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An Overview of Micro Hydro and Power Production Calculations
Hydro power in USA, Canada and the World
Basically, It’s Solar Power
At the heart of the micro hydro system is a water wheel enclosed within a structure.
These wheels can be of many forms.
Listed are a few of the major types.
high head medium head low head
impulse turbines Pelton Turgo
cross-flow multi-jet Pelton Turgo
cross-flow
reaction turbines Francis
Pump-as-turbine
(PAT)
propeller Kaplan
Pelton and Turgo Wheels
Big and Small
http://wskn.wellington.net.nz/graphics/suepreservation/2%20C%20%20AB%20Pelton%20Wheel.htm
4 “http://www.solareagle.com/microhydro/turgo.html
Others
Banki Crossflow
http://www.toshiba.co.jp/f-ene/hydro/english/products/equipment/index01_2.htm
Kaplan
http://www.waterwheelfactory.com/francis.htm
Francis
These Turbines are turned by water. That turning motion creates energy by causing coils of wire to move relative to magnets.
With the high head situations we commonly see in the mountains, pelton wheels and turgo
wheels are commonly used.
Jets are sprayed into cups of these wheels
PenstockE Wi Jo Micro-hydro Project in Palang Thai
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gridconnect.ca/images/microhydro2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gridconnect.ca/micropowerD.html&h=494&w=637&sz=81&tbnid=0eugF_Vvrq0J:&tbnh=104&tbnw=135&hl=en&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpenstock%2Bmicrohydro%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLG,GGLG:2005-41,GGLG:en%26sa%3DN
Kre Khi Micro-hydro Project
IntakeHigh Head
High Flow
http://www.ariseboone.net/watercycle.htm#Intake
Generator Housing
Batteries
Balance of System:
Inverters and Charge Controllers
Other Parts
Cool Big Pelton Wheel
Assessments
Power Calculations
• Power (watts) = Head (ft) * Flow (GPM)
10
15.9 GPM = 1 L/S
Flow
3.28 feet = 1 meter
Head
Turtle Island
• Turtle Island at high flow 300 GPM (1/2 of flow is 150 GPM) Head 140 feet
(140 ft * 150 GPM)/10= 2100 W• Turtle Island at low flow 150 GPM
(1/2 of flow is 75 GPM) Head 140 feet
(140 ft * 75 GPM)/10= 1050 W
Mollies Branch
• Mollies Branch at high flow 300 GPM (1/2 of flow is 150 GPM) Head 100 feet
(100 ft * 150 GPM)/10= 1500 W• Mollies Branch at low flow 150 GPM
(1/2 of flow is 75 GPM) Head 100 feet
(100 ft * 75 GPM)/10= 750 W