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1 An Introduction to Additive Manufacturing May 19, 2021
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An Introduction to
Additive
Manufacturing
May 19, 2021
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Jim is a Principal in the Youngstown, Ohio office of HBK CPAs &
Consultants. After graduating from Youngstown State University, he
joined the firm in 1988. He is the Director of the HBK’s
Manufacturing Solutions Group, the firm’s industry group focused on
supporting manufacturing clients.
Jim has extensive experience in the areas of tax planning, estate
planning, business consulting, finance and accounting services.
While Jim works with a variety of industries, he specializes in
manufacturing services, with vast experience supporting plastic
processing, steel fabrication, food manufacturing, signage, industrial
products and additive manufacturing clients.
Jim is an active member of the Mahoning Valley community.
He participates in several community organizations including as
Chair and Executive Committee Board Member of the Youngstown
Business Incubator.
Jim Dascenzo,CPAPrincipal, Manufacturing Solutions Group
P: (330) 758-8613
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TODAY’S DISCUSSION
•Additive Manufacturing 101
•Resources available for AM support: YBI
•Your Questions
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POLL QUESTION
•My company is currently using additive manufacturing.
• Yes
• No
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COVID-19 RELIEFAdditive Manufacturing 101
AM 101 TrainingPresented By: Zac DiVencenzo
Additive Manufacturing: Overview
• Building, layer upon layer, to create a 3D model
• Eliminates the waste of traditional, subtractive manufacturing
• Allows for design and creation of complex geometries
Additive Manufacturing: Overview
• Building, layer upon layer, to create a 3D model
• Eliminates the waste of traditional, subtractive manufacturing
• Allows for design and creation of complex geometries
WasteProductRaw Material
Subtractive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing
Product
Additive Manufacturing: Overview
• Building, layer upon layer, to create a 3D model
• Eliminates the waste of traditional, subtractive manufacturing
• Allows for design and creation of complex geometries
Internal Chambers
Varying ContoursInternal Features
Additive Manufacturing: Process
Model Print Part
• Design & Model
• CAD or
SOLIDWORKS
• STL
• Slicing software: Tool
path generation
• Ready to use
• Post process
• Surface finish
• Treatment
Additive Manufacturing: Material
By Class:
• Consumer
• Professional
• Industrial
By Material Type:
• Polymer
• Thermoplastics – ABS, TPU, Nylon
• Thermosets – Epoxy, Silicon
• Metal
• Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Brass
• Ceramic
• Sand
• Others – Biomaterials, Food
By Form:
• Filament
• Powder
• Liquids
POLL QUESTION
Do you need CPE Credit for today’s presentation?
• Yes, please!
• No, thank you.
Vat Photopolymerization
• Vat Photopolymerization is a process in
which liquid photopolymer in a vat is
selectively cured by light-activated
polymerization
• Materials: Thermoset photopolymer
• Common Names:
• SLA (Stereolithography)
• DLP (Directed Light Processing)
• CDLP (Continuous DLP)
Vat Photopolymerization• Tolerance: ± .15 mm
• Layer Resolution: 25 – 100 microns
• Pros: Smooth surface finish, fine features / details
• Cons: Not suitable for mechanical parts / load bearing
properties. Parameters are fixed (unlike FFF). Curling
on large flat surfaces and unsupported areas
• Applications: injection mold-like polymer prototypes,
jewelry (investment casting), dental applications,
hearing aids
• Material Cost: $50 - $400 per liter
Powder Bed Fusion• Powder Bed Fusion is a process in
which thermal energy selectively fuses
regions of a powder bed
• Materials: Thermoplastics, thermosets,
metals, ceramics, sand
• Common Names:
• SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
• DMLS (Directed Laser Sintering)
• SLM (Selective Laser Melting)
• EBM (Electron Beam Melting)
Powder Bed Fusion
• Tolerance: ± .3 mm (material and machine dependent)
• Pros: Functional, good mechanical property part, complex geometry execution (no support
material necessary)
• Cons: Longer lead time, high cost
Binder Jetting
• Binder Jetting is a process in which a liquid
bonding agent is selectively deposited to
join powder materials. Very similar to SLS
• Materials: Thermoplastics, thermosets
ceramics, sand, metals
Binder Jetting
• Tolerance: ± .2 - .3 mm accuracy (material and machine
dependent)
• Pros: Low-cost, large build volumes, functional metal parts
• Cons: Mechanical properties in printed state is weak
Material Jetting
• Material Jetting is a process in which
droplets of build material are selectively
deposited. Think of 2D printing, no layer
upon layer.
• Materials: Photopolymers or “wax-like”
digital materials
• Common Names:
• DOD (Drop on Demand)
Material Jetting
• Tolerance: ± .1 mm accuracy (machine
dependent)
• Pros: Best surface finish, material availability: full
color & multi-material
• Cons: Not suitable for mechanical parts / load
bearing, higher cost than Vat Photopolymerization
• Applications: full color product prototypes,
injection mold-like prototypes, low run injection
molds, medical models
Sheet Lamination
• Sheet Lamination is a process in which sheets of
material are bonded to form a part
• Adhesive-coated papers, metals tapes, or foils
Material Extrusion
• Material Extrusion is a process in which
material is selectively dispensed
through a nozzle or orifice
• Materials: Thermoplastics, thermosets,
and metals (via “microwave enhanced
sintering”)
• Common Names:
• FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication)
• FGF (Fused Granulate Fabrication)
• DIW (Direct Ink Writing)
Material Extrusion
• Tolerance: ± .5mm accuracy (machine dependent)
• Pros: Low – cost, functional parts upon printing
• Cons: Limited accuracy for small detail, visible layers
on surface
• Applications: Jigs, fixtures & tooling, investment
casting patterns, electrical housings/enclosures, form
& fit testing pieces
Directed Energy Deposition
• Directed Energy Deposition is a process in which
focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials
by melting as they are being deposited
• Material: Metals
• Common Names:
• DLD (Directed Laser Deposition)
• LMD (Laser Metal Deposition)
Directed Energy Deposition
Tolerance: ± .1 mm (± 0.003”)
Pros: Strong, functional parts, complex geometry design
Cons: Varying surface finish, Highest cost
Applications: functional metal parts (aerospace, automotive), medical,
dental
RECAP
AM is the process of building a 3D object one layer at a time, until the object is complete
• Reduces non-value-added waste
• Allows for design freedom
Various materials and printing technologies
• Plastic, metal, ceramic, sand
• Filament, pellet, powder
• 7 ISO/ASTM recognized technologies utilizing heat, light, energy, and chemicals to create layers
Why AM?
• Reduced lead time
• Lower inventory levels
• No need for customized tooling
Reading Recommendation
Additive Manufacturing Application
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Sand Casting Patterns
Additive Manufacturing ApplicationHigh Temperature Vacuum Molds
Additive Manufacturing ApplicationMachine Guarding/End Effectors
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Additive Manufacturing ApplicationNon-Pneumatic Tires
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POLL QUESTION
•My company will consider adopting additive manufacturing.
• Yes
• No
• Maybe
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COVID-19 RELIEFHow to Obtain Support –
Youngstown Business Incubator
ABOUT US
Founded in 1995 as the Youngstown, Ohio region’s general business incubator, YBI has grown
into a campus of 5 historic buildings, renovated and reimagined to inspire a new generation of
innovative tech and additive manufacturing businesses. YBI’s multi-faceted approach to
supporting Ohio’s Innovation economy includes the:
❏ Entrepreneurial Services Program
❏ Minority Business Assistance Center
❏ Women in Entrepreneurship Program
❏ YOUth Entrepreneurship Program
❏ Additive Manufacturing Services Program
Supports the adoption of AM working with industry partners for:
❏ Identification of candidate parts
❏ Project management
❏ Design & Engineering
❏ Proposal writing
❏ Supply chain development
❏ Metal/ceramic part printing
❏ Education and training
❏ Post processing
The Additive Manufacturing Services (AMS) Program
TECH BLOCK BUILDING #5 (TBB5)❏ Dedicated entirely to Additive Manufacturing (AM)
❏ 65,000 sf facility = 5th building on YBI’s campus
❏ Houses ten AM companies and is at capacity
❏ Phase 2 renovations to begin this year
❏ Objective: added workspace to enrich current & foster new AM companies
and research
Barb Ewing: Chief Executive Officer - YBI
(330) 717-2269
Stephanie Gaffney: Director, Advanced
Manufacturing Programs - YBI
(330) 503-0561
Contact Information
Major Subsectors of NEO Manufacturing
Industry Jobs (2020) GRP (2019)# Businesses
(2020)LQ (2020)
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
51,976 $6.2B 1,807 2.70
Machinery Manufacturing 34,023 $4.2B 905 2.34
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
28,998 $5.5B 282 1.29
Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing
24,252 $2.5B 412 2.58
Food Manufacturing 21,052 $2.6B 409 0.98
Primary Metal Manufacturing 20,609 $3.2B 246 4.13
Chemical Manufacturing 18,225 $7.6B 372 1.65
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
9,588 $1.8B 228 0.69
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COVID-19 RELIEFQuestions
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NEED MORE INFORMATION?
Jim Dascenzo, CPA
Principal, HBK Manufacturing Solutions Group
Zac DiVencenzoCo-founder & President, JuggerBot 3D
Stephanie GaffneyYBI Director, Advanced Manufacturing Programs
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Hill, Barth & King, LLC (“HBK”) is a
multidisciplinary financial services firm, offering
the collective intelligence of hundreds of
professionals committed to delivering exceptional
client service across a wide range of tax,
accounting, audit, business advisory, valuation,
financial planning, wealth management and
support services.
Copyright © 2020 Hill, Barth & King, LLC. All
rights reserved.
This Presentation contains general information
only, and HBK is not providing through this
presentation accounting, tax, business, financial,
investment, legal or other professional services
or advice. This presentation is not a substitute for
professional services or advice, and it must not
be used as a basis for any decision or action that
may affect you or your business. Please consult
a qualified business advisor before making any
decision or taking any action that may affect your
business. HBK shall not be responsible for any
loss sustained by any person who relies on this
presentation.
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THANK YOU FOR
ATTENDING
