Date post: | 26-Mar-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | faith-greene |
View: | 241 times |
Download: | 0 times |
An introduction to Nankang Tire Technology
OUTLINE
Tire Structure Introduction1
Tire Sidewall Description2
Tire Production Process3
Tire Pattern and Characteristics4
Tire Structure Introduction
Tire components
Tire StructureTire Structure
Tread─ For excellent road handling and water drainage.
Material Synthetic and natural rubber
Functions1.Wear Resistance2.Heat Generation Resistance3.Puncture Resistance
Because the tire tread connects with road directly, wear resistance, heat generation resistance, and Puncture resistance are important necessaryelements in pattern design. Moreover, tread compound should be flexible and resistant to age.
Inner Liner ─ Makes tire airtight and prevents air from leaking.
The Inner lining of rubber located inside the carcass rubber prevents air leaking from thetire. A Tire sidewall mark as” STEEL BELTED TUBELESS” means it's not necessary to use atube.
Material Butyl rubber
Functions Prevent air leaking
Carcass (Textile cord plies) ─Keep tire in fixed shape.
The tire carcass is a framework to support and fix the tires shape after its been inflated.
Material Rayon or polyester
Functions Maintain tire shape when pressure inflated.
Steel Belt- Keep tire stability and handling performance
The Steel belt maintains high shear stress, it also transits from hard tire tread to soft sidewall.Tire steel cord must be high strength and resistant to fatigue.
Material High-strength steel cords
Functions1. Keeps tire shape and directionalstability.2. Reduces rolling resistance.
Sidewall─ Provent damage to tire lateral side.
A Radial tire sidewall bending deformation is larger than the Bias tire , therefore it needs bending resistance compound for tire sidewall.
Material Natural rubber
FunctionsProtect tire casing from lateral damage.
Bead Filler ─ For tire steady ability, handling performance, and comfort level.
A harder bead filler made from rubber is normally used to enhance the
tire sidewall to ensure radial tire steel layer is kept intact.
Material Synthetic rubber
Functions1.Enhances handling ability.2.Gives steering precision.3.Improves comfort.
Nylon Full Cover (Jointless plies)─ Protect tire structure in high speed condition.
A Traditional Nylon cover coated method is usedto enclose an entire layer of tire after the engagement.
Material Nylon, embedded in rubber
FunctionsEnhances high-speed stability.
Tire Sidewall Description
3.Tire Sidewall Description
3.1Tire Size Designation
PCR:305/35R24 112V
LTR:31X10.5R15LT 109S7.50R16 122/120LLT215/75R15 100/97H
3.1Tire Size Designation (PCR)
305 / 35 R 24 112 VSpeed Symbol
Load Index
Nominal Rim Diameter (in.)
Radial Tire Identification
Nominal Aspect Ratio
Nominal Section Width (m/m)
3.1Tire Size Designation (LTR)
31 X 10.5 R 15 LT 109 S
Nominal Overall Diameter (in.)
Nominal Section Width (in.)
Radial Tire Identification
Nominal Rim Diameter (in.)
Tire Function
Load Index
Speed Symbol
3.1Tire Size Designation (LTR)
7.50 R 16 122/120 L
Nominal Section Width (in.)
Radial Tire Identification
Nominal Rim Diameter (in.)
Load Index (Single/Dual)
Speed Symbol
3.1Tire Size Designation (LTR)
LT 215 / 75 R 15 100/97 S
Tire Function
Nominal Section Width (m/m)
Nominal Aspect Ratio
Radial Tire Identification
Nominal Rim Diameter (in.)
Load Index (Single/Dual)
Speed Symbol
3.1Tire Size Designation-Tire Dimension
Low Aspect Ratio(%) High Aspect Ratio(%)
COMFORTCOMFORT
SPORTSPORT
80 Series80 Series70 Series70 Series
65 Series65 Series
~55 Series~55 Series
60 Series60 Series
High aspect ratio tire provide comfort, where as a Low aspect ratio tire leans towards the more sport related performance tire.
OuterDiameter
RimDiameter
Inch Up
Tire Inch Up Characteristics:1.Enhance the handling stability2.Enhance Cornering Performance3.Less comfortable when driving4.More road noise
3.1Tire Size Designation-Speed & Load IndexLoad Index (LI)
Max load per individual tire
LI Kg LI Kg
69 325 84 500
70 335 85 515
71 345 86 530
72 355 87 545
73 365 88 560
74 375 89 580
75 387 90 600
76 400 91 615
77 412 92 630
78 425 93 650
79 437 94 670
80 450 95 690
81 462 96 710
82 475 97 730
83 487 98 750
Speed Index (SI)
SI Max speed for passenger car tire
Q 160 km/h / 99mph
R 170 km/h / 106mph
S 180 km/h / 112mph
T 190 km/h / 118mph
H 210 km/h / 130mph
V 240 km/h / 150mph
W 270 km/h / 169mph
Y 300 km/h / 187mph
ZR Exceeding 240 km/h / 150mph
3.2 UTQG
Uniform Tire Quality Grade, UTQG, by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NHTSA regulated. It is comprised by Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature.
UTQG is required by law for most passenger car tire (PCR), but it is not required for LIGHT TRUCK TIRES, WINTER TIRES, TEMPORARY SPARE TIRES, TRALIER TIRES, AND TIRES UNDER 12”
3.2 UTQGTREADWEARTreadwear means tread lifespan compared to standard tires index 100. Tread wear grades typically range from 60 to 500, each increment of 20 units. In fact tire wear conditions caused from road quality, driving attitude, tire inflation pressure, and vehicle condition.
TEMPERATURETEMERATURE grades range from A, B to C. It represents that tire under the indoor high speed testing conditions, tires properly maintain the cooling capacity until damage.
TRACTIONTraction test only on specific wet concrete road or asphalt road in a straight line moving forward. Grades range from AA, A, B to C. AA is the best performance.
3.3 DOT
DOT Code means tires comply with U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT) safety standards.
The first two letters represent tire manufacturer and factory code. The 3rd and 4th letters mean tire size.The 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th letters represent tire specific function (SPEC). The 9th and 10th of the letter marked the week of tires production. The last number indicates the year of tires production.
Tire Production Process
1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
MIXINGMATERIAL
PREPARATION
BUILDING
And
CURING
INSPECTION
Production Flow Chart
Tire Building Procedure 1.Building Process
305/35R24 112V N-990 →Inner Liner Extruding→Carcass Cutting→Jointless Bead Building→Combine bead with Carcass→Auto Steel Belt Cutting System→Jointless Cover System→Tread Extruding and Cutting →1st and 2nd Steps combination
2.Curing Process
3.DB and UF Inspection
4.Indoor High Speed and Durability Test
Tire Testing
1.Safety Test
2.Off-Road Test
3.Rolling Resistance Test
4.Noise Test
5.Cornering Test
6.Braking Test
Tire Pattern and Characteristics
These are major factors for tire pattern design.
2.Handling performance.
3.Drainage ability.
1.Excellent grip traction on wet/dry roads.
And………..5.A Charming Tire.
4.Avoid irregular tread wear.
Tire Basic Design Theory Rib Pattern: 1.Reduce tire rolling resistance. 2.The rib pattern tire used to adopt as comfort ability tire. Lug Pattern: 1.Offer excellent handling and braking ability for off road.Rib-Lug Pattern:1.Center Rib: Handling, Stability and Skid proof ability.2.Shoulder Lug: Handling and Braking ability.Block Pattern:1.Offer excellent handling and braking ability. 2.Keep stability at snow and mud road
Tire Category and Characteristic
2. Non-directional Symmetric Tire─XR-611
1.Directional Symmetric Tire─NS-2
3. Non-directional Asymmetric Tire─AS-1
1.Directional Symmetric Tire─NS-2
Disadvantage1.Tire pattern cause noisy.2. Recognize tire direction when mounting/
switching.
FL FR
Advantage1.Excellent handling2.Grip traction 3.Drainage ability
2.Non-directional Symmetric Tire─XR-611
Disadvantage1.Tire handling2.Traction 3.Drainage ability
Advantage1.Low noise. 2.No need to recognize the direction of tire when mounting/switching.
3. Non-directional Asymmetric Tire─AS-1
Disadvantage1. Recognized the inside/outside part when
mounting or switch tires.
Advantage1. Outside pattern: Advanced handling, traction
and drainage ability.2. Inside pattern: Low noise, comfort ability.