Anaerobic Energy Anaerobic Energy SystemsSystems

By: Stacey Perkins, Catherine Gordon, Kaitlyn By: Stacey Perkins, Catherine Gordon, Kaitlyn Souter, Ben O’BrienSouter, Ben O’Brien

Lab OverviewLab Overview

Look at definitions and types of anaerobic Look at definitions and types of anaerobic energy systemsenergy systems

Conduct Wingate TestConduct Wingate Test Collect and Analyse resultsCollect and Analyse results Re-group for questions and summaryRe-group for questions and summary

IMPORTANT:IMPORTANT: Please be diligent and Please be diligent and respond quickly to instructionsrespond quickly to instructions

Anaerobic Energy Anaerobic Energy SystemsSystems

Anaerobic energy systemAnaerobic energy system = energy system = energy system within the body that does not require the use of within the body that does not require the use of oxygenoxygen

It consists of the ATP-PC system and the It consists of the ATP-PC system and the Lactic Acid/Anaerobic Glycolysis systemLactic Acid/Anaerobic Glycolysis system

All three energy pathways (ATP-PC, Lactic All three energy pathways (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid & Aerobic energy systems) operate at any Acid & Aerobic energy systems) operate at any one time and can overlap. The contribution of one time and can overlap. The contribution of each varies depending on the duration and each varies depending on the duration and intensity of the activityintensity of the activity

Anaerobic Energy Anaerobic Energy SystemsSystems

ATP-PC SYSTEMATP-PC SYSTEM Provides a bulk of ATP required during powerful Provides a bulk of ATP required during powerful

and explosive effortsand explosive efforts(Eg: take off in high jump, sprint position in netball)(Eg: take off in high jump, sprint position in netball) Linked with several fitness componentsLinked with several fitness components(Eg: muscular strength, anaerobic power, speed) (Eg: muscular strength, anaerobic power, speed) Provides up to 10 seconds of energy for maximal Provides up to 10 seconds of energy for maximal

efforteffort The system relies on muscle stores of both ATP The system relies on muscle stores of both ATP

and PC (phospho-creatine)and PC (phospho-creatine)

Anaerobic Energy Anaerobic Energy SystemsSystems

LACTIC ACID SYSTEMLACTIC ACID SYSTEM Provides bulk of ATP production during high Provides bulk of ATP production during high

intensity, sub-maximal efforts.intensity, sub-maximal efforts. Operates as a dominant supply of ATP from Operates as a dominant supply of ATP from

around 15-60 seconds of maximal effortaround 15-60 seconds of maximal effort Closely linked with several fitness components Closely linked with several fitness components (Eg: anaerobic power, speed and muscular (Eg: anaerobic power, speed and muscular

power)power) Classic example: 400m runClassic example: 400m run

DefinitionsDefinitions

SPEED:SPEED: Refers either to Refers either to the ability to perform a the ability to perform a movement quickly or to movement quickly or to see how fast a see how fast a movement is performed. movement is performed.

POWER:POWER: The rate of The rate of performing work. The performing work. The product of force and product of force and velocity. Power = force x velocity. Power = force x distance/time. distance/time.

DefinitionsDefinitions

WORK:WORK: Physical work or Physical work or effort as opposed to resteffort as opposed to rest

VELOCITY:VELOCITY: Velocity = Velocity = distance/time. How fast distance/time. How fast an object is moving at an object is moving at any one time over a given any one time over a given distance with regard to distance with regard to direction. Two types: direction. Two types: Linear and Angular. Linear and Angular.

Post Exercise Oxygen Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)Consumption (EPOC)

Who here plays a sport? What?Who here plays a sport? What? After a short sprint/tackle what is your After a short sprint/tackle what is your

body doing? (in relation to your breathing body doing? (in relation to your breathing and pulse)and pulse)

Is it possible to not have an increased Is it possible to not have an increased heart rate and heavy breathing after heart rate and heavy breathing after intense exercise? Why?intense exercise? Why?

Post Exercise Oxygen Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)Consumption (EPOC)

When aerobic exercise begins, the oxygen When aerobic exercise begins, the oxygen transport system does not immediately supply transport system does not immediately supply the needed quantity of oxygen to the active the needed quantity of oxygen to the active muscles because oxygen consumption muscles because oxygen consumption requires several minutes to reach steady state. requires several minutes to reach steady state.

Because oxygen needs and oxygen supply Because oxygen needs and oxygen supply differs during the transition from rest to differs during the transition from rest to exercise, the body incurs an oxygen deficit. exercise, the body incurs an oxygen deficit. (eg: getting tired during warm up)(eg: getting tired during warm up)

Post Exercise Oxygen Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)Consumption (EPOC)

The oxygen deficitThe oxygen deficit = the difference between = the difference between the oxygen required for a given exercise the oxygen required for a given exercise intensity and the actual oxygen consumption.intensity and the actual oxygen consumption.

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (Oxygen debt)(Oxygen debt) = the elevated levels of oxygen = the elevated levels of oxygen consumption during the initial minutes of consumption during the initial minutes of recovery, which exceed the oxygen usually recovery, which exceed the oxygen usually required at rest. required at rest.

Post Exercise Oxygen Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)Consumption (EPOC)

Sources of FatigueSources of Fatigue

PCr depletionPCr depletion Muscle glycogen depletionMuscle glycogen depletion Neuromuscular - nerve impulsesNeuromuscular - nerve impulses CNS - muscular recruitmentCNS - muscular recruitment Metabolic by-productsMetabolic by-products- LactateLactate- Hydrogen Ions – low phHydrogen Ions – low ph- Buffers - bicarbonateBuffers - bicarbonate

Metabolic By-Product Metabolic By-Product RemovalRemoval

LACTIC ACID:LACTIC ACID:

MythMyth – that lactic acid is responsible for fatigue – that lactic acid is responsible for fatigue TruthTruth – lactic acid accumulates within the muscle fibre only during – lactic acid accumulates within the muscle fibre only during

relatively brief, highly intense muscular effort.relatively brief, highly intense muscular effort. TruthTruth – fatigue is generally caused by inadequate energy supply – fatigue is generally caused by inadequate energy supply

LactateLactate – Removed by Gluconeogenesis (conversion – Removed by Gluconeogenesis (conversion of glucose) through Cori cycle (energy consuming) or of glucose) through Cori cycle (energy consuming) or the Oxidation to pyruvate which fuels the citric acid the Oxidation to pyruvate which fuels the citric acid cycle (energy producing)cycle (energy producing)

Metabolic By-Product Metabolic By-Product RemovalRemoval

HYDROGEN IONSHYDROGEN IONS

Hydrogen Ions (pH)Hydrogen Ions (pH) – Removed by – Removed by buffers such as bicarbonate buffers such as bicarbonate

pH is a major limiter of performance and pH is a major limiter of performance and the primary cause of fatigue during the primary cause of fatigue during maximal and all-out exercisemaximal and all-out exercise

Wingate TestWingate Test

Conduct the Wingate Conduct the Wingate TestTest

All participants to All participants to prepare for testingprepare for testing

Observers prepare to Observers prepare to record resultsrecord results

Blood LactateBlood Lactate

Why is blood lactate increased at post Why is blood lactate increased at post test?test?

Why does blood lactate continue to Why does blood lactate continue to increase at follow up?increase at follow up?

What are some gender differences in What are some gender differences in lactate?lactate?

Application of ResultsApplication of Results

Visit all four groupsVisit all four groups

- Peak Anaerobic Power (PP)Peak Anaerobic Power (PP)

- Relative Anaerobic Power (RPP)Relative Anaerobic Power (RPP)

- Anaerobic Capacity (AC)Anaerobic Capacity (AC)

- Anaerobic Fatigue (AF)Anaerobic Fatigue (AF) Apply results from the Wingate test to Apply results from the Wingate test to

above mentioned methodsabove mentioned methods

Questions?Questions?

Does the term Anaerobic Capacity Does the term Anaerobic Capacity actually indicate the total amount of work actually indicate the total amount of work

done by the anaerobic systems? done by the anaerobic systems? Why/why not?Why/why not?

What are the causes of Anaerobic fatigue What are the causes of Anaerobic fatigue in this test?in this test?

Questions?Questions?

After the test has finished, how does the After the test has finished, how does the body get rid of lactic acid?body get rid of lactic acid?

Exertion levels determine the rate of Exertion levels determine the rate of lactic acid removallactic acid removal

An active recovery provides best An active recovery provides best conditions with exertion levels and heart conditions with exertion levels and heart rate lower than that at the onset of blood rate lower than that at the onset of blood lactate accumulation. lactate accumulation.

Questions?Questions?

The bulk of lactic acid is converted back The bulk of lactic acid is converted back into pyruvic acid then oxidised inside the into pyruvic acid then oxidised inside the mitochondria via the citric acid cycle mitochondria via the citric acid cycle (creating new ATP supplies)(creating new ATP supplies)

The body also deals with lactic acid The body also deals with lactic acid through respiration, perspiration and through respiration, perspiration and excretion.excretion.

ConclusionConclusion

Anaerobic energy system =Anaerobic energy system = energy system within the energy system within the body that does not require the use of oxygenbody that does not require the use of oxygen

There are two systems = There are two systems = ATP-PC systemATP-PC system (lasts from 8- (lasts from 8-10 seconds) & 10 seconds) & LACTIC ACID systemLACTIC ACID system (operates from (operates from 15-60 seconds)15-60 seconds)

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (Oxygen Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (Oxygen debt)debt) = the elevated levels of oxygen consumption = the elevated levels of oxygen consumption during the initial minutes of recovery, which exceed the during the initial minutes of recovery, which exceed the oxygen usually required at rest. oxygen usually required at rest.

ConclusionConclusion

There are many sources of There are many sources of fatiguefatigue that that can influence performancecan influence performance

The The Metabolic by-productsMetabolic by-products need to be need to be removed from the system to enable the removed from the system to enable the body to recover effectivelybody to recover effectively

Have a good day!!Have a good day!!