Library Skills (Q and A) Questions 1. What are the differences between References and Bibliography? 2. What is Spine? What information is available on Spine? 3. What is the name of your librarian? 4. Who is your favourite fiction author? 5. What is your favourite type of book to check out from the non-fiction section? 6. Who would you most want to read a biography about? 7. How many Dewey categories can you name? 8. Select any assignment or thesis. Identify the related books. Come up with the references. Answers References vs. Bibliography (Bibliog. > Refs.) A Reference book is a book of facts (for consultation), such as a dictionary or an encyclopaedia, which you look at to discover particular information. Bibliography is a list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing a particular book or article. References contain only those works cited/quoted within the text, but a Bibliography is any list of references at the end of a text, whether cited or not. o texts you made use of o texts you referred to o your own additional background reading o any other articles you think the reader might need as background reading Both Refs. & Bibliog. must be in alphabetical order; and each entry must be laid out in a strictly ordered sequence. The difference lies not so much in how they look as in what they contain. Spine and Reading the Spine of a Book The outside edge of the book to which the pages are gathered and bound is referred to as the Spine of a book.
Transcript
Library Skills (Q and A)
Questions
1. What are the differences between References and Bibliography?
2. What is Spine? What information is available on Spine?
3. What is the name of your librarian?
4. Who is your favourite fiction author?
5. What is your favourite type of book to check out from the non-fiction section?
6. Who would you most want to read a biography about?
7. How many Dewey categories can you name?
8. Select any assignment or thesis. Identify the related books. Come up with the references.
Answers
References vs. Bibliography (Bibliog. > Refs.)
A Reference book is a book of facts (for consultation), such as a dictionary or an
encyclopaedia, which you look at to discover particular information.
Bibliography is a list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when
writing a particular book or article.
References contain only those works cited/quoted within the text, but a Bibliography is
any list of references at the end of a text, whether cited or not.
o texts you made use of
o texts you referred to
o your own additional background reading
o any other articles you think the reader might need as background
reading
Both Refs. & Bibliog. must be in alphabetical order; and each entry must be laid out in a
strictly ordered sequence.
The difference lies not so much in how they look as in what they contain.
Spine and Reading the Spine of a Book The outside edge of the book to which the pages are gathered and bound is referred to
as the Spine of a book.
It provides the hinge action that allows the book’s cover and pages to open and
close.
Figure 1. A door hinge
The spine of a book holds the pages together. It also shows the author’s name, the
book title, the call number and the name or logo of the publisher when it is sitting on
a library shelf.
Figure 2. Info on Book Spines
Figure 3. Spine labels and Shelving
Figure 4. Arrangement of spine information on three different types of works (Allocation of Space)
Figure 5. Four styles of title orientation
ATI-Kegalle librarian: Ms Padmini
Figure 6. ATI Library-Kegalle
Favourite fiction author
APA Reference:
Stine, R. L. (1994). Goosebumps: You Can't Scare Me! New York, NY: Scholastic.
Punctuation Junction: Periods, Exclamation Points, and Question Marks
If a reference title ends in an exclamation point or question mark, this mark takes the
place of the period that would have otherwise appeared after the title. These marks are
stronger than the period and take its place.
Correct: Raftopoulos, A. (2009). Cognition and perception: How do psychology and
neural science inform philosophy? Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Incorrect: Raftopoulos, A. (2009). Cognition and perception: How do psychology and
neural science inform philosophy?. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
My favourite type of non-fiction
otto-chan, the Little Girl at the Window is a children's book written by Japanese television
personality and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Tetsuko Kuroyanagi. The book was published originally
as 窓ぎわのトットちゃん (Madogiwa no Totto-chan) in 1981, and became an instant bestseller in
Japan. The book is about the values of the unconventional education that Kuroyanagi received at
Tomoe Gakuen, a Tokyo elementary school founded by educator Sosaku Kobayashi during World War
II, and it is considered her childhood memoir.
The Japanese name of the book is an expression used to describe people who have failed.
Kuroyanagi, T. (1984). Totto-chan, the little girl at the window (D. Britton, Trans.). Japan: Kodansha
Publishers Ltd. (Original work published 1981).
T
APA Citation Style, 6th edition: Translation
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation, page number)
References (Quotation):
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (Translator
First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.). Place of Publication: Publisher.
(Original work published Year).
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Laplace, 1814/1951)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Laplace, 1814/1951, p. 148)
References:
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L.
Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).
* The title should be italicized, but only the first word is capitalized. But, there are exceptional cases in languages like German, where nouns are always capitalized. Since the capitalization carries grammatical weight (much like the capitalization of proper nouns in English), it’s preserved in the reference list.
* If you read an English translation of a foreign work, the author (author ≠ translator), title, and so forth come from the version you read, with a nod to the translator.
Translator / trænsˈleɪ.tə r / / trænz- / / -t / noun [ C ]
A person whose job is changing words, especially written words, into a different language
‘The most spirited loser’ in the world of athletics (Unsung Hero of Sri Lankan
Sports)
Few people will know about this man but majority including the youth at present in this country will not know who this man is and for what he is famous for in a country like Japan. In the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, it was reported that Ranatunga Karunananda aka "Marathon Karu" from Sri Lanka, named Ceylon that time, was placed 47th out of 52 participants in the men`s 5,000-metre race. And he began the 10,000-metre race with a weakened body as a result of a bad cold. Karunananda had competed in the event due to a request made by his little daughter. He had wanted to make his little daughter happy by taking part in the 10,000-metre event. Karunananda ran beside Billy Mills of the United States, the eventual winner of the event. When Mills breasted the tape to finish the race, Karunananda had been lapped four rounds, humiliated by the rest of the runners who surpassed him for as many as four rounds! But he continued to run alone even after the others had finished the race. He could have stopped at any time but never did so to the bewilderment of the massive crowd which had
gathered to the Olympics stadium that day. It was a decision which finally won him many admirers and would have possibly changed his whole life. His decision surprised the spectators and even the officials who expected Karu to stop. But he continued to run. When Karunananda ran the first lap alone, the spectators had started to jeer. He was running alone in the track in front of the partisan Tokyo spectators. But when he came around for a second time, there had been silence. Then, as he continued to run the third round, aiming to complete the full distance of 10,000 metres, the jeering had turned into a cheering and then to a wild applause!
Karu ran the last 100 metres very fast and there had been a standing ovation that time as if to salute the rare determination of the `small` athlete who wanted not to win but to finish the race to show the value of participation, the true spirit of Olympics. It is reported that the applause the Ceylonese `Karu` had received, when he finished the race, had been many times thunderous and rousing than what was received by Mills, the gold medallist of the event. Japanese reporter Haruo Suzuki was one of the first reporters to have an interview with Karunananda following the race. Instantly Japanese media started to acclaim Karunananda as a hero. When questioned Karunananda told reporters: "The Olympic spirit is not to win, but to take part. So I came here. I took part in the 10,000 metres and completed my rounds."It was reported that Billy Mills had responded to Karu`s remarks saying: “The Gold medal should have gone to Karunananda of Ceylon.” The people of Japan had understood the real importance of this story and have taken steps to include this fascinating incident to their school textbooks. In 1975, Karunananda had been offered a job in Japan in appreciation of his deed. But few days before he was to leave Sri Lanka, Karunananda mysteriously died, drowning in the Namal Oya tank. Some say he died in an accident and some say he was murdered. Some theories say that he just disappeared. Karunananda’s wife lost her mind following her husband’s death and the family was forced onto the streets. Later one of the relatives offered to fund and take care of his family. The Sri Lankan government did not acknowledge his legacy or look after his family. Years later a television crew from Japan arrived in Sri Lanka to find the whereabouts of this remarkable sports personality. But none they had met had known anything about the man, a well-known hero in a far-off nation. The television crew has been mistakenly guided to meet K. A. Karunarathne, who was also known as `Marathon Karu` who later died in a bomb explosion at Weliweriya along with the well-known politician Jeyaraj Fernandopulle in 2008.
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) The Dewey Decimal System is used by libraries all over the world to classify non-fiction library
materials by subject.
It divides all of knowledge into 10 main categories and further into more specific numbers.
000 Generalities 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Natural sciences & mathematics 600 Technology (Applied sciences) 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & Geography
It is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876.
The Decimal Classification introduced the concepts of relative location and relative index which allow new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject.
It is currently maintained by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), a library research centre.
OCLC licenses access to an online version, WebDewey, for cataloguers, and has an experimental linked data version on the Web with open access.
Dewey Decimal Numbers for Kids
000 GENERALITIES
000 Computers, Loch Ness, Bigfoot, UFOs, Aliens 020 Libraries 030 Encyclopaedias & World Record Books 060 Museums 070 Newspapers
100 PHILOSOPHY
130 Ghosts, Witches & the Supernatural 150 Optical Illusions, Feelings 170 Emotions, Values, Animal Rights
200 RELIGION
220 Bible Stories 290 Mythology, World Religions
300 SOCIAL SCIENCES
300 Social Issues - immigration, racism, World Cultures 310 Almanacs 320 Government 330 Money, Working 340 Court System, Famous Trials 350 Armed Forces – Army, Navy, Air Force, etc. 360 Drugs, Environmental Issues, Titanic, Police, Firefighters 370 Schools 380 Transportation, 390 Holidays, Folktales, Fairy Tales
400 LANGUAGES
410 Sign Language 420 Dictionaries, Grammar 430 German Language 440 French Language 450 Italian Language 460 Spanish Language 490 Hieroglyphics, Japanese Language
600 Inventions 610 Human body, Health 620 Rockets, Trains, Cars, Trucks 630 Farming, Farm Animals, Cats, Dogs, Pets, Horses 640 Cookbooks, Sewing 650 Secret Codes 660 How Food is made 670 Paper Making 680 Woodworking 690 Building
700 ARTS and RECREATION
710 Art Appreciation, History of Art 720 Houses, Buildings 730 Origami, Paper Crafts 740 Drawing, Crafts, 750 Painting 760 Printing 770 Photography 780 Music 790 Sports, Games, Magic, I Spy, Camping, Fishing, Racing, Hunting
800 LITERATURE
810 Poetry, Plays, Jokes & Riddles 820 Shakespeare 860 Poetry in Spanish 890 Japanese Poetry, Haiku
900 GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
910 Explorers, Atlases 920 Flags, People (Biography) 930 Archaeology, Ancient Civilizations 940 Knights, Castles, World War I & II, European Countries 950 Asian & Middle Eastern Countries 960 African Countries 970 North & Central American Countries, Native American Tribes, American History, States 980 South American Countries 990 Pacific Islands, Australia, Hawaii, Arctic, Antarctica
Figure 7. Loch Ness Monster
Online public access catalog An online public access catalogue (often abbreviated as OPAC or simply library catalog) is an
online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search a library
catalogue principally to locate books and other material available at a library.
Figure 8. 1983, The Dynix Library Automation System
Using Call Numbers Let’s say you want to find a library book about dogs. You look up the word “dog” in the
library OPAC and you find the title you want. Now what? How do you go from the book title
on the screen to finding that same title on the shelves? The answer is you use the call
number.
The call number is written on a sticker at the bottom of the spine. The call number will have
at least two lines. The top line or lines will tell you where the book can be found in the
library. The bottom line tells you who wrote the book as it is the first 3 letters of the author’s
last name.
Once you have found the section of the library where your book is located, you need to look
at the last line of the call number. This is the first three letters of the author’s last name.
Within a location, books are ordered alphabetically (catalogued) by author. In this way, for
example, a graphic novel by Neil Gaiman would be found in the 741.5 shelves after the
authors whose names start with F and before the ones whose names start with H.
Library books are either fiction or non-fiction. The call numbers for the fiction books have
on the first line:
o E for “picture books”
o ELE E for “elementary fiction”
o F for “general fiction”
Fiction books are organized by section: E for the picture books, ER for the early readers (we
also call them the red sticker books), and ELE F (we call them yellow sticker books) for the
beginning chapter books. Within each section, books are arranged alphabetically by author’s
last name, or rather by the three letters of the bottom line of the call number.
Non-fiction books are also organized by Dewey Decimal sections. Each of the section
corresponds to a broad range of subjects. To locate a non-fiction book by the call number,
one must first read the top line/s and find that number on the shelf. Once you have found
that number, you then look at the bottom line and use alphabetical order to find the three
letters on the shelf.
Call numbers for non-fiction books have a 3-digit number on the first line. This 3-digit
number is for the Dewey Decimal Classification System and it organizes non-fiction books
under different subject categories. For example, the 800’s section is for literature and the
900’s section is for history and geography.
Library books most often show their spines to the world. We sometimes add a bit more
information on the spine with coloured stickers.
o New in 2014-2015 – white
o Early readers – red
o Easy readers for middle school – orange
o Wordless books – purple
o Mature topics – dark blue
Sometimes we have more than two lines on the call number stickers, for example, for our
books in languages other than English. Those books, in addition to having the same two lines
that other fiction and non-fiction books have, may also have first a line with the letters WL to
indicate World Languages and will have a line with the first three letters of a language’s
name in English: CHI, KOR, FRE, GER, DAN. Under those two lines will come the rest of the
call number as described above.
Figure 9. “Anatomy of a Call Number”
Accelerated Learning More has been discovered about how the human brain works in the last 25 years than in all history to date. The Accelerated Learning Method is based on that research. We each have a preferred learning style — a way of learning that suits us best. If you know and use the techniques that match your preferred way of learning, you learn more naturally. Because it is more natural for you, it becomes easier. And because it is easier, it is quicker. By also incorporating well-researched memory techniques, Accelerated Learning makes learning an enjoyable, successful and satisfying experience. References:
Rose, C. P. & Nicholl, M. J. (1998). Accelerated learning for the 21st
century:
The six-step plan to unlock your master-mind. UK: Dell.
Wise, A. (1997). The high-performance mind: Mastering brainwaves for
insight, healing, and creativity. New York, United States: Putnam.
Zoysa, P. D. (2001). Express learning. Kotte, Sri Lanka: Brilium.
