An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge Among Mothers of Under Five Children Regarding Thumb...

7/28/2019 An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge Among Mothers of Under Five Children Regarding Thumb Sucking i

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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE

AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN REGARDING

THUMB SUCKING IN SELECTED VILLAGE OF MOGA, PUNJAB

RAMANDEEP KAUR SANDHU

SIMARJIT KAUR

MANDEEP KAUR

HARDEEP KAUR

PUSHWINDER KAUR

SANDEEP KAUR MUNJAL

KARAMJIT KAUR MUNJAL

HARPREET KAUR

PAWANPREET KAUR

JAGJIT SINGH

RANPREET SINGHGURSEWAK SINGH

KULDEEP SINGH

BABA MANGAL SINGH INSTITUTE OF NURSING, BUGHIPURA,

MOGA

2013


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CERTIFIED THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE WORK

OF

MS. RAMANDEEP KAUR SANDHU

MS. SIMARJIT KAUR

MS. MANDEEP KAUR

MS. HARDEEP KAUR

MS. PUSHWINDER KAUR

MS. SANDEEP KAUR MUNJAL

MS. KARAMJIT KAUR MUNJAL

MS. HARPREET KAUR

MS. PAWANPREET KAUR

MR. JAGJIT SINGH

MR. RANPREET SINGH

MR. GURSEWAK SINGH

MR. KULDEEP SINGH

AT THE COLLEGE OF NURSING

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE

REQUREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

GENERAL NURSING & MIDWIFERY

OF

BABA FARID UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES FARIDKOT,

PUNJAB

2013

Prof. Mrs. Swapan Melchisedec

M.Sc. (N) PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

Principal


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Baba Mangal Singh Institute of Nursing, Bughipura

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE

AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN REGARDING

THUMB SUCKING IN SELECTED VILLAGE OF MOGA, PUNJAB

A THESIS

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE

REQUREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

GENERAL NURSING & MIDWIFERY

OFBABA FARID UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES FARIDKOT,

PUNJAB

2013

SUPERVISOR:-

Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu

Simarjit Kaur

Mandeep Kaur

Sandeep kaur Munjal

Karamjit Kaur Munjal

Pushwinder Kaur

Hardeep Kaur

Harpreet Kaur

Pawanpreet Kaur

Jagjit Singh

Ranpreet Singh

Kuldeep Singh

Gursewak Singh


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CERTIFICATE OF SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu, Simarjit Kaur, Mandeep Kaur, Sandeep

kaur Munjal, Karamjit Kaur Munjal, Pushwinder Kaur, Hardeep Kaur, Harpreet Kaur,Pawanpreet Kaur, Jagjit Singh, Ranpreet Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Gursewak Singh have

undertaken their G.N.M. thesis on the topic, An exploratory study to assess the

knowledge among mother of under five children regarding thumb sucking in Bughipura

Village of Moga, Punjab. Under my supervision and guidance in Baba Mangal Singh

Institute of Nursing, Bughipura, Moga and their work is generally their own.

SUPERVISOR:

DATE:-


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Dedicated to

Beloved

Parents

AndTeachers


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I will praise you, lord with my heart I will tell of the wonderful things you have alone.

This project is a collection of different minds and their hands, and could not exist without

the support and input of them, that we express on one written page. So we wish to

express our deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to all of them, who have

contributed and inspired us to the overall success of the undertaking directly or indirectly.

So it is our duty to express the regard fro their support.

First and foremost, we bow our head for Lord respect whose abundant grace and

blessing lead us through out the study.

It is difficult to find adequate words to express our gratitude to our supervisor and

guide respected Madam Miss Rajman Kaur. She brough our ideas into focus. We

appreciate all her contributions of supervision, advice, time and ideas to make our

research experience productive and stimulating.

We convey our sincere thanks to respected Principal, Prof. Mrs. Swapna

Melchisede M.Sc. (Psychiatric Nursing) for her guidance, invaluable suggestions,efficient supervision, constant encouragement and interest in throughout the completion

of thesis.

It gives us great pleasure to thank with deep sense of gratitude to all the mothers

of under five children of their whole hearted participating in study without whose

cooperation this study would be impossible.

Now we feel our duty to express appreciation gratitude to all experts. Mrs.

Rupinder Kaur (M.Sc. (N) in community Health Nursing), Miss Veerpal Kaur

(M.Sc. (N) Obstetrics), Miss Harjinder Kaur (M.A. English).


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We express our heartful thanks to Miss. Ranjan Kaur for valuable suggestions

and guidance for this research work.

We are grateful to Sarpanch ofVillage Bughipura for granting us permission to

conduct the research study in the village and giving valuable suggestions

We feel the shortage of words to express our love and gratitude to our parents,

brothers and sisters who have always been very understanding and supportive financially

and emotionally. The last but not least, we express our love to our friends who helped us

selfless and we respect for their extending efforts and understanding.

Ramandeep Kaur Sandhu

Simarjit Kaur

Mandeep Kaur

Sandeep kaur Munjal

Karamjit Kaur Munjal

Pushwinder Kaur

Hardeep Kaur

Harpreet Kaur

Pawanpreet Kaur

Jagjit Singh

Ranpreet Singh

Kuldeep Singh

Gursewak Singh


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CHAPTERI

INTRODUCTION


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INTRODUCTION

Many of the things we need can wait,

The child cant, his name is today

To him we cannot answer tomorrow.

GABRIECA MISTAL

Itbegins at birth. The very first art after birth is to suck our mothers milk. This is an

act of affection and compassion. It is a fact that without sucking mothers milk one

cannot clear the way of life.

Growth and development include not only the physical changes, which will occur

from infancy to adolescence, but cultural changes such as changes in emotions,

personality, behaviour thinking and speech that children develop as they begin to

understand and interact with the world around them. To understand a childs changing

and emerging growth and development is an important part of parenting.

The habit of putting the thumb in the mouth for comfort or to relieve stress is

called thumb sucking. Some psychiatrist believe that thum sucking provides a mother

substitute and is caused by a need to cling to the mother.

Moreover, ultrasound scans have revealed that thumb sucking can start before birth, as

early as 15 weeks of conception whether this behaviour is voluntary or due to

random movements of the fetus in the womb is not conclusively known.

Thumb sucking is a behaviour, not a disorder. Child places his fingers or thumb,

behind the teeth, in contact with roof of the mouth and sucks the lips and teeth tightly

closed.


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NEED FOR STUDY

It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood.

Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a

lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in him.

-Erik Hamburger Erikson (1902-1904)

Thumb suckling in very early babies can be seen as an adorable habit by many

parents. However, as toddlers begin to teeth, many parents are concerned that habitual

sucking of thumb can damage emerging teeth or jaw structure. Is something to worry

about? Why do babies suck their thumbs? All children suck their thumb at same age?

Between 75% and 95% of all infants suck their thumb, making thumb sucking the

most prevalent kind of non-nutritive oral activity in infants and young children. Thumb

sucking continues in approximately 45% of American preschool children but in only 30%

Swedish children of the same age. In a significant percentage American 7-11 years old,

thumb sucking persists. Among in it, American Indian and African children thumb

sucking is rare.

Babies who are bottle fed are also more likely to suck their thumb rather than

babies who are breast fed. This is probably because breast feeding usually satisfies the

babys need to suck.

It is the baby who decides when she is ready to let go of the nipple. An American dental

association says the thumb sucking does not cause permanent problem with a teeth or jaw

line unless it is continued beyond 4-5 years of age. In teething babies thumb sucking does

not cause tooth decay.


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In 1922 Charis Barlow3

warned that thumb sucking introduced dirt and germs into

the mouth, caused adenoid inflammation, weakened the digestion and spoiled the mouth

and thumb shape.

Some pediatricians now recommended that no action against thumb sucking be

initiated during the first 2 or 3 years.

In any year , 1% to 30% of children suffer clinically significant psychiatric

disorders that should be treated and suicide is the 10th

leading cause of death among

children aged 1-14 years (Weiz and Jenson, 1999); Workman and prior 1997. The global

burden of disease study indicates that by the year 2020, childhood neuropsychiatric

disorders will increase by more than 50% ultimately to become the fifth leading cause of

death.

From investigators, own experience and observation while posted in the pediatric

ward of Krishna Hospital and Civil Hospital., community posting and at Dr. Vidya Sagar

Mental Hospital, Amritsar, studied about thumb sucking and founded many children

sucking thumb. So we planned this study to give a need based health education to the

mother. Many other findings also proved that lack of knowledge regarding thumb

sucking of mothers of under five children is one of the significant problems in India and

there is a great need of research on this topic. So the investigators thought of assessing

and improving the knowledge of mothers. Therefore, this study had been undertaken to

assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

An exploratory study to assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children

regarding thumb sucking in selected village Bughipura Moga, Punjab.


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PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge deficit areas of mothers of under five

children regarding thumb sucking and to prepare the guidelines. So that the mothers of

under five children will adopt safe and correct methods to stop thumb sucking habit in

her child and prevent further complications related to thumb sucking.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge level of mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.

2. To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected demographicvariables such as age, education, occupation of mother and father, family monthly

income, type of family, caste and source of information.

3. To prepared guidelines for mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.

ASSUMPTIONS

The mothers of the under five children may have some knowledge regardingthumb sucking.

The mothers of under five children may feel free to clear their doubts regardingthumb sucking.

OPERATIONAL DEFINATIONS

1. AssessIn this study asses refers to process by which the knowledge of mothersis evaluated regarding thumb sucking.

2. Knowledge it refers to the factual information that mothers of under fivechildren already have regarding thumb sucking.


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3. Mothers of below five childrenit refers to the mother having children under fiveyears living in the selected village in Moga.

4. Thumb Sucking Sucking is the infants chief pleasure; they get love, affectionand satisfaction. According to psychoanalytic theory an infant do thumb sucking

if it lacks sufficient oral satisfaction through sucking to obtain food. Psychiatrist

believed that thumbsucking reflects a Clinging need or act as a substitute for

mother.

DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study is limited to the mothers of under five children who;

1. Are living in the selected village of Moga.2. Knows either English or Punjabi language.3. Were willing to participate in the study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A conceptual framework for nursing practice is a systematically constructed,

scientifically based and logically related set of concepts. A conceptual model is a network

of concept in relationship that account for broad nursing phenomenon.

The conceptual framework deals with the interrelated concepts that are assembled

together in some rational schemes by writing of their relevance to a common theme (Polit

and Beck, 2004)

SHOOTERexplains that conceptual framework formulize the thinking process

so that others may read and know the frame of reference basic to research problem.

RED MAN (1975) ROGI (1973) suggested that a conceptual model determines

how the world is viewed and what aspect of world is to be taken in account.


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The conceptual framework was based on concept drawn from DORTHY

OREMS SELF CARE DEFICIT MODEL. The framework of present study is based

on Modified Dorathy Orems Self Care Theory (1997). Orem represents five theoretical

concepts.

Self care Self care agency Self care deficit Self care demand Nursing system

Self care: it is the behaviour that exist in concrete life situations directed by persons to

self or to environment to regulate factors that affect their own development and

functioning in interest to life, health or well being. In the present study mothers of

below five children are the agent.

THEORY OF SELF CARE HAS THREE COMPONENTS:-

Universal self care requisites: These include activities which are essential to the health

and vitality.

Development self care requisites: These includes the interventions and teachings

designed to return a person to or sustain a level of optimal health and well being.

Health deviation self care requisites: This on compasses the variations in self care

which may occur as a result of disability, illness and injury.

Self care agency: it is the humans ability or power to engage care agencies are the

sample of the study i.e. mothers aged between 20 to 35 years. The mothers ability


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engaged in self care can be affected by the conditioning factors such as age of mother,

education of mother, caste, occupation of father, type of family etc.

Self care deficit: it is an ability to meet own therapeutic self care demands, those actions

necessary to maintain function and promote development, deficit, inability to fulfillment

of needs of baby.

Self care demand: it is an action or the totality of self care action to be performed for

some duration in order to meet self care requisites by using valid methods e.g. to

maintain good mother child relationship.

Nursing System: it describes and explains the relationships that must be brought about

and maintained for nursing to be performed. Three nursing systems are described by

Orem based on dependency they are; wholly compensatory, partially compensatory and

supportive education system. In this study mothers have ability to meet their childs need

with proper guidance.

Wholly compensatory nursing system: where is the nurse compensates for the mothers

of under five children totally inability who has to perform these activities.

Partially compensatory nursing system: Where is the nurse compensating for mothers

of under five children partially inability who has to perform these activities.

Supportive and educative: Where is the nurse assist the mothers in decision making and

acquiring skill and knowledge regarding thumb sucking. In supportive education ,

nursing system health education is given to mothers of under five children regarding

thumb sucking.

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

The study is presented in following five chapters;


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I. Chapter; Introduction of the studyII. Chapter; Review of literatureIII. Chapter; Research Methodology is presented which includes research

approach, research design, selection and description of field for study,

population and selection of sample, sampling techniques, criteria for sample

selection, development of the tool, description of tool, criteria measures,

content validity, try out of the tool, pilot study, reliability of the tool, ethical

consideration, data collection procedure, difficulties faced during the study,

plan of data analyses.

IV. Chapter; Analysis and interpretation of data in terms of descriptive andinferential statistics and discussion.

V. Chapter; Summary, Conclusion, Implications and RecommendationsSummary

This chapter is focused on the introduction of the study, need for the study, statement of

the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, assumptions, delimitations of

the study, operational definitions, conceptual framework and organization of the report.


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CHAPTERII

REVIEW

OF

LITERATURE


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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction:-

Review of literature is key step in research process. Review of literature refers to an

extensive, exhaustive & systematic examination of publication relevant to the research

projects. Nursing research may be considered a continuing process in which knowledge

gained from earlier studies is an integral part of research, is general.

The review of literature is defined as Broad comprehensive in depth, systematic

and critical review of scholarly publication unpublished scholarly print material and

audio visual material (CR Kothari, 2000)8

Thus review of literature helps in many ways starting from selection &

formulation of problem, Providing conceptual frame work for study, assess feasibility.

In this study the review of literature falls, under following headings:-

a) Review of literature r/T to knowledge regarding thumb sucking.b) Review of literature r/T to practice, of thumb sucking in children.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE

Brooks MB9;as advisor and counselor of mothers, a physician can contribute greatly to

preventive medical care of infants. Advice can be given piecemeal, but according to a

problem. At birth the mother is reminded of the importance of emotional environment in

shaping of the life and personality of the child. The most important thing the mother and

father do during the first year is enjoy their body. At six months each monthly visit

includes a discussion period.

Tewari A, Gauba K, Goval A (1994)11

concluded that he knowledge about infant dental

care (as a Part of Primary Preventive Programme) was delivered by the existing health


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team of CHC viz. Medical doctors, multipurpose workers, health workers, Anganwadi

workers, after due training from the dental experts, in the rural community of Raipur

Rani.

D.D.D.J.H. Sillman Associate visiting Dentist:- In a group of sixty children in which

serial studies were made from birth to 14 year of age, there were twenty thumb-suckers.

Records were made before thumb-sucking started, while it was in effect & after it had

stopped.

Parental & expert responses to thumb-sucking underwent significant changes

during the twentieth century.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE

Thomas Chandler12

, an American physician, was the first to raise medical concerns

about thumb sucking. In his 1878 article in the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal, the

precursor of the new England Journal of Medicine, he emphasized its dire dental

consequences.

John B. Watson14

; The behaviorist John B. Watson rejected instinct as an explanation

for human behavior. In the psychological care of the infant and child (1928) he promoted

child-rearing practices based on his belief that children are made, not born, and that

almost all behavior result from conditioning.

W.H. Littlefield B.D.S. (Durham), H.D.D. (Edinburgh) (2004)15

. Thumb sucking is

common habit occurring in about 17% of children. Ti is definite cause of dental

irregularity and the majority of thumb-suckers have a malocclusion either caused or

aggravated by the habit.


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Yassaci S, Rafieian M, Ghajari R16

; Department of orthodontics, Shahid Sadoughi

University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran, States that any kind of

stress has a negative effect on the mood of people & stress resulting from war is no

exception.

Charles Anderson Aldrich and Mary Aldrich (1938)18

; Charles Anderson Aldrich &

Mary Aldrich, the authors of babies are human beings (1938) by contrast, viewed thumb

sucking as a prenatal sport designed to exercise the facial muscles.

Luther Holt19

; Recommended mittens or a splint to the elbow to prevent thumb sucking.

Charis Barlow (1922)

20

; He warned that thumb sucking introduced dirt and germs into

the mouth and thumb shape, caused adenoid inflammation, weakened the digestion and

spoiled the mouth and thumb shape.


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CHAPTER- III

METHODOLOGY


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METHODOLOGY

Research methodology refers to the methods the researcher use in performing research

operations (Kothari C.R.2004)

Methodology of research indicates the general patterns of organizing procedure to gather

valid and reliable data for an investigation. This chapter deals with methodology adapted

for An Exploratory study to assess the knowledge among mothers of under five children

regarding thumb sucking in selected village, Bughipura Moga.

It includes the following:-

Research approach Research design Selection description of field study Population and selection of samples Sample size and sampling techniques Criteria for sample selection Development of the cool Description of the tool Criteria measures Content validity Try out of the tool Pilot study Reliability of tool Ethical consideration Data collection during the study


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Data collection procedure Difficulties faced during the study Plan of data analysis Summary

Research Approach

Research approach is most significant part of any research. The appropriate choice of

research approach depends on the purpose of the study it is aimed to assess the

knowledge among mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking in selected

villages of Moga, Punjab.

Research Design

A research design incorporates the most important methodology design that a researcher

workers in conducting a research study (Polit and Beck, 2004). The central purpose of

research design is to maximize the amount of control that an investigator held over the

research situation and variables.

Independent Variables

In this study the independent variables are age of a mother, education of mother,

occupation of mother, education of father occupation of father family monthly income,

type of family caste.

Dependent Variables

In this study the dependent variables is knowledge of mother of under five children

regarding thumb sucking.


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Selection and description of for study

The village selected for the study was of district Moga, Punjab. The total population of

the village is approximately 3130. The reason for selecting this village was easy

availability of sample administrative approach, co-operation. Permission was taken from

the sarpanch of for conducting the study.

Population

Acc. to Polit and Beck (2004) a population is an aggregate or totality of all subjects that

possess a set of specifications. The target population of present study mothers of under

five children aged 20-25 yrs living in selected village of Moga, Punjab.

Sampling is process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire

population (Polit and Beck, 2004). The subjects of the present study were selected by

using convenient sampling techniques. Sample was taken from the village Bughipura of

Moga.

Sample and Sampling Technique

The investigators selected a sample of 30 mothers of under five children with age group

20-35 yrs in the village Bughipura, Moga, Punjab by using convenient sampling

technique.

Criteria Fro Sample Selection

Mother of under five children living in the selected village of Moga.

Mother of under five children could speak either English or Punjabi.

Mothers of under five children willing to participate in the study.


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Development of the Tool

As the study was to assess the knowledge regarding thumb sucking among mother of

under five children in selected village of Moga. There fore the tool was prepared to assess

the children five children living in selected village of Moga.

Description of the Tool

A structured multiple choice questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mothers of under

five children regarding thumb sucking. The review of literature expert opinions and

investigators own

experiences provided the basis for construction of tool. Tool consist of following Parts:-

Part-1 sample Characteristics

The part consist of items for obtaining personal information about subject such as age of

mother, education of a mother, occupation of mother, education of father, occupation of

father, family monthly income type of family.

Pat-2 a Structured Questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mothers of under

children regarding thumb sucking

A total of 18 question were included and such question were include and each question

has a score of 1 marks each question has four responses out of which respondent had to

choose the correct one. For correct response the score was 0, so the maximum score was

30 minimum score was 0.

Criteria Measures

The criteria measure used in the study if knowledge score on child care of under five

children. The knowledge score refers to the total obtained scores of the knowledge items

in structured questions by mother of under five children in selected village Bughipura.


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Reliability of the Tool

Reliability of the tool was computed by split half method and was calculated by karl

Pearsons coefficient formula, which was found to be r=0.98. Hence, the tool was highly

reliable.

Data Collection Procedure

Data collection was done from 15th

march to 10th

April 2013. The purpose and objectives

were discussed with sarpanch of selected village Moga. The respondents were selected

both in morning and evening time. The time given for the answer was half an hour on the

last day of data collection guidance on thumb sucking was given to mothers under five

children.

Difficulties Faced During the Study

Data collection was time consuming.

Many times investigator had to wait for subjects.

Plan for Data Analysis

Analysis and interpretation of data was done by using description and inferential statistics

such as mean, percentage, stand age, deviation, correlation coefficient and T-test etc.

SUMMARY

This chapter deals with the research approach design, selection and description of field

for study. Population and selection of sample, sampling techniques, criteria for sample

selection, development of the tool, pilot study, reliability of the tool, ethical

consideration, data collection procedure, difficulties faced during the study, Plan of Data

analysis.


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CHAPTERIV

ANALYSIS

AND

INTERPRETATION


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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Data analysis enables the researcher to reduce summarize, organize, evaluate and

communicate numerical information. This chapter deals with the analysis and

interpretation of data obtained from sample of 30 mothers of under five children of age

group 20-35 yrs. In selected village of Bughipura, Moga, Punjab.

The data collected during the course has been analyzed by using descriptive and

inferential statistics. In descriptive statistic mean, percentage and standard deviation were

used for analyzing the distribution of respondents according to their demographic

characteristics. Result o study are shown in form of tables & figures.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the knowledge level among mothers of under five children regardingthumb sucking.

2. To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected demographicvariables such as age of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother,

family monthly income, type of family, caste and source of information.

3. To prepare guidelines for mothers of under five children regarding thumbsucking.

ORGANIZATION OF DATA

The raw data collected were entered in a master sheet and analyzed and interpreted using

descriptive or inferential statistics. The data was organized and presented under following

sections:-


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Section I: Sample characteristics

Section II: Findings related to knowledge with different demographical variables like age

of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother and father, family monthly income,

number of children and source of information.

SECTIONI

SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS

TABLEI

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS

(N=30)

S. NO. SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS n

PERCENTAGE

1. Age of mother in years

2023 5 16.6%

2427 8 26.6%

2831 10 33.3%

3235 7 23.5%

2. Education of mother

Illiterate 8 26.6%

Primary 2 6.8%

Secondary 5 16.6%

Graduate and above 15 50%

3. Occupation of father

Housewife 16 53.3%


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Labourer 3 10%

Govt. Job 4 13.3%

Private job 7 23.4%

4. Education of father

Illiterate 5 16.6%

Primary 6 20%

Secondary 10 33.4%

Graduate and above 9 30%

5. Occupation of father

Govt. Job 5 16.6%

Private job 14 46.6%

Labourer 3 10%

Farmer 8 26.8%

6. Family monthly income in rupees

15001 4 13.3%

7. Type of family

Nuclear 18 60%

Joint 12 40%

8. Caste

General 20 66.6%


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BC 4 13.4%

SC 6 20%

9. No. of children

1 6 20%

2 16 53.4%

3 5 16.6%

>3 3 10%

TABLE1 AND FIG 3 (a) TO 3 (J)

Showing that a significant number of mother of under five children i.e. 23.5% belong to

age group 32-35 years, followed by age group 28-31 yrs (33.3%) and 26.6% in age group

24-27 yrs and minority of mother i.e. 16.6% were in age group 20-23 yrs.

According to education of mother a significant number of mother of under five children

i.e. 50% are from graduate and above followed by illiterate (26.6%) and 16.6% were

secondary and lowest percentage is 6.8% of graduate or above.

According to education majority of mother of under five children i.e. 53.3% were

housewives followed by 23.4% of private job, 13.3% of govt. job and lowest percentage

is 10% of labourer.

In education of father, a significant number of mother of under five children i.e. 33.4%

whose husbands educational status was secondary followed by graduate and above 30%

and primary (20%) and the minority of mother of under five children i.e. 16.6% were

whose husbands educational status was illiterate or noting.


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In occupation of father a significant number of under five children i.e. 46.6% whose

husbands occupation status was private job followed by 26.8% farmer and govt. job

(16.6%) and the minority of mother of under five children i.e. 10% were whose husband

were labourer.

Regarding family monthly income in rupees majority of mothers of under five children

5.4% were having family monthly income of < 5000 Rs. Followed by 20% who had their

family monthly income 500/- 10000 Rs. And 13.3% who had their family monthly

income 10001-15000 Rs. And majority of mothers of under five children i.e. 13.3% were

having family monthly income is >15001 Rs.

According to type of family 60% of mothers belonged to nuclear families followed by

40% to joint families.

Regarding caste 66.6% of mothers of under five children belonged to general category,

20% belonged to SC category and the minority of mothers of under five children

belonged to BC category is 13.4%.

According to No. of children, 53.4% mothers of under five children are having 2 children

followed by 20% having 1 child and 16.6% having 3 children. The minority of mothers

of under five children i.e. 10% are having children >3.

According to source of information a significant number of mothers of under significant

number of mothers of under five children i.e. 46.6% gained knowledge about thumb

sucking from family members followed by 26.8% of mothers of under five children taken

information from friends and relatives, 16.6 had taken from mass media. Minority of the

mothers of under five children i.e. 10% taken the information from health personnel.


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3 (a) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to age of

mother.

3 (b) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to education of

the mother.

16.60%

26.60%

33.30%

23.50%

20-23 yrs

24-27 yrs

28-31 yrs

32-35 yrs

26.60%

6.8%

16.60%

50% Illiterate

Primary

Secondary

Graduate and above


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3 (c) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to occupation of

the mother.

3 (d) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to education of

the father.

53.30%

10%

13.30%

23.40%

Housewife

Labourer

Govt. Job

Private Job

16.60%

20%

33.40%

30%

Illiterate

Primary

Secondary

Graduate andabove


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3 (e) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to occupation of

the father.

3 (f) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to family

monthly income.

16.60%

46.60%

10%

26.80%

Govt. Job

Private Job

Labourer

Farmer

53.40%

13.30%

20%

13.30%

< 5000 Rs.

5001-10000 Rs.

10001-15000 Rs.

>15001 Rs.


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3 (g) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to type of

family.

3 (h) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to caste.

40%

60% Nuclear

Joint

66.60%

13.40%

20%

General

BC

Sc


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3 (i) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to no. of

children.

3 (j) Percentage distribution of mothers of under five children according to source of

information

20%

53.40%

16.60%

10%

1

2

3

>3

46.60%

26.80%

10%

16.60%

Family members

Friends and relatives

Health Personnel

Mass Media


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SECTION - II

Objective 1:- To assess the knowledge level of mothers of under five children regarding

thumb sucking

TABLE2

Percentage distribution of knowledge score level of mothers of under five children

regarding thumb sucking.

S. NO. Level of

Knowledge

Score level n Percentage

1.

2.

3.

Good

Average

Below Average

2430

1623

05

4

8

18

13.4%

26.6%

60%

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0

Table 2 and fig. 4 depicts that 13.4% of the mothers of under five children were having

good knowledge where as 26.6% of them had average knowledge and 60% had below

average knowledge regarding thumb sucking.

Thus it was indicated that significant number of mothers of under five children were

having level of knowledge below average.


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SECTION - III

Objective 1:- To find out the relationship between the knowledge and selected

demographic variables such as age of mother, education of mother, occupation of mother,

education of father, occupation of father, family monthly income, type of family, caste,

number of children and source of information.

TABLE3

Mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking

according to age of mother.

N=30

MEAN KNOWLEDGE SCORE

Sr. no. Age in years n Mean SD

a. 20-23 5 21.8 5.32

b. 24-27 8 24.12 4.94

c. 28-31 10 30 5.51

d. 32-35 7 20.22 3.99

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0

Table 3 and fig. 5 depicts that 13.4% of the mothers of under five children of age group

28-31 yrs. Had highest mean knowledge score (30) regarding thumb sucking followed by


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(24.12) in the age group 24-27 yrs and 21.8 in age group of 20-23 yrs and age group of

32-35 had lowest mean knowledge score (20.22) regarding thumb sucking.

Hence, it can be concluded that age of mother had high impact on the knowledge of

mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.


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TABLE4


according to occupation of father.

N=30


Sr. no. Occupation of father n Mean SD

a. Govt. job 5 17.33 5.09

b. Private job 14 17.42 5.76

c. Labourer 3 11.8 3.40

d. Farmer 8 14.23 4.08

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0

Table 4 and fig. 6 shows that highest mean score of mothers of under five children

according to occupation of the father regarding thumb sucking was 17.42 whose

husbands were doing private job, followed by mothers of under five children whose

husbands were doing govt. job (17.33), farmer (14.23) and lowest mean knowledge score

of mothers of under five children is 11.8 whose husbands were labourer.

Hence, it can be concluded that occupation of father had impact on the knowledge of



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TABLE5


according to family monthly income.

N=30


Sr. no. Family monthly income n Mean SD

a. < 5000 16 13.17 4.07

b. 5001-10000 6 16.04 5.32

c. 10001-15000 4 17.12 5.23

d. >15001 4 20.14 2.37

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0

Table 8 and fig. 7 shows that highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five

children according to family monthly income regarding thumb sucking was 20.14 whose

family monthly income was > 1500 Rs., followed by mothers of under five children

whose family monthly income was 10001 15000 Rs. (17.12), mothers of under five

children whose family monthly income was 5001 10000 Rs. (16.04) and lowest mean

knowledge score of mothers of under five children is 13.17 mothers of under five

children whose family monthly income was < 5000 Rs.

Hence, it can be concluded that occupation of family monthly income had impact on the

knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding thumb sucking.


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TABLE6


according to type of family.

N=30


Sr. no. Type of family n Mean SD

a. Nuclear 18 15.41 5.05

b. Joint 12 14.19 5.07

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0


children (15.41) regarding thumb sucking who belonged to nuclear families and the

lowest mean knowledge score (14.19) of mothers of under five children who belonged to

joint families.

Hence, it can be concluded that type of family had no impact on the knowledge of



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TABLE7


according to occupation of caste.

N=30


Sr. no. Caste n Mean SD

a. General 20 16.31 4.91

b. BC 4 13.63 4.21

c. SC 6 11.8 4.06

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0


children. (16.31) belonged to general category followed by mothers of under five children

belonged to BC category (13.63) and the lowest mean knowledge score of mothers of

under five children (11.8) belonged to SC category.

Hence, it can be concluded that religion had high impact on the knowledge of mothers of

under five children regarding thumb sucking.


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TABLE8


according to No. of children.


Sr. no. No. of children n Mean SD

a. 1 6 18.52 5.88

b. 2 16 15.08 4.43

c. 3 5 10.7 4.41

d. > 3 3 11.75 2.22

Maximum Score = 30

Minimum Score = 0


children (18.52) regarding thumb sucking who have 1 child, followed by (15.08) the

mothers of under five children who have 2 children, (11.75) the mothers of under five

children who have >3 children and the lowest mean knowledge score (10.7) of mothers of

under five children who have 3 children.

Hence, it can be concluded that no. of children had high impact on the knowledge of



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MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Majority of the mothers of under five children 26.6% were in the group 24-27years, 50% of mothers of under five children had graduate and above. The

majority of mothers of under five children 53.3% were housewives, 33.4% of

mothers of under five children were those whose husbands had secondary

education level, 46.6% of mother of under five children were those whose

husbands were doing private jobs, 53.4% of the mothers belonged to the < 5000

Rs. Group of family monthly income. The majority of mothers of under five

children 60% were from nuclear family and 66.6% belonged to general category,

53.4% of mothers of under five children had 2 children and 46.6% had family

members as their source of information.

Majority of mothers of under five children 60% were having below averageknowledge, followed by 26.6% of them have average knowledge and only 13.4%

of them had good knowledge about thumb sucking.

Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (30) were in agegroup 28-31 years and the lowest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five

children (20.22) were in the age group 32-35 years.

Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (17.42) were ingroup of private job in occupation of father and the lowest mean knowledge score

of mothers of under five children (11.80) were in group of labourer in occupation

of father.

Highest mean knowledge score of mothers of under five children (20.14) were inthe group of >15001 Rs. In family monthly income and the lowest mean


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knowledge score of mothers of under five children (13.17) were in group of

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