An Introduction to Internet 2

PennNet Engineering - Kassabian - March 1998 1

An Introduction to Internet 2

Deke KassabianUniversity of Pennsylvania ISC Network Engineering


What We’ll Cover

Part 1 - The Evolution of Internets Part 2 - Internet 2 Applications Part 3 - Internet 2 Engineering


The Evolution of Internets

Section 1Section 1


The Internet in the USA

Tens of millions of computers Multiple national backbones,

interconnected at NAPs Many scaling and performance problems


The vBNS

National ATM network at OC-3 (155 Mbps) and OC-12 (622Mbps) bandwidths

Originally interconnected only 5 national Super Computer Centers (SCCs)

NSF “High Performance Connections Program” allows institutions with meritorious research projects to have connections to the vBNS


Network Evolution

Experimental

Commodity Mature, rapid growth

Early Growth


1970: The ArpanetExperimentalCommodityMature, rapid growthEarly Growth

The ARPANET


1980s: Transition to NSFNetExperimentalCommodityMature, rapid growthEarly Growth

Birth of the regionals(NEARnet, NYSERnet,PREPnet, SURAnet, others)


Early 1990s: Transition to commercial backbone

ExperimentalCommodityMature, rapid growthEarly Growth

Regionals plus the NSFNET Backbone. Major carriers building.



1995: The Commodity Internet

Commercial carrierswith exchange points (NAPs).No governmentbackbone



1996: The vBNS

The vBNS



Right Now: Internet 2

Internet 2


Why an Internet 2

Develop a next-generation Internet for research and education that is designed to support multimedia services and very large (global) scope.


Internet 2 Organization

National effort started in 1996 and organized by EDUCOM

Participation by 100 or so top universities and national research labs

Two large and well organized efforts: Applications and Engineering

Funded mostly by participants, partly by the US government


Coordinated Activities

Applications

Engineering

Mot

ivat

e Enable


Internet 2 Applications

Section 2Section 2


Today’s Applications

Telnet (Remote Terminal)

Electronic Mail

USENET News

Web Browsing

File Transfer

Remote File Systems

GUIs (including X)


Today’s Applications

Telnet (Remote Terminal)

Electronic Mail

USENET News

Web Browsing

File Transfer

Remote File Systems

GUIs (including X)

Bandwidth Required:Low to Moderate

Delay Tolerance:Moderate to High

Jitter Tolerance:Moderate to High

Today’s “Best Effort” Network is adequate


Tomorrow’s Applications

Non realtime A/V playback

Internet Telephony

N-way video conferencing

Telemedicine

“The Cave”


The CAVEA surround-screen, surround-sound,

projection-based virtual reality system

Networking multiple CAVEs together is very demanding of network resources


Tomorrow’s Applications

Non realtime A/V playback

Internet Telephony

N-way video conferencing

Telemedicine

“The Cave”

Bandwidth Required:High to Very High

Delay Tolerance:Low to Moderate

Jitter Tolerance:Low to Moderate

Today’s “Best Effort” Network is NOT adequate


Requirements for Tomorrow’s Applications

Minimizing Delay Minimizing Jitter Handling of large objects Managing resource

schedules Managing demand


We need a QoS network!

A QoS network is a network inwhich such requirements can be met by requesting certain quality

features of the network.


Internet 2 Engineering

Section 3Section 3


Internet 2 Technology: Advanced Devices

Devices that can partition bandwidth Devices that can classify and/or expedite traffic


Reserved Bandwidth

All “Best Effort”

Audio Traffic300 Mbps

Video Traffic500 Mbps

1 Gbps


Expedited TrafficNot possible with many network

devices today.

AudioVideo

Email

File Xfer

“Best effort” traffic arrives ahead of time sensitive traffic.

NetworkForwarding

Device


AudioVideo

Email

File Xfer

“Best effort” traffic is forwarded ahead of time sensitive traffic.

NetworkForwarding

Device

Expedited TrafficNot possible with many network

devices today.


TrafficClasifierTrafficClasifier

Expedited Traffic “Traffic Classifiers” enable successful

handling of time sensitive traffic.

AudioVideo

Email

File Xfer

“Best effort” traffic arrives ahead of time sensitive traffic.

Traffic Classifier

Mult.queues


AudioVideo

Email

File Xfer

TrafficClasifierTrafficClasifier

“Best effort” traffic is delayed infavor of time sensitive traffic.

Traffic Classifier

Mult.queues

Expedited Traffic “Traffic Classifiers” enable successful

handling of time sensitive traffic.


RSVP and IPv6 might never be deployed in the “Commodity Internet” without first testing in a

network like Internet 2

Internet 2 Technology: Protocols

RSVP is the IP Resource Reservation Protocol IPv6 is the “Next Generation” of IP and allows

for very large address space, greatly enhanced routing summary, and QoS specification of IP network flows


Internet 2 Technology: Gigapops

Aggregation points for vBNS/Internet 2 sites. Very high availability operations with

redundant/diverse fiber paths, 24 hour manned operation.

Very high bandwidth devices - gigabit routers and switches.

Connections to Internet 2 backbone, vBNS, other Internet 2 members. Other connections to subscriber sites and to Commodity Internet services.


I2 Concept DiagramUSCUC SystemSan Diego SCCPSCPenn StateMITYalePrincetonPennDelawareRutgersHarvardCornellCommodityInternetGigapopGigapopGigapopGigapopGigapopGigapopInternet 2vBNS


For more information....

The Internet 2 web site is at» <URL:http://www.internet2.edu>

Penn’s Internet 2 web pages are at» <URL:http://www.upenn.edu/computing/i2/>

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An Introduction to Internet 2

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