An Enterprise Perspective - Columbia Universitydff/ngits2006.pdf · • This is an enterprise...

NGITS 2006 --http://mis.hevra.haifa.ac.il/~ngits/

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© 2006 Donald Ferguson

04-Jul-2006

Next Generation IT Systems 2006 –An Enterprise Perspective

Dr. Donald F. Ferguson

IBM FellowChief Architect, IBM Software GroupChair, SWG Architecture BoardCo-Chair, IBM Asset Architecture [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


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04-Jul-2006

Contents

• This is an enterprise perspective– What are a few trends in our industry?– What are the implications for IT in medium and large enterprises?

• Due to time, the presentation has a limited focus – What will happen next. Not general long-term predictions.– Selective, and will not cover many other trends.

• Two related, major trends that interest me– SOA and Web services evolution– Everyone can program situational applications

• Some additional next generation IT system trends


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04-Jul-2006

E01-EDI

Data Warehouse(Interfaces to and from the

Data Warehouse are notdisplayed on this diagram)

G02 - GeneralLedger

A05 - AP

S01 - SalesCorrections

I01 POReceiving

I03 Return toVendor

I06 WarehouseManagement

MainframePC/NT apps Unix apps3rd Party Interface

S06 - Credit App

P15 EES EmployeeChange Notice

OTHER APPS - PCAP - Collections/Credit

TM - Credit Card DB

ACCTS REC APPS - PC990CORBad Debt

Beneficial FeesBeneficial Reconcile

JEAXFJEBFAJEBKAJEDVAJESOAJEVSAJEVSFNSF

TeleCredit Fees

INVENTORY CONTROL APPS - PCCode Alarm

Debit ReceivingsDevo Sales

Display InventoryIn Home

JunkoutsMerchandise Withdrawal

Promo CreditsRTV Accrual

ShrinkAP Research - Inv CntrlAP Research-Addl Rpts

Book to Perpetual InventoryClose Out Reporting

Computer Intelligence DataCount Corrections

Cross Ref for VCB DnldsDamage Write OffDebit Receivings

DFI Vendor DatabaseDisplay Inventory ReconcileDisplay Inventory Reporting

INVENTORY CONTROL APPS - PCDPI/CPI

IC BatchingInventory Adj/Count CorrectInventory Control Reports

Inventory LevelsInventory Roll

Merchandise WithdrawalOpen ReceivingsPI Count Results

PI Time Results from InvPrice Protection

Sales Flash ReportingShrink Reporting

SKU Gross MarginSKU Shrink Level Detail

USMVCB Downloads

Journal Entry Tool Kit

Scorecard - HR

L02-ResourceScheduling(Campbell)

P09 - P17Cyborg

M02 - Millennium

M03 - Millennium 3.0

Banks - ACH and Pos toPay

Cobra

B01 - StockStatus

S03-Polling

P14 On-line NewHire Entry

CTS

Plan Administrators(401K, PCS, Life,

Unicare, SolomonSmith Barney)

D01 Post LoadBilling

I04 HomeDeliveries

I02 -Transfers

Arthur Planning

I07 PurchaseOrder

I12 EntertainmentSoftware

I05Inventory Info

E13E3 Interface

S04 - Sales Posting

V01-Price ManagementSystem

I10 Cycle PhysicalInventory

I55 SKUInformation

K02Customer Repair

Tracking I35 Early WarningSystem

B02 MerchandiseAnalysis

I13- AutoReplenishment

U18 - CTO

Intercept

I09 Cycle Counts

E02-EmployeePurchase

Texlon 3.5

ACH

Stock Options

I17 Customer PerceivedIn-Stock

U16-Texlon

SiteSeer

C02 - CapitalProjects

F06 - FixedAssets

US Bank ReconFile

Star Repair

EDICoordinator

Mesa Data

NEW SoundscanNPD Group

AIG Warranty Guard

Resumix

Optika

Store BudgetReporting

P16 - Tally Sheet

Cash Receipts/Credit

S05 - HouseCharges

Ad Expense

L01-PromoAnalysis

V02-PriceMarketingSupport

BMP - Busperformance Mngt

StoreScorecard

I11 PriceTesting

Valley Media

P09Bonus/HR

I15 Hand ScanApps

Roadshow

POS

S08 - VertexSalesTax

A04 - CustRefund Chks

Equifax

ICMS Credit

CellularRollover

S09 - DigitalSatelliteSystem

NPD,SoundScan

Sterling VANMailbox (Value)

I18SKU Rep

X92-X96Host to AS400

Communication

S02 -Layaways

Washington,RGIS,

Ntl Bus Systems

V04-SignSystem

I14 Count CorrectionsNARM

P01-EmployeeMasterfile

I06 - CustomerOrder

FrickCo

UAR - Universal AccountReconciliation

DepositoryBanks

S07 - CellPhones

S11 - ISPTracking

AAS

Fringe PO

Cash Over/Short

L60 MDFCoop SKU Selection

Tool

SKUPerformance

SupplierCompliance

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I35 - CEIASIS

Misc Accounting/Finance Apps - PC/NTCOBA (Corp office Budget Assistant)

PCBS(Profit Center Budget System)Merchandising Budget

AIMSMerch Mngr Approval

Batch ForcastingAd Measurement

AIMS Admin

AIMSReportingAd

Launcher

V03- MktReactions

SpecSource

CTO2.Bestbuy.com

RebateTransfer

SignSystem

CopyWriter'sWorkspace

ELTPowerSuite

StoreMonitor

AIS Calendar

Stores & Mrkts

Due Dates

Smart Plus

InsertionsOrders

BudgetAnalysis Tool

Print CostingInvoice App

AIS Reports

BroadcastFilter

Smart PlusLauncher

GeneralMaintenance

Printer PO

PrinterMaintenance

VendorMaintenance

Vendor Setup

Connect 3

Connect 3Reports

Connect 3PDF Transfe

Spec SourceSKU Tracking

S20-SalesPolling

Prodigy

PSP

In-HomeRepair

WarrantyBillingSystem

Process Servers(Imaging)

Prepared by Michelle Mills

Example: Complexity is Forcing Change

Actual Application Architecture for Consumer Electronics Company


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04-Jul-2006

… a service?

A repeatable business task – e.g., check customer credit;

open new account

What is …..?

… service orientation?

A way of integrating your business as linked

servicesand the outcomes that

they bring

… service oriented architecture (SOA)?

An IT architectural style that supports service orientation

… a composite application?

A set of related & integrated services that

support a business process built on an SOA


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04-Jul-2006

What’s this “Service Thing?”

Message M1, M2, … …Op1, inMsg1, outMsg1, faultMsg1Op2, inMsg2, outMsg2, faultMsg2… … …

“Those lying IMS swine. That’s CICS.”

“Dude, that’s an EJB”

“You whipper snapper, we Invented that in IMS in 1923.”

“.NET. I like it.”

WSDL

Narr! Das ist eine IDOC

“That’s mysimul.

package!”


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04-Jul-2006

SOA and Web Services• SOA is an architectural style following some principles

– Input and output messages completely describe behavior No private signaling or shared data.

– Coarse grain interactions, unlike OO.– Self-describing, cataloged, well-defined messages– etc.

• SOA “resonates” because many customers have been doing it for years. SOA codifies a set of best practices for– Message Driven Processing (MQ).– SessionBeans and the Transfer Object Pattern– CICS TP Systems

• Web Services are a set of standards for SOA– Enable interoperability between infrastructure (middleware), and

between different development tools.– Eliminates the need to integrate the infrastructure before integrating

business logic to form new, composite applications.– SOAP/HTTP– WSDL, WS-Policy, specific policy assertions, BPEL4WS– Like “Diplomatic French” or “Esperanto”


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04-Jul-2006

Implementing Services –The Next Generation of SOA Standards

• Web services currently says little about how to implement services.– What are the standards? – What is the process guidance?– What are the best practices and patterns?

• There is a next generation of standards– Service Component Architecture– Service Data Obects

• The standards enable flexible IT solutions– Rapid, simple composition of new composite applications.– Configuration/customization of solutions– Portable services, modules and solutions– Role/skill/task/specific services


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04-Jul-2006

Simplifying Development

• This is crazy.• Programmers want to build a “part” that implements a

“basic building block” and then aggregate them together

Daddy,Mommy gave me thesedocuments to convert.

What type of EJBdo you want to build?

Um. I do not want to buildan EJB. You see, Mommy gave me these …

Maybe you didn’t understand the question.Your choices are SLSB, SFSB,CMP Entity, BMP Entity, MDB

You’re not very nice.


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04-Jul-2006

Process Guidance and Service Impl. Kinds

• Each step in SOA development has an intent– Expose some data through SOA– Write simple new business logic for a simple task– Implement business logic using business rules– Process events using a (state, event, action, state) model– Choreograph a set of services into a new service

• There are “kinds” of service implemention– Support each intent– Concepts and tools specific to

• Role• Skill

– Process guidance for selecting specific kinds

• Answering “How do I …” with “It depends” Complex Guide and simplify choice


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04-Jul-2006

A Simple Example and Some Concepts

public class QuoteRequest {String ticker;Date when;

}

Public class quoteResponse {String ticker;float value;float sharesTraded;

}

/* Pragma This;Pragma That;*/SELECT

ticker,value, activityFROM

StockQuotesWHERE

ticker == QuoteRequest.tickerINTO

quoteResponse.tickerquoteResponse.value,quiteResponse.sharesTraded;

Deployment Tools

SDOs

Something a DB duderecognizes

Interface(s)

Generated CodeInterpreted Metadata

Data Svc.

Deployment Package

Author Toolsor

Text Editor


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04-Jul-2006

Service Components “Web services describes the outsides. How do you implement a service?

How do you compose services?”• Encapsulate Components for Reuse; All look the same from outside• Components may be wired together and aggregated via flow• Business Objects are the data flowing on wires between Components• Enable type, role and skills specific tools.

Interface:How to call

this component

Interface:How to call

this component

Reference:What this

components calls

Reference:What this

components callsJava

Interface

JavaInterface

WSDLPort Type

WSDLPort Type

JavaInterface

JavaInterface

WSDLPort Type

WSDLPort Type

Component

UniformRepresentation of

EncapsulatedImplementation

BusinessProcess

BusinessProcess Business

State Machine

BusinessState Machine Business

Rule

BusinessRule Human

Task

HumanTask Interface

Map

InterfaceMap SelectorSelector JavaJava SQL

XQuery

SQLXQuery

Policy


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04-Jul-2006

Build a moduleor

Subsystem

Assembling Services –Modules and Subsystems

get Approved

Approved/Denied

If Approved thenSend letter offering gold

If NOT ApprovedSend letter offering Credit counseling service

UDDI, Service RegistryProject, SCCS

ad hoc exchange


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04-Jul-2006

Some Examples


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04-Jul-2006

Some Perspectives • SOA

– SOA is a mature, widely practiced architecture model– Web services are a set of standards for interoperability, tool

federation and portability

• Business Value– Relatively dynamic assembly: Process, Structure– Relatively dynamic customization

• Add new services• Version/content aware binding and routing• Dynamic modification of rules and policies

– Simple model for declarative business events enable business insight

– Virtual enterprise


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04-Jul-2006

Some More Perspective

• Haven’t we heard this before? OO, RPC, MDP, … …• There are some differences

– XML is language neutral; previous approaches implied a language model.

– WSDL and XML are more forgiving of changes– Supports RPC and message/document approaches from

beginning– Common type model for application servers, message systems

and DBs– Builds on Internet protocols already deployed for “Web

browsing.”– Uniform model for events/pub-sub, message routing and RPC


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04-Jul-2006

Everyone Can Program

• Some anecdotes– I study karate

• I have a black belt• Don’t let the affect your appraisal of my presentation• There are a lot of high school students

– One “kids” wrote• A Microsoft Access application• Tracks students class attendance• Uses a bar code scanner• Prints reports

– Kids in the locker room know I work for IBM• Tell me about their cool PHP, Perl, … …• Tell me about their cool, dynamic Web sites

• Everyone can program the way we learned long division.


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04-Jul-2006

What Are the Implications?• Current “IT” Model

– The “data center”• Runs a relatively small number of applications• For a relatively large number of employees or customers• The applications change very slowly, to support QA

– LOB, department or team have “immediate” need for some new functions

• Respond to a complex RFP/RFP collaborating with new partner• Complex trouble ticket that needs a new team• Extend the managers workspace in in a store to integrate with local carpet

installation, electricians, cabinet makers– What to do?

• Submit a plea to the IT department or ISV for a change• Have the priests of programming make the change• Have the data center teams run QA

• Well,– The business need is no longer there– But, I have a 25 year old who can program “mashups” or LAMP– The new “teenagers” have the attention of a ferret on an espresso.– They will not wait for the priests


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04-Jul-2006

A Some Simple Scenarios

• Severe weather – Meet Dave, an insurance agent.– He sees a news report of a severe storm. What is the company’s risk?– Dave writes a simple script to retrieve affected zip codes and rainfall.– Uses an Excel control fronting Web services to retrieve insured

properties;Filter and select only properties insured for more than $250,000.

– Pass rainfall predictions to ESRI to compute floods level at properties.– Email a risk summary to executives.

• Emailing documents is frustrating– Changes upon changes upon changes upon comments– Multiple versions– I don’t have the right editor– Dave will make his “reports” a wiki page that refreshes the data

• Sever side “mashup”• LAMP• Have the application refresh when the forecast changes, using feeds.


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04-Jul-2006

A Simple Scenario

• This may seem to require complex programming skills,but it does not.– Feeds, URIs and simple REST retrieval of form like data are not

dissimilar to including Access data in a spreadsheet.– Passing information between the various “parts” is similar to

spreadhseets, references and formulas.– Very simple scripting to sequence actions– Use of basic primitives, like print and e-mail the form.

• This is a new composite application – Composes public data– Composes data and behavior in operational, enterprise systems– Sequences steps– Supports user interaction– Derives new results


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04-Jul-2006

Application Wiki Example

Micro-formatsREST, Feeds

Exemplars

Several composition models• Wiki + controls• Web Spreadsheet• Merged formed/feeds• Scripts + HTML

Adaptors

New Logic

Feeds

A Web of …


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04-Jul-2006

Lines of Business and IT

• LOBs and casual application developers build and test applications, perhaps just in time applications.

• Pressures will drive application redeployment into IT center– Governance and compliance– Server management is a drag– Publication outside the enterprise

NaturalPHP/LAMP/AJAX

DevelopmentExperience

Snarf and Redeploy


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04-Jul-2006

The “Data Center of the Future”

Is radically different from today• Applications are like Word or email

– Moving from 100 applications 100,000 applications– 1000 new applications per day– 10,000 modified applications/data– An application is for three of four people

• Defines a completely new “application server model”– 100,000 “VMs”– Many, many programming models with

• Integrated, open source frameworks• Certified for “virus free” and “IP clean”

– Focus on governance tracking {app. Version, data in, data out} “Why did I deny this claim?”

– “Protect the mainframe! Protect SAP! From the Web crazies”


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04-Jul-2006

Some Additional Trends and Ideas• SOA and Event Driven Architectures • Recipes, Patterns and Templates• What happens when

– HW is free (multi-core, multi-HW thread, blades, …)?– Everyone can program?

• Standards evolve– Simple, portable, open source programming model – Domain formats and standards, and common processes

• High performance, distributed, real-time event driven architecture and SOA/Web services converge and run in the network

• Management of Web Services and Management UsingWeb services.– Application governance– IT management is a business process/composite application.

• Business Process Management includes business policy mgmt.

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