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Introduction to Deep Time arc Hirschmann niversity of Minnesota
An Introduction to Deep TimeMarc HirschmannUniversity of Minnesota
CIDER Summer Program 2012
“DEEP TIME”“How did early Earth become our modern world?”
July 1 – August 10Tutorial/Workshop July 15-August 10
Application Deadline February 1st, 2012Instructors (some additions expected)
Geochemistry: Rick Carlson, Mark Harrison, Bill McDonough, Sujoy MukhopadhyayGeodynamics: Bruce Buffett, Michael Manga, Dave StevensonMineral Physics: Marc Hirschmann, Jie Li, Dave RubieSeismology: Ed Garnero, Guy Masters, Barbara Romanowicz
Other Confirmed Faculty Participants: Thorsten Becker, Adam Dziewionski, Abbie Kavner, Louise Kellogg, Sarah Stewart, Kevin Zahnle
WHAT IS CIDER DEEP TIME?How did early Earth become our modern world?
WHAT IS DEEP TIME?
CIDER DEEP TIME?How did early Earth become our modern world?
Some Principles
How far back can we go?
Star Nursuries(Giant Molecular Clouds) Accretion in the solar nebula
Rubie et al. 2011
Accretion/Core Formation/Magma Ocean(s)
Energetics, geochemical differentiation, etc.
Wood and Halliday, 2005
Canup, 2004
The bulk composition ofthe Earth is a key constraint on Its modern geochemistry
Righter+Drake
Usui et al. 2009 - G3
Antiquity of the geodynamo
Sun et al. 2010 Labrosse et al. 2007
Superplumes/LLSVPs: Origin? Ancient Features?Basal Magma Ocean?
Figure from Valley (2002)
What was and what were the effectsof the Late Heavy Bombardment?
Wolfgang et al. 2009
Gradual “Mixing In” of PGEs from Late Veneer (?)
When did the principal mantle geochemical reservoirs arise (and how did they arise through differentiation, mixing of “primitive” and “recycled” components, stirring, etc.
Tackley, 2000 Hart et al. (numerous papers))
S B Shirey, S H Richardson Science 2011;333:434-436
Brown, 2006
When did plate tectonics begin?
Korenaga – in press
Thermal Evoultion of the MantleTaking Into Account Influence of H2O
Herzberg et al. 2010
Mantle TemperatureBased on basalt chemistry
What has been the thermal evoultion of the Earth through time?
Raymond et al. 2006
Delivery of H2O to growing terrestrial planets
What is the inventory of volatiles in the modern Earth?How much was delivered during accretion?
Zahnle et al. 2007
Trail et al. 2011
Hopkins et al. 2008The NORMAL JACK HILLS WORLD
Wilde et al. 2001
Yuan and Romanowicz, 2010
Origin and Stabilization of ContinentsAnd Continental Cratons
Cratonic Xenolith Model Ages(Carlson et al. 2005)
Origin of Life, Evidence for Early Life
Isotopically Light Carbon NanoparticlesRosing, 1999
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