Water analysisWater analysisof La Union of La Union

andand surrounding areas surrounding areas

Comenius ProjectComenius Project

IndexIndex

• 1.Introduction1.Introduction

• 2.Methodology2.Methodology

• 2.1.Water temperature2.1.Water temperature

• 2.2.Water turbidity2.2.Water turbidity

• 2.3.Oxygen2.3.Oxygen

• 2.4.PH2.4.PH

• 2.5.Salinity2.5.Salinity

• 3.Results3.Results

• 4.Conclusions4.Conclusions

1.Introduction1.Introduction

• Who are we?Who are we?

We are a group of students of 4ºESO, We are a group of students of 4ºESO, of Biology-Geology of the IES Sierra of Biology-Geology of the IES Sierra Minera.Minera.

• Where are we Where are we ??

Our institute is found on the outskirts Our institute is found on the outskirts of La Union. of La Union.

• What are we going to do?What are we going to do?

We are going to analyzethe water We are going to analyzethe water from La Union and other towns close from La Union and other towns close by such as, Roche, Elby such as, Roche, El

Estrecho, Portmán and El Beal.Estrecho, Portmán and El Beal.

2.Methodology2.Methodology

• The following activities can be carried out The following activities can be carried out by groups of about 20 students at any by groups of about 20 students at any level of the ESOlevel of the ESO

• They will be performed using equipment They will be performed using equipment of the Science laband equipment of the Science laband equipment provided from the provided from the protection of water protection of water quality associationquality association..

• We will mesure the parametres exposed We will mesure the parametres exposed below.below.

2.1.Temperature2.1.Temperature

•The temperature determines the kind of The temperature determines the kind of creatures that can inhabit the ecosystem, creatures that can inhabit the ecosystem, and living in a certain temperature range. and living in a certain temperature range. There is an influence of other factors that There is an influence of other factors that relate to it as the amount of gases dissolved relate to it as the amount of gases dissolved in water and the pH.in water and the pH.

•Nothing could be easier to measure Nothing could be easier to measure temperature. We use a thermometer.temperature. We use a thermometer.

• Stick the thermometer in the water Stick the thermometer in the water and keep it there for five minutes. and keep it there for five minutes. Then take it out and see the result.Then take it out and see the result.

2.2.Water turbidity2.2.Water turbidity• Turbidity is the lack of transparency of the Turbidity is the lack of transparency of the

water by the presence of suspended water by the presence of suspended particles. The more you have the greater particles. The more you have the greater the turbidity. Turbid water does not mean the turbidity. Turbid water does not mean contaminated, as it may be turbid from contaminated, as it may be turbid from natural causesnatural causes

• Turbidity is measured with the Secchi disk, Turbidity is measured with the Secchi disk, as explained in the following activityas explained in the following activity

1.- 1.- Remove the protective sticker from the Secchi disk.Remove the protective sticker from the Secchi disk.

2.- Attach the 2.- Attach the sticker to the bottom of the container on the sticker to the bottom of the container on the inside.inside.

3.- 3.- Fill the container to the turbidity line located on the outer Fill the container to the turbidity line located on the outer tag of the container.tag of the container.

4.- 4.- Keep the turbidity chart at the top of the jar. Looking Keep the turbidity chart at the top of the jar. Looking inside the jar, compare the drawing aspect to the Secchi inside the jar, compare the drawing aspect to the Secchi disk in the container with the graph.disk in the container with the graph.

5.- Write if the turbidity is low, medium or high5.- Write if the turbidity is low, medium or high

2.3.Dissolved oxygen2.3.Dissolved oxygen• Dissolved oxygen is the gaseous oxygen Dissolved oxygen is the gaseous oxygen

that is dissolved in the water. It is very that is dissolved in the water. It is very important for the existence of the important for the existence of the biocenosis and the need for respirationbiocenosis and the need for respiration..

• The main source of dissolved oxygen in The main source of dissolved oxygen in water is absorbed from the atmosphere and water is absorbed from the atmosphere and released by the water plants during released by the water plants during photosynthesis. Keep in mind that in photosynthesis. Keep in mind that in moving water there is more dissolved moving water there is more dissolved oxygen because it facilitatates its oxygen because it facilitatates its disseminationdissemination..

• 1.- 1.- Submerge the small tube in the water sample. Submerge the small tube in the water sample. Carefully Remove the sample tube, keeping it Carefully Remove the sample tube, keeping it filled to the topfilled to the top..

• 2.- Put two TesTabs ® tablets in the tube to 2.- Put two TesTabs ® tablets in the tube to measure the dissolved oxygen.measure the dissolved oxygen.

• • 3.- 3.- Close the tube with the black cap. Make sure Close the tube with the black cap. Make sure

no bubbles are in the sampleno bubbles are in the sample..

• 4.- 4.- Dissolve the tablets gently shaking the tubeDissolve the tablets gently shaking the tube..

• 5.- 5.- Wait five minutes to take a water sample color.Wait five minutes to take a water sample color.

• 6.- 6.- Compare the color of the sample with the color Compare the color of the sample with the color chart for dissolved oxygen. Write the result as chart for dissolved oxygen. Write the result as parts per million (ppm) of dissolved oxygen.parts per million (ppm) of dissolved oxygen.

PHPH

• This value tells us the acidity of water. This value tells us the acidity of water. Ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very Ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic) with 7 as neutral pH value. Is basic) with 7 as neutral pH value. Is determined by the concentration of H + determined by the concentration of H + (more quantity, more acidic).(more quantity, more acidic).

• The pH can be determined by various The pH can be determined by various factors such as spills, air pollution, types of factors such as spills, air pollution, types of rocks, etc..rocks, etc..

ProcedureProcedure• 1.- 1.- Fill the test tube to the 10 mL line with the Fill the test tube to the 10 mL line with the

water sample.water sample.

• 2.- Put in a TesTabs® tablet to measure the pH.2.- Put in a TesTabs® tablet to measure the pH.

• 3.- 3.- Cover the test tube and mix by shaking Cover the test tube and mix by shaking several times to dissolve the tablet.several times to dissolve the tablet.

• 4.- 4.- Compare the color of the sample with the pH Compare the color of the sample with the pH color chart. Write the result.color chart. Write the result.

• 1.1. • 2.2.

• 3.3. • 4.4.

2.5. Salinity2.5. Salinity• Defined as the amount of dissolved salts that the Defined as the amount of dissolved salts that the

water carries. We will study the nitrates.water carries. We will study the nitrates.

• Nitrate is a compound consisting of one Nitrate is a compound consisting of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen. Its an anion nitrogen atom and three oxygen. Its an anion and its symbol is NO3-. It can come from and its symbol is NO3-. It can come from industrial pollution and agricultural activities industrial pollution and agricultural activities (fertilizer).(fertilizer).

• Its consumption is harmful to man but its a Its consumption is harmful to man but its a nutrient for plants and can accelerate the nutrient for plants and can accelerate the growth of algae. growth of algae.

1

ProcedimientoProcedimiento• 1.- 1.- Fill the same tube that was used Fill the same tube that was used

to measure the pH to the 5 mL line to measure the pH to the 5 mL line

• 2.- Put in a pill for the nitrate analysis 1 (2799) 2.- Put in a pill for the nitrate analysis 1 (2799)

• 3.- Cover the tube and shake until the 3.- Cover the tube and shake until the tablet dissolves completely. tablet dissolves completely.

• 4.- Waita 5 minutes.4.- Waita 5 minutes.

• 5.Compare the colour of the solution with the 5.Compare the colour of the solution with the color chart and write the result as ppm. color chart and write the result as ppm.

• 11 • 22

• 33 • 55

ResultsResults

TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE

--La UniónLa Unión: 24º: 24º-El EstrechoEstrecho: 24º: 24º

--El BealEl Beal: 24º: 24º

--ComercialComercial: 24º: 24º

--PortmánPortmán: 24º: 24º

ResultsResults

WATER TURBIDITYWATER TURBIDITY

--La UniónLa Unión: baja: baja

--El EstrechoEl Estrecho: baja: baja

--El BealEl Beal: baja: baja

--ComercialComercial: baja: baja

--PortmánPortmán: baja: baja

ResultsResults

Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen

--La UniónLa Unión: 4ppm: 4ppm--El EstrechoEl Estrecho: 4ppm: 4ppm--El BealEl Beal: 4ppm : 4ppm --ComercialComercial: 4ppm: 4ppm--PortmánPortmán: 4ppm: 4ppm

ResultsResults

PHPH

--La UniónLa Unión: 7: 7

--El EstrechoEl Estrecho: 8: 8

--El BealEl Beal: 7: 7

--ComercialComercial: 7: 7

--PortmánPortmán: 7: 7

ResultsResults

NitratesNitrates

-La Unión: 5ppm-La Unión: 5ppm

-El Estrecho: 5ppm-El Estrecho: 5ppm

-El Beal: 5ppm-El Beal: 5ppm

-Comercial: 5ppm-Comercial: 5ppm

-Portmán: 5ppm-Portmán: 5ppm

CarbonatesCarbonates

-La Unión: 7 x 40 =280ppm-La Unión: 7 x 40 =280ppm -El Estrecho: 7 x 40 -El Estrecho: 7 x 40 =280ppm=280ppm -El Beal: 7 x 40 =280ppm-El Beal: 7 x 40 =280ppm -Comercial: 7 x 40 =280ppm-Comercial: 7 x 40 =280ppm -Portmán: 7 x 40 =280ppm-Portmán: 7 x 40 =280ppm

ConclusionsConclusions

• Given the close resemblance of the Given the close resemblance of the properties of water, it can easily properties of water, it can easily deduce that either the water comes deduce that either the water comes from the same swampor is treated from the same swampor is treated at the center of purification. What is at the center of purification. What is certain is that they have a common certain is that they have a common origin origin ..