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Level 1 – Earth’s Surface – The Lithosphere Level 2 – Earth’s Mantle - The Asthenosphere Level 3 – The Outer Core Level 4 – The Inner Core How do we KNOW these levels exist? Explore the Depths - Test Your Knowledge

The Lithosphere

The Lithosphere is the upper surface of the

earth composed of the SOLID upper mantle

which is made up of the earth’s crust including

bothOceanic Crust

andContinental Crust.Press to continue

The Lithosphere

The various Continental Plates

link together to make up the Lithosphere.

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The Earth’s Mantle

The earth’s mantle actually exists in two distinct

layers. The upper Mantle is composed of rock with the consistency of plastic(like silly putty) called

The AsthenosphereThe Asthenosphere

The lower layer of the Mantle is rigid and solid.

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The Earth’s Mantle

The AsthenosphereThe AsthenosphereThe continental plates drift over the soft asthenosphere as the heat of the earth’s core rises creating currents that Result inContinental Drift.

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The Outer Core

The Outer Core of the Earth consists

of liquid rock composed of Iron with 12% sulphur silicon, oxygen,

nickel and potassium

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The Inner Core

The Inner Core of the Earth consists of

SOLID rock composed of Iron

with 10-20% nickel.

Some physicists believe that the movement of

electrical charges between the inner and outer core produce the earth’s magnetic field. Press to continue

How do we KNOW these levels exist?Seismologists study Earthquakes. Earthquakes produce shock waves

that travel through the earth and can be measured on the other side of the

earth.

P waves (primary waves) go through solid and liquid.

The vibrate differently passing through solids than when they pass in

liquid.S waves (secondary waves)

only go through solids.

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How do we KNOW these levels exist?

P waves (primary waves) go through solid and liquid. They vibrate differently passing through solids than when they pass in

liquid.S waves (secondary waves)

only go through solids.

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A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

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OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

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A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

Press to continue

OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

Press to continue

A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

Press to continue

OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

Press to continue

A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

Press to continue

OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

Press to continue

A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

Press to continue

OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

Press to continue

A. Level 1 – The LithosphereB. Level 2 – The AsthenosphereC. Level 3 – The Outer CoreD. Level 4 – The Inner Core

Please “CLICK” on the Correct Answer

CORRECT… Way to GO!!!

Press to continue

OH NO… Good Shot – TRY AGAIN!

Press to continue

Thank you for using this Tutorial

Resources

Unless indicated otherwise, all scientific information and graphics are taken fromMonroe, J., Wicander, R., and Hazlett, R. (2007) Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth.

6th Edition. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.

“Major Tectonic Plates of the World” graphic retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect2/F1-15.jpg

Continental “Convection Currents” graphic retrieved April 13, 2008 from http://www.stvincent.ac.uk/Resources/EarthSci/Tectonics/images/convection.gif