The word “up” means a sign or direction to a higher
point. After that, the word “stair” means a sequence of steps that go from one level to another level.
So, the word “upstairs” means a sequence of steps to go to the higher level or point.
According to the explanation above, it shows that the word “upstairs” is transparent meaning
because the meaning of the word “upstairs” can be resolved by each part and the function of that word
is as adverb of place.
Further, the researcher also figured out the meanings of compound word reffering to Palmer
(1981:35). There are 36 data of the meaning of compound words. There are 21 data of transparent
meaning and 15 data of opaque meaning.
Opaque meaning is the meaning of word that can’t be determined by each part, as can be seen in this
dialog
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Petunia: It's all right, sweetheart. We’ll get you out of these
cold clothes.
Harry: Ow!
Vernon: What happened?
Harry: I swear I don't know! One minute the glass was there
and then it was gone! It was like magic!
Vernon: There's no such thing as magic!
The dialogue above happened when Petunia, Harry and Vernon had arrived at home after
visited the zoo. Petunia worried about his sweetheart who was her son, Dudley, because Dudley looked
cold after he plunged into a pool inside a snake cage unexpectedly. Vernon was angry with Harry
because he thought that Harry did something to make Dudley fell into a pool. Harry tried to explain
that it was happened because of magic but Vernon didn’t believe and blamed Harry for that incident.
The word “sweetheart” in the dialogue above refers to Dudley who is Petunia and Vernon’s
son. The word “sweetheart” is noun compound which consists of two word. The first word is “sweet”.
Generally, “sweet” means one of the tastes of food or or beverage which typically induced by sugar.
The second word is “heart”. The word “heart” generally means one of the structures in the body but
the word “heart” in the word “sweetheart” means the symbol of expression of love. Besides, the word
“sweetheart” means someone who is loved.
Therefore, the meaning of word “sweetheart” classified into opaque meaning because the
meaning of that word can’t be resolved by each part.
Another opaque meaning can be seen in the following dialog:
Vernon: Fine day Sunday. In my opinion, best day of the week.
Why is that, Dudley?
Harry: Because there's no post on Sunday?
Vernon: Ah, right you are, Harry. No post on Sunday. Hah! No
blasted letters today. No, sir. No sir, not one single bloody letter.
Not one ! not one blasted, miserable---
The conversation above occurred when Vernon, Harry’s uncle, was happy because there were
none of letters came in their house on Sunday. The letter referred to Vernon was the letters from
Hogwarts to Harry Potter.
The word “Sunday” is noun compound word. The word “Sunday” is the combination of two
word, the first word is “sun” and the second word is “day”. Both of those words are noun. The word
“sun” means the celestial or the core of the solar system and the word “day” as noun which means one
of the seven time periods in a week. Furthermore, the meaning of “Sunday” isn’t the core of the solar
system day but it means the first day of the week.
The meaning of the word “Sunday” is classified into opaque meaning because the meaning of
that word can’t be resolved by the meaning of each part. Then, the function of that word is as object.
The second type of meaning found in this study is transparent meaning, as can be seen in the following
dialog:
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McGonagall: All right, will you wait along here, please?
Now, before we begin, Professor Dumbldedore would like to
say a few words.
Dumbledore: I have a few start of term notices I wish to
announce. The first years please note that the dark forest is
strictly forbidden to all students. Also, our caretaker, Mr. Filch
has asked me to remind you that the 3rd floor corridor on the
right hand side is out of bounds to everyone who does not wish
to die a most painful death. Thank you.
The situation above happened when Prof. Dumbledore as headmaster of Hogwarts has spoken
a few words to inform to the students that the students didn’t allowed to the dark forest. Hogwarts’
caretaker also asked to Prof. Dumbledor to remind the students that the third-floor corridor on his right
hand side was out of bounds to students who did not wish to die.
The word “caretaker” is noun compound which consist of two word, as follows, the word
“care” as noun and “take” which followed by suffix “-er” as noun. The word “care” means watchful
attention of something and the word “care” means to get into someone’s control. The word “caretaker”
means someone who has the duty to watchful attention of something. The meaning of that word is
transparent meaning because the meaning of the word “caretaker” can be resolved by each part.
Transparent meaning can also be seen in the dialog between Harry and Neville:
Harry: Where's Hermione?
Neville: Parvati Patil said that she wouldn't come out of the girl's
bathroom. She said that she'd been in there all afternoon...crying.
The dialogue happened when Harry Potter did not find Hermione after Ron Wesley mocked
Hermione when they were in Prof. Fliwick’s class, so Harry Potter asked to his friend. After that,
Neville said that he was told by Parvati Patil that Hermione didn’t want to come out from the bathroom.
The word “bathroom” is noun compound which the meaning of that word is transparent
meaning. The word “bathroom” consists of two word, “bath” and “room”. Both of them are noun. The
word “bath” means take a shower or a washing of the body and the word “room” means a space that
used for something.
The word “bathroom” means a space to take a shower. The meaning of word “bathroom” is
transparent meaning because that word can be resolved by the meaning of each part of word.
4. CONCLUSION
After analyzed the data, the researcher concluded that there four types of compound word i.e. noun
compound, verb compound, adjective compound and adverb compound. Besides, the researcher also
found two meaning of word i.e. opaque and transparent meanings in Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s
Stone Movie. The result of this research was in line with the theory of the types of compound words
proposed by Ralli (2013:30) and the types of compound words meaning by Palmer (1985:35). The
implication of this study on English teaching is that that this research can develop the knowledge about
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morphology especially the types of compound word and the students can analyze the types of
compound word.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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evidence for early semantic access to compound words. Cognition, 184, 44–52.
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Qur’an. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
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