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An Introduction to Alternativeand Complementary Medicine

NUTR 547 Nutrition UpdateDavid L. Gee, PhD

Summer 2006

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Allopathic Medicine : A system of medicine that embraces all

methods of proven value in the treatment of disease.Conventional medicine, Western Medicine

Complementary and Alternaitive

Medicinea group of diverse medical and health caresystems, practices, and products that are notpresently considered to be part of conventional

medicine. (NCCAM, 2006)

Definitions

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Alternative medicine: :used in place of conventional medicine

using special diet to treat cancer instead of chemotherapy, surgery, etc...

Complementary medicine :used together with conventional medicine

using aroma therapy to relieve discomfort followingsurgery

Integrative medicine :combines mainstream and CAM therapies for which there issome high-quality scientific evidence of safety andeffectiveness.

Definitions

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A glimpse of CAM in American history.

Bible Christian Evangelist (1794-1851)Promoted homeopathic medicineand the belief of natural living

Dyspepsia caused by diets tooconcentratedbreak up diet by puttingback the branMeat excited vile tempers andhabitsdrove men to sexual excessesCold baths, exercise, fresh air, cold food

Sylvester GrahamInventor of the Graham Cracker

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A glimpse of CAM in American history.

Adventist Sister Ellen WhiteUpon advice from the Lord, built the WesternHealth Reform Institute in Battle Creek, MI.

Employed a medical physicianDaily enemas, vegetarianism, whole grainadvocateHenry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, Harvey Firestonebecame patients

Developed wheat flake cerealDr. John Harvey Kellogg

Younger brother, William Kellogg, develops thecorn flake cereal, leaves brother and establishedhis own company (WK Kellogg company) in 1906

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A glimpse of CAM in American history.

In 1891, a well-to-do real estatesalesman and blanket manufacturer was apatient at the Battle Creek Sanitarium

Spent his fortune atB

attle Creek trying torecover his health. Asked Kellogg if he couldpromote a new coffee cereal; was denied.

Left Battle Creek, became a ChristianScientist, started his own sanitarium andcereal company (with some of Kelloggsformulations!)Cereal coffee- Postum could cure coffee

neuralgia and cofee heart Broken bits of sheets of baked wheat: GrapeNuts

His name: C.W. Post

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T he Use of CAM in the US.2004 Report by NCCAM & NCHS

3 6% of Americans use CAM

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Who uses CAM the most?

Women more than menpeople with higher educationpeople who have been hospitalized in past year

former smokers (more than current or never smoked)

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T ypes of CAMdefined by NCCAM, 2006

Mind- Body Medicinetechniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affectbodily function and symptoms

meditation, mental healing

Energy Medicinetherapies affecting body energy fields (qi gong, healingtouch, Reiki) or unconventional use of electro-magneticfieldsusing

Manipulative and Body-basedPractices

chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation or massage therapy

Biologically based productsherbs and other dietary supplements

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Mind-body medicine used most (if including prayer)Biologically based practices used most if prayerexcluded

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Spending on CAMEisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. T rends in alternative medicine use in the UnitedStates, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA . 1998;280(18):1569-1575.

$3 6- $ 47 billion in 1997$ 12- $ 20 billion out of pocket

more than spent out of pocket forhospitalizationshalf of what was spent out of pocket forphysician services

$ 5 billion spent on herbal supplements

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So why study CAM ?

Many Americans utilize CAMMoney

Alternative vs ComplementaryMedicineCAM interactions with Allopathicmedicine

drug interactionsnutrient interactions

Most commonly used type of CAM

are dietary supplements/herbs