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An integrated simulator of the crew of self-propelled antiaircraft weapon ZSU 2C6 of antiaircraft gun-missile complex 2K22 "Tunguska-M"
An integrated simulator of the crew of
self-propelled antiaircraft weapon ZSU
2C6 of antiaircraft gun-missile complex
2K22 "Tunguska-M"
Main characteristics
The structural and functional adequacy of simulator Imitation shooting in every way - from the place, with a short stop, in movement The library of three-dimensional terrain models Editor air and noise conditions 3- and 6-DOF motion platforms A wide range of conditions of employment and training (active and passive noise, day and night, rain, snow, cloudy and sunny weather, fires and smoke) conditions Objectivity of assessment of trainees' actions crews, based Course driving combat vehicles and Firing course and fighting work Documenting results Reliability and durability of simulator Guarantee and post-guarantee service of simulator
The simulator is designed to co-education and training of crews ZSU 2C6 in order to create and maintain the stable skills and teamwork of the crew in action in preparation for shooting, reconnaissance of air and ground targets, firing artillery and rocket weapons
Purpose and characteristics of the simulator
Features of existing training facilities for the
training of crews ZSU 2S6 "Tunguska”
Name and code number of existing
training facilities
Possibilities existing training
facilities for education and training
9М311УД - teaching and acting SAM 9M311 Education inspection functionality 9M311 missiles
9М311ГВМ - dimensions and weight SAM layout
Education and training on loading / unloading ZSU 2C6
УМ311-УР - training and split-rocket Study design of SAM 9M311
2У437 - set of tools for the study of the principles of functioning of the ZSU 2C6
The study of the functioning of the equipment ZSU 2C6
9Ф810 - simulator of the gunner of ZSU 2C6 Education and training gunner on tracking of air targets
1РЛ912 - imitator Training commander and operator on combat self-propelled anti-aircraft ZSU 2C6
The objective necessity: the development and introduction of effective simulators for crew training to combat training
Research and Production Enterprise "Energy 2000" has developed an integrated simulator of the crew of self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ZSU 2C6 of the anti-aircraft gun-missile complex 2K22 "Tunguska", index KTE-2C6
Existing training facilities have low capabilities for imaging in the field of optical
sights, do not provide the possibility of the formation of air and jamming
environment, close to the modern anti-aircraft combat, do not provide the possibility
of training management, lack of objective control systems do not provide
opportunities for integrated training crew.
Сombat training results: a significant degree of convention activities, the
impossibility of formation of the required level of proficiency of specialists
armament, of the crew teamwork
The construction of the crew integrated simulator
of ZSU 2C6 (КТЕ-2С6 index)
The principle of the simulator consists in pairing the equipment crew jobs with
computational tools that provide:
Operation of the simulator in accordance with the technical specifications of ZSU
2C6,
Displaying of air and noise conditions on simulators commander indicators and
operator,
Realistic visualization of air situation in the field of optical instruments, taking into
account the time of day and year, geographic and meteorological conditions of the
area of combat operations
Realistic display of firing artillery gun and missile launch
Conversion unit digital
codes into electrical
signals
Three-dimensional
object imaging unit and
the background of the
environment The
workplace
instructor
Instructor
Controls and
indication means
of the Mockup of
Fighting Module
of self-propelled
anti-aircraft
weapon ZSU 2C6
and Mockup of
Control Module
of tracked
vehicle GM-352
Mathematical
model
of ZSU 2C6
Conversion unit
physical quantities
into electrical signals
and digital form
Sp
ec
ia
lists (c
re
ws),
wh
o a
re
tra
in
ed
Motion platforms of
simulator's cabins
Instructor
interaction with
trainees
220 V
50 Hz
Frequency converter No.1 Asynchronous EM No.1 Platform adapter
Motion platform
Frequency converter No.2
Frequency converter No.3
Frequency converter No.6
Frequency converter No.5
Frequency converter No.4
Asynchronous EM No.2
Asynchronous EM No.3
Asynchronous EM No.4
Asynchronous EM No.5
Asynchronous EM No.6
Control of output shaft of gear motor for
speed and position
Workplace Instructor
Workplace
Instructor’s
system unit
Video monitor
Main menu of
manager
Keyboard Optical manipulator
Server
Video monitor for
control of current
status of control
elements
Local area network
Simulators of devices and equipment
Simulators of control
devices by engine run-up,
tracked vehicle GM-352
movement
Simulators of
control and
indication
devices
Simulators of
prismatic
observation
devices
Acoustic system
Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle GM-352
I/O
adapter
Asynchronous motors of gear motors
Simulators of devices and equipment
Simulators of control
and
indication devices of
gunner workplace
Simulators of control
and
indication devices of
operator workplace
Mockup of Fighting Module of self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ZSU 2C6
Simulators of control
and
indication devices of
commander
workplace
Acoustic system
I/O
adapter
Video monitors for
control of observation
and aiming devices field
of view
System unit
Video monitor
Area map and
external camera view
Simulator Schematic Block Diagram
The composition of the simulator
1. Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle GM-352
2. Mockup of Fighting Module of self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ZSU 2C6
3. The workplace instructor
4. Spare parts and accessories
5. Operational documentation
6. Transport packages
View Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle GM-352
View Mockup of Fighting Module of self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ZSU 2C6
Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle
GM-352
General view Mockup of Control Module Equipment of Mockup of Control Module
The Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle GM-352 is designed for both
individual learning and training of the driver, as well as for driver training as a part
of the crew and performs the following actions and activities:
start the drive motor and monitoring parameters of its work
tankodrom movement, overcoming obstacles, driving performance of the exercises in full
combat vehicles driving course
movement on different types of terrain
launch power unit (turbine and generator PTO)
choice of place and stop firing rockets
Composition of Equipment of Mockup of Control Module
Imitators
◙ steering wheel with gear shift lever
◙ Fuel supply pedal
◙ brake pedal
◙ instrument front panel
◙ Right dashboard
◙ handbrake lever
◙ observation device TNPO-168
◙ jalousie actuator lever
Equipment
◙ motion platform
◙ sound system
◙ headset
◙ Box A1 intercom
◙ fan
◙ driver's seat
Mockup of Fighting Module of self-propelled
anti-aircraft weapon ZSU 2C6
General view Mockup of Fighting Module
Equipment of Mockup of Fighting Module
Mockup of Fighting Module provides performance of operations and activities : hardware power switch
selection of operating modes ZSU and conducting combat operation in all modes ( "All data from
the radar", "range from the radar, the angular coordinates of the optical sight", "Inertial support",
"On the set target speed determined commander visually by the type chosen for shelling target ","
Shooting on the remote grid ")
search, detection, identification of air targets in all modes of operation, determine the type of
interference, Noise Cancel
issuing and receiving target designation (from an external source and from the commander)
tracking of air targets by radar channel
tracking aerial targets by optical channel under different conditions (reduced visibility, bad
weather, use masking opponent fumes and aerosols)
simulation shooting at air targets with anti-aircraft guns
simulation shooting at air targets surface-to-air missile
evaluation of results of firing
changing positions, reconnaissance and anti-aircraft fire air targets with machine guns on the
move and with a short stop
Imitators
◙ control panel and display
◙ panel commander PC
◙ OK1 control unit
◙ Block indicator circular view OИ1
◙ OЦ2 manipulator
◙ SИ1 block display system
◙ unit CИ2 display system
◙ SU5 unit control system
◙ unit sighting and optical equipment ПОО-2
◙ gunner‘ panel with commands with joystick mechanism
◙ launch control
◙ TKN-3 surveillance unit commander
Equipment ◙ motion platform
◙ sound system
◙ Headset (3 sets)
◙ BV-2 intercom box
◙ Fan (3 pcs.)
◙ commander's seat
◙ operator's seat
◙ gunner's seat
◙ Coordinator navigation
equipment (overall layout)
Equipment of gunner workplace
Composition of Equipment of Mockup of Fighting Module
The workplace instructor
The workplace instructor provides: switching on and off, diagnostics of technical condition of the simulator two-way communication with a trained crew registration of learners crews select of tasks solved by the crew and conditions of their performance (type of terrain, time of day and year, meteorological conditions) the formation of the air, ground and interference environment with built-in editor in preparing lessons and training estimation of crew actions in accordance with the requirements of the Course firing and shooting and combat operation Regulation monitoring over the actions of the crew during a combat operation and management of the course of training (changes in the course of training, the repetition of certain elements of exercises and situations change training conditions)
General view of Instructor workplace
Workplace
Instructor
Functional features
◙ Choice of training
conditions
◙ Choice of exercises
from library
◙ Generation of new
exercises
◙ Control of trainees
actions in course of
training
◙ Diagnostics of
technical condition of
simulator
Input of failures
and faults of
simulated
equipment of
ZSU 2C6
Mode selection
◘ Restart
◘ Training
◘ Aerial situation editor
◘ Ground situation editor
◘ Training results
Testing results
printout
Assessment for
execution of
exercise
Generation of
database of
results for
certain period
Operational
assistance to the
manager
Simulator turn on (turn
off)
Technical characteristics of the simulator
The functional adequacy: conformity to the characteristics real ZSU 2C6
a full list of features of real systems and equipment ZSU 2C6, controls and indicators
matching algorithms functioning devices and simulator equipment in all modes and reaction
controls and displays on the simulator control actions of trainees
display of radar data on the simulator screen detection station and target tracking station
visualization of the external environment in the field of simulators of optical observation and
aiming devices
calculation of the detection range of aerial targets, in accordance with the characteristics of the
stations target detection and tracking, topography, characteristics of air targets, the interference
situation
calculation of missile flight path in accordance with the characteristics of the control loop
calculation of projectile trajectories based on the ballistic performance of 30-mm guns and
ammunition used
accounting affection ground target for simulating the firing of anti-aircraft guns
visibility calculation of air and ground targets on the basis of the optical characteristics of
observation and aiming devices
account in the model the movements of all the main characteristics of the track GM-352
machine (engine power to the different gears, the transmission characteristics, weight ZSU), as
well as the characteristics of the terrain (topography, soil type, road conditions)
compliance with sound effects of the engine, gas turbine unit, tower drives and anti-aircraft
machine guns, launches missiles, firing anti-aircraft machine guns
body angles playback ZSU during movement and acceleration effects at a set speed, braking
and cornering
Degree of coverage of operations of
fighting work crew ≥ 0,9
The integrated adequacy ratio of
the simulator ≥0,8
Example: workplace commander ZSU 2C6
in the simulator In the real ZSU 2C6
The structural and functional adequacy
The structural adequacy of simulator: compliance with the real ZSU 2C6
internal geometric dimensions layouts of the simulator cabs
compliance with the geometrical sizes, composition and deployment of equipment and simulators
nodes
compliance with the moving ranges and load reaction steering, levers, pedals, flywheels
Special software
Technical characteristics of the simulator
The functional adequacy
Computer simulator program
Control Program of Simulator
Managing the impact of ZSU
crew
Imaging system
Monitors Instructor
WorkPlace
Indicators
of radar stations
Controls of
workplace
Gunner ZSU
Controls of
workplace
commander ZSU
Controls of
workplace
GM-352 driver
Video matrix imitators of
optical observation and
aiming devices
Base of constant
data
Current, intermediate
and integral results
ZSU crew actions
An array of variable data ◙ Terrain, conditions fighting, сover your position units
◙ combat and numerical composition, the order of air defense units
◙ technical condition of ZSU, provision missiles and ammunition, the availability of
communication channels and control, the combat readiness
◙ the composition of the air forces of the enemy, routes and altitude, types of maneuver, strike
order (use of air weapons and electronic warfare), the order of application of EW
◙ order of reconnaissance and strike the reflection of the air enemy (alerting 1, the number of
missiles and ammunition allocated to parry, fire on the far or near the border of the affected
area)
Collective use screen Indication and
alarm system of
the simulator
cabs
Executive devices of
the simulator
Motion platforms of
the simulator cabs
Audio system of
the simulator
Controls of
workplace
operator ZSU
Computer simulator program provides an adequate simulation of the behavior of a self-propelled
anti-aircraft ZSU 2C6 in real time in all modes, including the technical failures of devices and
systems.
Computer simulator program provides realization of tactical and technical characteristics of the
simulated antiaircraft gun-missile complex "Tunguska-M”
Technical characteristics of the simulator
The structure of the computer program of the
simulator
Parameters of the affected area of airborne targets
for gun arms
altitude from 0 to 3000 m
range from 200 to 4000 m
parameter to 2000 m
for missile arms
altitude from 0 to 3500 m
range from 1800 to 8000 m
parameter to 4000 m
Modes of fire arms
antiaircraft machine guns with places, in motion, at any time missiles from the place, of short stops, in optical target sight
Characteristics of arms
antiaircraft machine guns
caliber 30 mm
the initial velocity of the projectile 960 m/s
the rate of fire of 2 machine guns 4000-5000 shots per minute
allowance of ammunition 1904 shots
missiles
Warhead weight 9 кg
average speed 600 m/s
the radius of defeat of warhead 5 m
missile guidance system semi-automatic radio command with optical communication line
allowance of ammunition 8 missiles
A mathematical model of
of radar stations
detection and tracking
A mathematical model of
optical instruments of
observation and aiming
Mathematical models of
aircraft flight
The mathematical
model of the dynamics
of motion GM-352
Mathematical model of
firing anti-aircraft machine
guns
A mathematical model
of a missile flight
Fixed and variable data, a single counter time
Control program
O module ZSU crew action results
of radar stations screens
Mathematical model of
visualization
external space
Executive devices of
the simulator
Adequacy of dynamic characteristics
Play slopes ZSU body and loads of acceleration during the
movement, of rotation of the tower, the recoil effect when firing
anti-aircraft machine guns simulation provides a dynamic platform
The position of the Mockup of Control Module of tracked vehicle GM-352 in the process of
simulating movement
The simulator used 6-DOF motion platform that provides:
a) speed controllable magnitude and angle of inclination
about a transverse axis (pitch)
around the longitudinal axis (roll)
rotation around the vertical axis (yaw)
b) Controlled speed and magnitude of the linear movement
in the longitudinal plane
in the transverse plane
vertical axis
Technical characteristics of the simulator
Parameter Mockup of Control Module
of tracked vehicle GM-352
Mockup of Fighting Module of
self-propelled anti-aircraft
weapon ZSU 2C6
Type of driven electric motors Asynchronous with a short-circuited rotor
Control of driven engines Frequency by speed and position
Pitch angle +/- 20 degr +/- 7 degr
Roll angle +/- 20 degr +/- 7 degr
Vertical moving +/- 100 mm +/- 100 mm
Angle of turn around a vertical axis +/- 25 degr +/-11 degr
Value of longitudinal displacement +/- 200 mm
Size of cross-section displacement +/- 200 mm
Angular speed of moving on axes 0-20 degr/sec
Accuracy of processing of control
signals
0.2 degr. by angles
10 mm by postion
High quality target environment visualization is achieved by:
the use of LCD monitors and high-resolution matrix (at least 1280x1024) in simulators of
electron-beam indicators and optical observation and aiming devices
detail and observance of three-dimensional models of air targets sizes
exact match display of radar data on the screens of cathode ray simulators real indicators -
radial-circular and linear sweep, targeting markers, markers of identification signals, marks the
objectives and local objects, interference from stray light
detail and portrayal of terrain textures
matching of colors textures and objects of the real terrain colors and contrast
corresponds to an angular size and shape of air targets, terrain features, vegetation and ground
targets to real objects in the field of optical observation and aiming devices
imitation of the visual effects start anti-aircraft missiles and shooting FOR smoke and flashes of
light in the field of optical instruments, surveillance gunner, commander and driver (the coincidence
of the direction of fire with the angular positions of the axes of devices monitoring the driver and
commander)
visual effects simulated flight missiles and anti-aircraft shells tracks and destroy air and ground
targets
Quality target environment visualization
Visualization of air situation on the radar screens, in the field of optical
observation and aiming devices provides a fully functional training of the crew
to conduct radar and visual reconnaissance of air, ground and sea targets,
firing missiles and anti-aircraft guns
Image radar indicators in the simulator
circular scan indicator ОИ1 range indicator and azimuth-distance
Visualization of the field of view optical sight gunner in the simulator
when tracking by a helicopter at the time of the defeat of the helicopter by
missile
Technical characteristics of the simulator
Reliability
Simulator provides reliable operation during the entire operation period:
warranty period (2years)
post-warranty periods of operation (6 years)
Simulator reliability program is based on the following principles:
◘ application of reliable experience-proven components and incoming inspection in
production
◘ development of software solutions which would eliminate conflicts of special
software with general one, as well as with hardware
◘ repeated verification of developed design solutions
◘ application of design solutions which ensure long-term operation of mechanical
assemblies
◘ functional and stage wise control of quality of mechanical and electrical assembly
of simulators
◘ use of turning angles and motion proximity sensors (only) in simulator
assemblies (based on magnetically sensitive circuits)
◘ application of protection means of PCBs
of electronic devices and connector pins from the influence of environment
◘ use of computers in the industrial (secured) version
◘ use of uninterruptible power sources for computers
◘ providing necessary temperature modes for simulator equipment
◘ provision of power supply margin
Warranty and service life
◙ Warranty period of operation of the simulator is 2 years under observation of
operational rules and maintenance in accordance with operational
documentation.
◙ Service life of the simulator is at least 8 years under observation of operational
rules and maintenance in accordance with operational
documentation.
® Simulator ensures continuous operation during 12 hours per day
® MTBF of the simulator is not less than 500 hours
Technical characteristics of the simulator
Educational-methodical possibilities of the simulator
Individual training of ZSU 2C6 -2 driver mechanicals
individual education and training of the crew commander
individual education and training of the operator
individual education and training of the gunner
Joint fire and tactical training of crews
Capabilities of the simulator to create conditions of education and training:
size of the three-dimensional model of the site area– 4х4 km
Types of terrain – median, mountain, desert (3D model of any real area
of terrain with size of 8x8 km can be created by Customer’s request)
Types of roads – ground, hard-surfaced, cross-country
Time of day – day, twilight, night
Weather conditions – sunny, cloudy, rain, snow, wind of various velocity
and direction
season – summer, winter (by the Customer’s request in accordance with
the conditions of geographical area of exercises and trainings)
Capabilities of the simulator for education and training of driver
mechanicals:
execution of the full list of exercises of the course of driving combat
vehicles (CDCV) with automatic assessment of trainees actions
driving under various road conditions and in the cross-country during the
execution of fire and tactical tasks of a crew
View of the ZSU 2C6 from controlled video
cameras in the workplace instructor
Driving the tank ranges and view obstacles
№ Index Quantitative and qualitative characteristics
1 Formation of ground, air and noise conditions to train crews using the built-
in editor the size of the air space polygon
(length x width x height), km
80х80х5
range of altitudes targets, m 0-5 000
the number of targets simultaneously in
the air
до 40
types of air targets maneuvers In height, course, speed in accordance with the
performance characteristics of the simulated targets
types of interference Active noise
nonsynchronous impulse
passive
Gone in range
types of simulated air targets Tactical fighters (like the F-16, Su-27)
Attack aircraft (such as "Alpha Jet", the A-10A)
Attack helicopters (Mi-24, AH-64)
Cruise missiles (ALCM type)
anti-radar missiles
Times of Day Day (sunny, cloudy), night, twilight
weather conditions Rain, fog, snow
types of terrain crossed, desert, mountain
definition ZSU place in order of battle
platoon and battery
Selecting tasks from the library of the simulator, or
forming tactical situation using the built-in editor
2 Getting the fire mission from the battery commander, the immediate
preparation of the shooting, including search, target detection station target detection, Noise Cancel
radar target identification accessories
target designation to the tracking radar
a secondary search, detection, capture and target tracking by radar tracking
target tracking in ИНЕР mode
sector search and Noise Cancel
search and target tracking optical sight (ПО mode)
target tracking in semi-automatic mode
target tracking in semi-pointing mode (ПАН mode)
a decision on shelling targets, appointment type of fire
3 The shooting at air targets choice missile (P mode), shelling target missiles (the first), the evaluation of results of shooting,
shelling target missiles (second), evaluation of the results of firing missiles
A zone evaluation, selection artillery weapons (mode A), anti-aircraft guns firing targets,
evaluation of results of firing anti-aircraft machine guns, resetting targets with support
Educational-methodical possibilities of the simulator
Capabilities of the simulator for education and training of commander,
operator and gunner:
execution of the full list of exercises of the fire course with automatic
assessment of trainees actions
Execution of fire and tactical tasks by the crew
Structure of methodical maintenance of a
training simulator
METHODICAL MAINTENANCE
Methodical
maintenance of the
automated system
of training
Library of tasks of
training firings of
beginner level
Library of tasks
of training firings
of high difficulty
Automated diagnostics
of skill level
Management of
parameters of the
educational-
informational
environment according
to recommendations by
results of trainings
Scenarios of actions of the
air opponent
Variants of placing of
hindrances
Fire control variants
Variants of actions of the
aircraft
Features instructor to monitor trainees' actions: ◙ по протоколу выполнения упражнений вождения и огневых упражнений
◙ по докладам обучаемых по средствам связи
◙ on the current state of controls and displays of Mockup of Fighting Module and Mockup of
Control Module
◙ for duplicated radar screens
◙ for duplicated fields of optical sight and OP observation device TKN-3
◙ as ZSU from the viewpoint of controlled video cameras
◙ ZSU on the situation on the road and tank ranges and tactical field
◙ Protocol on execution of driving exercises and firing exercises
◙ on the reports of the trainees of Communications Marker
targeting
Marks of aerial
targets
Local
objects
Marks of aerial
targets
Educational program of technical experts of the
Customer
Specially trained technical staff (instructors-operators) shall be used for operation
and maintenance of the simulator (simulators). Quantity of the staff shall be determined
by the number of simulators and combat training program (training process).
The objectives of operator instructor include preparation of exercise (training)
and input of initial data in accordance with the operation manual, plan and order of the
exercises (training), assurance of control over the course of training for the instructor
and control over the actions of trainees at the execution of exercises, as well
maintenance of the simulator (simulators), their performance control and repair in
accordance with operation manual requirements.
Education of technical experts is carried out in the following scope:
N
o.
Name of the topic Numbe
r of
hours
1 Safety regulations for the operation of simulators 1
2 Arrangement and operation procedures (including repair) of simulators 16
3 Study of functionality of simulators to ensure combat training 32
4 Procedure to conduct exercises (trainings) 24
Technical staff engaged in the operation of simulators shall meet the following
requirements:
• availability of admission to operation of electrical consumers
•Knowledge of Windows 7 (Windows 8) operation system
• knowledge of structure and fundamentals of operation of ZSU 2C6
• knowledge of the Firing Course.
Developer and manufacturer "Research and Production enterprise «Energy 2000» Ltd. Legal address 04119, Kiev, ul.Degtyarevskaya, 36 Mailing Address 03151, Kiev-151 Vozduhoflotskyi Avenue, 94A www.simulator.ua
