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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION SHIFT
ON NOUN PHRASE IN TRANSLATING
THE MAZE RUNNER NOVEL BY YUNITA CANDRA
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
AISYAH AULIA RAHMADILLAH
A 320 150 184
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2019
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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION SHIFT
ON NOUN PHRASE IN TRANSLATING
THE MAZE RUNNER NOVEL BY YUNITA CANDRA
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis frasa kata benda dan
terjemahannya serta mengidentifikasi pergeseran terjemahan frasa kata benda yang
ditemukan dalam novel The Maze Runner karya James Dashner yang diterjemahkan
oleh Yunita Candra. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan data
yang diambil dari novel The Maze Runner. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik
dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data dan menggunakan teknik perbandingan
untuk menganalisis. Hasilnya, peneliti menemukan 28 jenis frasa kata benda dalam
Susunan Bahasa Inggris dan 26 jenis frasa kata benda dalam Susunan Bahasa
Indonesia yang ditemukan di bab 1-10 dari novel The Maze Runner. Peneliti juga
menemukan 2 jenis pergeseran terjemahan frasa kata benda yaitu; 123 atau 26,34%
data frasa kata benda dimasukkan sebagai Level Shift yang dibagi menjadi 79 atau
16,92% data frasa kata benda menjadi kata benda atau kata, 30 atau 6,42% data frasa
kata benda ke dalam kata kerja, 10 atau 2, 14% data frasa nomina menjadi kata sifat,
dan 4 atau 0,86% data frasa nomina menjadi kata sifat. Kemudian, ada 344 atau
73,66% data frasa kata benda yang termasuk dalam Structure Shift yang terbagi
menjadi 322 atau 68,95% data frasa kata benda menjadi frasa kata benda, 6 atau
1,28% data frasa kata benda ke dalam kata kerja frase, 12 atau 2,57% data frasa kata
benda ke dalam frase kata sifat, dan 4 atau 0,86% data frasa kata benda ke dalam
frasa adverbia.
Kata kunci: Pergeseran Terjemahan, Analisis Pergeseran Terjemahan, Noun Phrase.
Abstract
This research purposes to classify the types of noun phrases and their translation and
to identify the translation shifts of noun phrase found in The Maze Runner Novel by
James Dashner which translated by Yunita Candra. The research is descriptive
qualitative research with the data taken from The Maze Runner Novel. The research
uses documentation technique for collecting data and uses comparison techniques to
analyze. As the results, the researcher found 28 types of noun phrase in English Form
and 26 types of noun phrase in Indonesian Form found in chapter 1-10 of The Maze
Runner novel. The researcher also found 2 types of translation shift of noun phrase
which are; 123 or 26,34% data of noun phrase included as Level Shift which is
divided into 79 or 16,92% data of noun phrase into noun or word, 30 or 6,42% data
of noun phrase into verb, 10 or 2,14% data of noun phrase into adjective, and 4 or
0,86% data of noun phrase into adverb. Then, there are 344 or 73,66% data of noun
phrase which is included as Structure Shift which is divided into 322 or 68,95% data
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of noun phrase into noun phrase, 6 or 1,28% data of noun phrase into verb phrase, 12
or 2,57% data of noun phrase into adjective phrase, and 4 or 0,86% data of noun
phrase into adverb phrase.
Keywords : Translation Shift, Translation Shift Analysis, Noun Phrase.
1. INTRODUCTION
Translation is important to exchange some information and the result which is
appropriate with the native language. Not everybody can do easily. For example is the
translation in novel. Discussing about novel, the translation usually found in another
book which is in separated selling. It is very useful to the reader to understand the
native language of the conversation in the story. To make subtitles or translation,
people must know the techniques of translating foreign language into target language.
The research certainly gets the difficulty to understand the novel when it has no
subtitles or translation. According to Catford (1965) states that translation is the
replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in
other language (TL) (p.20). Translation or interpretation is transferring the message
from the source language into the target language. The object is the noun phrase
found in the novel entitled The Maze Runner. The researcher chooses the story
because the novel has a good dramatic story and critical ending for adults. In the
novel, the researcher finds some examples of noun phrase. Some of them are;
Example :
SL : He stared at the old woman in the picture.
TL : Dia memandang lukisan wanita tua itu.
In this datum above, there is a noun phrase in source language that is the old
woman. The phrase the old woman included into noun phrase, because it is formed
by the word the as article old as adjective and the word woman as noun. The noun
phrase the old woman is translated into wanita tua in Indonesian. The word wanita
tua included to noun phrase. Wanita tua is classified into wanita as noun and tua as
adjective. The noun phrase above aims to noun phrase as object.
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The research background, the problems are; 1) What are the types of noun
phrase and their translation found in The Maze Runner Novel by Yunita Candra? 2)
What kind of translation shifts of noun phrase that are found in The Maze Runner
Novel by Yunita Candra?
Based on the problems, the researcher formulates the objective; 1) To classify
the types of noun phrases and their translation found in The Maze Runner Novel by
Yunita Candra. 2) To identify the translation shifts of noun phrase found in The Maze
Runner Novel by Yunita Candra.
The first previous study is from Al-Anshory (2015) entitled “A Translation
Analysis of Noun Phrase from English into Indonesian on Unilever’s Product”, a
graduate from Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The objectives of the
research are to describe the translation shift of noun phrase on Unilever’s product,
identify the types of translation shift of noun phrase, and to explain the equivalence
translation.
The second previous study is from Kur’Anna (2017) entitled “Intrasystem
Shift Analysis in The Maze Runner Novel by Yunita Candra”, a graduate from
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The purposes of the research are to classify
the intrasystem shift in English-Indonesia novel The Maze Runner and to describe the
quality of the translation of the novel.
The third previous study is from Utami (2013), a graduate from
Muhammadiyah University Surakarta, with entitled “Translation Shift of Noun
Phrase in The Safe Movie and its Subtitling”. The objectives of the research are to
clarify the translation shift of noun phrase and to describe the equivalent translation
of noun phrase in the Safe movie and its subtitling.
The next previous study was done by Schwarzchild (2006), from Department
of Linguistic in Rutgers University, which entitled ”The Role Dimensions in The
Syntax of Noun Phrase”. The purpose is to describe the position of the expressions
types within the noun phrase limits the kinds of the describing dimensions.
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The other previous study was done by Dewi (2014) with entitled “The
Equivalence and Shift in The Indonesian Translation of English Adjective Phrase”
from English Linguistics Department of Faculty of Humanities in Padjadjaran
University. The purposes of the research are to investigate and analyze the
equivalence and shift found in Indonesian translation of English adjective phrases in
magazine articles.
The other previous study of translation was done by Shoolikhah (2018), a
graduate from Muhammadiyah University Surakarta, with entitled “Translation Shift
of Noun Phrase in Trolls Movie and its Subtitling”. The objectives of the research are
to identify the translation shift of noun phrase and to describe the equivalent
translation of movie script in Trolls movie and its subtitling.
The last previous study was done by Santiari (2017), a graduated from English
Department of Faculty of Arts in Udayana University, which entitled “Translation
Shift in Translating English Noun Phrases into Indonesian Noun Phrases found in
“Let it Snow” into “Dalam Derai Salju””. The aims of the research are to describe
the translation shifts of noun phrase applied in translating English noun phrase into
Indonesian noun phrase in Let It Snow and to identify translation meaning in noun
phrase found in translating English noun phrase into Indonesian noun phrase in Let It
Snow.
The researcher uses theory from Catford (1965) states that translation is the
replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in
other language (TL) (p.20). According to Catford (1965 p.73), translation shift is
divided into two such as Level Shift and Category Shift. Level shift/ unit shift is a
changing of noun phrase meaning into different level or position. Category shift are
departures from formal correspondence in translation which classified into class shift,
structure shift, unit shift, and intrasystem shift (p.76).
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2. METHOD
In the research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research. The data in the
study are a group of words that forming to be noun phrase, which consists of an
article and a head. The Maze Runner Novel by Yunita Candra is the data source. The
data was analyzed using theory of Catford (1965). The researcher uses comparing
techniques in collecting the data to get the validity and collects the data by analyzing
the data.
3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this part, the researcher shows the result of the study. The researcher classified the
noun phrase into 28 types in English Form and 26 types of noun phrase in Indonesian
Form which are mentioned below;
There are 28 types of noun phrase in English Form:
NP1 : Noun+Noun
NP2 : Noun+Adjective
NP3 : Noun+Adjective+Noun
NP4 : Noun+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Article+Noun
NP5 : Article+Noun
NP6 : Article+Noun+Noun
NP7 : Article+Noun+Adverb
NP8 : Article+Noun+Prepositional+Noun
NP9 : Article+Noun+Prepositional+Article+Noun
NP10 : Article+Noun+Prepositional+Possesive Pronoun+Noun
NP11 : Article+Noun+Prepositional+Adjective
NP12 : Article+Adjective+Noun
NP13 : Article+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Noun
NP14 : Article+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Article +Noun
NP15 : Article+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Adjective +Noun
NP16 : Article+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Article
+Adjective+Noun
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NP17 : Article+Adjective+Prepositional+Noun
NP18 : Article+Adjective+Prepositional+Article+Noun
NP19 : Article+Adjective+Prepositional+Article+Adjective +Noun
NP20 : Article+Adjective+Adverb+Noun
NP21 : Article+Adverb+Noun
NP22 : Adjective+Noun
NP23 : Adjective+Noun+Conjunction+Noun
NP24 : Adverb+Noun
NP25 : Possesive Pronoun+Noun
NP26 : Possesive Pronoun+Noun+Conjunction+Noun
NP27 : Possesive Pronoun+Adjective+Noun
NP28 : Possesive Pronoun+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional +Noun
There are 28 types of noun phrase in Indonesian Form:
NPa : Noun
NPb : Noun+ Noun
NPc : Noun+Adjective
NPd : Noun+Adjective+Noun
NPe : Noun+Adjective+Possesive Pronoun
NPf : Noun+Adjective+Demonstrative
NPg : Noun+Adjective+yang+Verb
NPh : Noun+Adverb
NPi : Noun+Adverb+Adjective
NPj : Noun+Adverb+Possesive Pronoun
NPk : Noun+Adverb+Demonstrative
NPl : Noun+Possesive Pronoun
NPm : Noun+Possesive Pronoun+Verb
NPn : Noun+Possesive Pronoun+yang+Adjective
NPo : Noun+Demonstrative
NPp : Noun+Numelia
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NPq : Noun+Verb+Adjective
NPr : Noun+Conjunction+Noun
NPs : Noun+yang+Verb
NPt : Noun+yang+Adverb
NPu : Noun+yang+Adjective
NPv : Noun+yang+Adjective+Demonstrative
NPw : Verb
NPx : Verb+Adjective
NPy : Adjective
NPz : Adjective+Noun
From the form of noun phrase, the researcher found 2 types of translation shift
of noun phrase. There are Level Shift which divided into noun phrase into noun or
word, noun phrase into verb, noun phrase into adjective and noun phrase into adverb
and Structure Shift which divided into noun phrase into noun phrase, noun phrase
into verb phrase, noun phrase into adjective phrase and noun phrase into adverb
phrase.
C.1 Level Shift, In this research, there are 123 data of noun phrase that
translated into level shift; noun phrase into noun or word, noun phrase into verb, noun
phrase into adjective, and noun phrase into adverb.
C.1.1 Noun Phrase into Noun or Word
NP5 (Article+Noun) – NPa (Noun)
097/CHP2/SL/TL
SL : He held a hand out.
TL : Dia mengulurkan tangan.
From the data, the phrase a hand is formed Article+Noun. The phrase a hand
is functioned as Direct Object in Source Language. The word a is as Determiner, and
hand is as Head. While, a hand is translated into tangan in Target Language which
is formed Noun as Head and it has function as Direct Object. The phrase belongs to
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Level Shift. There is a shifting from Noun Phrase into Noun or Word. There is no
distinguish meaning which transferred from Source Language to the meaning of
Target Language.
C.1.2 Noun Phrase into Verb
NP12 (Article+Adjective+Noun) – NPw (Verb)
042/CHP1/SL/TL
SL : Someone lowered a rope from above, the end of it tied into a big
loop.
TL : Seseorang menurunkan seutas tali, ujungnya diikat melingkar.
From the data, the phrase a big loop is formed Article+Adjective+Noun. The
phrase is functioned as Complement in Source Language. The word a is as
Determiner, big is as Pre-modifier, and loop is as Head. Then, a big loop is translated
into melingkar which is formed Verb as Head and has function as Complement in
Target Language. This phrase belongs to Level Shift. There is a shifting from Noun
Phrase into Verb. The meaning from Source Language is not turning the meaning in
Target Language.
C.1.3 Noun Phrase into Adjective
NP12 (Article+Adjective+Noun) – NPy (Adjective)
159/CHP3/SL/TL
SL : “Don’t know,” the chubby boy replied; his voice still carried the
high pitch of childhood.
TL : “Tak tahu,” anak gemuk itu menjawab; suaranya masih nyaring
khas anak-anak.
In Source Language, the phrase the high pitch is formed
Article+Adjective+Noun. It is functioned as Indirect Object. The word the is as
Determiner, high is as Pre-modifier, and pitch is as Head. While in Target Language,
the high pitch is translated into nyaring which is formed Adjective as Head and it
has function as Indirect Object. The phrase belongs to Level Shift. There is a shifting
from Noun Phrase into Adjective. The translation meaning of Source Language
doesn’t transform the Target Language meaning.
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C.1.4 Noun Phrase into Adverb
NP24 (Possesive Pronoun+Noun) – NPp (Adverb)
018/CHP1/SL/TL
SL : Someone tapped him on the elbow; he looked over to see Chuck
by his side again.
TL : Seseorang menyenggol sikunya. Dia menoleh dan melihat Chuck
sudah berada di sebelah lagi.
From the data, the phrase his side is formed Possesive Pronoun+Noun. It is
functioned as Indirect Object in Source Language. The word his is as Pre-determiner,
and side is as Head. Then, his side is translated into sebelah which is formed Adverb
as Head. It has function as Complement in Target Language. The phrase his side
belongs to Level Shift of Noun Phrase into Adverb. There is no difference meaning in
Source Language to the meaning which translated into Target Language.
C.2 Structure Shift
There are 344 data of noun phrase that translated into structure shift; noun
phrase into noun phrase, noun phrase into verb phrase, noun phrase into adjective
phrase, and noun phrase into adverb phrase.
C.2.1 Noun Phrase into Noun Phrase
123/CHP2/SL/TL
SL : Alby let go of Thomas’s shirt and stepped back, his chest
heaving with breaths.
TL : Alby melepas cengkeramannya pada baju Thomas dan
mundur, napasnya terengah-engah.
From the data, the phrase Thomas’s shirt is formed Possesive Noun+Noun. It
is functioned as Indirect Object in Source Language. The word Thomas is as Pre-
modifier, and shirt is as Head. While, Thomas’s shirt is translated into baju
Thomas which is formed Noun+Noun. It has function as Indirect Object in Target
Language. The word baju is as Head, and Thomas is as Post-modifier. The phrase
Thomas’s shirt belongs to Structure Shift. The shifting is occured from Noun Phrase
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into Noun Phrase. The meaning is not changing between the Source Language to
Target Language.
C.2.2 Noun Phrase into Verb Phrase
101/CHP2/SL/TL
SL : “Seriously,” he said, giving up on the show of courage.
TL : “Aku tidak main-main,” dia berkata, menyerah
menunjukkan sikap berani.
The phrase the show of courage is formed
Article+Noun+Prepositional+Noun that is functioned as Complement in Source
Language. The word the is as Determiner, show is as Head, and of courage is as
Post-modifier. While in Target Language, the show of courage is translated into
menunjukkan sikap berani which is formed Verb+Adjective and has function as
Complement. The phrase menunjukkan sikap berani is as Verb Phrase. This phrase
is included as Level Shift from Noun Phrase into Verb Phrase. There is no difference
meaning from Source Language to Target Language.
C.2.3 Noun Phrase into Adjective Phrase
197/CHP5/SL/TL
SL : Thomas felt a new surge of confidence, even though he
truly didn’t know what he was talking about.
TL : Thomas merasa semakin yakin meskipun sejujurnya dia
tak mengetahui alasannya.
From the data, the phrase a new surge of confidence is formed
Article+Adjective+Noun+Prepositional+Noun. It has functioned as Complement in
Source Language. The word a is as Determiner, new surge is as Pre-modifier, and of
confidence is as Head. While in Target Language, a new surge of confidence is
translated into semakin yakin which is formed Noun+Adjective. It has function as
Complement. The phrase semakin yakin is as Adjective Phrase. It is included as
Level Shift from Noun Phrase into Adjective Phrase. The meaning which transferred
to Target Language doesn’t transform the meaning from Source Language.
C.2.4 Noun Phrase into Adverb Phrase
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193/CHP5/SL/TL
SL : He pointed again, this time right at Thomas’s chest.
TL : Dia menuding lagi, kali ini tepat ke dada Thomas.
In Source Language, the phrase this time is formed Possesive Pronoun+Noun.
It has functioned as Complement. The word this is as Pre-determiner, and time is as
Head. Then in Target Language, this time is translated into kali ini which is formed
Noun+Demonstrative. And it has function as Complement. The phrase kali ini is as
Adverb Phrase. The phrase belongs to Level Shift from Noun Phrase into Adverb
Phrase. The translation meaning which translated from Source Language to Target
Language doesn’t turn the meaning.
There are 2 types of translation shift of noun phrase found in the novel. There
are 123 or 26,34% data of noun phrase included as Level Shift which is divided into
79 or 16,92% data of noun phrase into noun or word, 30 or 6,42% data of noun
phrase into verb, 10 or 2,14% data of noun phrase into adjective, and 4 or 0,86% data
of noun phrase into adverb. Then, there are 344 or 73,66% data of noun phrase which
is included as Structure Shift which is divided into 322 or 68,95% data of noun
phrase into noun phrase, 6 or 1,28% data of noun phrase into verb phrase, 12 or
2,57% data of noun phrase into adjective phrase, and 4 or 0,86% data of noun phrase
into adverb phrase.
4. CONCLUSION
After get the result, the researcher found two implications. First, for the lecturer, this
research could be teach moreover about the types of noun phrase. Furthermore,
various theories of types of noun phrase could be delivered more detail to the learners
from this research. The learners and lecturers should give more attention to learn
about types of noun phrase, especially in Source Language to Target Language.
Secondly, for the other writer of literary work, the writer could be used
grammatical language. Moreover, the writer could be used easy understanding
translation, especially for the children or beginners which read some novel or another
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literary work. From this research, the writer should be needed another evaluation that
able to produce a good translation.
First, the researcher suggests that it is important to give more attention of the
grammatical structure in translating a text, novel or another fiction. For the beginners
or new English learners, it could be difficult to understand the shifting moreover the
changing of class, structure, or terms of system.
Secondly, for the next researcher, choose the best seller novel or another
interest novel. Because it could be more interesting and not boring for read. Then the
researcher will be motivated to analyze it.
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