Hypertension
Design of Al-Ahd BuildingPrepared by:- Osama Raddad- Musab Eleyan-Abd Al-haleem yahya-Rami Assaf- Ahmad Abu MwaisSupervisor : Wael Abu Asab
An-Najah National UniversityFaculty of EngineeringCivil Engineering DepartmentOutline:IntroductionLoadsPreliminary Design Static DesignWind and Earthquake loadSlab and BeamFooting1. Introduction General IntroductionAL-Ahd building is twenty four stories of reinforced concrete building located in Bethlehem city.
the average elevation of each story 3m, ground floor of 3.75 m height to be used for commercial goods and basement floor of 3 m height to be used for garage and storage. General introduction, cont. In this project we study the building from mainly structural, architectural points of view.
The structural design of the project will consist of 3 parts:
Static Design Analysis of the structural elements under gravity loads
Dynamic Designanalysis of the structural elements under dynamic loads
Structural Modelingthe process at which the physical structure is represented by mathematical model
Project DescriptionDesign codesMaterialsStructural systemSlab systemLoadingComputer programsLoads combination
Design codes
ACI -2011 (American Concrete Institute Code 2011)
IBC -2009 (International Building Code 2009)
ASCE for design loads
Jordanian code
Materials
Structural SystemShear Wallshear wall system this type is easy to construct, and the material that use in this system is available, but this type is a very difficult to open a window and door in the wall so it is not provides adequate ventilation and lighting.Slab system
The slab systems to be used is two way solid slab.
Column centers plan
3D Model
Design Loads
Vertical loads :Dead and Live loads
Lateral loads :Wind and Earthquake loads
Computer programsIn analysis and design:
SAP2000 (v14.2.2) programLoads combination
The load combinations are: according to ACI 318-11 9.2.1:
Wu= 1.4D.LWu= 1.2D.L+ 1.6L.L
Service load = 1.0 D.L + 1.0 L.L
2. Loads LoadsDead load and superimposed dead load:
Dead load: A constant load in a structure that is due to the weight of the members
superimposed dead load: is defined as any applied load other than dead load like: Plastering, tiles, paint, etcTo find S.D.L:MaterialUnit weight kN/m3Plain concrete23.5Reinforced concrete24Glass25.5Mild steel77Hardwood11Softwood8Live LoadLive loads are the weights of people, furniture, supplies, machines, stores,
In order to find the live loads there two ways:1- Codes like IBCs table2- Experience
Wind LoadBuilding and other structures, including the main Wind - force Resisting System , shall be designed to resist wind load.
Uplift loadShear loadLateral LoadEarthquake LoadsEarthquake loads are dynamic loads, which acting on the whole structure, and may occur in any direction.
Structural system for shear resistance1.Rigid Structural Frame
Rigid frame structures provide more stability. This type of frame structures resists the shear, moment, and torsion more effectively than any other type of frame structures
Structural system for shear resistance, cont.2. Braced Structural Frames
It use to the resistance against the lateral forces and sideways forces due to applied load
Structural system for shear resistance, cont.3. Shear walls:
shear walls can be used to provide stability of the building frame.
3. Preliminary DesignPreliminary DesignThere are many structural systems that may be used this building structure
The following diagram shows slab systems classification based on load path and type of section:
Floor Structural systemThe structural systems that was chosen for this building, A two way solid slab with dropped beams
Minimum thickness of SlabSupports Simply supported One end continuous Two end continuousCantileverFor beam and ribbed slabL / 16L / 18.5L / 21L / 8For solid slabL / 20L / 24L / 28L / 10Preliminary DesignSlab thicknessesFor two way slab systems, we will specify the minimum slab thickness based on deflection criteria
h min= 220 mm
Preliminary Design, cont.Beams:The depth of internal beams = 60 cmThe depth of external beams = 40 cm
Columns : The dimension of columns is to be assumed as 50 50 cm
4. Static DesignFinal Dimensions
elementDimensions/thicknessTow way solid slab 25cmMain beams 80cm width x 60cm depthOther main beams60cm width x 40cm depthAll columns50cm x 50cmshear wall 30cm Final static design loads
SlabSuper imposed dead loadLive loadTow way solid slab4kN/m5kN/mVerification of SAP model1-Compatibility:
2-Equilibrium:
- Sap result :
- manual CalculationLoad type Hand results (KN)Solid SAPresults (KN)Error %service13439.5213802.6582.62
3. Stress- strain relationship:
This item include verification the values of moment on middle strip, column strip
After achieving compatibility, equilibrium and stress strain relationship, we are confident that the model works well and we can start static design.
5. Wind & Earthquake load By calculating the Wind load and Earthquake load The following results was obtainedCalculation of wind load:Equation that use in this calculation qz = 0.613*kz*kzt*kd*v2*I where :kz will find by using table 6.3 in code ASCEkzt can be assume 1kd with value of 0.85 I for tower equal 2
Wind LoadNO. of floorAccumulative Heightkzqz P(N/mm^2)Ground 014.770.575665.653452.64429.190.7563.7636383.3592313.120.78628.1937427.1717417.050.83668.4625454.5545520.980.89716.7851487.4139624.880.93749.0002509.3201728.780.97781.2153531.2264832.681.01813.4303553.1326936.581.04837.5916569.56231040.481.06853.6992580.51541144.381.1885.9142602.42171248.281.13910.0755618.85141352.181.15926.183629.80451456.081.18950.3443646.23421559.981.19958.3981651.71071663.881.21974.5056662.66381767.781.23990.6132673.6171872.011.251006.721684.57011975.941.281030.882700.99982080.631.31046.99711.9529Earthquake load:NO. of floorArea ( m^2)Dead load (ton)Accumulative Height (m)W* hWxFx (ton)Ft(ton)Vx(ton)1596.8447.64.772135.0528608.862.972854.78117.75282576.3432.2259.193972.1488161.2115.016954.78232.76973598.5448.87513.125889.248176.575164.511954.78397.28164600.5450.37517.057678.8948159.925213.354954.78610.63655600.5450.37520.989448.8688158.425262.484654.78873.12116600.5450.37524.8811205.338158.425311.278354.781184.3997600.5450.37528.7812961.798158.425360.071954.781544.4718600.5450.37532.6814718.268158.425408.865554.781953.3379600.5450.37536.5816474.728158.425457.659154.782410.99610600.5450.37540.4818231.188158.425506.452754.782917.44911600.5450.37544.3819987.648158.425555.246354.783472.69512600.5450.37548.2821744.118158.425604.0454.784076.73513600.5450.37552.1823500.578158.425652.833654.784729.56814600.5450.37556.0825257.038158.425701.627254.785431.19615600.5450.37559.9827013.498158.425750.420854.786181.61716600.5450.37563.8828769.968158.425799.214454.786980.83117600.5450.37567.7830526.428158.425848.00854.787828.83918519.9389.92572.0128078.58158.425900.930454.788729.76919427.9320.92575.9424371.048218.875957.139154.789686.9082035226480.6321286.328287.8751024.78354.7810711.696. Slab and BeamFor Slab:Because the type of slab is two way in the project, more than one strip is taken in each direction as frame and the value of moment in each frame shown as follow:
Frame 2 :
Frame C :
Frame D :
Layout of beams
For Beams:Beams are the structural elements that transmit the tributary loads from floor slabs to vertical supporting columns.
Beam 3 moment
Design of Beams:moment signAs (mm^2)steel ratiod (mm)b (mm)Mu (Kn.m)Namepositive7920.0017840060064.5beam 1negative7920.0027640060099positive1739.750.00362600800387beam2negative2940.480.00613600800639positive2500.060.00521600800548beam 3negative4238.770.00883600800897.6positive1800.290.00375600800400beam 4negative3296.760.00687600800711.4positive7920.0018240060066beam 5negative7920.00325400600116positive7920.0014940060054beam 6negative7920.0022540060081positive7920.0016840060061beam 7negative7920.00322400600115positive7920.0014940060054beam 8negative7920.0020240060073positive15840.00121600800132beam 9negative15840.0005860080063.9positive2223.460.00463600800490beam 10negative4334.000.00903600800916positive2838.130.00591600800618beam 11negative2533.660.00528600800555positive1274.040.00531400600186beam 12negative2479.920.01033400600345analysis of beams for shear:The value of Vu for each beam are taken from SAPas follow:For external beam, Vc =127 kNFor internal beam , Vc = 317 KNBeam 1:Vu =54.2 KN Vc =127 kNNo need for shear reinforcementBeam 2:Vu =390 KN Vc = 317 KnNeed for shear reinforcementBeam 3: Vu =546 KN Vc = 317 KnNeed for shear reinforcement
Beam 4:Vu =421 KN Vc = 317 Kn Need for shear reinforcementBeam 5:Vu =85 KN Vc = 127 KnNeed minimum shear reinforcement Beam 6:Vu =96 KN Vc = 127 KnNeed minimum shear reinforcement
Beam 7:Vu = 111 KN Vc = 127 Kn Need minimum shear reinforcementBeam 8:Vu =269 KN Vc = 317 Kn Need minimum shear reinforcement Beam9:Vu =81.3 KN Vc = 127Kn Need minimum shear reinforcement
Beam 10:Vu =466.8 KN Vc = 317 Kn Need for shear reinforcement Beam 11:Vu =571 KN Vc = 317 Kn Need for shear reinforcement Beam 12:Vu =175 KN Vc = 127 Kn Need for shear reinforcement
7. FootingLayout of columns
loads on columns and shear wallColumn numberareaload total load on column no. of shear wallareaload117204.684912.32110.4125.21627.590.32167.2215.7189.0283112.04288.96330.15363.006432.8394.9129477.888432.3388.892547565.8813581.12522.3268.492625.4305.8167339.584634.4414.1767224.08577.92734.3412.97288.5102.342456.16812.4149.29695.566.221589.2897.387.8921014168.564045.44105.869.832115.262.6081502.5921110.1121.6041220.3244.4125865.88812896.321320.1242.0045808.096134.756.588148.7104.7482513.952145.363.8121544.8539.39212945.40815560.2165.768.6281647.072163.744.548176.983.0761993.824178.197.5241864.5776.5818637.92184.958.9961966.3798.25219158.048191.416.856205.768.6281647.072206.6479.94562116.1193.8444652.2562214.8178.1924276.608234.857.7921387.008Footing Analysis:The total area of footing = 285.55+217.76= 503.31 m2The area of the first floor is 594.6m2Total area of footing = 72.64% > 65% so mat foundation is the most suitable for this case.
The most Critical column was chosen is the column that carries the largest load, Pu = 19158 KNPractical thickness of mat foundation is calculated by using this equation
hmin = 15*sqrt(pu) = 15*sqrt(19158 ) = 2076mm used h = 2.1 m
In project 2 , we will study the following:Design of 3D staticDesign of 3D dynamicDesign of mat foundationDesign of stairsDesign of columns and shear wallsDesign of swimming pool
