An IntroductionYun-han Chu

ABS Workshop

Hosted by KPI

Bangkok, January 15-16, 2010

First systematic comparative survey of attitudes and values toward governance, democracy and reform, and citizen politics in Asia

Standardized survey instruments designed around a common research framework

Headquartered at Institute for Advanced Studies, National Taiwan University, and principally funded by Taiwan’s Ministry of Education

Supplementary funding support from World Bank, Henry Luce Foundation, and national funding agencies throughout East Asia

The survey network covers 13 East Asian countries and 5 South Asian countries. Together it gives voice to almost half of the world population,.

The regional partner of Global Barometer Surveys Web address: www.asianbarometer.org

A Comparative Survey of Democracy, Governance and Development

The First Phase

East Asia Barometer2000~2004

Established democracy Japan (n=1,418)

New democracies Taiwan (n=1,415) Philippines (n=1,200) South Korea (n=1,500) Thailand (n=1,546) Mongolia (n=1,144)

Partial democracy Hong Kong (n=811)

Non-democracy China (n=3,183)

Total n=12,218

Eight country-wide national sample surveys

Face-to-face interviews conducted by local research teams

About 150 items, about one hour to complete

Country teams in the First Wave

Leading Questions in the First Wave Survey

How consolidated are the new democracies in Asia? … compared to old democracy, partial democracy, and non-democracy Consolidation defined as attitudinal commitment to democracy and

rejection of authoritarian alternatives (Diamond)

What determines consolidation? Government performance? Culture? Socio-demographic characteristics

of the population? Performance-based legitimacy rather than values-based legitimacy

would be a sign of democratic fragility

With repeated surveys: what causes changes in democratic legitimacy over time? Changes in social structure (modernization) Changes in regime performance Acculturation to democratic institutions

Socio-demographic variables Social capital Psychological involvement in

politics Perceived citizen efficacy,

system responsiveness Media participation and

political knowledge Partisanship Policy priorities Participation in elections Electoral mobilization Other political participation

Meanings of democracy Evaluations of past, present,

and possible future regimes’ level of democracy

Regime performance evaluations

Perceived and observed corruption

Trust in institutions Traditional social values Democratic values Beliefs in procedural norms of

democracy

Questionnaire Batteries

How East Asians View Democracy

This rigorously designed study will surely become a classic in the field.

Foreign Affairs, April-May 2009

The Second Phase

2005~2009

Second-Wave surveys in 18 Asian countries Add five South Asian countries (India, Pakistan,

Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka), coordinated through the Center for the Study of Developing Societies in New Delhi

Add five Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore

48% of world population, majority of developing world Diversity of cultures, religions, levels of development, as

well as institutional systems Mostly same questions, some new questions Report the views of ordinary citizens who are least heard in

policy circles and world opinion

Project Enlargement

Quality of Democratic Governance Rule of law Controlling corruption Vertical accountability Horizontal accountability Transparency Participation Freedom Equal rights Competiveness Responsiveness

Human Security Access to Public

Service Citizenship Diffuse Regime

Support Globalization

Newly Designed Batteries

Leading Questions in the Second Wave

What explain popular support for political regimes in Asia? Why level of support varies greatly among new democracies, partial

democracies and non-democracies Regime support defined as generalized trust and belief about the

superiority of the current system

What determines level of support? Government performance in terms of economic conditions,

responsiveness, human security and access to public service Quality of governance in terms of rule of law, accountability,

transparency, freedom and rights, controlling corruption, Culture in terms of liberal democratic values and traditional social values Citizen politics in terms of participation and interest in politics Socio-demographic characteristics of the population

Survey Schedules and Sample Sizes of Second Wave AB

Location Survey Schedule Valid Cases

Taiwan Jan 14-Feb 15 2006 1587

Hong Kong Sep-Dec 2007 849

Thailand Apr-Sep 2006 1546

Philippines Nov 25-Dec 5 2005 1200

China Oct 15 – Dec. 29 2008 4500

Mongolia May 25-Jun 9 2006 1211

Japan Feb 23-Mar 12 2007 1067

South Korea Sep 7-22 2006 1212

Indonesia Nov 15-29 2006 1598

Vietnam Nov 25-Dec 5 2005 1200

Singapore Jul 15-Dec 22 2006 1012

Malaysia Jul 14-Aug 15 2007 1218

Cambodia Apr 19-May 4 2008 1000

Asian Barometer releases its data after an embargo of 18 months

Downloadable from our website Questionnaires Data request form Working Papers Conference Papers

280 requests for data from all over the world On-line data retrieval: In collaboration with ASEP/JDS

based in Madrid。 http://www.jdsurvey.net/jds/jdsurvey.jsp

Dissemination

www.asianbarometer.org

Regional Partner of Global Barometer Surveys

Afrobarometer (18 countries) Latinobarómetro (18 countries) Arab Barometer (7 countries) Eurasia Barometer (6 countries)

Global Collaboration

A member of Network of Democracy Research Institutes

World Bank European Union IDEA International International Forum for Democratic Studies, NED Asia Foundation Center for Democracy, Development and Rule of

Law, Stanford University Weatherhead East Asia Institute, Columbia

University UNDP Oslo Governance Centre

The Third Wave

The third-wave survey will be administered in 2010 and 2011

New Topics Diffuse Regime Support Regime Preference Popular Understanding of Democracy Regionalism